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The Royal Society of Edinburgh Adam Smith Prize Lecture 2016 Glasgow The Royal Society of Edinburgh Adam Smith Prize Lecture 2016 Glasgow and Scotland's Gold Medal Moment: The Chairman's Perspective Rt Hon The Lord Smith of Kelvin KT HonFRSE Chairman, Green Investment Bank; IMI; Forth Ports; Clyde Gateway, Chancellor of the University of Strathclyde Monday 7 March 2016 Report by Steve Farrar On accepting the Adam Smith Prize, Lord Smith noted that the great economist after whom the Prize is named had defined the true essence and purpose of national, personal and social wealth. As well as defining the worth of the free market, Adam Smith had made the first real attempt to define the value to individual citizens, as well as to nations, of investing and actively sustaining a good society. Echoing such concepts, Lord Smith's Prize Lecture focused on the social and civic good that the Glasgow 2014 Commonwealth Games brought and continues to bring to Glasgow, to Scotland and to the Commonwealth. Lord Smith observed that the summer of 2014 changed Scotland. “Everyone who encountered the Games also experienced that special magic,” he said. That this great sporting spectacle was staged in Glasgow had personal relevance to Lord Smith: “Cut me through and I'm 100% proud Glaswegian and I'm convinced no other city in the world could have or would have created that extraordinary welcome.” The Games were held over 11 days, with 4,500 athletes from 71 nations competing for 261 gold medals in 17 sports. There was also a cultural programme that spanned Scotland, and the Queen's Baton Relay. Lord Smith himself was an official baton bearer through his childhood streets of Maryhill and was especially proud to have carried it to Firhill, home of Partick Thistle FC. By every statistical measure, Glasgow 2014 was a success: 1.3 million tickets sold; a TV audience of more than 1.5 billion; highest and youngest volunteer applications for any Commonwealth Games; delivered on time and on budget (indeed, the Organising Committee gave back a £37 million underspend); and £740 million of value added to the Scottish economy over seven years. Of the three key lessons Lord Smith said he had learned from the experience, the most significant was that before you need planners and builders, you need 'imagineers' – and you have to trust them. “None of this would have happened if it were not for the imagination, vision and determination of the handful of Scots who supported the bid in the first place,” Lord Smith said. He paid tribute to former First Minister Jack McConnell and Louise Martin, then Chair of the Commonwealth Games Scotland, and to Alex Salmond for continuing to champion the ambition of the Games after the Scottish National Party took over the Government. He noted that it was to the credit of the politicians that the Games never became a political football, particularly with the Independence Referendum falling a few weeks later. Lord Smith's journey to Glasgow 2014 started on the M8, in the back of a car driving from Edinburgh to Glasgow late in 2007. He had just taken a call from an old friend who asked if he would be interested in being interviewed for chairing the Organising Committee. “I'd made my feelings pretty clear – no chance, I'm far too busy,” Lord Smith said. “The driver, who had heard my half of the conversation, piped up: 'You mean the only Commonwealth Games that Scotland will probably ever get in my lifetime and you're too busy? Are you sure you're too busy?” Lord Smith changed his mind and phoned his friend back. “That driver was more of an imagineer than I was,” he said. The second lesson was that sticking to clear values makes for clear decision making. Lord Smith said that consistency in understanding what they were trying to achieve helped make the Games project a success. The Organising Committee became the honest broker who brought disparate groups of people together on common ground for a common purpose. This ranged from the funders – the main one being the Scottish Government, the second biggest being the Organising Committee itself – to the volunteers and the athletes themselves. There were difficult decisions to make: one concerned the use of Hampden Park. Glasgow 2014 was committed to using an existing infrastructure – nothing would be built specifically for the Games. This meant that Hampden had to be temporarily converted from a national football stadium to an international athletics venue. Because a much wider field of play was required for athletics, such a conversion would usually require the stadium to be filled with tonnes of bedrock that would be mechanically flattened and overlaid with the track. “In technical terms, it is straightforward,” Lord Smith said. “In social terms, it's not so great when your stadium is in the middle