Strasbourg, 4 July 2017 CDL(2017)023 *

Study No. 873/2017 Or. bil.

EUROPEAN COMMISSION FOR DEMOCRACY THROUGH LAW (VENICE COMMISSION)

COMPARATIVE TABLE

ON

THE ALLOCATION OF SEATS TO CONSTITUENCIES

______

TABLEAU COMPARATIF

SUR

L’ATTRIBUTION DES SIEGES AUX CIRCONSCRIPTIONS

*This document has been classified restricted on the date of issue. Unless the Venice Commission decides otherwise, it will be declassified a year after its issue according to the rules set up in Resolution CM/Res(2001)6 on access to Council of Europe documents. This document will not be distributed at the meeting. Please bring this copy. www.venice.coe.int CDL(2017)023 - 2 -

Permissible Types of Reallocation or If Redrawing, Decided Country Legal Basis Allocation Criterion Departure from the Constituencies Redrawing by Whom Norm Constitution 12 multi-member- Population N/A Electoral Code, Art 76 Electoral Code, Art 74/2 Article 64 constituencies Electoral Code, “As a rule, 4 months Administrative boundaries of Electoral Code Constitution, Art 64/1 Art 75/1 before the starting date the regions are decided by (approved by Law no. The Assembly consists of the electoral period, the law on the 10 019, dated 29 of 140 deputies, elected The number of seats for which precedes the end administrative and territorial December 2008, by a proportional system each electoral zone is of the Assembly’s division of the Republic of amended by Law no. with multi-member determined in proportion mandate, the General Albania. 74/2012, dated 19 July electoral zones. to the number of citizens Directorate of Civil 2012 and Law no. in each electoral zone. Status, on the request of CEC and Assembly 31/2015, dated 2 April Constitution, Art 64/2 Each seat represents an the CEC sends the total 2015 A multi-member electoral approximately equal number of citizens, as Electoral Code, Art 76 Articles 74 - 76 zone coincides with the number of citizens. well as the number of see column “reallocation or administrative division of citizens for each region, redrawing: one of the levels of The total number of based on the National administrative-territorial citizens, according to the Civil Status Register. organization. National Civil Status No later than 15 days Register, is divided by from receiving the data, Electoral Code, Art 74/1 the number 140 of the the CEC makes the The electoral zone Assembly seats, thus calculations for the corresponds to the determining the average allocation of seats for Albania territory of the region and number of citizens for each electoral zone, serves as an electoral each Assembly seat. according to the criteria unit for the election of a and procedures provided specified number of The number of seats for for in article 75 of this seats in accordance with each electoral zone is Code and sends them the rules set in this determined by dividing immediately to the Code. the number of citizens Assembly. The with domicile in the Assembly, through an electoral zone by the accelerated procedure, average number approves by decision the obtained according to allocation of seats. point 2 of this article. In any case, the number of seats for each electoral zone is approved no later than 6 months before the end of the Assembly's mandate. The number of seats for each electoral zone shall not be revised in case of early elections.

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Permissible Types of Reallocation or If Redrawing, Decided Country Legal Basis Allocation Criterion Departure from the Constituencies Redrawing by Whom Norm Constitution National People’s Administrative N/A N/A N/A Articles 98, 101 - 103 Assembly boundaries/Population Members are directly 2016 Electoral Code – elected in 48 multi- Loi organique n° 12-01 du Law 16-10 member 2 janvier 2012 relative au / constituencies - régime électoral, Art 84 Loi organique n° 16-10 corresponding to du 25 août 2016 relative country’s wilayas (= […] {l}La circonscription au régime électoral administrative districts); électorale de base pour Article 84 l’élection des membres The National Council de l’Assemblée wilaya assemblies Populaire indirectly elect 96 Nationale est fixée aux members; 48 members limites territoriales de la are appointed by the wilaya. President Toutefois, une wilaya peut faire l’objet d’un Article 26 Electoral découpage en deux ou Code: plusieurs circonscriptions électorales sur la base Une partie de commune, des critères de la densité Algeria une commune ou démographique et dans plusieurs communes le respect de la peuvent former une continuité géographique. circonscription Le nombre de sièges ne électorale. peut être inférieur à La circonscription quatre (4) sièges pour électorale est définie par les wilayas dont la la loi. population est inférieure à trois cent cinquante mille (350.000) habitants. Pour l’élection des représentants de la communauté nationale établie à l’étranger, les circonscriptions électorales consulaires ou diplomatiques et le nombre de sièges sont définis par la loi

