A Publication of the American Horticultural Society Volume 70, Number 1 • January 1991 $1.50 News Edition 'Made Wild by Pompous Catalogs'

fyoujust can't resist those mouth-watering photographs of the Biggest and Reddest and Earliest Yet! tomato ...Ifyou fmd yourself sending away for three hundred lily bulbs when you have no idea where you'll plant them ... When you hear your mate demanding, "What! Another check to Wayward Gardens?" ... you're in fine company with a long history. In May 1850, the Rev. Henry Ward Beecher inveighed in The Horticulturist against the proliferation of posters, seed boxes, trade cards, and catalogs with lavish illustra­ tions and outlandish promises: "We protest against floral spendthrifts," he wrote. "They will be entrapped by [impressive-sounding] names in seed stores, and made wild by pompous catalogs from florists and seedsmen." H~stories are a bit vague about who issued the first American seed catalog and when. The United States had a commercial nursery- that of William Prince, in Flushing, New York, by about 1730-and the National Agricultural Library has a 1771 list of Prince plants. Seeds, however, were obtained from abroad or through personal swaps until the 1780s, when the first commercial seed companies were established by Philadelphian David Landreth and New Yorker Grant Thornburn. By 1790, the Shakers had begun to make high-quality seeds available to merchants; they developed the small seed packet, which made the purchase of fresh seed practical for the home gardener with only a small plot. Judith Ho, curator of manuscripts and rare books at the National Agricultural Library, says English nurseryman Thomas Furber was producing a commercial, color-illustrated seed catalog prior to 1824. Other growers quickly followed suit. Robert Becker, of the New York State Agricultural Experiment Station in Geneva, says the first, very plain, American mail­ order catalogs probably appeared between 1825 and 1830.

1991 Seed Program Catalog Enclosed!

In This Issue

The Catalog Tradition 1 Making a Difference 6 Members' Forum . . . . 13 New Plants for '91 3 Regional Notes 8 Gardeners' Bookshelf 14 FloraStar Winners 4 Gardeners' Q&A 10SC Gardeners'Dateline 16 Devious Drainage 5 AHS Bulletin Board .. 12 Classifieds . . ... 18

1991 Annual Meeting Program Enclosed! An alternative to the mail-order American catalog, beginning in the 1840s, was the nurseryman's sample book. The Horticultural Society University of Delaware Library has nursery sample books dating from the The American Horticultural Society seeks mid-19th century to the first decade of to promote and recognize excellence the 20th. They contain watercolor and in horticulture across America. stencil paintings, hand-colored lithographs, chromolithographs, and OFFICERS 1990-1991 photographic plates illustrating fruits, Mr. George C. Ball Jr., West Chicago, IL flowers, shrubs, and trees. Many of the President plates were created by lithographers Mrs. Helen Fulcher waJutes, Mount Vernon, VA and publishers in Rochester, New York, First Vice President which was an early center of horticultural Mr. Richard C. Angino, Harrisburg, PA Second Vice President publishing and illustration because so Mr. Elvin McDonald, Brooklyn, NY many nurseries were located there. Secretary The work of Roosier John Prestele was Mrs. Jane N. Scarff, New Carlisle, OH also in great demand, according to Ro. Treasurer From a catalog of these prints, Mrs. carolyn Marsh Lindsay, Rochester, NY nurserymen would choose those that Immediate Past President best represented their stock, bind them in leather, stamp their name on the BOARD OF DIRECTORS cover, and send them out into the world Mrs. Suzanne Bales, Oyster Bay, NY with their traveling salesmen. Dr. William E. Barrick, Pine Mountain, GA Dr. Sherran Blair, Columbus, OH But catalogs were certainly cheaper onions the size of bowling balls. Much Mrs. Mary Katherine Blount, to produce in quantity, and they began as today, many of them touted "new" Montgomery, AL to catch up with the sample books as and "novelty" items. Mrs. Sarah Boasberg, Washington, DC works of art. Before 1870, a catalog By the 1880s, says Ro, "there had Dr. Henry Marc Cathey, Washington, DC might have only one drawing, says Ro. been an explosion" of elaborate, Mr. Russell B. Clark, Boston, MA "Soon after the Civil War," says Patricia brightly colored illustrations. Becker Mrs. Ann Lyon Crammond, Atlanta, GA M. Tice in Gardening in America, 1830· calls the period from 1890 into the Mrs. Beverley White Dunn, 1910, "chromolithographed images were early years of the 20th century the gold­ Birmingham, AL Mr. K. Albert Ebinger, Boxford, MA regular feature$ of the seed catalog, and en age of seed catalog art. ''For rural Mr. Gerald T. Halpin, Alexandria, VA many customers cheered a winter's day by Americans living isolated lives in the Mrs. Julia Hobart, Troy, OH leafing through its brightly colored pages." days before the telephone, radio, and Dr. Joseph E. Howland, Renp, NV Today's catalog copywriters and television," he says, "the annual arrival Mr. David M. Lilly, Saint Paul, MN photographers are the very soul of of seed catalogs with their tempting Mr. Everitt Miller, Kennett Square, PA restraint compared to some of the illustrations of the newest cultivars Mrs. Flavia Redelmeier, horticultural hucksters of a century was awaited eagerly each year." Richmond Hill, ON, Canada ago. Becker describes drawings from Color had become so expected, writes Mr. Andre Viette, Fishersville, VA Maule's Catalogue ofthe 1880s that Tice, that when the D. M. Ferry Co. Mrs. Jean Verity Woodhull, Dayton, OH show an onion six inches in diameter issued an all black-and-white catalog and a head of cauliflower filling a chair. EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR in 1886, they felt compelled to offer an Mr. Frank L. Robinson Another shows several men harvesting explanation. "... ifit seems lacking in brilliantly colored plates of impossible vegetables and glowing descriptions of AMERICAN HORTICULTURIST the superlative excellence of new sorts EDITOR : Kathleen Fisher ASSISTANT EDITORS: which are meant to revolutionize Thomas M. Barrett, Mary Beth Wiesner garden practice, it is because our aim EDITORIAL ASSISTANT: Martha Palermo has been to give in its pages informa­ MEMBERSHIP DIRECTOR: tion which will enable our readers to Kathleen B. Amberger have a good garden rather than to ADVERTISING: American Horticultural tempt them to purchase at exorbitant Society Advertising Department, 2700 prices a few seeds of some untried Prosperity Avenue, Fairfax, VA 22031. Phone novelty liable at least to result in (703) 204·4636. failure and disappointment." Address all editorial correspondence to: The Editor, American HorticultUrist, American Horticultural You will find no "brilliantly colored Soclety,7931 East Boulevard Drive, Alexandria, VA plates" in the enclosed AHS Seed 22308. AMERICAN HORTICULTURIST, ISSN 0096·4417, is published by the American Horticultural Society. 7931 Catalog. We do hope that you will fmd East Boulevard Drive. Alexandria, VA 22308, (703) 768· some novelty and a minimum of 5700, and is issued six times a year as a magazine and six times a year as a News Edition. The American disappointment. Horticultural Society is a nonprofit organization devoted to excellence in horticulture. Botanical nomenclature in AMERICAN HORTICULTURIST is based 0n HORTUS THIRD. National membership dues are $35; two years Catalog illustrations courtesy of the Na­ are $60 . Foreign dues are $45. $12 of dues are tional Agricultural Library, Special Col­ designated for AMERICAN HORTICULTURIST. Copyright © 1991 by the American Horticultural Society. Second· lections, Seed Trade Catalog Collection; class postage paid at Alexandria, Virginia, and at addition· Judith J. Bo, curator of manuscripts al mailing offices. Postmaster: Please send Form 3579 to AMERICAN HORTICULTURIST, 7931 East Boulevard and rare books. The collection contains Drive, Alexandria, VA 22308. more than 150,000 catalogs.

2. American Horticulturist • January 1991 New! Improved! Colorful! Small!

The magic word in the catalogs of 'Fair', an orange; 'Montreux', a pink; yesteryear seemed to be ''big.'' Today, and 'Symphony', a golden yellow; and a while we may want clematis the size Before You Buy daphne, 'Eximea', a dwarf with deep of dinner plates and pumpkins big pink, fragrant flowers. enough to transport Cinderella, An 1888 Burpee catalog described New to Klehm Nursery's ''Estate "dwarfer" plants are in demand by city what it called a 'Faultless Early' Peonies"-those introduced by the Klehm dwellers who lack room for sprawling tomato thusly: "After two years' family-are the pink and cream 'Pink annuals or squash vines. But other­ impartial trials we cannot recom­ Parasol Surprise', whose center petals wise, little has changed. Ornamentals mend this new variety. It is very pop out of the middle of the flower like an are still getting hardier, vegetables are early, but far from faultless,-nearly umbrella, and 'Cheddar Charm', whose still getting earlier, and both are all the fruits being rough; in color it cheese-colored center is more prominent becoming more colorful. Growers are is bright red. Per. pkt S cts.; oz. 20 than its petals. They are also offering "the still seeking a true blue rose or daylily. cts.; 1/4 lb. 60 cts.; per lb. $2.00." only hosta with a valid plant patent," In the meantime, orange geraniums, Refreshing honesty? Clever 'Solar Flare', bred by Henry Ross of white lavenders, purple peppers, and gimic? Whichever, you're not likely Cleveland. Its mint green foliage changes red "greens" will have to do. to see such a description in most to chartreuse gold in summer. If you haven't succumbed yet this catalogs. For one thing, there are Monrovia Nursery, through local winter to Catalog Offering Fever, here's too many wonderful plants available nurseries and other distributors, will a sampling of the press releases that to offer anything substandard. offer golden Japanese forest grass crossed our desks this fall: Nevertheless, as you wade through (Hakonechloa macra 'Aureola'), an the adjectives, a bit of caveat emptor is in order. A plant may be "new" to a particular company, but it may not be new to the market, and it may not be exclusive to that catalog. Shop around. (Comparison shopping is difficult when catalogs don't use botanical names; ask for them!) Compare the catalog's descriptions with those of more dispassionate garden references. Don't be bowled over by gloss; some of the best catalogs for unusual plants, or a wide selection of one type of plant, can be scruffy Klehm's 'Pink Parasol Surprise'. little brochures with nary a single White Flower's 'Montreux' lily. scrumptious photo. You may find such unknown gems Ornamentals among our classified and display 18-inch-tall ornamental grass that advertisers. Local botanical gardens becomes more intensely colored in light Park Seed is selling a yellow amaryllis, or gardening clubs will know of shade; and 'Island Sunset' fuchsia, 'Yellow Pioneer', said to offer, in addition regional sources-with plants likely which has multicolored foliage and is to its unusual color, a small size that to feel at home in your garden-and hardy to O' F. keeps it from flopping over when grown the specialty plant societies can tell Wayside Gardens offers two new in a pot, and a tendency to produce you where to find the best selection clematis: 'Pink Champagne', a hybrid numerous side shoots if left undisturbed of irises, for example, or orchids. A related to the Manchurian native in a Southern garden. Yellow seems to be great reference for finding plant Clematis patens, and 'Polish Spirit', Park's color this year: it is also touting a sources is Gardening by Mail by which is purple blue with large red yellow gaillardia-Gaillardia pulchella Barbara J. Barton (available to AHS centers; both were introduced by 'Yellow Sun'-a dwarf said to tolerate members for $16.90 including Englishman Raymond Evison. Also heat, drought, and poor soil. postage, order code #HOUSOS). And from Wayside, a bright pink, "neat" Stokes Seeds is claiming new color of course, you can always call the spreading geranium hybrid, named twists to several annual standbys: a AHS Gardeners' Information Service 'John Elsley' by Alan Bloom to honor white ageratum ('Hawaiian White'); toll-free at (800) 777-7931, between Wayside's director of horticulture; and alyssums called 'Red Basket' and 11 a.m. and 3 p.m. EST. Finding plant an "extremely hardy" crimson rugosa 'Creamy Yellow Basket'; and 'Orange sources for members is one of the rose, 'Linda Campbell', named by Appeal', a "true orange" pelargonium things we do best. California breeder Ralph Moore for a that can be grown from seed. Read guarantees carefully. Most Denver, Colorado, rosarian. White lavender may seem like an nurseries stand firmly behind their oxymoron, but White Flower Farm products; some will replace them Vegetables says it has an exclusive this year on with no questions asked up to a Lauandula angustifolia 'Alba', a pure year later if you're not satisfied. Not Among lettuces, even icebergs have white form of English lavender. They every nursery can afford to be taken on color this year. Johnny's also have eleven new brightly colored quite so generous, but expect Selected Seeds offers 'Cerise', with Asiatic lilies from Holland, including some type of guarantee, and use it. "medium green outer leaves heavily

American Horticulturist • January 1991 .3 and 'Marketmore 86' is a later-maturing, open-pollinated variety. It's no longer enough for your corn to be super sweet. Now the rage is bicolor corn, and you can get both in 'Pilot' from Johnny's and 'Lancelot', 'Sweetheart', or 'Polar Super Sweet' from Stokes. If all that color isn't enough for you, try Shepherd's "pinky orange" 'Honeybunch' mini-butternut squash; Petoseed's 'Gallicum'melon, whose rind signals its ripeness by turning greenish yellow; or from Pinetree, a purple kohlrabi (,Kolibri'), a white asparagus ('Larac'), or a stringless French green bean with purple stripes ('Coktel'). (Petoseed, like Monrovia, is a wholesaler, so look for its cultivars in other catalogs.) Stokes's Earlibird peppers. Park's 'Yellow Canary' tomato.

overladen with red"; Stokes offers a "red head" called 'Etna' and a leaf FloraStar Judges Pick Six Winners lettuce, 'Red Fire', that it says is even more eye-popping than the popular Most gardeners are familiar with AlI­ 'Red Sails'. Pinetree Garden Seeds has America Selections, a nearly 60-year­ a "dynamic" red Batavia lettuce, old competition among new cultivars 'Sierra', and a bronze red cos, or grown from seed. romaine, lettuce called 'Cimmaron' that A newcomer to the plant competition reportedly dates back to the 18th world is FloraStar, a trialing competition century; the seeds were recently for container plants propagated rediscovered in a warehouse. vegetatively. Its first trials were held in Color is hot in peppers, too. Petoseed the spring of 1989. As with the AAS has 'Purple Beauty', with thick walls trials, new introductions are compared and a shape like that of other bell to an already available variety over peppers. Stokes lists bell peppers in which the breeder claims his or her cream ('Dove'), blue (,Blue Jay'), and cultivar is an improvement. black ('Black Bird') in its Earlibird The trials are conducted at 18 sites Streptocarpus 'Thalia'. series. Johnny's Selected Seeds has across the United States. Here are the 'Secret' with purple skin and green most recent winners: flesh. Tomato Growers Supply offers .. Eustoma 'Blue Lisa' from .. Kalanchoe 'Majestic' impressed ornamental chili peppers in two new PanAmerican Seed is said to bloom judges with its abundant, bright red colors developed by New Mexico State significantly earlier than its competi­ flowers; compact, basal branching; and University: 'Numex Sunrise' is bright tion and not require pinching. It grows disease-free foliage. It grows to seven yellow and 'Numex Sunset'is orange. up to a foot tall and eight inches wide inches tall and spreads to 10 inches. No purple tomatoes, but 'Yellow with deep blue, bowl-shaped flowers 'Majestic' was bred for Mikkelsen's, Pear' describes the color and shape of and gray green lanceolate leaves. 'Blue Inc., by Lyndon Drewlow. an offering from Johnny's Selected Lisa' was bred for PanAmerican by .. Streptocarpus 'Thalia'. Mikkelsen's Seeds, and Park has container-size, Claude Hope of Linda Vista in Cartago, and Drewlow had another winner in cherry tomatoes in two colors, 'Red Costa Rica. this Streptocarpus, which judges said Robin' and 'Yellow Canary'. It's small was covered almost continuously with that's really big in tomatoes, and its ruffled white flowers with a red­ Shepherd's Garden Seeds has a new streaked throat. It is a compact grower Chinese hybrid, 'Ruby Pearl', that that performs well in low light and produces ruby red fruit described as high temperatures, and should do well the size of a grape. Tomato Growers in shady gardens or bright windows. Supply offers a lot of tomatoes, of FloraStar will hold two competitions course, including the new 'Micro Tom annually, one for fall nursery crops and Tomato', said to be the world's small­ one for those produced in spring. Its est, capable of growing in a three-inch very first winners, chosen from the pot and producing tomatoes the size of spring 1989 trials, were three a salad crouton. geraniums bred by Bodger Seeds, Ltd., Cucumbers are remaining green, which calls these pelargoniums perhaps greener. Stokes has two new "floribunda" geraniums. They are introductions, developed by Dr. Henry interspecific crosses between zonal Munger of Cornell University, which geraniums and other species, and are contain a uniform green gene that said to combine a bushy habit, showy eliminates "yellow belly"-a discoloration blooms, and heat tolerance. 'Marilyn'is that occurs where cucumbers touch the bright pink, 'Judy' is coral, and 'Grace' ground. 'Comet II' is an early hybrid Eustoma 'Blue Lisa'. is pale pink.

4 .. American Horticulturist • January 1991 Shuck Those Shards, Pitch Those 'Peanuts'

If there is anything at the bottom of Nursery professionals don't use these hardpan, the column of drainage for your plant pots besides the growing things in their containers, she notes, your plants is continuous and water medium and perhaps a piece of screen for good reason. When you plant eventually drains away from their covering the drainage hole--Iook out directly in the ground, unless you have roots. In a container, the column of soil for the Potshardbusters. or other medium ends at the bottom of That's what Bonnie Appleton, the pot, and any excess water will form extension nursery specialist with the a perched or standing water table in Virginia Cooperative Extension And Outdoors... the bottom. The shallower the pot, the Service, calls her campaign to give shallower the column of well-drained container plants some breathing space. When two different soils are medium for roots. Putting pebbles or In a recent issue of Quill and Trowel, brought together in the garden, it shards in the pot makes the container the newsletter of the Garden Writers creates a situation very similar to just that much shallower. You can Association of America, Appleton called the shallow plant container. If a tree demonstrate this with a kitchen on fellow gardening communicators to or shrub grown in a lightweight mix sponge, says Appleton. Soak the sponge spread the word that pieces of broken is planted in a heavy clay soil, or and set it on edge horizontally in a clay pots, pebbles, or Styrofoam sod in heavy soil is placed on a shallow tray, letting the water drain peanuts in the bottom of plant pots do lighter soil, it creates a soil interface out. When it stops draining, the level not prevent plants from becoming where water builds up, notes Linn of the water in the tray is the perched waterlogged, but just the opposite. "I Mills, a horticultural specialist for water level. Now stand the sponge on guess I'd gotten complacent and Nevada Cooperative Extension. The edge vertically, so that it forms a taller decided that we'd finally gotten the plant looks thirsty so the gardener column. More water will drain out, but word out," Appleton wrote. "But I guess waters it more. The soil sours and the perched line will form at the same not when I see their use described and the plant starves from lack of height as before. (Container diameter illustrated in a brand new book from oxygen. The solution is vertical has no effect on drainage.) one of our major home horticulture mulching: around trees and shrubs, Overwatering a containerized plant publishers. Or when I'm sent samples several two- to three-inch-diameter decreases the amount of oxygen of what look like giant Brillo pads with holes drilled through the soil layers diffusing into the root system. The instructions that say these pads should and filled with organic matter or soil amount of carbon dioxide, which is be put in the bottom instead of shards mix will create a porous channel produced by the living roots and to 'help protect against overwatering' where water can move through bacteria and fungi in the mix, and 'keep your plant's roots from these impermeable layers. increases and can eventually cause drowning.''' roots to deteriorate. If you must use a shallow pot, some compensation can be made by using a soil mix with large Gypsum Lowdown spaces or pores between particles. Appleton concedes that exceptions to Some gardeners routinely add gypsum to If you are using gypsum just to this no-shards rule can be made when a clay soils in an effort to improve drain­ reduce your soil's sodium content, it pot has no drainage holes. Otherwise, age, but they may be doing more harm should be added to the top two inches she writes, "Leave the clay pots in one than good if their soil is high in calcium. of soil, where most of the sodium is. piece, the pebbles on the beach, the Nevada Cooperative Extension Hor­ If your problem is heavy clay soil Styrofoam peanuts for packing ticulture Specialist Linn Mills, writing that does not contain excess sodium, Christmas presents, and your money in in Southwest Lawn and Landscape, the best solution is to forget gypsum your wallet when you pass the root says that gypsum, or calcium sulfate, and add a lot of organic matter. protector cushions in the garden center." can indeed work wonders. When used on clay soils low in calcium, it not only improves tilth, but helps to remove Year Round Hibiscus sodium that is toxic to plants. The calcium in the gypsum "bumps" sodium The hibiscus that is usually associated Water them about three times a week off the clay particles, giving them the with Hawaii and other tropical areas can and don't let them stand in water for capacity to form aggregates with other adapt to house plant conditions with a lit­ more than half an hour at any time. particles. She compares the resulting tle extra care, says Dr. Ray Rothenberger, When the tropical hibiscus are moved aggregates to popcorn balls, with large chairman ofthe University of Missouri­ outdoors in late spring, they will need spaces between particles that allow the Columbia's horticulture department. to be pruned to keep them in the bounds movement of air and water. The The hibiscus seen in Hawaii are of the container. If oversized, they can be sodium, now a free agent, is picked up usually Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, a native pruned again in late summer before by the sulfate and forms water-soluble of China, or a hybrid of the Chinese being brought back inside. sodium sulfate, which water will carry species and a Hawaiian native. Container-grown hibiscus will need where it can do no harm, down below When these tropical plants are potted more fertilizer than those growing in the plants'root zone. in well-drained soil and placed in a the garden. Soluble house plant However, if salty soil is high in bright, sunny window, they can produce fertilizers will work well; during rapid calcium, no such reaction can occur, and flowers throughout much ofthe winter. growth and flowering in summer, apply the soil will just become saltier. If you They'll need a lot of moisture, Rothen­ fertilizer every two weeks; in winter, want to reduce the sodium in such soil, berger says, but you should also take care during less vigorous growth, apply add straight sulfur instead, she advises. that they don't become waterlogged. every three to four weeks.