of a residential area, served by an arterial city traffic route and the impact on both residents and road users in terms of noise and volume of lorries would be enormous.” An alternative was to raise the playing surface by nearly 2m using a stilt technology never before attempted on such a scale or level of complexity. The Organising Committee could ‘play safe’ and go for the conventional option, despite it being environmentally unfriendly and likely to leave thousands of local people inconvenienced and unhappy, or risk the unknown by going for a greener, less disruptive option. “Our Games were founded on ensuring that Glaswegians felt an active and important part of the Games and so there was only one decision we could make,” Lord Smith said. The approach worked well and the 'Glasgow Solution' is now opening doors to developing nations bidding for big athletics events when they do not have permanent athletics venues. Another difficult decision concerned the Red Road flats. It was announced that as part of the Games' Opening Ceremony, five of the six high-rise blocks would be demolished live and pictures beamed onto screens in the stadium. “The sentiments behind the idea were genuine: the blocks were empty, had been scheduled for demolition anyway and were synonymous with the downside of post-industrial Glasgow,” Lord Smith said. “The blow down was to be the symbol to the world of Glasgow moving on, shedding its 'no mean city' image. There was just one big problem – people hated the idea.” The proposal was seen as insensitive, particularly to the asylum seekers left living in the last remaining block in homes no longer seen as good enough for Glaswegians. An online petition calling for the live demolition to be stopped attracted 17,000 signatures. Again, clear values made it easier to make the right decision. “There was only one call that I, as Chairman, could make in those circumstances,” Lord Smith said. The Organising Committee listened to the protests and acted accordingly. Lord Smith's final lesson went back to Adam Smith. The economist wrote of his theory of moral sentiment: “Virtue is excellence, something uncommonly great and beautiful which rises far above what is vulgar and ordinary.” Lord Smith interpreted that as meaning if something was worth doing, it was worth doing well and in that in so doing, far greater, wider good could be generated. “Looking back on Glasgow 2014, I am proud to say that virtue was excellence,” Lord Smith said. “We did create something uncommonly great and beautiful and the Games did rise above the vulgar or ordinary.” Among Lord Smith's personal highlights were: being part of a sell-out crowd at Ibrox chanting “Uganda! Uganda!”, to cheer on the underdogs being ‘gubbed’ by Australia in the rugby sevens; hosting Prince Charles and the young Royals; and seeing young Scots at the heart of everything, from designing the Games' mascot, Clyde, to creating the official tartan. He also enjoyed thanking his home city for being an amazing host in front of a sell-out Hampden crowd and 1.5 billion people worldwide during the Closing Ceremony. Lord Smith said his greatest satisfaction is that Glasgow 2014 continues to be an enabler of extraordinary things. The legacy lives on in Glasgow through the great international sporting events that the city continues to attract and through Clyde Gateway, Glasgow's largest regeneration programme that is transforming the east end of the city. The legacy in Scotland lives on through the development of more than 150 new community sports hubs, the commitment to provide more physical education at primary and secondary schools and the creation of more volunteering and training opportunities for young people. The legacy in the Commonwealth lives on through the money raised for UNICEF through the Games, which is saving the lives of children in every region of the world. “Adam Smith was right – virtue is excellence and creates the uncommonly great and beautiful,” Lord Smith said. “I know that we in Scotland created something which changed us and left an indelible imprint on the Games, on my city, nation and the hearts of all those privileged to play a part.” Q & A Q: Can athletic and academic excellence provide inspiration for each other? A: I think there is a connection. I'd love to see more young people getting into mathematics, engineering, physics and chemistry, because it is the future. The struggle that a lot of athletes have to get fit embodies some of the qualities that you need when you're studying science. Q: I understood the NHS was anxious about the burden that the Games would place on Glasgow's health service. Were you aware of any such difficulties? A: No. At a very early stage, we had the usual outbreak of norovirus, but it didn't spread through the athletes’ village.
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