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Permissible Types of Reallocation or If Redrawing, Decided Country Legal Basis Allocation Criterion Departure from the Constituencies Redrawing by Whom Norm Constitution 7 multi-member (2 Country’s parishes N/A N/A N/A Articles 51-52 seats) constituencies corresponding to the Half of the seats are Qualified Law 28/2007, country’s parishes allocated in an equal of November 22, - 1 national multi- number corresponding to amending Qualified member (14 seats) the country’s parishes Law on the Electoral constituency (7x2). System and Referendum Constitution, Art 52 and Article 48 Qualified Law 28/2007 of Constitution, Art 52 November 22, art. 48 See column “types of The General Council constituencies” Andorra consists of a minimum of twenty-eight and a Qualified Law 28/2007, maximum of forty-two of November 22, Art 48 General Councellors, See column “types of half of whom shall be constituencies” elected in an equal number by each of the seven Parròquies and the other half elected on the basis of a national single constituency.

Constitution 1 multi-member Electoral Code, Art 95. N/A N/A N/A (Amendments to the constituency (101 Constitution were seats) plus 13 electoral The seats are distributed made by referendums districts between the parties on November 27, 2005 proportionally to the and December 6, 2015) Electoral Code, Art 77 votes received by them Article 89 Elections of the National nationally. Then, the Assembly shall be held number of mandates (for Electoral Code under the proportional a party) from each (Amended as of electoral system, from electoral district is Armenia October 2016) one multi-mandate defined. Where the Articles 76-78 constituency covering number of mandates the whole territory of the received by a political Republic from among party (alliance of political candidates for Deputies parties) is even, nominated in the national mandates equal to 50 and district electoral lists per cent of the number of of political parties. mandates shall be given to candidates in the Electoral Code, Art 78 national electoral list of a 1. During elections of the political party (alliance of - 5 - CDL(2017)023

Permissible Types of Reallocation or If Redrawing, Decided Country Legal Basis Allocation Criterion Departure from the Constituencies Redrawing by Whom Norm National Assembly, 13 political parties). Where electoral districts shall be the number of mandates constituted in the received by a political Republic of Armenia — 4 party (alliance of political in Yerevan, 9 in marzes. parties) is odd, mandates equal to the integer part of 50 per cent of the number of mandates shall be distributed among the electoral districts. The remaining part of the mandates received by a political party (alliance of political parties) shall be given to candidates in the national electoral list of the political party (alliance of political parties). See in particular Art. 95.4, 95.5, 95.7, 95.8

Federal Constitutional National Council (183 Number of nationals N/A Federal Law on National Federal Minister of Law seats): Federal Constitutional Council Elections, § 5 Internal Affairs Articles 26, 34-35 9 multi-member Law, Art 26/2 1. The number of seats See column “reallocation or constituencies […] The number of allocated to each redrawing” National Council: (from 7 to 37 seats each) deputies will be divided constituency,[…] has to Federal Law on correspond to the among the qualified be announced and National Council country's provinces voters of the published in the Federal Elections BGBl. No. (Länder) constituencies (electoral Law Gazette by the 471/1992 as amended bodies) in proportion to Federal Minister of lastly in 2017 40 regional the number of nationals Internal Affairs §§ 1-5 constituencies who in accordance with immediately after the Austria the result of the last determination of the final Provinces are broken census had their results of the last down into 40 regional principal domicile in a census. constituencies particular constituency 2. The announced Federal Council: no […]; the number of distribution of seats has directly elected Federal Council deputies allocated to a to be at the basis of all Indirect election constituency will be parliament National 9 multi-member (3 to 12 divided in the same way Council elections which seats) constituencies. among the regional take place after the Federal Constitutional constituencies. coming into force of the Law, Art 26/2 announced seat The Federal territory will Federal Law on National distribution and before CDL(2017)023 - 6 -