American Horticulturist· J anuary 1991 .. 5 'Staying Broke' In Tamara's Name

for History The tragic death three years ago of Joseph H. Mondello's sister-in-law and One rainy day in 1974, Elizabeth (Lib) her infant daughter, Tamara, were the Kerr took a stroll through historic inspiration for a program that today is Alexandria, Virginia, looking for a new bringing the twin joys of nature and project for the Garden Club of Alexandria, culture to terminally ill New Yorkers. of which she was civic chainnan. Her The mother and daughter died of walk took her by the Lee-Fendall House, AIDS after a transfusion during home to generations ofVrrginia's famous Tamara's birth. Mondello and his Lees from 1785 to 1903. It had recently friend Bruce Detrick started the been opened to the public by the Vrrginia Tamarand Foundation to establish Trust for Historic Preservation as a pocket gardens in or adjacent to shrine to Light-Horse Harry Lee, father medical facilities for children, adults, of Robert E. Lee. The house had been or families affected by AIDS. Mobile vacant for four years and its grounds, patients come outside to the garden, recalls Kerr, ''were the biggest mess I where singers, dancers, clowns, or had ever seen," clogged with underbrush, puppeteers may perform. Volunteers weeds, overgrown shrubs, and debris. bring plants, music, and laughter Turning this wretched site into a Above: The crumbling privy before restora­ inside to those who are bedridden. garden would be too much for anyone tion. Below: The Lee-Fendall garden today. ''We were struck by seeing what a club, Kerr decided. She and fellow club closed-in environment hospitals are," member Gloria Houser called together recalled Mondello. "We wanted to give the Alexandria Council of Garden people a chance to be outdoors or at least Clubs, a consortium of 17 clubs formed to plant something. That's very powerful in the early 1960s. Members agreed to -having the chance to nurture a new life." restore the half-acre site and to Seven gardens have been or are being establish an endowment fund to main­ built on rooftops or in back yards that tain it. It would be a living classroom were before only concrete, or in former to teach visitors about historic gardens. green spaces that had become Records showed there had been no neglected. The foundation puts the formal garden-just a barn, rabbit medical facilities in touch with sources hutch, and privy. Three students in a of material and talent and financial landscape architecture class at George support. Landscape designers and Washington University drafted a plan. architects, horticulturists, and Letters and speeches brought labor performers of all types donate their and materials from the city, local Boy time; nurseries donate plants. Scouts-who helped haul off five truck­ One volunteer and board member, loads of debris and tear down an old Kevin Shank, wrote in the Tamarand garage-and nearby nurseries. Money Foundation newsletter of Felix, an AIDS came in from annual garden tours: patient who fought severe infections for then-First Lady Betty Ford was more than a year. When Shank helped honorary chairman and opened her Felix plant paper-white narcissus, Felix Alexandria garden for the first one in was suddenly animated, asking when 1976. Kerr and other members dug and the onionlike bulbs would produce sold plants from their back yards. donations. "Stay broke," she adds. flowers and what they would look and From donations of $1 per brick, a wall "Never have a nickel because no one smell like. After showing offhis garden was erected. Walks were built; herbs, will give money to you if you have any." to nurses and doctors, Felix got back into old roses, perennials, and shade-loving This fall, when an endowment of bed and died peacefully a few hours shrubs planted; and the privy restored. $28,000 to maintain the garden was later. "His last act on earth had been Preservation rules prevented the privy presented to the Virginia Trust for simple and positive," Shank wrote. "I from being altered. The resourceful Historic Preservation, a pink dogwood realize now that I gave Felix the greatest group made it a storage shed. The space was planted in the garden to honor Lib gift-that ofloving himself at the very where the garage formerly stood became Kerr, now 84. In October, she received moment of his death." Shank himself lucrative parking spaces. Kerr advises the Zone 7 Horticultural Award ofthe died of AIDS last April. others who want to create a public Garden Club of America for "combining garden from nothing to start with a good, dedication, intelligence, and charm clear plan, then to write funding sources with her deep devotion to plants that Contact the Tamarand Foundation, annually describing what has been done has embellished her environment and Inc., C 1990, 202 Riverside Drive 7D, and what will be done with the next the lives of her friends." New York, NY 10025, (212) 864-4245.

6. American Horticulturist· January 1991 'Prodding' for Trees and Birds Choose from over 1500 useful plant varieties in our mail M. F. DeMott's calling card reads "Plant catalog. Extensive collections of Rhododendrons, Azaleas, a tree today-Breathe tomorrow." The octogenarian has been living this motto Conifers, Perennials, hardy Camellias, Kalmias, .r-«~~Irl most of his life. DeMott is a native of rare shrubs and trees and much, much more. Clinton, New Jersey, which through his Send $2.00 for our descriptive mail order catalog to: efforts was named a Tree City by the National Arbor Day Foundation. The Roslyn Nursery Tree City program helps communities 211 Burrs Lane, Dept. L plant, protect, and manage urban forests. After retiring in 1972, DeMott moved Dix Hills, NY 11746 his environmental efforts to Mount (516)-643-9347 Dora, Florida. "It took several years to just get recognized, but after a few years and no longer being considered a 'damn Yankee' things began to fall into place." He recently helped add Mount Dora to the Tree City list. To qualify as a Tree City, towns must TRAVEUSTUDY TRIPS comply with four regulations set by the FOR THE AHS GARDENER National Arbor Day Foundation: estab­ lish a tree board to plan and monitor a community forestry program; pass laws relating to the care of public trees; MARCH 1-14, 1991 spend a minimum of $2 per capita on NATURAL GARDENS OF PANAMA AND COSTA RICA public tree care; and observe Arbor Day. Join long-time AHS member Claude Hope on board the Yorktown Clipper on an Currently there are 1,222 Tree Cities in extraordinary explora~on voyage beginning in Panama City, Panama, and concluding in San Jose, Costa Rica. Explore the Caribbean coast of Panama, including the San 47 states plus the District of Columbia. Bias Islands. Adaylight transit of the Panama Canal brings us to the Pacific coast of DeMott was also instrumental in Costa Rica with its horocultural treasures coveted by botanists the world over. Explore = having Tangerine, Florida, declared a quiet tropical rivers, major archaeological sites, cloud forests, volcanoes, and rain bird sanctuary in the late 1970s. forest canopies brimming with orchids. Mr. Hope invites us for a special visit to Linda Tangerine, encompassing nine square Vista, a 200-acre flower seed farm that he established at Cartago, Costa Rica. If you ~ miles in northwest Florida, is an unin­ have ever planted petunias or impatiens in your garden, they were most likely from corporated platted township. According seed originated at Linda Vista. to Gordon Colley, past president of the Leonard HaertterTravel Company, 7922 BonhommeAverue, Saini Louis. MO 63105, (800) 942-6666. (314) 721· 6200 On Missouri) Tangerine Improvement Society, DeMott "kept prodding" until the farming APRIL 21-28,1991 community received its designation. GARDENS OF THE MISSISSIPPI The National Council of State Garden Experience the grandeur of the Mississippi from New Orleans to Memphis on board Clubs sponsors the bird sanctuary the Mississippi Queen. Ports of call along the river include Houmas House, Saint program and has put together a packet Francisville, Natchez, Vicksburg, and Greenville. Experience true Southern of information for those wanting to hospitality as AHS members and friends along the river open their homes and declare their town a sanctuary. Basic gardens for this horticultural adventure. requirements include the availability of Leonard Haertter Travel Company clean water for birds to bathe in and MAY 12-23,1991 drink, suitable feeding trays or sta­ ENGLISH COUNTRYSIDE GARDENS tions, nesting spaces, and adequate AND THE CHELSEA FLOWER SHOW protection from enemies. AHS members will have the unique opportunity to meet noted horticultural author, DeMott is modest about his environ­ Rosemary Verey, and visit her home and garden-Barns ley House-during this vis~ to the rolling hills of the mental achievements. "I hope 1 have Cotswolds and Kent. The program visits include the gardens of Hidcote Manor, Sudeley Castle, Oxford, Denmans done my little bit while being here." near Arundel, Nymans Gardens, Wakehurst Place, Great Dixter, Sissinghurst Place, and Isabella Planta~on before transferring to London to enjoy the Chelsea Flower Show. Guest lecturer for this program is David Wilson, popular panelist on the BBC's series, "Gardener's Corner." The tour will be led by Elvin McDonald, noted lecturer and author and an AHS Board Member. For more information about the Tree Leonard Haertter Travel Company City program contact your state forestry office or the National Arbor JUNE 10-20,1991 Day Foundation, 100 Arbor Avenue, GARDENS OF THE SOUTHWEST: Nebraska City, NE 68410, Attn: Tree COLORADO ROCKIES AND CANYONLANDS City Information. Explore the diverse contrasts of plants from the alpine meadows of the Colorado Rockies to the desert plains To learn more about the bird of the Southwest. Explore unique, out-of-the-way parks like Arches Na~onal Park, the Goosenecks of the San sanctuary program of the National Juan River and Canyon De Chelly National Monument. See firsthand the varied use of native plants as AHS Council of State Garden Clubs write the members and friends open their gardens and homes for our special visit. council at 4401 Magnolia Avenue, Saint Leonard Haertter Travel Company Louis, MO 63110, Attn: National Bird Chairman.

American Horticulturist • January 1991 + 7 Smoother Sailing Now for AmeriFlora '92

Ever since it was announced several years ago that Columbus, Ohio, would be the site of the first internationally sanctioned floral and garden extrava­ ganza to be held in the United States, cynics have had a field day predicting that it couldn't possibly succeed. AmeriFlora '92, to be held in conjunction with the 500th anniversary of Columbus's discovery of the New World, has admittedly faced its share of problems. Residents of the gentrifYing neighborhood criticized the two-year closing of Franklin Park, where most of the festivities will take place. Columbus taxpayers feared they would foot the bill for any shortfall in the $93 million cost of the event, which will run from April 3 through October 12. Franklin Park Conservatory will be expanded by 30,000 square feet. "With any event of this kind the initial enthusiasm is very high," says continued to build when ground­ about original plans calling for a AmeriFlora Communications Manager breaking ceremonies were delayed and, tunnel to be built connecting Franklin John Lumpe. "Then as people consider although engineers were at work Park with nearby Wolfe and Academy the costs and complexity involved, that surveying the site, no construction Parks. They feared that after the event enthusiasm drops low. After that drop activity could be seen. ends, the tunnel would create an the excitement begins to slowly rise. But by last fall, construction in the 100- unsafe area for neighborhood children We're on the rise now." acre park was proceeding at a furious and a harbor for drug dealers. The Shutting down Franklin Park last pace. Crews were working seven days a proposed tunnel's price tag-$4 year meant that residents lost the use week to get a jump on cold weather. million-was also a deterrent. Now of the only large, open green space in Bumpy relations with the community there will be no tunnel, only an above­ the urban area. It forced the closing of seemed smoothed over. In an agreement ground shuttle bus service. the Franklin Park Conservatory­ with the city of Columbus, AmeriFlora Taxpayers were reassured by an currently under expansion-and the built a new, $2.2 million athletic agreement between AmeriFlora and local soccer fields, athletic complex, and complex at adjacent Academy Park to city, county, state, and federal a children's performing arts complex replace the one closed during construc­ governments that organizers cannot housed on the grounds. Tensions tion. With all new equipment, the new ask governments for more than the facility has seen $33.7 million that has already been greater use than allocated. And many of the features the former being built for the event will remain for building. Ameri­ area citizens to enjoy when AmeriFlora Flora also placed closes its gates. lights on the An existing lake has been expanded baseball field at and linked with a new lake by a water­ nearby Driving way and cascade constructed with Park and graded Wisconsin limestone. New pedestrian an existing soccer bridges have also been added. field in Nelson Construction has begun on the Park. And a local Discovery Pavilion, which will feature resident recom­ hands-on exhibits on the technology mended by the and science of horticulture. Exhibits community has will be developed by the city's Center of been named to a Science and Industry (COSI) and the subcommittee of Ohio State University. When the AmeriFlora AmeriFlora ends in October 1992, the management exhibits will be added to the COSI committee. museum collection downtown and the Residents had Discovery Pavilion will be moved to The Discovery Pavilion will feature hands-on horticultural exhibits. also been concerned OSD's Chadwick Arboretum.

8. American Horticulturist • January 1991 A nearly finished amphitheater to addition, multilevel buildings will dollars, time, and materials; and the west of the old athletic complex, house an exhibit hall with historic sponsorship of official wares that may with seats for 2,000 and grass seating pictures and a boutique. range from lawn and garden equipment, for another 1,000, will be used for American gardening will be repre­ plants, seeds, and grass to beverages ongoing performances of music, dance, sented in a number of ways. Various and cars. Without recruiting, Ameri­ and magic. The athletic complex will be environments-from a New England Flora has already lined up more than revamped to house the food court. After bog to a Midwestern prairie-will be re­ 1,000 volunteers. AmeriFlora, the building will be used created in the American Enchantment Operating revenues-ticket sales, for park programs. Garden. Display space will be provided concession operations, food courts, A house built for the park caretaker in for individual plant societies. Many garden marketplace sales, and sales of the 1920s had been leased as a residence national organizations-including the the official AmeriFlora magazine and by the city and was essentially American Horticultural Society-plan T-shirts and sweatshirts- are expected abandoned in recent months. Now it will to hold their 1992 annual meetings in to bring in another $38.1 million be renovated and landscaped as an idea Columbus. Promoters are expecting toward the projected $93 million cost. garden for homeowners. Three addition­ anywhere between 2.6 million and 4.6 This is a relatively low budget for such al full-size houses of different styles will million visitors, and residents of a project; the 1986 World's Fair in be built in the area and landscaped Columbus as well as the surrounding Vancouver, British Columbia, amassed appropriately. The caretaker's house will communities of Bexley, Dublin, Gahan­ expenses over $1 billion. Since weather remain on the property; the other houses na, Grove City, Lancaster, and Wester­ conditions are the unpredictable factor will be moved and either sold or donated ville are developing "host community here, officials have based their to charity. gardens" to draw visitors to their own projected operating income on the Whether the event will be a hit parks and community spaces. These lowest attendance figures. Any remain­ horticulturally is still anyone's guess at plans range from window boxes planted ing profits will be placed in an endow­ this point. However, eight nations have in commercial areas to formal gardens. ment fund for future maintenance of already committed to creating garden In the Bexley area, just east of Franklin Franklin Park. spaces within the park. Japan plans to Park, officials planted a city bridge with The event will encompass the United create the only authentic Japanese boxes of flowers last summer in prepara­ States' first internationally sanctioned garden in the United States outside the tion for the 1992 event. floriculture and garden design Pacific Northwest. Plans for the In addition to the $33.7 million in competition, April 3 through April 19, Monaco exhibit call for re-creating the government fimding, AmeriFlora expects 1992, at the Ohio Center in downtown historic district surrounding the to raise $21.2 million through private Columbus. The outdoor garden prince's palace, complete with gardens, donations: corporate sponsorships; exposition begins April 20. walkways, and a wishing well. In individual and business donations of - Mary Beth Wiesner

cactus (Carnegiea gigantea). Bat News from But in many cases, the bats are "iil also endangered. "Bats are Toledo ..,§ virtually defenseless, and large E colonies make easy targets," The Toledo Botanical Garden has gone .s says BCl. "Many bats require to bat for that much maligned flying .s large numbers for successful mammal. This summer, they installed rearing of young, and most five bat houses in the garden, and in produce only one pup per year." November, offered classes in construct­ BCI, established in 1982 by ing such shelters. Why would anyone ecologist Dr. Merlin D. Tuttle, want bats in their garden? . now has 10,000 members. For one thing, they provide a great Halle Bruening, director of biological control: a single gray bat can development and community consume as many as 3,000 insects in relations for the Toledo garden, one night. A brown bat, one of North said the bat house classes were America's most common species, can well attended and no one has devour 600 mosquitoes in an hour. A pallid bat in flight with a katydid. In the American shown'any negative reaction to They are also fascinating creatures, ac­ West, they even eat scorpions. the idea of bats inhabiting the cording to Bat Conservation International, garden. Of course, there are no headquartered in Austin, Texas, and do they control mosquitoes and crop bats as yet: it usually takes 18 months much of what we believe about them is pests, but fruit-eating bats help to two years before bats move into a false. They are not blind, but navigate disperse seeds, and bats are essential newly built house. ''The houses are using echoes, just as dolphins do. If you for the pollination of many tropical, pretty unobtrusive," said Bruening, toss a rock into the air when they are subtropical, and night-blooming plants. ''Most people probably don't even notice flying by on a summer night, they may Many rain forest plants rely on bats for them." swoop down to inspect it. They are not pollination and dispersal. East Africa's dirty, have no interest in peoples' hair, giant baobab, called "the tree of life" are not aggressive, and only one-half of because so many other plants and To obtain bat house plans or inquire one percent contract rabies: only 10 per­ animals depend on it for survival, about membership, contact Bat sons in the United States and Canada depends on bats for its own, because its Conservation International at PO, Box are believed to have gotten rabies from showy white flowers are open only at 162603, Austin, TX 78716, or call (512) bats in the past four decades. night. In the Sonoran Desert of the 327-9721. BCI literature notes that bats playa American Southwest, bats are crucial crucial role in the ecosystem. Not only to the century plant and the giant Regional Notes continued on page 10

American Horticulturist • J anuary 1991 • 9 Regional Notes, continued from page 9

Precious Prairie

The Chicago Botanic Garden has given a new twist to rescuing plant life from developers. They have saved not flowers, but 80 cubic yards of prairie soil that they hope will contain microorganisms, seeds, and roots not found in the disturbed soil of the botanical garden itself. David Sollenberger, the garden's naturalist, said he had hoped to halt the entire upper-income, residential development, being built in Chicago's Highland Park suburb on prairie land that had gone undisturbed for hundreds of years. Although that did not occur, 30 acres will remain a preserve, and the developers, Red Seal Development Corp. and Jacobs Homes, Inc., donated topsoil to the botanical garden and transported four truck­ On January 28, Descanso Gardens in LaCanada Flintridge, California, will dedicate a loads of it at their own expense. $390,000 lake project. To create the one-and-a-half-acre lake and environs, which will be Garden personnel prepared the soil's landscaped to offer sanctuary to birds and other wildlife, two existing ponds were joined new home in a day so that any roots in it and 120 tons of granite boulders installed to form a waterfall. Landscaping will include would not dry out. They spread the top two large willows overhanging the water and native plants and Australian shrubs that will six inches of soil from the development regrow quickly if visiting birds damage them. Almost all of the funding for the project, three inches deep in an area where all except for a $70,000 matching grant from Los Angeles County, came from the Descanso existing plant life had been killed by Gardens Guild. Above, project cochairs Bill Beggs and Nancy Dunn discuss the lake herbicides. Then they destroyed project while it is still under construction. buckthorn, a non-native that invades unmanaged prairies, carefully tilled 1982, and a large resort and con­ and smoothed the soil, and spread two dominium development was proposed Wildflower Center inches ofleafmulch on top of it. for the remaining land. That plan was After only a month, they are seeing withdrawn in the face of local opposi­ in Minnesota sprouts of prairie dock, golden tion, and the gardens' directors, staff, Alexanders, big bluestem grass, and supporters have spent the past The National Wildflower Research nodding wild onion, and a plant they four years working to make the gar­ Center has opened its first regional believe to be glaucous white lettuce. dens whole again. They have now com­ office. The office, at the University of Sollenberger said wild species unable pleted a $50,000 restoration plan with Minnesota Landscape Arboretum near to grow in the heavily worked soil of a grant from the coastal conservancy. Minneapolis, will serve Minnesota, the botanical garden may also colonize Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, the site. "This restoration technique is Wisconsin, Missouri, Oklahoma, unique," he said, "and will undoubtedly Kansas, Nebraska, North Dakota, and be of interest to other institutions Urban Hort in Virginia South Dakota. Plans for the first year involved in prairie restoration." include establishing a slide and book A six-acre Urban Horticulture Center library, developing landscaping fact is being established at Virginia sheets for the public, establishing Polytechnic Institute and State relationships with native plant Mendocino Garden University in Blacksburg. The center societies, and holding a regional will provide space for a wide range of conference. Quadruples research and educational activities for The National Wildflower Research several university departments. One Center was established in 1982 in The Mendocino Coast Botanical section will be a production nursery Austin, Texas, by former first lady, Gardens has increased in size from where students will learn to grow and Lady Bird Johnson, to conduct twelve to 47 acres with the agreement harvest plants and replant them as research on native plants and promote of the California State Coastal part of the university's arboretum, and their use in the landscape. Conservancy to spend $2 million to another will be used to evaluate new purchase an additional 35-acre parcel. cultivars oflandscape plants. This will restore the gardens to their Other projects will relate to cost-effec­ The address of the new office is National original size. They were founded in 1961 tive planting and maintenance ofland­ Wildflower Research Center, Midwest by Ernest and Betty Schoefer, but sold to scape plants; the safe use of pesticides; Regional Office, Minnesota Landscape private investors in 1976. The coastal reuse of yard wastes; and benefits of the Arboretum, 3675 Arboretum Drive, conservancy purchased only 12 acres in interactions between people and plants. Chanhassen, MN 55317.