Permissible Types of Reallocation or If Redrawing, Decided Country Legal Basis Allocation Criterion Departure from the Constituencies Redrawing by Whom Norm be divided into self- Council Elections, § 4/3 the publication of the contained constituencies Every provincial new one, following the whose boundaries may constituency receives next census. not overlap the Länder the number of seats, boundaries; these which results from the constituencies shall be division of the number of sub-divided into self- citizens, which, contained regional according to the final constituencies. (…) results of the last census, had their main Federal Law on National place of residence in the Council Elections, § 2/1 respective provincial The federal territory is constituency […]. divided in nine provincial constituencies for the Federal Constitutional purposes of the Law, Art 34/1 elections; in this case […] The Länder are every province represented in the constitutes a provincial Federal Council in constituency. […] proportion to the number of nationals in each Land.

Constitution 125 single-member Registered voters 10% Election Code, 2013, Art Election Commission Article 82-83 constituencies 5% 29.1. Election Code, 2013, Art In order to hold elections, See column “reallocation or Election Code, 2013, Art 29.1. Election Code, 2013, Art the Central Election redrawing” Election Code, 29.1. (...) Election 29.3.1. Commission shall form (including amendment […] Election constituencies shall, as a As a rule, the number of 125 election dated April 2013 constituencies shall be rule, be formed on the registered voters should (referendum) Article 29, 143 considered single- basis of the average be approximately equal constituencies every 5 mandate constituencies voter representation among the election years, based on during the elections of norm. The average voter constituencies within the information on the deputies of the Milli representation norm is boundaries of the number of voters Azerbaijan Majlis, and considered determined by dividing administrative-territorial permanently residing as election territories the total number of units of the Republic of and registered in the during the Presidential registered voters in the Azerbaijan, but no more relevant territorial and Municipal Elections country by 125. than 10% higher/lower units[…] and referendums. than the average representation norm in Election Code, 2013, Art distant or impassible 143 places and no more than 125 deputies shall be 5% higher than the elected to the Milli Majlis average representation from single-mandate norm elsewhere. constituencies (one - 7 - CDL(2017)023

Permissible Types of Reallocation or If Redrawing, Decided Country Legal Basis Allocation Criterion Departure from the Constituencies Redrawing by Whom Norm deputy from one constituency).

Constitution House of Population Constitution, Art 63/3: King Articles 61-63, 67-68 Representatives (150 […]The number of See column “reallocation or seats) Constitution, Art 63/3: inhabitants in each redrawing” Proportional The distribution of the electoral district is Electoral Code, 31 System members of the House established every ten January 2014 11 multi-member of Representatives years by a census or by III Chapter 1 Articles 87, constituencies among the electoral any other means defined 88 (between 4 and 24 districts is determined by by the law. The King seats each) the King in proportion to publishes the results the population.[…] within six months. Within Senate (60 seats) three months of this Indirect election publication, the King ( Constitution, Art 67- determines the number 68) 50 senators elected of seats to be assigned by the to each electoral district. community/regional parliaments and 10 co- Electoral Code, III opted by the other Chapter 1 Article 88 senators […]The King may only Belgium modify the composition Electoral Code, III and the chef-lieu of the Chapter 1 Article 87 districts after a change in The elections for the the laws modifying the Chamber of defined borders of a Representatives take municipality in an place in electoral electoral district or constituencies. Each transferring the office of province constitutes an the justice of the peace electoral constituency. to a different municipality The administrative of the electoral district of Brussels constituency. constitutes likewise an electoral constituency. The electoral constituencies are composed of one or several administrative districts[…]. CDL(2017)023 - 8 -

Permissible Types of Reallocation or If Redrawing, Decided Country Legal Basis Allocation Criterion Departure from the Constituencies Redrawing by Whom Norm Constitution House of Peoples Election Law, Art. 9.5 Election Law, Art 9.11 Parliamentary Assembly Articles IV/1-IV/2 15 delegates and Art. 9.6 The constituencies and See column “reallocation or Indirect election the number of mandates redrawing” ( Constitution, Art IV/1) allocated to each Election Law (lastly constituency established updated in April 2016) House of in this chapter shall be (Unofficial consolidated Representatives (42 reviewed every four text – including the Law seats) years by the on changes and - 2/3 of the seats are Parliamentary Assembly addenda to the BiH elected from the of BiH to ensure that Election Law (“Official Federation (21 seats they are drawn, bearing Gazette of BiH, no. from 5 multi-member in mind geographical 31/16)Articles 9.1 – 9.6, constituencies by constraints, in a manner 9.11 proportional that complies with representation and 7 democratic principles, seats shall be notably proportionality compensatory between the number of mandates  elected mandates and the from the territory of the number of registered Federation as a whole) voters. - 1/3 of seats are elected from the Republika Bosnia and Srpska (9 seats from 3 Herzegovina multi-member- constituencies by proportional representation and 5 seats shall be compensatory mandates  elected from the territory of the Republic Srpska as a whole)

Constitution, Art IV/2 The House of Representatives shall comprise 42 Members, two- thirds elected from the territory of the Federation, one-third from the territory of the Republika Srpska.

Election Law, Art 9.1 1. The House of - 9 - CDL(2017)023

Permissible Types of Reallocation or If Redrawing, Decided Country Legal Basis Allocation Criterion Departure from the Constituencies Redrawing by Whom Norm Representatives of the Parliamentary Assembly of BiH shall consist of forty-two (42) members, twenty-eight (28) of whom shall be directly elected by voters registered to vote for the territory of the Federation of BiH, and fourteen (14) of whom shall be directly elected by voters registered to vote for the territory of the Republika Srpska. The mandate of members of the House of Representatives of the Parliamentary Assembly of BiH shall be four (4) years. 2. Of the twenty-eight (28) members who shall be directly elected by voters registered to vote for the territory of the Federation of BiH, twenty-one (21) shall be elected from multi- member constituencies under the proportional representation formula set forth in Article 9.5 of this law, and seven (7) shall be compensatory mandates elected from the territory of the Federation as a whole according to Article 9.6 of this law. 3. Of the fourteen (14) members who shall be directly elected by voters registered to vote for the territory of the Republika Srpska, nine (9) shall be elected from multi- CDL(2017)023 - 10 -

Permissible Types of Reallocation or If Redrawing, Decided Country Legal Basis Allocation Criterion Departure from the Constituencies Redrawing by Whom Norm member constituencies under the proportional representation formula set forth in Article 9.5 of this law, and five (5) shall be compensatory mandates elected from the territory of the Republika Srpska as a whole according to Article 9.6 of this law.

Constitution Chamber of Deputies: Population/ Title IV Articles 44-47 Multi-member Administrative constituencies boundaries Elections Law (1997) Federal Senate: Constitution, Title IV Latest version of the law Multi-member Articles 45/1 not found constituencies The total number of deputies, as well as the representation of the states and of the Federal District shall be established by a Brazil supplementary law, in proportion to the population, and the necessary adjustments shall be made in the year preceding the elections, so that none of those units of the Federation has less than eight or more than seventy deputies.