10. American Horticulturist· January 1991 1991 AHS Seed Program Catalog he successful germination of it is highly likely that garden soil is con­ or in any location of suitable tempera­ seed requires three conditions. taminated with organisms that can ture. Do not place the flat in the sun or First, the seed must be viable; cause damage to seed and seedlings. under any strong light sour~ce, especially second, the seed must not be Whatever medium is chosen, it should be if you have covered it with glass. Exces­ dormant; and third, the appropriate en­ thoroughly moistened before being sive heat build-up will kill the embryos. vironmental conditions must be placed in the germinating flats. Make As soon as the young seedlings break provided. sure that flats have drainage holes. the soil surface, remove the glass pane Seed viability depends on a number of • The appropriate light level. and place the seed flat in indirect light­ factors, including growing conditions and Some seed require light for germination ing or in a well-lit location until ready for storage conditions. Growing conditions and others are inhibited by light. These transplanting. If you are depending on are often beyond your control, but you can needs are also indicated in our chart. bulbs to provide light, use fluorescent take simple steps to assure storage condi­ lighting. tions that will maintain viability for a Sowing the About one week after germination you reasonable length of time: seed should be Seed may begin fertilizing the seedlings with stored in reasonably airtight containers The seed of many plants, particularly one-quarter strength soluble fertilizer. and kept in a place where neither annuals, can be sown safely outdoors You may apply it with every watering. temperature nor humidity varies much. where the plant is to grow once the date When the seedlings are three weeks old, Some seed will need your coaxing to over­ of the last expected frost in your area has the fertilizer can be increased to one-half come dormancy. The procedures usually passed. But with all other plants, or to strength. used to do this are scarification (breaking get an early start with these, you will Do not allow seedlings to become ex­ the seed coat) and stratification want to sow seed indoors in seed flats. cessively dry, but don't overwater either. (temperature control)-sometimes both. Those that will eventually be grown out­ The seedlings must be kept reasonably As you read the catalog, you will find at doors should be started about six to eight moist without being soaked. Too much the end of each seed description a code weeks before the last frost-date. water encourages disease; too little indicating whether germination will re­ After the moistened germination water causes poor growth. quire scarification and/or stratification. medium is put into the seed flat, mark the Those codes are explained by a chart that rows where the seed is to be sown. Most Transplanting appears on page 3. seed should be covered about one and There are four environmental condi­ one-half to two times its diameter. How­ Transplant the seedlings to individual tions that need to be controlled: ever, if the seed you are sowing is very pots as soon as two true leaves develop. • Water. Once a seed takes up water, small, there is no need to cover it with the The smaller the seedlings are at it must not be allowed to dry out or the medium; it is sufficient to press it lightly transplanting the better they tolerate seed is lost. so that it makes contact with the soil. It the shock of transplanting. If you allow • Temperature. Most seed will ger­ will help to disperse such seed evenly in the seedlings to become too large before minate readily at about 70· F. It is best if the row if you first mix the seed with transplanting this may contribute to the the temperature is provided by bottom about three or four times its volume of failure of the transplant. heat from a heating cable (a small heat­ fine horticultural vermiculite (grade 2). Transplant into a potting mixture ing cable is relatively inexpensive). Avoid sowing seed with different ger­ composed of equal parts commercial pot­ There is some seed that may germinate mination times in the same flat. Other­ ting soil, sphagnum moss, and perlite. best at a lower temperature-about 55· wise, you may find it impossible to Immediately before transplanting, or 60· F -while other seed requires a transplant the earlier seedlings without thoroughly water the seed flat and let it warmer temperature of about 80· F. This disturbing those that germinate later. drain for about an hour. This will help will also be indicated in our chart. Never, For the same reason, you should avoid you remove the seedlings from the flat however, expose any seed to excessively planting seed too close together. Close more easily and will aid in reducing root hot or cold temperatures (below 50· F or spacing also encourages disease. injury. above 85· F) after the seed has taken up Be sure to label the seed flats with the An ordinary kitchen fork makes a water. date and name of the seed sown. It's good transplanting tool. The tines of the Maintaining the optimum tempera­ frustrating to watch something sprout fork will lift the seedlings easily from the ture will help assure that germination and not know what it is. And you'll find flat without contributing to excessive occurs as rapidly as possible; unneces­ that gathering information on the perfor­ root damage. sary delay of germination increases the mance of your plants enhances the fun of After transplanting, water the likelihood of disease that will kill young gardening. transplant thoroughly and place it in a seedlings or prevent their germination If you have used a well-soaked grow­ shaded location for about 24 hours. Fol­ altogether. ing medium, there is no need to water the lowing this, the transplants may be • A well-aerated growing medi­ seed from the top at this time. If you placed in normal growing conditions. um. For indoor planting, use a mixture prefer to water your flats from the top, If the transplants are to grow out­ of equal parts milled sphagnum moss, use a fme mist spray to avoid flooding doors they must first be hardened to the perlite, and vermiculite. Good results and shifting the carefully spaced seed. new environment. Hardening involves a can also be obtained for many types of Glass works well for covering the tray: gradual adjustment to outdoor tempera­ seeds with milled sphagnum or ver­ it's inexpensive, lets you see when the ture and light and is accomplished over miculite alone. Do not use ordinary gar­ seed have germinated, and a gentle tap a period of about three to four days. den soil to germinate seed indoors; no will serve to "rewater" the seed. But plas­ Beginning a week or 10 days before the matter how good its quality, it is very tic or even damp newspaper (for seed hardening process is to be started, unlikely that it will provide adequate that do not require light) will serve the gradually reduce watering (but not to the aeration when placed in a seed flat. Also, purpose. Put the flat on a heating cable, point of allowing the plants to wilt) and

2SC .. AHS 1991 Seed Program Catalog stop fertilizing. Then begin the harden­ doors in a protected location for a year or temperatures before the cold stratification ing process by moving the young two prior to setting them in their per­ treatment begins. The seed is treated ex­ transplants outdoors where they will not manent location. actly as for cold stratification except that it be exposed to direct sunlight. On the first is stored at a warm temperature of 70· to day of hardening, the plants should be Breaking Donnancy 80· F for some period oftime. Simply bring­ left outside for about four hours during ing seed indoors for the specified time is the morning. Over the next two or three • Cold stratification. Seed that re­ often sufficient. days the plants are left out for longer quire cold stratification before they are • Scarification. Some seed will not periods, gradually introducing them to able to germinate should be sealed in a germinate because of a hard seed coat more light until hardening is completed. plastic bag with a small amount of moist and softening or breaking the seed coat Mter this treatment the transplants (but not wet) sphagnum moss or peat is necessary to effect germination. A hard should be sufficiently acclimated so that moss. Tie the bag closed and place in a seed coat may be rubbed with sandpaper they can adapt to permanent placement refrigerator at 38· to 40· F for the ap­ or a small fIle to alter it enough so that it in the garden. propriate time, which may be from one to can take up water. For some seed, a hot The seed of trees and shrubs can be four months. It is important that the water soak can accomplish this. Soak the handled the same as any other seed, fol­ sphagnum or peat not be too wet, other­ seed in five times its volume of hot water lowing all the procedures for sowing the wise the seed may rot. (180· to 212· F) for 24 hours. The hot seed as outlined, but the young tree or • Warm stratification. Some seed water is poured over the seed and al­ shrub seedlings should be planted out- requires exposure to a period of warm lowed to cool.

he letters in the following table pro­ Tvide germination information and re­ quirements. For some seed, more than one germination technique may be used. For example, A,B indicates that the seed 1. Agrostemma githago 'Milas Rosea'. may be sown indoors or outdoors. Some Corn cockle. Height: 3 feet. Lilac pink flowers n interesting annual to try this year seed require more than one treatment with 5 petals, 3 inches across. Grasslike, gray Ais Dolichos lablab (hyaCinth bean) before germination can occur. Db,Eb in· green foliage. Blooms spring through early (4). D.lablab is a vigorous climber-it can dicates that a three·month warm summer. Will self-sow. A,B,L. reach a height of 30 feet, but more typi· stratification treatment must precede a cally grows to 10 feet-and is perfect for 60·day cold stratification treatment. 2. Anchusa capensis. Bugloss. Height: 18 trellises, fence posts, or wires. Unless otherwise stated, it should be inches. Bright blue flowers. Lance-shaped, assumed that all plants grown from the hairy leaves about 21;2 inches long. Plant in seed in this catalog do best in full sun. L, full sun. A,B,L. 9. Lagenaria siceraria. White-field gourd. which indicates that the seed is easy to Large, 3D-foot vine producing small, brightly germinate, does not necessarily mean 3. Cleome hasslerana. Spider flower. colored ornamental gourds. Plant in full sun. A,G. that it is also easy to grow once it has Height: 4-5 feet. Flowers 2-3 inches long and germinated. If you are unfamiliar with a wide, rose, purple, pink, or white. Half-hardy 10. Myosotis sylvatica. Forget-me-not. particular species, you may want to con· annual. Plant in full sun in a warm, dry loca­ Height: 9-24 inches. Small, 5-petaled, blue suit a horticultural reference book. We've tion. Reseeds very readily. A,B,L. flowers with white or yellow eyes. Blooms discussed seed books on page 10 of this spring through early summer. Plant in light catalog. You may also call Gardeners' 4. Dolichos lablab. Hyacinth bean. Height: shade in rich, moist, well-drained soil. A,B,L. Information Service at (800) 777·7931 for 6-10 feet. Tender perennial vine grown as an help between the hours of 11 a.m. and 3 annual. Flowers pinkish purple, about 1 inch 11. Nigella damascena. Love-in-a-mist. p.m. EST. long. Fruit is a purple, flat pod, 2 inches long; Height: 1 V2 feet. Easy annual with ferny seeds black or white. This ornamental mem­ foliage, beautiful blue flowers. Interesting A May be sown indoors in flats. ber of the pea family is edible. A,B,L. seed pods that are lovely in dried arrange­ B May be sown outdoors where they ments. Plant in full sun. Harvest seed pods are to grow. 5. Dyssodia tenuiloba. Dahlberg daisy. when they are still greenish. Self-seeds C Sow indoors into peat pots to Height: 1 foot. Yellow flowers. Needs full sun vigorously but easy to control. A,B,L. minimize transplant shock. and light to germinate. Grows in sand and Da Warm stratification of 2 months. gravely soil. B,L. 12. Rudbeckia hirta 'Gloriosa Pinwheel'. Db Warm stratification of 3 months. Height: 3 feet. Single daisylike flowers with Dc Warm stratification of 4 months. 6. Eschscholzia californica. California mahogany and gold stripes. Plant in full sun Dd Warm stratification of 5 months. poppy. Height: 2 feet. Flowers range from deep or part shade in well-drained soil. A,B,K. De Warm stratification of 6 months. orange to pale yellow, 2 inches across. Plant Ea Cold stratification of 30 days. in full sun. Blooms the first year and will 13. Sabatiaangularis. Rose pink. Height: 3 Eb Cold stratification of 60 days. reseed. B,L. feet. Leaves are ovate, 11/2 inches long. Ec Cold stratification of 90 days. Flowers are rose pink with greenish eye. B,L. Ed Cold stratification of 120 days. 7. Gaillardia x grandiflora. Blanket F Scarification. flower. Height: 2-5 feet. Showy solitary flower 14. Trifolium aruense. Rabbit's-foot clover. G Hot·water soak. heads with dark discs and yellow, red, or Pinkish gray, elongated heads. Leaves are H Light recommended for germination. orange banded rays. Plant in full sun in a palmate, narrow, and alternate. Hang for I Dark recommended for germination. sandy, well-drained soil. Cut back in late sum­ drying when pinkish gray. Excellent ground J Cool temperature required for mer to encourage fall bloom. B,L. cover. Plant in a dry, sandy area or wildflower germination (55' to 60' F). area. Full sun. B,L. K Warm temperature required for 8. Ipomoea x multifida. Morning glory. germination (80' F). Height: 8-10 feet. Flowers to 2 inches long, 15. Zinnia burpeeana 'Red Man'. Height: 2 L Easy to germinate. corolla crimson or scarlet, with a white- to feet. Cactus-flowering zinnia, producing giant M Difficult to germinate. cream-colored eye. Tender annual. Sow seed 5-5 1;2 inch blooms. Eye-catching deep scarlet N No reliable germination information. in any garden soil. Soak seed in tepid water flowers. Will flower all summer. Plant in rich, o Sow in fall. for 24 hours before planting. A,B.L. well-drained soil. A,B,L.

AHS 1991 Seed Program Catalog . 3SC 16. Adlumia fungosa. Allegheny vine. plant gardens. Plant in partial shade to full parasitic on roots of other plants. Flowers are Height: 12 feet. Biennial vine. White to pink shade. Zone 4-9. B. We have a very limited mostly greenish, in scarlet bracted, spikelike flowers resembling bleeding heart, blooms quantity ofthese seeds. racemes. Excellent companion to lupine. B. from June-October. Blooms in its second year. Does well in many different types of soil. 26. Astilbe x arendsii. Height: 2-3 feet. 32. Chrysopsis villosa. Golden aster. Blooms well with an eastern or western ex­ Leaves are divided several times into toothed Height: 1-5 feet. Bright yellow asterlike na­ posure. Zone 5. B. leaflets. Plumes are composed of a multitude tives are valuable for their extremely long of tiny white flowers, usually with 4-5 petals period of bloom at the end of the season. Very 17. Alcea rosea. Hollyhock. Height: 10 feet. and twice as many stamens. Likes deep rich, tolerant of dry, sandy soil and exposed posi­ Spikes of white, pink, or purple flowers about moist and well-drained soils, especially in tions. Pinch to induce branching. May need 2-4 inches across. Requires staking. Plant in winter. All thrive in semishade. Sow outdoors staking. Zone 4-10. B. rich soil in full sun. Zone 2-3. A,B,J,L. in early spring. Zone 4-8. B,L. 33. Clematis recta. Ground clematis. Height: IS. Alcea rosea 'Nigra'. Same as above but 27. Belamcanda chinensis. Blackberry lily. 5 feet. Upright, with pinnately divided leaves. with dark maroon, almost black flowers. Height: 2-3 feet. Sword-shaped leaves are Innumerable fragrant, white, starry, 1 inch similar to those of related Iris spp. The blooms flowers are borne in large clusters. Requires 19. Allium giganteum. Height: 18 inches. are 2 inches across on wiry, forked stems. support. Used as a filler plant in borders. Sun This bulbous plant is grown mainly for its Showy perianth segments are brightly to partial shade. Plant this spring for next decorative flower head, which stands well splashed with yellow and crimson. Fruit cap­ spring germination. Zone 3-9. B,J. above other herbaceous plants. Flowers in sules split to expose shiny black seeds, which midsummer are deep lilac. When flowers die, can be used for dried arrangements. Full to 34. Clematis tangutica. Golden <;lematis. cut the heads off but leave stalks to feed bulb partial sun. Zone 5-10. A,B,L. Height: Climbing to 10 feet. Flowers early for next year. Seeds can be sown in spring or with small golden bells, followed by silvery fall. Plant in full sun. Zone 3. B,L. 2S. Camassia quamash. Quamash. Height: seed pods. Plant in sun to partial shade, in 2¥2 feet. Hardy bulb, native to moist meadows rich, limey, well-drained soil. Zone 3-9. B,J. 20. Anaphalis margaritacea. Pearly ever­ of the West. Slightly asymmetrical flowers lasting. Height: 1-3 feet. White papery bracts with one petal curved downward and the 35. Coreopsisgrandiflora 'Early Sunrise'. with woolly stems and leaves. Very drought others upward. Likes wet boggy areas in Coreopsis. Height: 26 inches. Golden yellow, resistant. Prefers full sun; an excellent dried spring and summer, but prefers dry conditions semidouble flowers. Blooms from early sum­ flower. Zone 3-9. B,L. in late summer and fall. A. mer to fall. Very showy. Plant in full sun in light, sandy, well-drained soil. Zone 3-10. B,L. 21. Anemone narcissiflora and A 29. Camps is radicans. Trumpet vine. nemorosa. Windflower. Height: 1-11/2 feet. A Height: Climbing to 30 feet. Flowers are 36. Dianthus deltoides. Maiden pink. mixture of two Anemone species. Compact bright orange, trumpet shaped, and 3 inches Height: 4-15 inches. Low growing with plant has long stalks, rounded leaves. Umbel­ long. Blooms in late summer. Zone 5. A,Eb grasslike leaves. Flowers are red or pink with like clusters of flowers are white to pale yel­ (germinates in 30 days). crimson eyes. Plant in full sun in light, sandy, low, turning apricot as they start to fade. A well-drained soil. Zone 2-3. B,L. very nice plant for the rock garden. Likes sun 30. Cardiospermum halicacabum. Love­ to partial sun. Zone 3-9. A,B. in-a-pufI. Height: 10 feet. Vigorous, self-cling­ 37. Dietes vegeta. African iris. Height: 2 feet. ing vine for fences and trellises. Dense, Leaves spread out in a fan shape. Flowers are 22. Anemone sylvestris. Height: I-H'2 feet. feathery, light green foliage smothered with 2 1,12 inches across, white with yellow or brown Fragrant, nodding, white 11,12 inch flowers with large, ornamental inflated fruit, and petite spots. Likes a humus-rich soil; allow to dry 5 sepals. May rebloom periodically throughout snow white flowers. Seed pods look like green between waterings. Germination takes 20-40 the summer and again in the fall. This plant balloons, not quite as large as golf balls. In days. Zone 5-9. B. has running roots and rapidly colonizes open warmer climates plant self-seeds quite freely. woodlands in well-drained, humusy soils. Zone 5-9. A,B,L. 3S. Digitalis grandiflora and D. lutea. Plant in partial shade. Zone 3-9. B. Foxglove. Height: 3 feet. A mix of Digitalis 31. Castilleja chromosa and C. lin· species with small yellow flowers loved by 23. Aquilegia flabellata 'Nana Alba'. Fan ariaefolia. Paintbrush. Height: 16 inches. A hummingbirds. Very hardy perennial, very columbine. Height: 1-1 1,12 feet. Leaves are mix of Castilleja species that are partly prolific. Likes part shade and a rich, well­ blue-green; flowers are white with short in­ drained soil. Zone 5-9. A,B. ward curving spurs. Blooms late spring. Good for rock garden. Takes 1-3 months to ger­ 39. Digitalis purpurea. Common foxglove. minate; reducing night temperature is benefi­ Height: 2-3 feet. Purplish pink, tubular cial for germination. Plant in sun to partial flowers. Blooms early June to mid-July. Self­ shade. Zone 3-10. A,Ea. sows. Likes part shade and a rich, well­ drained soil. Zone 4. A,L. 24. Aquilegia x hybrida. Garden columbine. Height: 2-3 feet. An old-fashioned favorite, 40. Echinacea purpurea. Purple cone­ some have been in cultivation for hundreds of flower. Height: 2-5 feet. A sturdy, coarse, years. Fernlike leaves are 1-3 times ternately hairy plant with leafy, branching stems. Its divided. In mild climates, columbines can be solitary, daisylike flowers may reach 6 inches grown in full sun; elsewhere most prefer par­ across. Their showy, drooping petals vary tial shade. Zone 5-10. B,L. from purplish pink to almost white. Easy low­ maintenance plant for perennial or mixed 25. Arisaema triphyllum. Jack-in-the-pul­ beds. Full sun. Zone 3-10. B,L. pit. Height: 1 foot. Rounded tuberous root usually produces 2, 3-lobed leaves on I-inch 41. Echinops spp. Globe thistle. Height: 3-6 petioles. A modified leaf or spathe, varying in feet. Erect stands of sturdy stems, branched color from purple stripe with light green to and leafy. The thistlelike leaves are alternate solid pale green, forms a hood over a flower and pinnately cut, often woolly beneath. The spike, or spadix. Best in woodland or native Belamcanda chinensis (27), 150 X. flower heads are tightly grouped into large,

4SC .. AHS 1991 Seed Program Catalog spherical, compound heads. Easy, undemand­ glaucous. Flowers are blue-purple or lilac. ing plant for a sunny location. Excellent for Full sun to partial shade. Zone 4-9. B,L. cutting and drying. Zone 3-10. B,L. 53. Kosteletzkya virginica. Seashore mal­ 42. Eupatorium maculatum. J oe-Pye weed. low. Height: 4l,12 feet. Lower leaves are 3-5 Height: 4-6 feet. Eventually forms a massive lobed up to 6 inches long. Flowers are solitary clump of robust canelike stems. Sharp-toothed, or in leafy panicles. Pink petals are 11f2 inches lanceolate leaves are 1 inch long in whorls of long. Plant in full to filtered sun. A,B. 3-5 inches. Rose pink to purplish flower heads. An effective plant for naturalizing or the back 54. Leontopodium alpinum. Edelweiss. of wide borders. Purple, hollow stems. Full to Height: 6-12 inches. Foliage is silvery white partial sun. Zone 3-10. B. due to short woolly hairs. Flowers are yellow over silvery woolly bracts and bloom in mid­ 43. Frasera speciosa. Green gentian. summer. Plant in full sun in dry, alkaline, Height: 2-4 feet. Basal leaves to 1 foot long. sandy, well-drained soil. Zone 5. A,B,Ea,H,J. Flowers in narrow panicles to 2 feet long, corolla greenish white, spotted with purple. 55. Liatris scariosa. Blazing star. Height: Likes rich soil. Tolerates some shade. Zone 4-6 feet. Native American wildflower, excel­ 3-8. B. lent for border and meadow. Unbranched leafy stems end in a dense, long-lasting spike Ulium pensylvanicum (58), 300 X. 44. Gaillardia pulchella. Blanket flower. of small flower heads. Excellent cut flower, Height: 2-3 feet. Erect or spreading plants, fresh or dried. Prefers moderately fertile, with soft, hairy, dark green foliage. Large 3-4 sandy soil. Zone 3-10. A,B. rangements. Plant in full sun or light shade. inch flower heads. In late summer, cut back Zone 6-9. B,L. untidy growth to encourage fall bloom. Prefers 56. Liatris scariosa. White liatris. Same as full sun. Zone 3-10. A,B,L. above except this plant needs very good winter 62. Mahonia aquifolium. Oregon grape. drainage. Height: 3-6 feet. Fruit is black with blue 45. Galium odoratum. Sweet woodruff. bloom. Beautiful ornamental plant, used also Height: 6 inches. Ground cover with whorled 57. Liatris spicata. Gay-feather. Height: 2-5 as habitat and food for birds. Soak seed 3-4 leaves and small white flowers. Leaves are feet. Spikes to 21f2 feet long on smooth stems; minutes in warm water with dishwasher soap, used in making May wine. Blooms May-June. sessile flower heads of 5-14 rosy purple florets. 1 tablespoon/pint water. Sow directly in Likes partial shade. Zone 4-5. A. Drought resistant. Winter mulching is recom­ ground in early to mid-fall. Zone 5. B,O. mended in cold climates. Prefers full sun. Zone 46. Gaura lindheimeri. Height: 4 feet. 3-10. B. 63. Malvamoschata. Musk mallow. Height: Leaves are lanceolate, 1-3 inches long. Flowers 2-3 feet. Bushy with numerous branched are in open panicles, petals are whitish pink. 58. Lilium pensylvanicum. Candlestick lily. stems. Dark green, palmately lobed, 2-4 inch Drought tolerant. Zone 7-10. A,B. Height: 3 feet. Stem is ribbed, somewhat cob­ lower leaves. Satiny, bright rose pink, 2 inch webby. Leaves linear to oblong, to 6 inches flowers. Full sun. Zone 3-10. A,B,L. long. From 1 to several flowers on each stem, Save this Catalog! 4 inches across, red to scarlet, yellow spotted 64. Malva sylvestris var. mauritiana. High with purplish black at base. Sow outdoors in mallow. Height: 2-3 feet. Makes sturdy Seed packets are marked by catalog early spring or indoors, maintaining a bushes, covered with dark green, palmately number only, so it will be your only means temperature of 70· F in the medium. Prefers lobed foliage. Long-stalked, rose purple, 2 inch of identifying the seed you have selected. full sun. Zone 5-9. A,B,L. flowers cluster thickly in the upper leafaxils. Very long-blooming, even after a light frost. 59. Linariagenistifolia subsp. dalmatica. Prefers full sun. Zone 3-9. A,B,L. 47. Hesperis matronalis. Sweet rocket. Dalmation toadflax. Height: 3 feet. Toadflaxes Height: 3-4 feet. Narrow, toothed leaves. have asymmetrical, 2-lipped flowers with a 65. Nicotiana sylvestris. Flowering tobacco. White or purple fragrant flowers produced in long basal spur. Many erect, branching stems, Height: 4 feet. Flowers are trumpet shaped, loose terminal racemes. Blooms all summer. with gray green, ovate-Ianceolate, 11f2 inch white inside, and greenish white outside. Self-seeds prolifically. Plant in full sun or part leaves. Racemes of yellow, 1-2 inch flowers Blooms summer to frost. A tender perennial shade. Zone 2-3. L. with orange throats. Long flowering. Easy to grown as an annual in the North. Will reseed grow, prefers full sun. Zone 4-10. A,B,L. itself. Plant in full sun or partial shade. Zone 48. Hibiscus coccineus. Rose mallow. 9-10. B,L. Height: 6-8 feet. Deep red funnel-shaped 60. Lobelia cardinalis. Cardinal flower. flowers are 5-6 inches wide. Narrow upright Height: 3-4 feet. Dark green unbranched leafy 66. Oenothera biennis. Evening primrose. growth habit. :Blooms from mid- to late sum­ stems rise above a deep green basal rosette. Height: 1-6 feet. Biennial bearing spikes of 2 mer. It is native to wetlands but will tolerate Leaves are lanceolate, pointed, and toothed. inch, yellow gold flowers that open in early drier soils. Full sun or light shade. Zone 6-9. B. Brilliant scarlet flowers in slender, erect evening throughout the summer. Roots may racemes. Sun to partial shade. Zone 2-9. B. be eaten as a vegetable, and the shoots in 49. Hibiscus coccineus. Rose mallow. Same salad. May be invasive. Full sun; well-drained as above, except flowers are pink with dark 61. Lunaria annua. Money plant. Height: 3 soil. Tolerates dry conditions. Zone 4. B. rose center and white with rose center. feet. Biennial that will reseed. Flowers are purple or white and fragrant. Fruit is silvery, 67. Oenothera erythrosepala. Evening 50. Hosta ventricosa. Blue plantain lily. papery, and coin-shaped. Useful for dried ar- primrose. Height: 6 feet. Evening-flowering Height: 3 feet. Grown primarily for its dark perennial. By midmorning the yellow blos­ green foliage. Leaves are up to 9 inches long soms begin to wilt, but more burst open each evening. Sow seed in spring; plant will not and 5 inches wide. Flowers are dark violet. hade and woodland gardeners have Plant in shade. Zone 3. A,B,L. bloom until the following year. Plant in full Sseveral excellent plants to choose from this year. Old-fashioned garden sun or light shade. Zone 5. B,L. 51. Iris pseudacorus. Yellow flag. Height: 5 columbine (24), the white-blooming fan feet. Yellow-flowered iris with blue-green 68. Oenothera fruticosa. Sundrops. Height: columbine (23), and the spice-scented foliage. Can be grown in moist areas, bogs, 1-2 feet. Day-flowering perennial. Yellow sweet woodruff (45) make great additions and streams. Blooms in late spring. Zone 6. O. flowers 3-4 inches wide with shallow-toothed to shady gardens. Other favorites are petals and a mild fragrance. Fruit 2-3 inches Jack-in-the-pulpit (25), astilbe (26), blue 52. Iris spuria. Butterfly iris. Height: 2 feet. long. Full sun or light shade. Tolerant of poor hosta (50), and foamflower (81). Leaves are linear to 1 foot long, stiff, and soils and drought conditions. Zone 4-10. A,B.

ARS 1991 Seed Program Catalog. 5SC 69. Onopordum acanthimum. Scotch ofleaflets. Flowers are violet or blue. Grown for 82. Verbascum bombyciferum. Mullein. thistle. Height: 9 feet. Biennial. Leaves spring and summer bloom in the flower garden. Height: 3 feet. Vertical stems bear woolly, oblong, lobed, and toothed. Flowers are red­ The individual flowers are not showy but gray green leaves to 6 inches or longer. Narrow dish purple, sometimes white. Statuesque bor­ produce a bold effect in mass. Plant in shady spires of crowded, yellow, 1 inch flowers. Bien­ der plant; very spiny, handle with care. Plant area with little direct sunlight. Zone 5-9. B. nial, sending up flower spikes the second year. in full sun; does fine in poor soil. B. Plant in ordinary, well-drained soil. Prefers 76. Phacelia sericea. Scorpion weed. Height: full sun. Zone 5-10. A,B. 70. Onopordum nervosum. Scotch thistle. 5 feet. Leaves oblong in outline, to 4 inches long. Height: 9 feet. Biennial. Same as above but Flowers are lavender or purple. Zone 5-9. B. 83. Verbascum chaixii 'Album'. Mullein. leaves are silver. Height: 3 feet. Same as above except with 77. Platycodon grandiflorus. Balloon white flowers . 71. Pardancanda norrisii. Candy lily. flower. Height: 3 feet. Mix of blue- and white­ Height: 1-2 feet. Cross between blackberry lily flowered cultivars. Balloonlike buds open into and an irislike plant. Colors include yellow, star-shaped, 2-inch-wide flowers. Blooms blue, red, purple, pink, white, and orange, plus June-August. Plant in full sun or light shade. polka dot combinations. Cold hardy and Zone 4. A,B,L. drought tolerant, blooms from July to frost. If seed is started inside in January and planted 78. Rudbeckia triloba. Thin-leaved cone­ after danger of frost, will flower the first year. flower. Height: 4Y2 feet. Distinguished from 84. Festuca ovina var. glauca. Dwarf blue B,L. black-eyed Susan by smaller, more numerous fescue. Height: 1 foot. Densely tufted perennial flowers with shorter rays. Somewhat invasive. with numerous vegetative shoots. Probably 72. Penstemon cyananthus. Wasatch Plant in full sun. Zone 3-9. B,L. one of the bluest foliages of all garden plants. penstemon. Height: 3 feet. Flowers are bright Flowers May-July. Grows best in light soils blue, about 1 inch long, appearing in dense 79. Solidago odora. Sweet goldenrod. and full sun. Needs regular grooming to spikes. Plant in full sun in light, acid, well­ Height: 5 feet. Stout root crown. Basal leaves remove dead leaves and flower stalks. Sow drained soil. Zone 3-4. A,B,L. and lowest leaves reduced and deciduous. grasses in small pots. Zone 4-9. A. Leaves are 4 inches long and produce the odor of anise when brushed. Heads in large 85. Sorghum bicolor. Broomcorn. Height: Save this catalog! panicles. Plant in average, well-drained soil in 6-10 feet. Partial sun. Rapidly growing, full sun. Easily grown from seed, blooming the coarse-textured annual used for making second year. Zone 3-10. A,B. brooms. Easily grown from seed. Plant in par­ 73. Penstemon pseudospectabilis. Beard­ tial sun. Particularly well suited for the Great tongue. Height: 3 feet. Flowers are fuchsia­ 80. Stokesia laevis. Stokes' aster. Height: 12 Plains. B,L. colored, borne on long 3 foot wands. Plants inches and 18 inches. Mix of pink and blue form rosettes of attractive blue-green leaves. cultivars. Blue are 18 inches tall and pink are 86. Xerophyllum tenax. Bear grass. Height: Plants will self-seed on sandy or gravely soil. 12 inches tall. Flowers are 3-4 inches across, 2-6 feet. Tall, stately flowers are creamy Drought resistant. Hardy in the deserts of and bloom over a long season. Plant in white. Both flowers and foliage (which is California and Arizona. A,B. average, well-drained soil, in full sun to light grasslike) make excellent floral designs. shade. Zone 5-10. A,H. Blooms July-August. Prefers deep to partial 74. Penstemon smallii. Beard-tongue. shade. Zone 3. B. Height: 2-3Y2 feet. Leaves are 2-4 inches long. 81. Tiarella cordifolia var. collina. Flowers are tubular, 1-2 inches long, and scar­ Foamflower. Height: 6-12 inches. Foamflower let pink in color. Blooms from late spring makes an excellent ground cover. Small, or a hard-to-find garden color, try through midsummer. Plant in full sun. Seed white, star-shaped flowers, in compact, showy Fdwarf blue fescue (84), the bluest germinated indoors should have a tempera­ racemes 6 inches or taller, begin blooming in plant in this year's Seed Program. This ture of 60-65' F for 2 weeks. Zone 5. A,B. mid-April and continue for nearly a month. tufted, low-growing grass works well in Prefers a well-drained soil high in organic front of perennial beds or as a border 75. Phaceliabipinnatifida. Scorpion weed. matter. A shaded site protected from direct along a sunny path. Height: 2 feet. Compound leaves with 3-5 sets sunlight is recommended. Zone 3-9. B,L.

87.Aroniamelanocarpa. Black chokeberry. 88. Berberis koreana. Korean barberry. flowers are very attractive to butterflies. Gives Height: 3-5 feet. Low shrub; branches smooth; Height: 3-6 feet. Deciduous , suckering shrub; best results when hard pruned in March. Sow leaves elliptic or oval. Bright green and branches grooved, reddish, and spiny, with flat, outdoors in late spring. Germinates in 20-25 smooth underneath. Striking red in fall. 3-lobed spines; leaves oval, 1-3 inches long. days. Zone 5-9. B. Fruits are lI.l-lI.! inches across, shiny black, in Flowers in racemes 3-4 inches long, in late May August and September. Flowers are showy or early June, very showy; fruits bright red, 91. Celastrus scandens. American bit­ and fruits are readily eaten by birds. Cold retaining their color well into winter. Use in tersweet. Deciduous, climbing or twining shrub stratify for 90 days with temperature between shrub borders. Zone 3. B,Ea or O. that will grow up to 25 feet with support. Bright 32' and 41' F, then for 30 days in a mix of soil, orange-red fruit in fall; used for fall arrange­ sand, and peat at 68-70' F. Sow seed 3fs inch 89. Brachychiton populneus. Bottle tree. ments. Both female and male plants needed for deep. Zone 2. A,Ec. Height: 50 feet. Named for the bottlelike swell­ fruit production. Zone 2. B,Ed. ing oftheir trunks. Bell-shaped flowers bloom in midsummer; fruit is woody. Bottle trees are 92. Chilopsis linearis. Desert willow. Height: tart a buHerfly garden with the beauti­ not particular about soil but should be shaded 20 feet. Large deciduous shrub, native to desert Sful Buddleia davidii (90). This honey­ by larger trees. Tolerant of drought. Zone 8- areas. Fast grower, easily grown from seed. smelling shrub stays in flower for 3 10. B. Flowers trumpet shaped, pink to lavender, and months and the slender, nodding, 5-12 attractive to hummingbirds. Zone 8. B. inch-long flower spikes drive buHerflies 90. Buddleia davidii. Butterfly bush. mad. A hardy, deciduous shrub, B. davidii Height: 15 feet. This shrub does well in almost 93. Comus capitata. Evergreen dogwood. can be relied upon as far north as any soil and prefers full sun. Flowering period Height: 40 feet. A Chinese native, this tree has southern New England. from July-September. Fragrant blue-purple semi-evergreen to evergreen leaves that turn

6SC ., AHS 1991 Seed Program Catalog 46th Annual Meeting

Birmingham, Alabama April 17-20, 1991 Welcome to Birmingham!

You can't miss our 46th Annual Meeting! Every major horticultural center and the best gardeners in the city are prepared to greet you. It will be an exhilarating week of gardening experiences and education amid forests of dogwood, azaleas, and native woodland wildflowers at peak bloom-the finest gardens open for view-the leading experts in the Southeast to instruct and gUide you-the hospitality only the South can offer-the gentle, refreshing spring of the Southern Piedmont. Young, old, experienced gardener or novice, you are welcome to join us in our annual highlight of American Horticultural Society membership. This Annual Meeting will be a lifetime memory of friendship, fun, and learning-all in the city of Birmingham and its many wonders. We'll see you there.

On lhe cover : A s tatue in one of lhe many private gardens to be visited by AHS members during the Annual Meeting. and a camellia. Al abama's s ta le nower. ,r------, REGISTRATION FEE Full registration fee covers all daily ! Registration Form programs as listed, registration materials, box lunches, entrance : AHS 46th Annual Meeting, April 17-20, 1991, Birmingham, Alabama fees, ground transportation, and , ------1991 President's Reception and Register Early! 10% Discount for Registrations Postmarked Before Awards Banquet. Not included are February 15, 1991. hotel, airfare, personal items, and meals not specified. Name , CANCELLATIONS : Address A full refund, less $50 for booking expenses, will be made if written City /State/Zip cancellation is received by April 3, 1991. No refunds will be made after Daytime Phone # AHS Member # April 3 , 1991. Spouse/Guest Name OFFICIAL AIRLINE : Address Delta Airlines is the offiCial carrier for the 1991 Annual Meeting in Birmingham. By special agreement, Number of Full Registration Participants AHS members receive 40% off Delta's Total unrestricted day coach rates, or 5% includes all events April 18-20 $350 $_-- off Delta's published discounted fares for travel to/from the Annual OR Meeting. Make your reservations by calling Delta at (800) 221-1212 Single Day Registration (8 a.m. to 8 p.m. EST). You must Thursday, April 18 $150 $_-­ mention the AHS reference code Friday, April 19 $150 $_-­ T11691 to obtain the discounts. Saturday. April 20 $150 $_-- (Some restrictions apply.)

NONMEMBERS MUST ADD ANNUAL DUES @ $35 $ ___ HOTEL Our headquarters hotel is the OPTIONAL: President's Council membership @ $1 ,000 $ ___ Embassy Suites Hotel, 2300 OPTIONAL: Donation to support Annual Meeting activities $ ___ Woodcrest Place, Birmingham, AL Minus Discount (10%) Prior to February 15, 1991 $ ___ 35209. Rates for AHS members are $81/night, single or double, plus Total Enclosed $ --- 7% room tax. Make your reservation by calling (800) 321-0090 or (205) : 0 Please register me for the Optional Tour to Sipsey Wilderness on 879-7400. Be sure to mention that : Friday, Apri[ 19. I understand this tour is in place oj the Friday lectures. you are with the American Horticultural Society, and make Special Services Needed (please specifY) your reservation by March 26, 1991, to guarantee the special meeting rate. For Loc~ Group Registration Information call (800) 777-7931. . Return this form with your payment to: : AHS Annual Meeting, 7931 East Boulevard Drive, Alexandria, VA 22308. : For more information call (800) 777-7931 .

L ______~

2 .. AHS 1991 Annual Meeting Program The Program

Water, Herb, Vegetable, 3:30 - 4: 15 p.m. Rhododendron, Hosta, and Bonsai Horticultural Painting Wednesday, April 1 7 Gardens. and the Conservatory -Arthur Stewart

2:00 - 8:00 p.m. 11:00 - 12:00 p.m. 4:15 p.m. Meeting Registration Garden Presentations Buses return to hotel Camellia Room at the Embassy Suites Hotel 12:00 - 1:30 p.m. Lunch at the Botanical Gardens OPTIONAL TOUR 9:00 a.m. - 4:00 p.m. Optional: Members' Forum Board of Directors meeting Visit to Sipsey Wilderness (Birmingham Botanical Gardens) 1:30 - 4:30 p.m. Garden Presentations You may choose this all-day tour in 5:30 - 7:30 p.m. place of Friday's lectures. Cocktails for registered guests at the 4:30 p.m. Embassy Suites Hotel Buses return to hotel 8:00 a.m. Buses depart hotel for Sipsey Wilder­ 5:30 p.m. 5:45 p.m. ness for all-day tour and lunch. Tour Bus departs for Buses depart hotel for Southern involves much rugged walking. President's Council dinner Progress corporate headquarters -Weesie Smith, tour leader (President's Council members only) 6:00 - 7:30 p.m. 4:00p.m. Reception at the Southern Progress Buses return to hotel Thursday, April 18 corporate headquarters 7:30 p.m. 6:00p.m. 7:00 a.m. Buses return to hotel Buses depart hotel for Meeting Registration Dinner on your own Birmingham Museum of Art Camellia Room at the Embassy Suites Hotel 6:30 to 9:00 p.m. Cocktails and buffet dinner at the 8:15 a.m. Friday, April 19 Birmingham Museum of Art Buses depart hotel for Birrnj.ngham Botanical Gardens Lectures at the Botanical Gardens 9:00p.m. Buses return to hotel 8:30 - 9: 15 a.m. 9:00 a.m. Plenary session Buses depart hotel for Botanical Gardens 9: 15 - 9:30 a.m. Saturday, April 20 Welcome to Birmingham 9:30 - 10:30 a.m. -Karen Chapman Flower Arranging in the Birmingham All-Day Garden Tours Style 9:30 - 9:40 a.m. -Lula Rose Blackwell 9:00 a.m. Welcome to the Birmingham Buses depart hotel to visit Botanical Gardens and Introduction 10:30 - 11:00 a.m. private townhouse, wildflower, of Horticulturists and Plant Society Coffee ravine, and vegetable/flower Directors gardens -Gary Gerlach 11:00 - 11:45 a.m. Landscape Design: Southern Style 1:00 p.m. 9:40 - 10:10 a.m. -Norman Kent Johnson Lunch and tour of gardens Introduction to Birmingham at Ebsco corporate headquarters -John Alex Floyd 11:45 - 12:30 p.m. Using Native Shrubs and Azaleas 2:00 p.m. 10:10 - 10:30 a.m. in the Landscape Buses depart Ebsco to visit Coffee Break -Dr. William E. Barrick Shoal Creek residential gardens; tea at Shoal Creek Golf Clubhouse 10:30 - 11:00 a.m. 12:30 - 1:30 p.m. Introduction to the Birmingham Lunch at the Botanical Gardens 4:00p.m. Botanical Gardens and its History Buses return to hotel -Robert Marvin 1:30 - 2:15 p.m. Landscape Design: Discovering the 6:45 p.m. A Day in the Botanical Gardens Essence of the Garden Buses depart hotel for The Club with Head Gardeners and Plant -Duncan Callicott Societies 7:00p.m. 2:15 - 3:00 p.m. PreSident's Reception and Awards Presentations will be held at these Horticultural Photography Banquet at The Club garden locations on a rotating -Sylvia Martin schedule: 10:00 p.m. Wildflower, Fern, Iris, Daylily, 3:00 - 3:30 p.m. Buses return to hotel Southern Living, Rose, Japanese, Tea