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Permissible Types of Reallocation or If Redrawing, Decided Country Legal Basis Allocation Criterion Departure from the Constituencies Redrawing by Whom Norm Constitution 31 multi-member Population Election Code (2014), President of the Republic - Articles 63, 67 constituencies (240 Art 247. See column “reallocation or seats) Election Code, Annex The Central Election redrawing” Election Code (2014) No 1 to Art 248 Commission shall: - Articles 246 - 249, Election Code, Art 246/1 1. Determine the number Annex No 1 to Article National Representatives 2.1. The number of seats of seats in the multi- 248 shall be elected in the multi-member member constituencies according to a constituencies (MMCs) based on a single proportional will be determined on the standard representation representation election basis of a uniform ratio of for the entire country system from candidate representation for the depending on the size of lists of the following entire country depending population provided by registered in multi- on the size of the the National Statistical member constituencies population in each MMC Institute, based on the Election Code, Art 249 according to data results of the last (1) For conduct of provided by the National population census […] elections, the territory of Statistical Institute on the Bulgaria shall be divided basis of the results of the Election Code, Article into 31 multi-member latest population census. 249 (2): The names, constituencies, of which 2.2. The number of seats boundaries and three in the Sofia City, in a MMC may not be numbering of the and two in the lesser than 4 or, constituencies shall be Bulgaria Administrative Region of respectively, 6 for a determined by the Plovdiv Plovdiv. The rest GNA. President of the Republic of the constituencies 2.3. The Hare-Niemeyer not later than 56 days in shall be coextensive with Method will be used for advance of polling days the administrative determining the number regions. of seats in a MMC. Election Code, Article 2.4. The size of the 250: population for the entire 1)The Central Election country according to Commission shall data provided by the determine the number of National Statistical seats for each multi- Institute on the basis of member constituency the results of the latest according to Item 1 of population census will be Article 247 herein not divided by 240 or, later than 55 days in respectively, by 400 for a advance of polling day, GNA (Grand National using the greatest Assembly), and the remainder method. resulting quotient will 2)The number of seats in define the uniform ratio a multi-member of representation for the constituency may not be country. lesser than four.

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Permissible Types of Reallocation or If Redrawing, Decided Country Legal Basis Allocation Criterion Departure from the Constituencies Redrawing by Whom Norm Constitution Chamber of Deputies Population Electoral Code; Art. Directive Council of the Articles 46, 47, 49 (120 seats) 179 bis Electoral Service 28 Multi- Electoral Code : Art 179- Election Law memberconstituencies bis : Reallocation every 10 See table “reallocation or years redrawing” https://www.leychile.cl/N Senate […]a) Los 155 escaños avegar?idNorma=30082 15 Multi-member se distribuirán Artículo 179 bis.- constituencies proporcionalmente entre Corresponderá al (Spanish) los 28 distritos en Consejo Directivo del Constitution, Art 47 consideración a la Servicio Electoral The Chamber of población de cada uno actualizar, cada diez Deputies is composed of de ellos, en base a los años, la asignación de one hundred and twenty datos proporcionados los 155 escaños de (120) members elected por el último censo oficial diputados entre los 28 by direct ballot in the de la población realizado distritos establecidos en electoral district por el Instituto Nacional el artículo anterior, […] established by the de Estadísticas. Dicha respective organic proporcionalidad c) Para los efectos de constitutional law. consistirá en distribuir a proceder a la prorrata los cargos entre actualización indicada, el Constitution, Art 49 los distritos electorales, Consejo Directivo del The Senate shall be de acuerdo a la fórmula Servicio Electoral se composed of members dispuesta en el artículo constituirá specialmente Chile elected by direct ballot in 109 bis de esta ley. el tercer día hábil del senatorial b) No obstante lo mes de constituencies, with anterior, ningún distrito abril del año regard to the regions of podrá elegir menos de 3 subsiguiente al de la the countries. The ni más de 8 diputados. realización del último respective constitutional En el caso que, en virtud censo oficial. En caso organic law shall del cálculo dispuesto en que el año de esta determine the number of la letra a), uno o más actualización coincidiera the senators, the distritos superen dicho con aquel en que se senatorial constituencies límite, los cargos celebran elecciones de and the manner of their excedentes volverán a diputados, el Consejo election. distribuirse en forma Directivo del Servicio proporcional a la Electoral se constituirá Electoral Code: Art. 179 población entre los especialmente el tercer for the Chamber of distritos que no hubieren día hábil del mes de abril Deputies and Art. 180 for alcanzado el del año inmediatamente the Senate tope.[…] anterior a dicha elección. d) El Consejo Directivo del Servicio Electoral tendrá un plazo de diez días para decidir la nueva distribución de escaños. Adoptado el - 13 - CDL(2017)023