AHS 199 1 Annual Meeting Program + 3 Meeting Highlights

overlapping ranges creating many unusual plant associations. Our Birmingham Botanical members who choose to visit this Speakers beautiful wilderness will hike along Gardens trails into the forest areas. Dr. William E. Barrick is executive vice president and director of gardens Founded in 1962, the Birmingham at Callaway Gardens (Pine Mountain, Botanical Gardens cover 67lf2 Georgia). He is a prolific researcher beautifully landscaped acres on the Private Gardens and writer in horticulture, and was southern slope of Red Mountain. recently elected president of the There are 20 gardens of various While in the Birmingham area we American Association of Botanical characters and plant concentrations, will visit a lovely new townhouse Gardens and Arboreta (AABGA). organized as a series of "rooms" garden and a residential garden under the Master Plan designed by filled with native wildflowers and Lula Rose Blackwell is an acclaimed Robert Marvin and funded through endangered species that the owner floral artist whose work is featured in the efforts of the Birmingham rescued from the bulldozer as dams, the book, Elegance in Flowers. Botanical Society. The Conservatory freeways, and shopping centers were is the largest clearspan greenhouse built. We will also have the privilege Duncan Callicott is principal of in the Southeast, and the new of visiting "a gardener's garden" that Callicott & Associates Landscape Garden Center building houses a combines both formal and naturalis­ Architects & Horticultural Consultants, horticultural library and classes. tic elements with a focus on plants; specializing in residential landscape These faCilities have been generously a restful garden planted among design. He is former director of the opened to us for our meetings. stones and along the path winding Tennessee Botanical Garden & Fine through a hollow; and a beautiful Arts Center (Cheekwood) in Nashville. back yard garden abundant with fresh vegetables and flowers. Karen Chapman is president of the The Southern Progress Birmingham Botanical Society. Following a picnic lunch in the Corporate Headquarters gardens at Ebsco corporate head­ John Alex Floyd is marketing quarters, our tour will take us on to services director of Southern Living, Labeled by site plarmer Robert Marvin Shoal Creek to visit more residential Southern Accents, and Travel South as a "nonbuilding," the Southern gardens, one featuring an all-white magazines. He received the 1988 AHS Progress corporate headquarters is border that creates a stunning view Horticultural Communication Award. designed to be one with the forest of from the kitchen window. We will hardwoods and pines that surround enjoy tea in the Clubhouse at Shoal Gary Gerlach is executive director of it. The building's materials (stone and Creek Golf Club, recent site of the the Birmingham Botanical Gardens. $ass) and colors echo those of the PGA Golf Tournament. [and, and a woodland path connects Norman Kent Johnson is a "garden the building to the parking decks maker" who specializes in residential hidden beneath it. This naturalistic gardens, including several of the setting will be the site of a reception Members' Forum gardens we will visit. He has been an for AHS members. editor with Southern Living, All members are invited to join AHS Landscape Architecture, and Garden President George Ball Jr., and Design magazines, and recently pub­ members of the AHS Board and staff lished the book, Everyday Flowers. The Birmingham Thursday, April 18, during a lunch­ time open discussion on issues Sylvia Martin has been a photog­ Musewn ofArt facing AHS today. rapher with Southern Progress Corporation for 11 years. Her own Founded just 35 years ago as a small studio does editorial, commercial, gallery in City Hall, the Birmingham and industrial photography. Museum of Art is now the largest The ClLtb municipally supported art museum in Robert Marvin is a landscape the Southeast. The museum houses The Club, an elegant private dining architect from Hilton Head, South permanent collections featuring West and dancing club atop Red Mountain Carolina, where he is actively European Renaissance art, American and overlooking the Birmingham city involved in wetlands preservation. art, and decorative arts, and will be skyline, Will be the site for the AHS He has designed the Birmingham the backdrop for a private reception Awards Banquet on Saturday, April Botanical Gardens, the Southern for AHS members. 20. Not to be missed! Progress corporate headquarters, ana the Day Butterfly House and Sibley Center at Callaway Gardens. Sipsey Wilderness Embassy Suites Hotel Arthur Stewart is an artist whose paintings of flowers have delighted The 12,726-acre Sipsey Wilderness lies Our headquarters hotel for the 46th Birmingham area residents, especial­ in northwest Alabama at the juncture Annual Meeting features a lovely ly gardeners, for years. Examples of of three separate geologic areas: the central atrium where guests may Mr. Stewart's work will be seen at Appalachian Plateau, the Cumberland enjoy complimentary breakfast each the Birmingham Museum of Art. Plateau, and the Coastal Plain. Here morning and a complimentary the vegetations from these three cocktail reception each afternoon. American Horticultural Society unique environments blend into a Each guest room is a two-room suite Alexandria, Virginia remarkable diversity of species, with with separate living and sleeping rooms. (800) 777-7931 or (703) 768-5700

4 • AHS 199 1 Annual Meeting Program spreading tree, with long, pinnate leaves with tive tree for mild inland and coastal areas. 9-15 ovate leaflets. The yellow flowers are Zone 7. B,Eb. followed by conspicuous bladderlike fruits. Leaves turn yellow in autumn. Flowers best 101. Pinus strobus. Eastern white pine. in hot, dry summers. Zone 5. B,F,O. Height: 50-150 feet. One of the outstanding timber pines of North America. Horizontal 97. Paulownia tomentosa. Princess tree. branches with soft, gray green needles 2-41f2 Height: 45 feet. Fast-growing tree similar to inches long. Cones are cylindrical, 4-8 inches the catalpa tree in texture and shape. Leaves long and fall in the winter. Grows quite rapid­ broad, ovate, to 1 foot. Fragrant flowers 2 ly; widely used for reforestation. Zone 4-7. inches long, corolla pale violet, darker spotted B,Eb. inside. Podlike seed capsules, 1lf2-2 inches long. Tolerates pollution and a wide variety of 102. Prunus lyonii. Catalina cherry. Height: soils and conditions. No stratification re­ 3-25 feet. Evergreen shrub or tree native to quired, but light is necessary for germination. Channel Islands off California coast. Leaves Sow indoors with a temperature of 70' F. are 3-5 inches long, smooth margined or light­ Surface sow on very moist beds. Zone 5. ly toothed. Creamy white flowers borne in A,B,H,L. profusion in April-May with black, large­ stoned fruit ripening in August-September. Aronia melanocarpa (87), 300 X. 9S. Picea glauca. White spruce. Height: 60- Prefers full sun and good drainage. Nice as a 70 feet. Bluish green leaves are % inch long. screen, hedge, or specimen tree. Sow in August bronze in winter. Pale yellow flowers in sum­ Cones are cylindric, 1lf2-2 inches long. where tree is to be grown. Zone 7-9. B. mer; red, strawberrylike fruits in fall. Round Withstands heat, wind, and dryness better bushy habit. Zone 7. 0. than most spruces, but needs cold winters. 103. Pyrus calleryana 'Bradford'. Bradford Cones fall in winter. Zone 4-7. B,Eb. pear. Height: 30-50 feet. Forms a vigorous, 94. Eucommia ulmoides. Hardy rubber tree. medium-sized, dense-headed tree. Flowers Height: 60 feet. Grows 1 foot per year. 99. Pieris japonica. Lily-of-the-valley bush. profusely in late March or early April. Highly Tolerates drought and city conditions. Hardy, Height: 10-30 feet. A medium-sized shrub with praised as an ornamental and commonly deciduous, rubber-producing plant. Fruit is a attractive glossy, coppery foliage when young. planted as a street tree. Triangular in shape. seeded, winged nutlet. This tree prefers full Resistant to fireblight disease. Old trees tend Ldunnarge1 ~icculle~ sun and tolerates almost any type of soil, Sorry, Not Available to split in storms. Zone 5-9. B,Eb or 0 . except an extremely wet one. Zone 5. B. ture s are attractive during winter. Sow s~ed on sandy 104. Staphylea trifolia. American bladder­ 95. Juglans ailantifolia var. cordiformis. peat and cover lightly with pulverized sphag­ nut. Height: 10-15 feet. A hardy-flowering Heart nut. Height: 60 feet. An erect-growing num, maintain temperature of 60-65' F. Ger­ shrub whose seed are enclosed in inflated, tree of medium size with handsome leaves mination takes 2 months. Zone 5. A balloonlike fruit. Easily grown in any fertile often as large as 30 inches long. The nuts are soil in sun or part shade. Zone 5. B,Db,Ec. heart shaped and are 1-ll1.l inches long. Break 100. Pinus radiata. Monterey pine. Height: up seed or soak overnight. Plant seed 1 inch 75 feet. Large tree with deeply fissured dark 105. Vitex agnus-castus. Chaste tree. deep in the spring. Zone 4. B. brown bark and a dense head of branches. Height: 6-25 feet. Velvety-hairy deciduous Leaves are bright green. Cones are 2-6 inches shrub with masses of fragrant, 1/3 inch long, 96. Koelreuteria paniculata. Golden-rain long, borne in whorls along branches, often lilac flowers in 5-7 inch spikes. Blooms in late tree. Height: 30 feet. Very attractive, wide- remaining intact for many years. An attrac- summer. Fast growing. Zone 6. Ec or 0.

106. Agastache foeniculum. Anise hyssop. dant seed. Prefers full sun. Seed crop matures Seed (coriander) are used for baking and Height: 3 feet. A member of the mint family, faster if you stop watering when flowers form. flavoring; foliage (cilantro) is used for Chinese this perennial herb has spikes of blue flowers Zone 4. B.L. and Mexican cooking. In the heat ofthe sum­ and leaves that smell of anise. Dried leaves are mer, this plant prefers part shade. A,B. used in seasonings, potpourri, and tea. Prefers 110. Chrysanthemum parthenium 'Ultra full sun but will grow in partial shade. Zone 4. Double White'. Feverfew. Height: 2-3 feet. 112. Isatis tinctoria. Woad. Biennial. A,B,L. Pungently aromatic, ferny foliage covers this Height: 4 feet. Flowers are yellow panicles. An neat, well-branched plant. Numerous full, important dye plant yielding a beautiful blue 107. Allium tuberosum. Garlic chives. double, daisylike flowers. Best in light, sandy dye. Sprays of seed pods are useful in dried Height: 20 inches. This variety of chives has soil. Self-seeds very freely. Tea made from arrangements. Plant in full sun. A,B. flat leaves and a delicate garlic flavor. The leaves reputed to relieve headaches. Full sun white flowers are quite striking when in bloom to partial shade. Zones 4-10. A,B,L. 113. Levisticum officinale. Lovage. Height: in late summer and early fall. Hardy peren­ 4-6 feet. Hardy perennial. Lovage looks like a nial. Zone 3. A,L. 111. Coriandrum sativum. Coriander. tall, much-branched celery with slender Height: 1-3 feet. Annual member ofthe carrot stems. Grows best in rich, moist soil. It prefers lOS. Calendula officinalis. Pot marigold. family. Delicate plant with parsleylike leaves. full sun, but will do with some shade in the Height: 2 feet. Annual. Flowers are bright afternoon. Chop leaves and stem tips to flavor yellow-orange. It is said to klll nematodes in meats, salads, and soups. Zone 3. B. the soil. Flowers are edible and are also used e have many excellent culinary as a dye. A,B. W herbs to choose from this year. 114. Nepeta cataria. Catnip. Height: 3 feet. Garlic chives (107) can be snipped into Flowers are white to purple, small but borne 109. Carum carvi. Caraway. Height: 2 feet. salads, soups, or sauces and boasts on spikes 5 inches long. Blooms July-Septem­ Biennial. Tall frost-hardy biennial, caraway white, starlike blossoms; coriander (111) ber. Cats love this plant! It also makes a is an ancient herb cultivated for its aromatic is very easy to grow and produces deli­ soothing tea. Since it is a member of the mint seed and tender young leaves. The second cious leaves and seed; and Italian parsley family, it can be very invasive. Plant in sun or year, flower stalks arise in early summer, (118), often rated the best culinary shade. Zones 3-9. A. topped by white blossoms that produce abun- parsley, is rich in vitamins A and C.

AHS 1991 Seed Program Catalog *, 7SC 119. Brassica rapa. Chinensis group. Pak­ of frost is past. Needs support to climb. Ma­ choi 'Lei Choi' Chinese cabbage. This Chinese tures in 73 days. B,L. member of the cabbage family has crispy, thick stalks and dark green top leaves. Excel­ 124. Tetragonia tetragonioides. New lent for stir fry. Matures in 45 days. Direct Zealand spinach. Half-hardy perennial makes seed in early spring and late summer. B. a good summer substitute for true spinach. Leaves are triangular and dark green. In the 120. Citrullus lanatus. Emperor melon North, short runners form and plants spread (watermelon). Fruits reach 19 inches in length to 2-3 feet. In very hot climates plants do well and 10 inches in diameter. Iflate flowers are with light afternoon shade. Also makes a good dis budded fruits can reach 20-25 pounds. container plant. Soak seed in water overnight. Fruits have a green and yellow-striped skin. Matures in 60-90 days. A,B,L. Flesh is orange, thick, and juicy with fme flavor. Does not reach full sweetness until 125. Zea mays. Red dent field corn. Excellent Levisticum officinale (113), 1,000 X. fully mature. Matures in 75-95 days. B,L. resistance to blight and drought. Stalks average 9 feet with 9-12 inch ears. Kernels are white until they mature then turn red. Contains 16-20 115. Ocimum basilicum 'Anise'. Anise Save this catalog! rows of red kernels. Matures in 105 days. B,L. basil. Height: 2 feet. Annual. Used in Thai and Cambodian cuisine and in Italian dishes. Seed packets are marked by catalog Vigorous plant with rose-colored flowers. number only, so it will be your only means A,B,L. of identifying the seed you have selected. Free Advice!

116. Perilla frutescens. Green perilla. Have questions about seed, sources, fun­ Height: 3 feet. Annual. Attractive, crinkled, 121. Cucumis metuliferus. African horned gus, or fertilizer? We'd like to help you lime green leaves. Flavor is different than the cucumber. Vine that requires 10 square feet per solve your gardening problems. Write us purple perilla, with a heavy, sweet aftertaste. hill. Needs full .sun, fertile soil, ample water, here at River Farm or take advantage of Used in Japanese cooking. A,B,L. and fertilizer. Fruit is ovoid, bright orange our toll-free number to call the Gardeners' tinged with red, and thinly covered with blunt, Information Service between 11 a.m. and 117. Perilla frutescens 'Atropurpurea'. snoutlike spines. Flesh is a brilliant, 3 p.m. EST. Purple perilla. Height: 3 feet. Annual. Fresh transparent green. Requires a long hot period leaves used to flavor pickled plums. Attractive to mature. B,L. red-purple plant that vigorously self-seeds. Used in Japanese cooking. A,B,L. 122. Lactuca sativa. Royal oak leaf lettuce. (800) 777-7931 Heat-tolerant, long standing lettuce with 118. Petroselinum crispum var. neo­ large, oak-shaped, dark green leaves. Matures This is a free servlce-one of your AHS politanum. Italian parsley. Height: 3 feet. in 50 days. B. membership benefits! We have an exten­ Biennial best grown as an annual. Leaves are sive reference library, plus staff and volun­ flat and flavor is stronger than the curly type 123. Phaseolus coccineus. White knight teers who can answer questions about of parsley. Leaves are used as a garnish and runner beans. Annual vine to 8 feet tall. White plant care or help you find sources for for seasoning soups and other dishes. B,G,I,L. flowers. Plant outdoors in spring after danger gardening tools, plants, and accessories.

126. Annona cherimola. Cherimoya. shade, good soil, and good drainage. Takes in a container. Germinates in 2-3 weeks. Zone Height: 20 feet. Evergreen tree. Leaves are several weeks to germinate. Zone 8. A,L. 9. A. oval or lanceolate, remaining velvety beneath. Strongly aromatic. Flowers usually solitary 129. Calotropis procera. Mudar. Height: 6- 132. Eucomis zambesiaca. Height: 1 foot. opposite the leaves, with nodding fragrant 15 feet. A shrub from the West Indies. Local Deciduous bulb. Prefers full sun, good soil, and outer petals. Four inch fruits, covered with name means miraculous plant. Sap is used on good drainage. Flowers are spikelike racemes, U-shaped scales. Custardlike edible fruit is cuts and blisters. Requires moderate greenish white in summer. Rosette leaves up to greenish when ripe. Hand pollinate for fruit. drainage. Propagated by cuttings in sand over 2 feet long. Keep on the dry side during winter Needs full sun and good soil. Zone 9. A. heat. Zone 10. N. dormancy. Does well in large bulb pans. Zone 8.

127. Aristea ecklonii. Height: 1112-3 feet. 130. Cyphomandra betacea. Tomato tree. 133. Massonia pustulata. Deciduous bulb. Small rhizome, evergreen. Needs good soil, Height: 10 feet. Treelike shrub, evergreen. Two ovate leaves to 4 inches long. Stemless good drainage, and ample moisture. Flowers Fast growing, likes full sun and fertile soil. pink flowers nestled between leaves in late are tubular, 1f2-3/4 inch wide, bright greenish Pink flowers in late summer. Produces fruit in winter. Prefers full sun, gravely soil, and ex­ yellow, and tinged with purple. Bright purple the winter; bears fruit after 1-2 years. Eat cellent drainage. Keep moist but not wet, and berries. Zone 8. Ea. fruit fresh in salads or serve stewed. Zone lOb. fairly dry in the summer. Takes one month to A,L. germinate, three years to flower. One bulb per 128. Billardiera longiflora. Height: 7-14 6 inch pan. Zone 9. feet. Twining vines, stems very thin; leaves 131. Eriobotryajaponica. Loquat. Height: are evergreen. Flowers are solitary or multiple 15-30 feet. Big leathery leaves, glossy deep 134. Opuntia ficus-indica. Spineless cac­ at the branch tips, trumpet shaped and green on top, rust-colored underneath. Small tus. Height: 18 feet. Yellow flowers in spring, greenish yellow often turning pink later. clusters of white flowers in the fall. Fruits 1-2 red fruit in late summer. Needs full sun, good Flowers are followed by bright purple, oblong inches long, apricot-colored, and edible. drainage. Requires little water in summer berries. Basal leaves 1-2 feet long. Likes Drought resistant once established. Will grow once established. Use fresh fruit in preserves

8SC .. AHS 1991 Seed Program Catalog yellow, magenta, and pink. Needs very little A number of edible fruit-bearing plants water and a cool location in winter, very bright are available for the indoor gardener. We light and fertilization in summer. Seed ger­ Seed Exchanges recommend the pineapple/banana-tast­ minates best between 65-75' F. Surface sow ing cherimoya (126), the peach like loquat in a well-drained mix. After 1 year transplant Offer Obscure (131), the tomato tree (tomatillo) (130), to 2-2 1,-2-inch pots. A. and the very exotic passion fruit (136). Varieties 139. Sparaxis pillansii. Height: 2 feet. Her­ and jelly. Surface sow in soilless mixture, baceous corm. Open clusters of l;2 inch long One of the most heartening trends in keeping a temperature of 60·65' F. Zone 8. A. short-tubed flowers with 6 branched styles American horticulture in the past decade borne on a branched stem. Flowers from Oc- has been the appearance of nonprofit 135. Parkinsonia aculeata. Jerusalem tober- , corms seed exchanges that attempt to preserve thorn. Height: 15·30 feet. Deciduous tree. shoul Sorry, Not Available ctober, regional, ethnic, and old-fasl1ioned Green and yellow bark, spiny, sparse foliage. 6-61f2- nt out- varieties for future generations. Seed ex­ Long blooming season with numerous yellow doors in late November (protect with mulch) changes are not seed companies: there is flowers. Zone 9. G. or in spring for summer bloom. Set corms usually a membership fee and an expec­ about 2-3 inches deep with a little sand tation that members save seed and share 136. Passiflora edulis. Passion fruit. sprinkled underneath. Zone 10. them with other members. If you are will­ Height: 6-7 feet if supported. A vigorous vine; ing to do so, the following seed exchan­ needs pruning after second year. Plant in full 140. Sparaxis tricolor. Harlequin flower. ges offer the possibility of growing rare sun and give ample water. Flowers are 2-3 Height: 11f2 feet. Sword-shaped leaves and plants and participating in an important inches across, white with white and purple small funnel-shaped flowers in spikelike grassroots movement for genetic preser­ crown. Fruit to 2 inches across, greenish yel· clusters on 1 foot stems, in yellow, pink, vation. low to purple. Sow seed in the spring; needs purple, red, and white. Blooms over a long + The Seed Savers Exchange, Rural minimum germination temperature of60·65· period in late spring. Plant in full sun. Will Route 3, Box 239, Decorah, IA 52101. This F. Zone 8. A. grow in containers. Zone 9. L. Very small is the largest, and most influential seed amount of seed available. exchange in North America, dedicated to 137. Protea neriifolia. Height: 10 feet. preserving vegetable and fruit varieties Erect treelike shrub with a single strong 141. Strelitzia reginae. Bird-of-paradise. that are family heirlooms, traditional na­ trunk. Bright green oblong leaves. Lower Height: 3 feet. Tropical house plant sporting tive American crops, garden varieties of bracts are papery, cracking, and eventually large, stiff, spear-shaped leaves with lighter­ the Mennonite and Amish, varieties curving backwards like wood shavings. Sow colored midribs. Unusual, showy, birdlike dropped from seed catalogs, aad out­ seed in flats, outside, in fall, in a well·drained flowers colored orange or yellow, each with a standing foreign varieties. medium. Cover with thin layer of coarse sand. dark blue "tongue." Sow fresh seed immedi­ + Heritage Seed Program, Rural Route Germination takes at least 4-6 weeks. Zone 10. ately after soaking for 2-4 days in very warm 3, Uxbridge, Ontario, LOC 1 KO, Canada. water, changing water every day. Germina­ The Canadian equivalent to the Seed 138. Rebutia spp. Crown cactus. A mix of tion from 30 days to 1 year. Grow in moist, rich Savers Exchange, specializing in heir­ small, easy-growing flowering cacti that form soil and full sun to partial shade. Let soil dry loom and endangered var'ieties of clust~rs. Flower colors range from red, orange, between waterings. Zone 10. A. vegetables, fruits, grains, herbs, and flowers. The HSP also sells (for 50 cents) a resource list of seed companies and nurseries that sell heirloom, rare, tin­ usual, or regionally adapted varieties of vegetables and fwits. + The Flower and Herb Exchange, The following seed were provided to ARS by a Solitary, slender, tubelike flowers bright red, Route 3, Box 239, Decorah, IA 52101. commercial grower who concluded that while with violet and white tip, to 1 inch long. Re­ Dedicated to the preservation of heirloom they produced beautiful plants, they were for quires temperature of 75-80' F for germina­ herbs and flowers. various reasons not cost-effective to propagate tion. Sow seed indoors in a sterile growing + CORNS, Route 1, Box 32, Turpin, OK for the commercial market. Take a chance! Few medium. A. 73950. Specializes in open-pollinated of your friends are likely to have a Mexican corn varieties. cigar plant, and we guarantee you'll be the only 144. Impatiens hybrids. Height: 10 inches. + Native Seeds/SEARCH, 2509 NortA gardener on the block with these particular Annual. Flowers are white with large, deep Campbell Avenue, #325, Tucson, AZ hybrids. If you like one well enough, you can pink eye. Sow seed indoors 6-8 weeks before 85719. Concentrates on tra,ditional native even name it afteryourself, a friend, or your dog. last frost at 70-75' F. Do not cover seed with crops of the U.S. Southwest and soil; they need light to germinate. Transplant northwest Mexico. 142. Celsia arcturus. Cretan bear's-tail. seedlings to garden 2 weeks after danger of + The Grain Exchange, The LaRd In­ Height: 11,-2 feet. Annual. Similar to Verbas­ frost is past. A. stitute, 2440 East Water Well Road, cum spp. (82, 83) but differing in having 5 Salina, KS 67401. Maintains a seed list of stamen ernate, 145. Pelargonium hybrids. Height: 16 in­ Hundreds of varieties of grains. oblong, Sorry, Not Available fiddle ches. Annual. Flowers are medium pink, free· + Central Prairie Seed Exchange, shaped. flower­ and early flowering. Needs full sun for at least Dianna Rogers, 7949 South West 21st ing; likes full sun. Sets lots of seed, may be­ half a day. Moderately water actively growing Street, Topeka, KS 66604. Locally come invasive. Sow indoors in growing mix. geraniums and let soil dry out between water­ adapted Central Prairie vegetable Maintain 70-75' F. Set plants outside after ings. Fertilize every 2 weeks February-March. varieties. danger of frost is past. A. Keep in relatively small pots. Sow seed in­ + The Abundant Life Seed Founda­ doors in February. A. tion, P.O. Box 772, Port Townsend, WA 143. Cuphea ignea. Mexican cigar plant. 98368. Devoted to preserving open-pol­ Height: 3 feet. Biennial. Leaves oblong or lan­ 146. Verbena hybrids. Height: 10 inches. An­ linated varieties of vegetables, herbs, and ceolate to 3 inches long, but mostly smaller. nual. Flowers in various shades of pink, white, ornamentals; focus is on plants regional­ lavender, red, and magenta. Verbena is some­ ly, adapted to the Pacific Northwest. what difficult to germinate. At 70-75' F ger­ + The Seed Saving Project, Depart­ Thanks to the following individuals for their mination occurs in 14-21 days. Sowing seed ment of Agronomy, Hunt Hall, Davis, CA help with the 1991 Seed Program: carol indoors usually gives more predictable results 95616. Rare vegetables, flowers, and Dowling, Aubrey Glass, Aubrey Glass Jr., than direct seeding. Sow seed indoors in light, herbs regionally adapted to the California Jane Glass, and Maureen Heffernan. sandy soil. Set plants out in full sun. A. interior valleys.

AHS 1991 Seed Program Catalog .. 9SC catalog problem, is the Andersen Hor­ timing and means of seed collection, seed ticultural L ibrary's Source List of cleaning and storing, to stratification, ger­ Q : Could you point me towards Plants and Seeds (1989), published by mination testing, and sowing. The second some books on seed saving and the Andersen Library at the Minnesota half of the book outlines the specific re­ propagation by seed? This is one Landscape Arboretum. The most com­ quirements for tree, shrub, herbaceous aspect of horticulture that most prehensive listing of seed sources in plant, and grass seed. general gardening reference works North America, the Andersen guide lists For those interested in propagating leave out, and I would like to learn 40,000 plants commercially available wildflowers, Harry R. Phillips's Grow­ more! from 1,200 seed and nursery catalogs. No ing and Propagating Wild Flowers S. 0., Monroe, Louisiana photos, no color, no endorsements or en­ (1985) makes a nice companion volume ticements, and almost no text, this book to the Youngs' book. The bulk of this very lets the purposeful gardener choose seed readable work is an encyclopedia of A : The Gardeners' Information Ser­ calmly and knowledgeably. wildflowers, carnivorous plants, and vice receives many questions on propaga­ The Seed Savers Exchange publishes ferns, with a detailed plant description tion by seed. We are happy to answer the Garden Seed Inventory (1988)-a for each species as well as information on questions on seed collection, storage, and more specialized and equally valuable seed collection, cleaning, storage, germination, but readers with a par­ directory of garden vegetable seed listing propagation, cultivation, and landscape ticular interest in propagation may want 5,291 nonhybrid varieties sold by 215 use. Unfortunately the scope is limited to to acquire some of the sources listed seed companies. Besides giving the com­ East Coast native flora. below to help them on their way. 'Tho mon and scientific names and sources, many gardeners avoid this rewarding the Garden Seed Inventory provides sphere of horticulture, undoubtedly be­ the days to maturity and a brief descrip­ How-to Books cause of lack of adequate information. tion of everything from asparagus Now that you've acquired and saved your But seed saving and propagation is no (Asparagus officinalis) to water spinach seed, you need to learn how to germinate more difficult than other aspects of gar­ (Ipomoea aquatica ). it. The best general work on propagation dening and chances are it will save you The collection and saving of cultivated by seed, and one that should be in every money and make you a better, and more plant seed has yet to receive adequate gardener'S library, is Nancy Bubel's The diverse, gardener. treatment in print, especially for the New Seed-Starters Handbook (1988). home gardener. The requirements for Here you can learn the general and the plant selection, isolation, pollination, not-so-general: where to purchase bean­ Seed Sources and seed harvesting can be quite exact­ threshing bags, the seed viability of kale The first, and perhaps most important, ing, especially if you are concerned with (five years), tips for teaching children stage of propagation by seed is obtaining preserving genetic purity. Canada's about seed planting, how to build a cold good quality seed of the plant in question. Heritage Seed Program publishes a 33- frame, how much seed you need for 64 There are four ways to do this: by trade, by page pamphlet, "How To Save Your different vegetables (one ounce of witloof purchase, by collection of cultivated plant Own Vegetable Seeds" (1990) that chicory, for example, sows a row of 250 seed, and by wild collection. treats the most popular vegetables. feet). The book has five sections: starting Besides the AHS Seed Program, there Storey Publishing has recently released seed indoors, moving plants outdoors, spe­ are a number of places where gardeners Saving Seeds by Marc Rogers, an up­ cial techniques and situations, saving may obtain seed for free or at a nominal date of his 1978 Growing & Saving seed, and an encyclopedia of plants to grow cost. Try the numerous seed exchanges Vegetable Seeds with additional from seed (over 200 vegetables, fruits, gar­ across North America that preserve material on garden flowers. This month, den flowers, wildflowers, herbs, trees, and hard-to-fmd and old-fashioned varieties the Seed Savers Exchange will publish shrubs). Informative sidebars, how-to il­ (see sidebar page 9). Also, many plant what promises to be the definitive work lustrations, source lists, a glossary, and an societies offer seed exchanges as a on vegetable seed saving, Seed 1b Seed by engaging style round out this gem of a benefit of membership as do botanical Suzanne Ashworth. This 240-page book book. gardens and arboreta. will detail seed-saving techniques for 160 The most comprehensive source for The major source of seed for purchase vegetables. the germination requirements of specific is, of course, seed companies. As any gar­ ornamental and edible plants is Park's dener knows, commercial seed company Success With Seeds (1978) by Ann Reil­ catalogs are invasive-they colonize Stalking Your Seed ly, published by the George W. Park Seed postal boxes across the continent with One of the most rewarding ways of ob­ Co. Reilly covers nearly 500 species; she innumerable editions, most identical. taining seed is the wildland stalk, when details the uses, habit, and germination They are particularly troublesome in the the gardener turns botanist-plant hunter and cultural requirements for each. winter months when the gardener is idle, and abandons the familiar cultivated fields There are also color photos aplenty: one dreaming of spring, and vulnerable to for the tangle of wilderness. Take along a for each species and-this is extremely the tugs of color and marketers' text. The regional flora to help you identify the useful-one for each seedling. challenge, then, is not in finding seed plants, their flowering times, and their Park also publishes a volume for herb companies, but in weeding them out, likely environments. James A and Cheryl gardeners-Park's Success With resisting their hard sell, and locating the G. Young's Collecting, Processing and Herbs (1980) by Gertrude B. Foster and ones that have exactly what you want Germinating Seeds ofWildland Plants Rosemary F. Louden-with the same en­ (and not what they want you to buy). (1986) will also be indispensable. The cyclopedic and photographic treatment of Probably the single most useful book Youngs have collected much information over 100 plants used for their fragrance, in the Gardeners' Information Service on the entire seed collection and germina­ flavoring, or medicinal capacities. library, and the solution to the seed tion process from field surveying, the -Thomas M. Barrett

10SC '*' AHS 1991 Seed Program Catalog ,r------~, How to Order , Although we have a considerable amount of many of the species listed in this catalog, in some cases the seed is in short supply. To increase the chances The American Horticultural Society that you will get the seed you want, fill out the order form on this page and mail Seed Distribution Service it immediately. Whenever possible, we will send you your first-choice selections, +- List your selections by number only. but please also list alternate selections +- Attach the mailing label from your copy of the News Edition or fill in your name, address, that we can send in case we run out of and member code number. Your member number is located at the top left hand your first choices. AHS will not choose corner of the mailing label on the back of this issue. By including your member substitutes for you if you do not pick number we can provide you with prompt and efficient service. Please make any address corrections on the label. alternates. After sending in your order, it is im· +- Save your catalog to identify the seeds you have selected. portant that you keep this catalog: you will need it to identify the seed AHS Member Code Number you receive. All the seed packets are marked with only the master list num­ Name bers that appear in this catalog. You will Address not be able to identify your seeds if City/State/Zip you do not save this catalog. The cut-off date for orders is May l. List Your Selections by Number Only We will not be able to fill orders that Please send me the following "first preference" seed packets: arrive after this date. The longer you delay in placing your order, the less like­ 1. 5. 9. 13. ly it is that you will receive your first 2. 6. 10 14. choices. 3. 7. 11. 15. As you complete the order form, we hope you will consider making a dona­ 4. 8. 12. tion to help defray the cost of the Seed In case the supplies of some of your selections have been depleted, please list Program. We suggest a minimum of $2 if alternate selections on the blanks below: you are ordering 10 packets of seed, and 16. 18. _____ 20. 22. $3 if you are ordering 15 packets of seed. All contributions to the American Hor­ 17. 19. 21. 23. ticultural Society are tax-deductible. D Please send me 10 selections. I enclose my $2 voluntary contribution to help defray If you decide to order any ofthe books postage and handling costs. reviewed on page 10, please make out o Please send me all 15 selections. I enclose my $3 voluntary contribution to help defray a separate check for the books only. postage and handling costs. You can help us continue to expand and improve the AHS Seed Program if you contribute Seed Program 1992 more. Contributions to the American Horticultural Society are tax-deductible. MAIL TO: AHS Seed Program, P.O. Box 0105, Mount Vernon, VA 22121. One of the greatest rewards of gardening L ______~ is the feeling you get when you've raised a plant in such abundance that you have ,r------~ enough seed, cuttings, or divisions to share with your friends. Start thinking now about sharing your 1991 bounty with the Americap Horticultural Society's nationwide community of gardeners. Al­ 0 ANDERSEN LIBRARY ...... $29.95 Postage and handling: $2.50, first book; $1.50, though much of the seed in our catalog is AHLllO each additional book. Virginia residents add 41,12% donated by seed companies and botanical 0 COLLECTING SEED OF sales tax. Please allow six weeks for delivery. Prices gardens, we also depend heavily on dona­ WILDLAND PLANTS ...... $21.20 are subject to change without notice. Please write TIM041 separate checks for book and seed orders. tions from members. We would love to see 0 GARDEN SEED INVENTORY more members involved in both the give o HARDCOVER ...... $21.25 D Enclosed is my check for $ _____ o SOFTCOVER ...... $14.90 and the take of the Seed Program. Par­ GSIllO D Charge to: ticularly if you have any unusual or rare D GROWING WlLDFWWERS ... $21.20 o VISa 0 MasterCard Exp. Date plants in your garden, we hope you will UNC410 0 HOW TO SAVE Acct. # ______collect the seed and send it to us for the VEGETABLE SEEDS ...... $4.00 Signature ______1992 seed offerings so that it can be HSPllO shared with other American Horticul­ D NEW SEED STARTERS Shipto ______o HARDCOVER ...... $17.00 Street ______tural Society members. R0D676 For information on the 1992 Seed Pro- o SOFTCOVER ...... $12.70 City gram, write to: R0D677 o PARK'S-HERBS ...... $10.15 StatelZ ip ______Seed 1992 PAR1l2 American Horticultural Society D PARK'S-SEEDS ...... $12.70 Daytime phone number 7931 East Boulevard Drive PARllO MAILTO:AHSBooks, 7931 East Boulevard Drive, O SAVING SEEDS ...... $8.50 AI d · VA 22308 Alexandria, VA 22308 , ST0 1l2 exan n a, . L ______~

AHS 1991 Seed Program Catalog,. U SC The following individuals and organizations donated seed to the 1991 program.

Abundant Life Seed Foundation, Gurney Seed Co., Yankton, South Dakota Parley'S Cape Seeds, Port Townsend, VVashington Nathan Hale M.D., VVilmington, Ohio Somerset VVest, South Africa Applewood Seed Company, Golden, Colorado Vincent Helm, Sun City, Arizona Bonnie Peckat, Hyattsville, Maryland John Bailey, Linwood, Kansas Heymaqua Seed Service, Gaberville, California L. Phelps, Temecula, California Borrowski, Fairfax, Virginia Howard Hitchcock, Caldwell, Texas Viveca Price, Catawissa, Pennsylvania Charles Bouwsma, Grand Rapids, Michigan Mrs. Donald Jacobs, Rice Lake, VVisconsin J. R. Randall, St.Albans, VVest Virginia Mr. Pat Burnett, Cincinnati, Ohio B. Jenkins, Salinas, California M. Saxon, Saint Helena Island, South Carolina W. Atlee Burpee Co., VVarminster, Pennsylvania J. W. Jung Seed Co., Randolph, VVisconsin F. W. Schumacher Co., Inc., Absolutely Bushed Ltd., Nevis, VVest Indies Helen Kramp, Baltimore, Maryland Sandwich, Massachusetts Edward Byrans, Donnybrook, North Dakota Jennifer Lance, Three Mile Bay, New York Shepherd's Garden Seeds, Felton, California Companion Plants, Athens, Ohio Russel Manning, Spring Valley, Minnesota Sterling Services, Inc., Columbia, South Carolina Leonard Corbett-Grant, Napa, California Mildred Metz, South Dennis, Massachusetts John Stevens, Alexandria, Virginia Mrs. Ruth Crosby, Carmel, Maine Randy Mulligan, Allentown, New Jersey Marion Treiber, Akron, Ohio CylburnArboretum, Baltimore, Maryland Native Seed Foundation, Movie Springs, Idaho Mary Ruth Unger, Anaconda, Montana Mrs. Lyall Dean, New York, New York Vivienne Nearing, New York, New York University of VIrginia, Charlottesville, Virginia Paul Ferster, VVoodbridge, Connecticut North Carolina Botanic Garden, Tom Vogelsang, Sunman, Indiana Charlotte Freeman, Lumberville, Pennsylvania Chapel Hill, North Carolina Elizabeth Vos, McLean, Virginia Judith G. Furr, Radford, Virginia Northern Nurseries, Bloomington, Minnesota Jim Weinstock, Chatsworth, California Elizabeth Gaarder, Miami, Florida Not-A-Farm, Mendham, New Jersey Charles Willmuth, Lanham, Maryland John Gordon Jr., Amherst, New York Pan American Seeds, VVest Chicago, lllinois Ella May Wulff, North VVindham, Connecticut The following members contributed $10 or more to the 1990 seed program.

Mr. E. Dumont Ackerman Ms. Kay Campbell Forsman Mr. Andrew Lazar Mrs. J. E . Norwood Ms. Carole P Smith Ms. Becky Alexander Mrs. Earl M. Frazier Ms. Clare Le Brun Mrs. Neil Nostrand Mr. E. Smith Mr. L. J. Alvarez Mrs. Stephen A. Free Mr. Hiram H. Lesar Mrs. John M. O'Connor Ms. W. Southall Mr. Edward E. Anderson Mrs. Stanley Frolio Mr. James Lilienthal Mrs. John S. Olson Ms. Heather Spencer Dr. John H. Angell Ms. Mary M. Fuqua Mrs. Bo G. Lindfors Mr. & Mrs. Bill Oswell Mr. Alfred Stanford Ms. Mary Lou Antonini Ms. Margaret A. Gallagher Mrs. Dorothea Lindsey Mr. D. M. Overton Ms. Christine Stanley Mrs. James Atkinson Ms. Jody Gebhardt Mrs. C. D. Linton Mrs. S. Logan Owens Jr. Mrs. R. S. Stanley Ms. Christine Baer Mrs. R. C. Green Mrs. VVillardLipps Mr. & Mrs. Gary Ozburn Mrs. J . R. Starace Mr. John Bailey Ms. L. Gutmanis Ms. Victoria Loesch Miss M. Packie Mrs. R. Stone Ms. Reva Ballreich Mr. Pentti Hallapera Ms. Auralie P Logan Ms. Judith Parker Ms. Ellen Stortz Mother Ruth Barry Mrs. R. J . Hampton Ms. Debbie Lutz Ms. Mary Bunilris Parks Mrs. V P Stoykovich Ms. E. C. Baum Mrs. Emily Haraszthy Ms. Helen MacGregor Ms. Sabina Parks Ms. Nancy Stuart Ms. Mary Alice Baumberger Mrs. Charles Harff Dr. H. Magalhaes Mr. D. C. Passafiume Mr. Thomas A. Sullivan Mr. J . Bayard Jr. Mrs. Thomas L. Hartman Mr. Paul C. Mango Dr. Kenneth Peart Ms. Dianne Swann Mr. L. F. Benzik Miss Frances E. Hawk Mrs. Florench Marsh Miss J. Pennypacker Ms. Marjorie Sweatte Mrs. K. Bergey Mrs. Thomas Hawkins Mr. Ira Martin Mr. Chris Penoyar Mrs. V V. Taylor Mr. Robert Berghage Ms. Hanna Heintz Mr. Norman E. Martin Mrs. D. Perkinson Mr. Earl Tenpound Ms. Patricia A. Black Mr. R. F. Hemphill Jr. Mr. VVilliam H. Mathers Ms. Carole Pesa Ms. Gail Therrien Ms. Judy Blinn Mrs. George C. Henneke Mr. John R. Mayor Mr. H. D. Peterson Ms. Irene P Thien Mr. Charles Blodgett Ms. Kristi Herman Mrs. Vernal McBain Miss P M. Porter Miss Marion R. Treiber Ms. Grace C. Bommarito Mr. Don High Ms. Ann M. McConnelee Ms. Bonnie Priebe Mr. Douglas Turda Mr. VVilliam R. Boone Jr. Ms. Beverly Hill Col. Stephen C. McCormick Mr. Robert A. Pulford Mr. Henry E. Twitty Mr. Michael H. Bridges Mrs. V Hitt Mrs. Robert C. McCoy Mr. W. A. Raab Mr. M. A. Underwood Mr. Emerick Bronson Ms. VVendy Holder Mrs. M. J. McDonough Ms. Gail Raby Ms. Edwina Varner Ms. Janet Brown Ms. Marilyn Huheey Mr. E. L. McKinley Mr. James Radabaugh Mr. Vieno Vehko Mr. VVilliam D. Bruce Ms. Marilyn R. Huston Mr. J . V McLaughlin Miss Barbara Ramming Mr. Harry Venables Ms. Elizabeth Brusnighan Dr. John Hyland Mr. Marcy E. McMillan Mrs. Sylvan Raphael Ms. Ann M. Vitello Mrs. Pat Burnett Mrs. Donald Jacobs Ms. Lotte K. Melhorn Ms. Nancy Repper Mr. E. VVagner Mr. Robert Burton Mrs. Stuart Jacobs Mr. H. C. Mellone Mr. Daniel R. Rice Dr. Anne VVarren Ms. Shahla Butler Miss Audrey B. Jeffery Ms. Peggy Meneice Ms. Janet Smart Rigsby Mrs. L. B. VVatson Ms. Barbara G. Bystrom Mr. Norman G. Jensen Miss Martha Miles Mrs. Sylvia S. Riley Mr. Austin VVattles Mrs. Kathleen Campbell Mr. Alan Jones Mrs. A. F. Minor Mrs. Gale A. Roberts Ms. Constance G. VVeeks Ms. B. Chaffee Miss Alice Jones Mrs. S. S. Mintz Mr. & Mrs. N. L. Robertson Mrs. A. W. VVeston Ms. Anne J . Clark Miss Linda Jovanovich Mr. Frank Misiurski Mr. George Robson Mr. J. Bruce VVhelihan Ms. Muriel Cottingham Ms. M. Kahn Ms. Mary Monahan Dr. Charles A. Ross Ms. Barbara E. VVhite Mrs. D. 1. Dann Mrs. Paul Kammerer Montgomery Cement, Ltd. Ms. Susan Rothschild Mrs. Alfred H. VVilliams Ms. Elinor A. Dee Mrs. Doris B. Katz Mrs. C. J . Morales Ms. Barbara Ryan Mr. Russell VVilliams Mrs. F. A. Delaura Ms. Elaine Keehn Mr. Austin T. Moser Ms. Diana Salvatore Mr. John W. WIlson Mrs. Richard A. Dennis Dr. M. Hayne Kendrick Ms. Allison Moss Mr. C. A. Schroeder Mrs. John VVinsor Ms. Joy Desai Mr. Milton Kerr Mr. Robert VV. Munson Mr. K. R. Schulz Mr. VValter VVinters Mr. James Y. Dixon Mr. Frank T. Knox Ms. M. K. Nanos Mr. L. L. Schulz Ms. Virginia VVise Mrs. Michael A. Mr. & Mrs. Lewis F. Knudson Mr. Lindsay Nelsen Ms. Nora Schwab Mrs. Lawrence VVong Domaszewicz Mr. L. R. Koenig Ms. Mary Louise Nelson Mr. Carl R. Schwarzer Mrs. John K. VVoodworth Mr. VVilliam T. Dresser Mr. Joseph Kraatz Mr. Charles A Nemecek Ms. Mary B. Sexton Mr. Samuel VVyatt Mr. C. Gibson Dunn Mr. Tom Krajewski Mrs. J . H. Neuhaus Mrs. W. J. Sheffer Mr. T. D. Young Mr. S. J. Duvall Mr. Robert Krehbiel Ms. Jane M. Newman Mr. Benton Sherman Ms. Marjorie Zaitlin Ms. Veronica Dykes Mr. & Mrs. G. R. Kruer Mr. Eric J. Nicolet Mr. Gary Shiflet Ms. Rya W. Zobel Ms. Lorraine F. Elliott Mrs. Josephine J . Laack Mr. Melvin R. Noll Mr. W. Shrewsbury Mrs. Marian Fick Mrs. Lori Lampe Mr. Charles G. Norrington Ms. Mallory P Siegel Mrs. D. Finkelburg Mrs. J. A. Lawrence Mr. Orva Norris Ms. Barbara K. Smith