Permissible Types of Reallocation or If Redrawing, Decided Country Legal Basis Allocation Criterion Departure from the Constituencies Redrawing by Whom Norm acuerdo, éste se publicará en el Diario Oficial y se notificará a la Cámara de Diputados, todo ello dentro de las cuarenta y ocho horas siguientes. Dentro de los cinco días siguientes a la publicación señalada, cualquier ciudadano podrá recurrir ante el Tribunal Calificador de Elecciones objetando la forma en que el Consejo Directivo del Servicio Electoral aplicó las letras a) y b) de este artículo. Requerido, el Tribunal dispondrá de diez días para resolver si confirma o modifica el acuerdo del Consejo Directivo del Servicio Electoral. Contra esta decisión no procederá recurso alguno. En cualquier caso, con o sin recurso, la determinación definitiva de la asignación de escaños deberá publicarse en el Diario Oficial en los primeros diez días del mes de febrero del año de que se trate. CDL(2017)023 - 14 -

Permissible Types of Reallocation or If Redrawing, Decided Country Legal Basis Allocation Criterion Departure from the Constituencies Redrawing by Whom Norm Constitution 7 multi-member Population Reallocation after each Poder Ejecutivo Article 106 constituencies (57 general population See column “reallocation or seats) Constitution, Art 106 census redrawing” Electoral Law (…) Whenever a general in spanish: Constitution, Art 106 population census is https://www.tse.go.cr/pdf The Representatives conducted, the Supreme Constitution, Art 106 /normativa/codigoelector shall represent the Electoral Tribunal shall al.pdf People and shall be allocate to the provinces (…) Whenever a general Costa Rica elected for the provinces. a number of population census is The Assembly is Representatives in conducted, the Supreme composed of fifty-seven proportion to their Electoral Tribunal shall Representatives. (...) population. allocate to the provinces a number of Representatives in proportion to their population.

Constitution - 10 multi-member- Number of voters 5% See next column. Law (Act on Articles 71-72 constituencies (14 Constituencies for the seats each) Act on the Election of the election of members of Act on the Election of - 1 (out-of-country) In addition, Art. 39.2 Representatives to the the House of the Representatives to multi-member Croatian Parliament, Art Representatives of the the Croatian constituency (3 seats) The territories of the 39.1 Croatian National Parliament (with - 1 (national minorities) counties, cities and Electoral constituencies Parliament) amendments to the Act multi-member municipalities in the are regulated in the Act on the Election of constituency (8 seats) Republic of Croatia as on Electoral (passed on 29 October Representatives to the determined by law shall Constituencies for the 1999 and not amended) Croatian Parliament, Act on the Election of the be taken into account to Election of passed by the Croatian Representatives to the the greatest possible Representatives to the Parliament at its Croatian Parliament (last extent when determining Croatian Parliament, Constitutional Court session on 13 amended in 2015), electoral constituencies. such that the difference Notification no: U-X- Croatia February 2015) Article 8 between the numbers of 6472/2010 of 8 December Articles 8, 16, 38-39, Voters without registered voters in electoral 2010: it is necessary to domicile in the Republic constituencies may not change and amend the of Croatia shall be be greater than ± 5%. Constituency Act, but also entitled to representation for this Act to determine the in the Parliament and competent bodies and the they shall elect three rules for the delimitation representatives from procedure, i.e. the candidate slates in a procedure for defining and special electoral district harmonising constituency and the nomination and territories and boundaries. election of representatives to the Parliament shall be governed accordingly by - 15 - CDL(2017)023

Permissible Types of Reallocation or If Redrawing, Decided Country Legal Basis Allocation Criterion Departure from the Constituencies Redrawing by Whom Norm the provisions of this Act on preferential voting. Article 16 The Republic of Croatia guarantees members of national minorities in the Republic of Croatia the exercise of their right to representation in the Parliament. Members of national minorities in the Republic of Croatia shall have the right to elect eight representatives to the Parliament elected in a special electoral district comprised of the territory of the Republic of Croatia (…)

Article 38 A total of 140 representatives to the Parliament, not including representatives of the national minorities and representatives elected by Croatian nationals not having registered domicile in the Republic of Croatia, shall be elected in a way that the territory of the Republic of Croatia shall be divided into ten electoral districts, where each electoral district shall elect 14 representatives to the Parliament. (...) Article 39 The electoral districts are stipulated by the Act on Electoral Districts for the Election of Representatives to the CDL(2017)023 - 16 -

Permissible Types of Reallocation or If Redrawing, Decided Country Legal Basis Allocation Criterion Departure from the Constituencies Redrawing by Whom Norm Croatian Parliament, such that the difference between the numbers of voters in electoral districts must not be greater than ± 5%. The territories of the counties, cities and municipalities in the Republic of Croatia as determined by law shall be taken into account in the greatest possible measure when determining the electoral districts.