12SC '*' AHS 1991 Seed Program Catalog 45th Williamsburg GARDEN SYMPOSIUM

April 7-10, 1991

Colonial Williamsburg and the American Horticultural Society invite you to spend four spring days in Williamsburg attend­ ing the 45th Garden Symposium. Come and talk flowers amid the special colors and bouquets of dogwood, redbud, tulips, and other favorites of the season. The theme of the symposium, "Garden Earth," will remind us of the very fragile environment that we all share. As gar­ deners we have special opportunities­ and obligations-to make certain we utilize the soundest methods for protecting plant species, conserving water, and beautifying the earth by planting our own gardens while supporting high quality public landscaping in our many com­ munities. In his keynote address, U.S. As­ sistant Secretary of Agriculture Charles Hess will describe the federal govern­ ment's program for the environment. Added to the informative presentations of a knowledgeable panel of speakers will be tours, exhibits, and clinics. San Francisco will be the honored city, and journalist-lec­ turer Joan Hockaday will present an il­ lustrated talk about her city entitled "Garden-making by the Sea: The Gardens of San Francisco from Gold Rush to Thomas Church." Speakers in order of appearance are: The Honorable Charles Hess, U.s. assistant secretary of agriculture: "Enhancing Gar­ ties: Getting a New Grip on Wildlife in the registration folder, please mail coupon den Earth Through Science and Educa­ Garden." below to Symposium Registrar, Box C, Wil­ tion." Kenn Stephens, preSident, International liamsburg, VA23187, or call (804) 220-7255. Neil Diboll, plant ecologist and nur­ Design Symposium, Ltd., Westwood, Mas­ r------, seryman, Westfield, Wisconsin: "Prairies sachusetts: "Flower Parade: The Color and I I and Meadows: The Ecological Gardens of Style of Flower Arranging Artistry in the I I 45th Williamsburg Yesterday and Tomorrow." Americas." I I Garden Symposium Patricia Gibbs, Colonial Williamsburg Wesley A. Greene, landscape supervisor, historian, and Vanessa Patrick, Colonial Colonial Williamsburg: "Fronds and Please send me a registration folder Williamsburg architectural historian: "The Neighbors: Native Ferns for the Home for the 45th Williamsburg Garden Plantation Gardens of Masters and Slaves Landscape." Symposium. at Carter's Grove." Douglas F. Welsh , preSident, National Joan Hockaday, journalist and lecturer, Xeriscape Council: "Xeriscaping: Water Name San Francisco, California: "Garden­ Conservation Through Creative Land­ making by the Sea: The Gardens of San scaping." Address Francisco from Gold Rush to Thomas Warren Schultz, editor-in-chief, National Church." Gardening magazine: "Glasnost in the Gar­ Jane Campbell Symmes, Cedar Lane Farm, den: An American Visitto Soviet Gardens." City Madison, Georgia: "Using Native Plants in (Closing luncheon) State/Zip ______your Garden." Call a friend and plan to come to Wil­ Roger B. Swain , science editor of Horticul­ liamsburg on April 7. Feast your eyes on a MAIL TO: Symposium Registrar, Box ture magazine and a host of PBS's "The cornucopia of horticultural delights and I C, Williamsburg, VA 23187. Victory Garden:" "Bugs, Birds, and Beas- take home a satchel of new ideas. For a L______~

American Horticulturist· January 1991 • 11 River Farm's view ~ of the Potomac River had been obscured by volun­ teer trees, vines, and brush (left) until Program Director Joe Keyser began clearing the mess during his lunch hour. He is now planting the bank with bulbs and daylilies. Flower-Arranging Seminars Scheduled

Flower arrangers of all experiences are January 15 and ''Modern Sculptural presents The Influence of Ikebana with invited to participate in the many flower­ Designs Using Fruits, Vegetables, and a session on "Line Arrangements in the arranging seminars offered at River Farm Foliages" on January 16. Nash, an West" on June 11 and "Modern Massed this year. The series is presented by AHS artist and flower arranger, leans Line Designs" on June 12. in conjunction with International Design toward a naturalistic approach in her Floral materials will be provided for Symposium, Ltd., a nonprofit education designs. She has judged shows for the each workshop, but participants are and service organization that explores Garden Club of America, the National encouraged to bring flowers and design design methods in fine and decorative Council of State Garden Clubs, and the materials from their own gardens as well arts, garden design, architecture, interior American Daffodil Society. as containers oftheir choice. The 10 a.m. design, and historic preservation. February will usher in The Romantic to 4 p.m. sessions are $75 per day and In January, Sally Nash will present Era with two classes by Pauline Runkle. include supplies and lunch. Registration The Classical World-More than "Candlelight, Flowers, and Music- Table is limited to 20 participants per session. Ancient Ruins, featuring ''Traditional Arrangements" will be held on February For more information call or write AHS. Designs Using Fruit and Foliages" on 27; ''Using Flowers and Contemporary Glass" on February 28. As owner of Floral Artistry in Manchester-by-the-Sea, Helpful Lists Massachusetts, Runkle designs distinc­ tive arrangements for corporations, individuals, and museums. The Gardeners' Information Service March brings The Renaissance-Heir has three resource bulletins that to Many Flower Traditions with Kenn will be of interest to gardeners and Stephens, founder and president of horticultural professionals. Plant IDS. On March 19 Stephens will Societies of the United States and present "Flower Arrangements and a Canada, National Horticultural New Renaissance" followed by "Designs Organizations in the United States that Speak of Form and Texture" on and Canada, and Gardening, Hor­ March 20. Stephens's work explores ticultural, and Botanical Publishers of North America are available for the relationship between garden design and interior design. His clients have $1.50 each (or all three for $4). included the National Cathedral in GIS has also completed a series Washington, D.C., Christ Church of lists of gardens in every state Cathedral in Houston, Texas, and and Canadian province. Each briefly describes state/provincial Westminster Abbey in London. Stephens will return with The botanical gardens, arboreta, and Mother of Gardens, featuring "Flower conservatories; museum, estate, Art of Ancient China," on May 14 and This year's fall festival, "A Celebration of and historic gardens; and other "Naturalistic and Gardenesque Japan," drew a record attendance of 2,300. public gardens. To receive a GIS Arrangements" on May 15. In June he Outdoors, visitors enjoyed Japanese food garden list, send $1 per state or and browsed through crafts and plants for province (five for $4) to Gardeners' sale. Indoors, they were treated to koto Information Service at the AHS music, oriental paintings, and an exhibit of address. Make checks payable to Contact AHS at 7931 East Boulevard ikebana floral arrangements by the Ohara the American Horticultural Society. Drive, Alexandria, Virginia 22308, (703) 768·5700, or (800) 777·7931. School of Washington.

12. American Horticulturist • January 1991 Low Profile Among Pros reshaping of the magazine, is absolute­ ly necessary. In the meantime, I am I have a small horticultural business, grateful to the Society for the work it and I am appalled at the number of does, for its fine publications, and for people in our profession who are not the presence of this learned group. members of the American Horticultural Mary Wetzel Peddie Society. As a founder of the Internation­ Washington, Kentucky al Herb Growers and Marketers Association, a charter member of the You are right that everyone would Kentucky Herb Growers and benefit from a closer association Marketers Association, and an between AHS and the nursery profes­ honorary member ofthe Oklahoma sion. There are, of course, a number of Herb Growers, I am well aware that excellent organizations and publica­ organizations like these have many tions exclusively for professionals. But potential AHS members. But I have yet professionals and consumers need a to see a mention of River Farm, forum for communicating with each American Horticulturist magazine or other. As our president, George C. Ball News Edition, or to encounter a display Jr. , noted in our September News at any of the large trade shows. Edition, this would result in gardeners Although the publications of the demanding higher quality, and being The above plan, reproduced with permis­ organization are not directed at the willing to pay for it when they get it. sion from The City Gardener's Handbook, industry itself, they are for our Unfortunately, membership and shows a corner of Linda Yang's yard, customers. As business people we need marketing campaigns are expensive-a where she has concealed her compost to support AHS. But in order to sup­ case of needing money to make money. behind a rhododendron and a birch. port it, businesses must be approached, As an extremely lean, nonprofit group, must see the advantages offered, and we must rely on our friends in the profes­ should, by all rights, "pay their dues" sion to support us in low-cost ways: compost! I couldn't imagine coping with to the industry by supporting this distributing membership brochures to compost in a small city space until I nonprofit organization. their customers, contributing to our met a rooftop gardener who did. His American gardeners are becoming seed program, advertising in our publi­ heap was a study in simplicity: a much more sophisticated. They are no cations. Plant societies can mention us slatted wood box about the size of an longer satisfied with the overgrown in their newsletters. There are probably orange crate (which maybe it had blooming flats set out on hot asphalt at other ways that we haven't thought of, been), raised an inch or so off the floor garden centers. They are looking for and we're open to suggestions. and topped with a hinged cover stained quality, for perennials, and for larger a nondescript shade. His compost pile plants. Smart discount houses are A Glory-ous Bin did not smell. Nor was it visually aware of this and now train garden offensive. It also occupied hardly any center personnel to care for the In regard to the request in the space at all. material that they contract to be November issue for ways to camouflage The only space I could find on my grown. We have come a long way, but compost: For years I have used a terrace garden for my own venture was we need to go further, and AHS can simple system consisting of a four-foot a half whiskey barrel prepared for a help. But a membership campaign, diameter circle of 48-inch tall, six-inch plant I'd never bought. The whiskey wider advertising, perhaps some square wire fencing held in place by barrel has since been replaced by a three inexpensive fiberglass electric variety of more fancy-looking compost fence stakes. Each spring I've allowed "makers." The best is a rigid, dark crown vetch to cover the wires, but a brown polyethylene affair that Geranium Book morning glory such as 'Heavenly Blue' measures a squarish two feet wide by would do just as well. Thus the site is two and a half feet high, and blends Mary Peddie of Rutland of Kentucky handsomely screened during the discreetly into the shadow of a shrub. Herb Specialists and Judy Lewis of growing season and after our first hard Linda Yang Lewis Mountain Herbs are working frost I simply add the debris from the New York City on a book project about scented screening plant to the compost. I do not geraniums. They are accumulating tum the pile. The stakes and screen Linda Yang, garden columnist for the bibliographic data, primary written are easily removed when I'm ready to New York Times, describes her sources, and unpublished primary fill my beds with the compost. introduction to composting more fully source information. They would Sharon E. Herrmann in her new book, The City Gardener's appreciate hearing from AHS Kirkwood, Pennsylvania Handbook: From Balcony to Backyard. members who have data, She now gardens in a back yard information, and knowledge about Compost on a Rooftop measuring 18 by 50 feet, and as a photo the "scenteds." Contact Mary in her book shows, her compost maker Peddie, P.O. Box 182, Washington, Of course city and suburban gardeners is invisible behind the screen of a KY 41096, (606) 759-7815. can have attractive or unobtrusive rhododendron and a birch.

American Horticulturist · J anuary 1991 + 13 · .

Gardeners~.'. Bookshelf .

a particular plant. But even if you the technical aspects of building water just want to learn more about the gardens. plants you already grow, this book is The final chapter of Water Gardens ]\1as[crs for you. Rhododendrons, hostas, contains a detailed plant list with o('fl1c daylilies, roses, antique fruit trees, recommendations from three experts herbs, dwarf conifers, peonies, who garden in three different zones: ,lic[o('» wildflowers, lilies, and peppers each Eva Feuersenger owns Hillier Water G'aZ 'dC"11 receive a chapter. The garden Gardens in Qualicum Beach, British masters of each offer tips on how to Columbia, in Zone 8; Howard R. Crum ')p.~cialtl· Gardeners get started and suggest cultivars and is operations manager of Lilypons Shan' Their species for the beginner. Wilson also Water Gardens in Lilypons, Maryland, E"II''''( 1/'dmi'llf1!s includes general information on each in Zone 7; Sue See is owner/manager of plant-how to grow, when to plant, Moore Water Gardens Ltd. in Port pests and diseases to watch out for, and more. Sidebars and boxes throughout the chapters include specific information on and photos of a variety of plant-related projects, including hybridizing daylilies, dividing hostas, grafting fruit trees, protecting peppers. The layout of the book, combined with the excellent photos and Wilson's enjoyable writing style, makes this a Masters of the Victory Garden book 1 know ill refer to again and again. -Mary Beth Wiesner Jim Wilson. Little, Brown and Company, Boston, 1990. 244 pages. Color photographs. Publisher's price: Water Gardens softcover, $19.95. AHS member price: $17.00. Edited by David Archibald and Mary Patton. Illustrations by Marta Scythes. Since 1 never tire of reading about the Camden House, Willowdale, Ontario, experiences of other gardeners, 1 was Canada, 1990. 95 pages. Color eager to settle down with Masters of photographs and black-and-white the Victory Garden. 1 wasn't illustrations. Publisher's price: soft­ disappointed. Jim Wilson-a host of cover, $9.95. AHS member price: $8.45. the PBS series ''The Victory Garden" and author of this companion volume­ Water Gardens, produced by the editors Stanley, Ontario, in Zone 5. Nymphaea digs deep into the lives of each of the of Harrowsmith Country Life species (water lilies) and Nelumbo featured gardeners, discovering their magazine, is a good introduction to the species (lotuses) each have their own secrets of raising beautiful plants and world of water gardening. The book is sections followed by alphabetical delving into the history of their composed of a series of essays written listings of hardy marginal (shallow particular gardening passions. by experts in the water gardening arena. water plants) and bog plants (moisture­ Wilson writes: "For lack of a better "Old Pleasures Rediscovered" by loving plants that grow at the sides of name, we call them 'Masters of the Montreal landscape architect Friedrich ponds); tropical marginal and bog Victory Garden.' None has the hubris to Oehmichen examines the history of plants; and oxygenating plants. Plants proclaim, 'I am the best!' They flinch at water gardening. "Design and Con­ are illustrated with black-and-white the term 'expert,' and even grumble at struction" is given a thorough going drawings and each listing includes a being called an 'authority.'" He adds, over by Douglas Gilberg, a specialty brief description of the plant and its "My new friends would be the first to grower of herbaceous and aquatic habitat and comments from all three admit that 1 would not have gone plants in Saint Louis, Missouri. experts. Gardeners who like full-color wrong had 1 chosen some other Garden "Management and Maintenance" is photographs of plants may be Master in their specialties. The woods described in clear terms by Henry disappointed to find black-and-white are full of good hobby gardeners Reimer, who propagates aquatic plants drawings in this section, but the growing specialty plants. 1 chose to near Tillsonburg, Ontario. Jennifer illustrations by Marta Scythes are feature these particular Garden Bennett, a contributing editor of precisely detailed. 1 wish the editors Masters to present a cross section of Harrowsmith magazine, discovers the had thought to label the drawings-in backgrounds, ages, lifestyles, pleasures of container water gardening some cases it's difficult to tell which aspirations, and climates." in the final essay of the book. Color drawings go with which plants. Overall Many general gardeners may be photographs illustrate landscaping this is a good book for the beginner. harboring a secret wish to specialize in ideas, aquatic plants and animals, and -M. B. W.

14 .. American Horticulturist· January 1991 The Naming of Flowers If you've ever wondered how garden nymph Syrinx. He pursued her flowers received their names, The through the forest and when Syrinx Anne Halpin. Illustrations by Rob Naming of Flowers is just the book to collapsed in exhaustion on the bank of Proctor. Harper & Row, New York, begin your education. In this pocket­ a river, Pan went to embrace her. But 1990. 64 pages. Color illustrations. size book Anne Halpin explores the the water nymphs had rescued Syrinx Publisher's price: hardcover, $10.00. stories behind the names of 27 wild and Pan found himself "hugging a AHS member price: $8.50. and garden flowers. Bleeding-heart clump of reeds instead. His beloved lost (Dicentra spectabilis), marigold, to him, Pan cut the reeds into several I've loved books and stories since my bachelor's-button (Centaurea cyanus), lengths and made a pipe upon which he parents read me my first bedtime tale dame's rocket (Hesperis matronalis), played the plaintive melodies of his as a child, but I never realized that the primrose, and Saint-John's-wort broken heart." stories behind the names of plants (Hypericum) are among the flowers The backgrounds of some plant could be as absorbing as any fairy tale included. names are easy to figure out-pinks, was then. Plant names may One of my favorites is the story of the common name for Dianthus, are commemorate persons in the field of the lilac. Syringa, the lilac's botanical named for their color-but others may botany or biology or they may describe name, is derived from the Greek syrinx, require some imagination. The spurs of plant parts, but many botanical and or pipe, a reference to the plant's the delphinium flower resemble the common plant names are rooted in hollow stems. "A syrinx is not just any nose of a bottle-nosed dolphin and its ancient myths, legends, and folklore. kind of pipe-it is the name of the pipe name is based on delphis, the Greek of Pan, whose haunting sound perfectly word for dolphin. reflects its sad origins." According to Rob Proctor's botanical illustrations Greek myth, Pan, the goat-footed god beautifully complement the stories. Book Order of shepherds, was in love with the -M.B. W Form The Wildflower Gardener's Please send me these books Guide: Pacific Northwest, at the special AHS member prices. Rocky Mountain, and D THENAMING Western Canada Edition OF FLOWERS .• • $8.50 HAR205 Henry W Art. Storey D MASTERS OF THE Communications, Inc., Pownal, VICTORY GARDEN $17.00 Vermont, 1990. 179 pages. Color UT215 D WATER GARDENS $8.45 photographs and black-and­ CAMllO white line drawings. Publisher's D WILDFLOWER GARDENER'S price: softcover, $12.95. AHS GUIDE member price: $11 .00. D PACIFIC NORTHWEST . $11.00 GAR213 D NORTHEAST . $11.00 The low-maintenance and GAR312 environmental aspects of native D CALIFORNIA • $11.00 plant gardening have enticed GAR043 many gardeners to set aside I would like to order books. small areas for native species or to create sweeping wildflower Postage and handling: $2.50, first meadows in large vacant areas. book; $1.50, each additional book. If you are a recent convert to Virginia residents add 4V2% sales the native plant movement, a tax. Please allow six weeks for veteran of wildflower plantings, delivery. Prices are subject to change or just want to see what the without notice. fuss is all about, pick up a copy D Enclosed is my check for $ _ _ _ of The Wildflower Gardener's Guide. This is the newest sections-north coastal forest, montane D Charge to: edition to the series, which includes forest, alpine, and dry foothill species. o Visa 0 MasterCard Exp. Date ___ two other guides- for the Northeast, Each wildflower is illustrated with a Acct. # ______Mid-Atlantic, Great Lakes, and Eastern color photograph and a detailed Signature ______Canada and for California, Desert black-and-white line drawing. A map Southwest, and Northern Mexico. showing the plant's natural range and Art's book is packed with information a chart listing family, color, height, Shlpw ______on wildflower gardening. Included are flowering time, fruiting time, growth Street ______suggestions of how to use native plants cycle, hardiness zone, and habitat are City ______in the garden-in beds and borders, in also included. Descriptions are followed State ______Zip __ rock gardens, in containers, as ground by cultural information, propagation covers, and to attract butterflies and methods, and lists of companion plants. Daytime phone number ______hummingbirds; detailed information on Appendices list suppliers of seed and what to plant, when to plant, and how plants, botanical gardens and arboreta, MAIL TO: AHS Books, 7931 East to plant; propagation techniques; and native plant and horticultural societies, Boulevard Drive, Alexandria, VA conservation methods. and references. A glossary and index 22308. Then it's on to the 33 plant descrip­ are also provided. tions. Wildflowers are divided into four - M. B. W

American Horticulturist · J anuary 1991 + 15 Mid-Atlantic League of Saint Louis, 10405 Clayton Rd., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Informa­ Saint Louis, MO 63131, (314) 997-3407. tion: Pennsylvania Horticultural • Feb. S-10. The Maymont Flower Society, 325 Walnut St., Philadelphia, and Garden Show. Richmond Centre, Northeast PA 19106-2777. 400 East Marshall St., Richmond, Virginia. Information: Maymont • Jan. 20-22. Empire State Tree Northwest Foundation, 1700 Hampton St., Conference. Syracuse, New York. Richmond, VA 23220, (804) 358-7166. Information: New York State Arborists • Feb. 5, 7. Course: Fundamentals Association, (518) 783-1322. of Plant Recognition. Center for Urban • Feb. 15. Class: Low Main­ Horticulture, University of Washington, tenance Perennials. U.S. Botanic • Feb. 2S-Mar. 3. The 75th Annual Seattle, Washington. Information: Dave Garden, Maryland Ave. and First St., Worcester Spring Flower Show: Stockdale, (206) 685-8033 for details on S.W, Washington, DC. Information: The Language of Spring. The this and other classes. Public Programs Office, (202) 226-4082. Centrum, Worcester, Massachusetts. Information: Worcester County • Feb. 7-8. Alaska Greenhouse & • Feb. 15-16. Third Annual Horticultural Society, (508) 869-6111. Nursery Conference. Anchorage. Meeting ofthe Association of Information: Cathy Wright, Alaska Professional Landscape Designers Division of Agriculture, SR Box 7440, in conjunction with the environ­ Palmer, AK 99645, (907) 745-4119. mental conference "Leaving No AIlS Calendar Stone Unturned V." Bethesda, • Feb. 15-1S. Northwest Flower Maryland. Information: Joel Lerner, The American Horticultural Society's and Garden Show. Washington State membership chair, (301) 652-1212 or National Calendar of Gardening Convention Center, 8th and Pike St., Peggy Connors, executive vice­ Events is North America's most Seattle, Washington. Information: president, (617) 934-5200. complete guide to the horticultural Northwest Flower and Garden Show, and gardening events occurring 1515 N.W 51st, Seattle, WA98107, through December 1991. The 56- • Feb. 20-24. The Washington (206) 789-5333, Fax (206) 784-5545. Flower and Garden Show. page calendar provides times, places, contacts, and descriptive Washington Convention Center, 900 South Central Ninth St., N.W., Washington, DC. information on activities scheduled by hundreds of plant societies, Information: TJS Productions, 7668-B • Jan. 23-25. American Sod Fullerton Rd., Springfield, VA 22153, state and regional horticultural Producers Association Midwinter (703) 569-7141. societies, garden clubs, and public Conference & Exposition. San gardens, arboreta, and trade Antonio, Texas. Information: American organizations. The National • Mar.1S-17. The 10th Anniversary Sod Producers Association, 1855-A Pesticide Forum of the National Calendar also includes information Hicks Rd., Rolling Meadows, IL 60008, Coalition Against the Misuse of on Arbor Days throughout the (708) 705-9898, Fax (708) 705-8347. Pesticides-A Decade of Determina­ nation, major flower shows, and an appendix of those groups tion: A Future of Change. Alexandria, Southeast Virginia. Information: NCAMP, 701 E sponsoring events. Calendars are available for $3 each-just $2.25 St., S.E., Suite 200, Washington, DC • Jan. 20-23. Landscape Magic 20003, (202) 543-5450. when ordering more than 10. For '91. Hosted by Walt Disney World discounts on larger amounts or for Seminar Productions and the Florida nonprofit organizations, call (800) North Central Nurserymen and Growers Association. 777-7931. Lake Buena Vista, Florida. Information: • Jan. 5-S. GrowerExpo '91. Walt Disney World Seminar Produc­ Pheasant Run Resort, Saint Charles, • Mar. 8-17. New York Flower tions, Landscape Magic '91, P.O. Box Illinois. Information: GrowerExpo '91, Show. Pier 92, 55th St. and the 10,000, Lake Buena Vista, FL 32830- P.O. Box 532, Geneva, IL 60134, (708) Hudson River, New York, New York. 1000, (407) 363-6620. 208-9080, Fax (708) 208-9350. Information: Horticultural Society of New York, 128 West 58 St., New York, • Feb. 1-3. Come to the Source. • Jan. 12-Mar.10. Azalea Show. NY 10019, (212) 757-0915. Louisville, Kentucky. Hosted by the Foellinger-Freimann Botanical Conser­ Management Clinic of the American As­ vatory, Fort Wayne, Indiana. Informa­ • Mar. 9-17. New England Spring sociation of Nurserymen. Information: tion: Foellinger-Freimann Botanical Flower Show. Sponsored by the The Management Clinic, 1250 I St., Conservatory, 1100 South Calhoun St., Massachusetts Horticultural Society. N.W, Suite 500, Washington, DC Fort Wayne, IN 46802, (219) 427-1267. Information: Massachusetts Horticul­ 20005, (202) 789-2900. tural Society, 300 Massachusetts Ave. , • Jan. 31-Feb. 3. Saint Louis Boston, MA 02115, (617) 536-9280. • Feb. 7-10. Show: Orchids Flower Show. Kiel Hall, 1400 Market Around Florida. Treasure Coast St., Saint Louis, Missouri. Information: • Mar. 10-17. Philadelphia Flower Mall, Stuart, Florida. Information: Saint Louis Flower Show, Junior Show. Philadelphia Civic Center, John Murchake, (407) 692-9105.

16 .. American Horticulturist • January 1991 • Feb. 16. Sixth Annual Guilford camellia hybridzer Julius Nuccio. California. Information: ALCA, 405 Horticultural Society Symposium. Information: (818) 952-4400. North Washington St., Suite 104, Falls Guilford County Agricultural Center, Church, VA 22046, (703) 241-4004, Fax 3309 Burlington Rd., Greensboro, • Jan. 31. Spring Hort Show. (703) 532-0463. North Carolina. Information: Jean­ Fairplex Exposition Center, Los nette Windham, Symposium Chairper­ Angeles County Fairgrounds, Pomona, • Mar. 7·10. The 43rd Annual son, 5070 Bunch Rd. , Summerfield, NC California. Information: Richard California and Pacific Southwest 27358, (919) 643-5677. Staples, 3136 Root Ave., Carmichael, Recreation & Park Conference and CA 95608, (916) 488-6434. Exhibit. Santa Clara Convention • Feb. 22·24. The 16th Annual Center, Santa Clara, California. AVSA-Judged Show: The Gay '90s­ • Feb. 7. Garden Talk: Plants of Information: Susan Wipf, Director of Then and Now. Eastlake Square New Zealand. Slide lecture by Kathy Marketing, CPRS/ NRPA Conference Mall, Tampa, Florida. Sponsored by the Musial, curator at the Huntington Headquarters, PO. Box 161118, Tampa African Violet Society. Informa­ Botanical Gardens, San Marino, Sacramento, CA95816, (916) 446-2777, tion: Joanne Martinez, Chairman, 809 California. Information: (818) 405-2282. Fax (916) 446-0285. Taray DeAvila, Tampa, FL 33613, (813) 963-7424. • Feb. 8-June 2. Exhibition: International Orchids: A Victorian Passion. • Feb. 23·Mar. 3. The South's Huntington Library Exhibition Hall, • Feb. 3·5. International Garden Salute to Spring. Charlotte Merchan­ San Marino, California. Information: Centre Conference '91. Burswood dise Mart, Charlotte, North Carolina. (818) 405-2282. Convention Centre, Perth, Australia. Information: Southern Spring Shows, Information: John Stanley Associates, Inc., 810 Baxter St., PO. Box 36859, • Feb. 9. African Violet Show. 142 Hummerston Rd., Kalamunda, Charlotte, NC 28236, (704) 376-6594, South Coast Botanic Garden, Palos Western Australia 6076. Telephone Fax (704) 376-6345. Verdes Peninsula, California. Sponsored +619293-4533, Fax +619 293-4561. by the South Coast African Violet • Feb. 26. Behind·the·Scenes Society. Information: (213) 772-5813. • Feb. 27·Mar. 3. Garden Club of Tour of Selby Gardens. 811 South Toronto Show: If I Had a Dream... Palm Ave., Sarasota, Florida. • Feb. 17·20. First Annual Civic Garden Centre, 777 Lawrence Information: Spencer Ketchum, Executive Forum of the Associated Ave. East, Don Mills, Ontario, M3C Director, News Bureau, Selby Gardens, Landscape Contractors of America. IP2. Information: Judy Dingle, (416) (813) 366-5731. Radisson Palm Springs Resort and 447-5218. Convention Center, Palm Springs, • Mar. 2. The Secret Garden-A Symposium. North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina. Keynote speaker Allen Lacy. Information: Catherine Knes-Maxwell, NCSU Arboretum, PO. Box 7609, Raleigh, NC 27695-7609, (919) 737-3132.

• Mar. 6·10. Atlanta Flower Show. Atlanta Apparel Mart and INFORUM , Atlanta, Georgia. Information: Kate Nerone, Atlanta Flower Show, Atlanta Market Center, 240 Peachtree St., N.w., Suite 2200, Atlanta, GA30303, (404) 220-2121.

West Coast • Jan. 13. Bulb Sale. Sponsored by the Southern California Gladiolus Society. Los Angeles State and County Arboretum, Arcadia, California. Infor­ mation: (818) 446-8251. The 400 water breaker • Jan. 18·21. First Annual Los Angeles International Flower and and hand i-reach handle. Garden Show. Fairplex Convention Complex (Pomona), Los Angeles, The original shower head California. Information: Duane Kelly or Deion Torgeson, (714) 593-8865. garden nozzle, copied

• Jan. 19. Camellia Seminar. worldwide but never equaled. Descanso Gardens, LaCanada Flintridge, California. Demonstration DEPT. AH, P.O. BOX 1960, MANITOWOC, WI 54221, U.S.A. of grafting camellias and lecture by (414) 684-0227 FAX (414) 684-4499

American Horticulturist • J anuary 1991 + 17 the mail. To obtain your copy, write American Classified Ad Rates: $1 per word; PRO BIOTIC "HUMA GRO" INDOOR Horticultural Society, Catalog of Garden minimum $20 per insertion. 10 percent PLANT FOOD 8-16-5 SafeINontoxic Good for Books, 7931 East Boulevard Dr. , Alexandria, discount for three consecutive ads all Plants * Violets Orchids Mums Ficus VA 22308. (800) 777-7931 or (703) 768-5700. * * * using same copy, provided each * Spaths * Palms * Concentrated Liquid 4 oz. insertion meets the $20 minimum after BOXWOOD Bottle $4.50 postpaid. INTERSCAPE, Box taking discount. Copy must be received George Washington embellished his planta­ 254, Westhampton, NY 11977. (516) 325-2076. by the 20th day of the month three tion. Mount Vernon, with a variety oftrees and Ask about our other Probiotic Products * months prior to publication date. Send shrubs. In November of 1798 his gardeners Guaranteed Results. orders to: American Horticultural recorded planting English boxwood in both his GREENHOUSE ACCESSORIES kitchen and pleasure gardens. Many of those Society Advertising Department, 7931 COMPLETE MIST PROPAGATION SYS­ boxwood planted in 1798 still survive today. East Boulevard Drive, Alexandria, VA TEMS. New advanced "MISTOSTAT" gets Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, proprietors 22308, or call (703) 768-5700 or (800) phenomenal results. Free brochures. of Mount Vernon, are offering descendants of AQUAMONITOR, Dept. 5, Box 327, Hun­ 777-7931. George Washington's original boxwood for $5 tington, NY 11743. (516) 427-5664. each plus postage and handling. For your own piece ofliving history, write the Mount Vernon GROUND COVERS AFRICAN VIOLETS Ladies' Association, Dept. AH91, Mount Ver­ QUALITY GROUND COVERS AND PEREN­ non, VA 22121. (703) 780-2000. Orders will be NIALS. Aegopodium, European Ginger, Ivies, America's Finestr-177 best violets and ges­ shipped in Spring, 1991. neriads. Color Catalog and Growing "Tips" 50 Lamiums, Hardy Cactus, Plumbago, Sweet cents. FISCHER GREENHOUSES, Box H, BULBS Woodruff, Sedums, Vincas. Over 100 varieties. GILSON GARDENS, INC., Dept. H, P.O. Box Linwood, NJ 08221. Dutch bulbs for fall planting. 12 CM Tulips, 277, Perry, OH 44081. THE AVANT GARDENER DNI Daffodils, Hyacinths and Miscellaneous. Catalog Free. Paula Parker DBA, Mary Mat­ HELP WANTED DIFFERENT, EXCITING, GREAT FUN TO tison van Schaik. IMPORTED DUTCH READ! Subscribe to the unique news service RESIDENT HEAD GARDENERIHORTICUL­ BULBS, P.O. Box 32AH, Cavendish, VT TURIST-KENMORE, FREDERICKSBURG, that brings you the most useful information on 05142. new plants, products, techniques-with sources. VA. Maintenance/conservation of one city block 23rd year. Curious? Sample copy $1. Serious? CARNIVOROUS PLANTS historic house museum garden open to the public. One of country's first 18th-century "res­ $12 full year (reg. $18). THE AVANT GAR­ Carnivorous (Insectivorous) Plants, seeds, tored" gardens. Responsibilities: 1) scheduling DENER, P.O. Box 489M, New York, NY 10028. supplies, and books. Color brochure free. and direct participation in maintenance PETER PAULS NURSERIES, Canandaigua, BONSAI duties; 2) designing and performing layout NY 14424. Bonsai Plants, Pots, Tools, Books, Supplies. work; 3) propagation program; 4) accessioning Catalog $1. BONSAI FARM, Box 130AH, CHESTNUTS AND PERSIMMONS and maintaining plant records; 5) historical Lavernia, TX 78121. CHESTNUTS AND PERSIMMONS. Blight­ research/documentation; 6) development of garden interpretation. Qualifications: 1) BOOKS Resistant Dunstan Hybrid Chestnuts, New Oriental Persimmons. CHESTNUT HILL professional and practical knowledge of hor­ 1985 Edition EXOTICA 4, with 16,300 photos, NURSERY, Rt. 1, Box 34IAH, Alachua, FL ticulture, garden design, and historic plants; 2) 405 in color. 2,600 pages in 2 volumes, with 32615. ability to cooperate with staff and communi­ Addenda of 1,000 updates by Dr. A.B. Graf, cate well with public; 3) general security $187. TROPICA 3, revised 1986, 7,000 color DWARF CONIFERS duties. Must reside in apartment on grounds. photos, now 1,156 pages, $125. Exotic House DWARF CONIFERS: Send for our 50 page Position open. Send resume, with character Plants, 1,200 photos, $8.95. Shipping addi­ Catalog No. 8 ($2, refundable on first order) and professional references to Director, Ken­ tional. Circulars gladly sent. ROEHRS COM­ describing over 200 types of dwarf conifers and more, 1201 Washington Ave., Fredericksburg, PANY, Box 125, E. Rutherford, NJ 07073. hybrid kalmias by size. shape. color. and tex­ VA 22401. CAROL DIDRICK'S LITILE RED BOOK ON ture. Available via UPS in 1, 2, and 3 gal. CAREER OPPORTUNITY. HORTICUL­ OLD GARDEN ROSES. Where to get them container sizes. WASHINGTON EVER­ TURIST AND LANDSCAPE MAIN­ and where to plant them. An introduction to GREEN NURSERY, P.O. Box 388AH, TENANCE SUPERVISOR WITH NORTH OLD GARDEN ROSES. Each book signed and Leicester, NC 28748. CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF CULTURAL numbered. Send $14.95 postpaid. CAROL GARDEN TOURS RESOURCES AT LARGE HISTORIC SITE. DID RICK, 1535 Willard Dr., Orrville, OH B.S. DEGREE IN HORTICULTURE OR 44667. *Please add $2 for out-of-country mail­ Distinctive, well-researched planning and LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE RE­ ing. itineraries for garden touring and travel to QUIRED. INTEREST OR EXPERIENCE IN Great Britain, France, Italy, Japan, and the HISTORIC HORTICULTURE DESIRABLE. Books Available Horticulture, Botany, U.S. Planning for garden clubs a specialty. For SALARY RANGE $25,543 TO $41,172. POSI­ Landscaping, Flowers, Fruits, Herbs, Rural information: LIMEWALK TOURS, 102 Lake TION AVAILABLE AROUND JULY 1, 1991. Matters, published 1550-1990. Catalog free. St., Burlington, VT 05401, (802) 864-5720. SEND RESUME TO KAY WILLIAMS, AD­ POMONA, Rockton, Ontario, Canada LOR GARDENING SUPPLIES MINISTRATOR, TRYON PALACE RES­ lXO. TORATION, P.O. BOX 1007, NEW BERN, NC OVER 1,000 GARDEN BOOKS! The all-new GOATSKIN GLOVES. Tough, lightweight, 28563. American Horticultural Society Catalog of napa goatskin stretches and becomes form-fit­ ting, giving wearer ultimate in fit, grip, dex­ We at the American Horticultural Society are Garden Books (Fall Edition) is now available often asked to refer individuals for significant with well over 1,000 titles covering every terity. Natural lanolin in leather keeps hands soft. Sizes 7-10 or send outline of hand. $11.50 horticultural positions around the country. We aspect of horticulture, gardening, plants, are not in a position to offer full placement design, and much more. All titles are dis­ postpaid. PUTNAM'S, Box 295-AH, Wilton, NH 03086. services to candidates or employers. However, counted at least 15 percent with some extra as a service to our members, both individuals special savings available! Previous AHS book and employers alike, we would be very glad to buyers will receive a catalog and order form in

18 + American Horticulturist • January 1991 receive resumes and cover letters of in­ tilbe; Ferns; Dianthus; Lilies; Succulents; dividuals seeking job changes and employers Phlox; Grasses; Poppies; Vines; Forbs; Rare seeking candidates. All responsibility for Plants. PERPETUAL PERENNIALS, 1111 checking references and determining the ap­ Upper Valley Pike, Springfield, OH 45504. HERBS propriateness of both position and candidate (513) 325-2451. rests with the individuals. AHS's participation PLANTS (UNUSUAL) Ie in this activity is only to serve as a connecting point for members ofthe Society. Inquiries and OVER 1,000 KINDS OF CHOICE & AFFORD­ informational materials should be sent to: ABLE PLANTS. Outstanding Ornamel'ltals, PERENNIALS Horticultural Employment, American Hor­ American Natives, Perennials, Rare Conifers, ticultural Society, 7931 East Boulevard Dr., Pre-Bonsai, Wildlife Plants, much more. OVER 300 VARIETIES Alexandria, VA 22308. Descriptive catalog $3. 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American Horticulturist· J anuary 1991 • 19 microinjection may make it possible for administered by the Small Business Viral Pesticide scientists to transfer the natural Administration. Under the program, resistance chemicals into tomatoes. SBA will provide grants to state and Looks Promising The tomato fruitworm also enjoys local governments which, in turn, will potatoes, corn, cotton, and soybeans, contract with small businesses to plant Virologists from Boyce Thompson which might likewise be protected with trees on state and municipal lands. Institute for Plant Research and the transferred natural chemical. The program includes funds that will entomologists at the New York State maintain the newly planted trees for Agricultural Experiment Station of three years. Cornell are monitoring a cabbage patch where a genetically altered virus was Tree Acts Pass released in August 1989. This is the first experiment of its kind conducted President Bush's tree planting in the United States. The virus is a initiative, "America the Beautiful," was Big Green version of a naturally occurring approved by Congress in October. The organism that destroys cabbage loopers initiative, which was included in the Blackballed but is harmless to other organisms. So forestry portion of the 1990 Farm Bill, far the virus has not spread beyond the received $73.7 million for fiscal year Opposition by almost two-thirds of target plot and ladybugs and other 1991. Of that amount, $21.2 million California voters spelled defeat for the beneficial insects have been unaffected. will be designated for urban and "Big Green" environmental initiative The scientists hope the virus will be a community tree planting and in November. Proposed by a coalition of forerunner of viral pesticides that can improvements, $32.5 million will be California politicians and environmen­ replace some chemicals. used for rural forestry programs, and talists, Proposition 128 would have $20 million will be used to create the phased out the use of chemicals known National Tree Trust Act of 1990. to cause cancer and expanded the state President Bush has called the Tree government's power to protect Petunia Protector Trust Act "a key part" of the "America endangered areas (see the July News the Beautiful" legislation. It calls for Edition). It addressed issues of global Natural insecticides may help the president to designate a private warming, contamination of food, and petunias-distant relatives of the nonprofit foundation to receive a pollution of coastal waters, and con­ tomato-fend off the destructive one-time federal grant that will tained a provision to protect ancient tomato fruitworm. The natural promote public awareness of the redwood stands from being cleared. chemicals were discovered in petunia importance of trees and provide The initiative was vigorously leaves and stems by Agricultural financial assistance to grassroots opposed by farmers and nursery Research Service scientists in Albany, volunteers to plant trees. The professionals, who said it would have California. When fruitworms were fed foundation will also begin to raise eliminated up to half of the pesticides the chemicals-petuniolides and millions of dollars more to help reforest they use and made growing some field petuniasterones-young tomato America's communities. crops virtually impossible. The fruitworm larvae died and the growth "America the Beautiful" calls for the initiative's loss was blamed on its price of older worms was stunted. planting, maintenance, and improve­ tag-estimated at anywhere from $3 Studies of two other tomato relatives ment of one billion trees per year over billion to $12 billion a year-and indicate that fruitworm-fighting chemi­ the next several years. voters' cynicism about government cals are also present in cape gooseberry Congress also funded a $15 million bureaucracies, rather than a lack of and tomatillo. Protoplast fusion and tree planting program that will be concern about the environment.

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