Constitution 6 multi-member Administrative Articles 62-63 constituencies boundaries

Law on Election of Constitution, Art 62 Members of the House 1. The number of of Representatives Representatives shall be fifty: Provided that such number may be altered by a resolution of the http://www.parliament.cy/ House of easyconsole.cfm/id/143 Representatives carried by a majority comprising two-thirds of the Representatives elected Cyprus by the Greek Community and two-thirds of the Representatives elected by the Turkish Community. 2. Out of the number of Representatives provided in paragraph 1 of this Article seventy per centum shall be elected by the Greek Community and thirty per centum by the Turkish Community separately from amongst - 17 - CDL(2017)023

Permissible Types of Reallocation or If Redrawing, Decided Country Legal Basis Allocation Criterion Departure from the Constituencies Redrawing by Whom Norm their members respectively, and in the case of a contested election, by universal suffrage and by direct and secret ballot held on the same day

Constitution Chamber of Deputies Chamber of Deputies Chamber of Deputies Chamber of Deputies Chamber of Deputies Articles 15-20 14 multi-member The allocation of seats is [Not relevant, since [Not relevant, since [Not relevant, since equality constituencies counted by means of the equality of votes is equality of votes is of votes is assured by The Parliamentary (200 seats) “national mandate assured by means of the assured by means of the means of the national Elections Act (Act The Parliamentary number”, with the aim to national mandate national mandate mandate number; see table No. 247/1995 Coll.): Elections Act, Art. 26 achieve the highest number; see table number; see table “Allocation Criterion”.] Articles 24, 26, 48, 56, The elections to the possible equality of votes “Allocation Criterion”.] “Allocation Criterion”.] 58-59 Chamber of Deputies cast. This stems from the are held in all electoral Hare quota, in Senate Senate Senate regions of the Czech combination with the 15 % The Parliamentary If the population changes by Republic in compliance method of largest [see table “Reallocation Elections Act, Art 59 15% in comparison with the with the principle of remainders. or Redrawing”] (2) Should the population average number of proportional of any electoral district in inhabitants per mandate, representation. Each The Parliamentary the Czech Republic the electoral districts “shall higher self-governmental Elections Act, Art 48: increase or decrease by be modified accordingly” unit defined by special Determination of the 15 per cent in (see Art 59(2) quoted in Czech legal regulation is Number of Deputies comparison with the table “Reallocation or Republic regarded as an electoral Elected in Electoral average number of Redrawing”). region. Regions inhabitants per mandate, [N.B.: The “special legal (1) Using election results the territory of electoral Since electoral districts are regulation” is to be found in in individual electoral districts shall be modified fixed by parliamentary Constitutional Act No. districts […], the Czech accordingly. Such legislation (namely 347/1997 Coll., which Statistical Office shall modification shall be Attachment No. 3 to the establishes 14 higher self- governmental regions. determine the overall carried out only in the Parliamentary Elections These are identical with number of valid votes years in which the Act), such a change would electoral regions, as follows given to all political elections to the Senate be adopted as an from the provision above. parties, movements and are held. amendment to that This has not always been coalitions in all electoral legislation, i.e. by an Act of so; until 2000 there were 8 regions and divide it by Parliament. Pursuant to Art electoral regions. The the number of deputies. 40 of the Constitution, such number was then changed The result, rounded to an amendment would have to 35 regions but this change was quashed by the whole units, is the to be agreed to by both Constitutional Court, since it national mandate chambers of Parliament. CDL(2017)023 - 18 -

Permissible Types of Reallocation or If Redrawing, Decided Country Legal Basis Allocation Criterion Departure from the Constituencies Redrawing by Whom Norm breached (in combination number. with other factors) the (2) The overall number It follows from the legislative principle of proportional of valid votes cast in practice that the Czech representation. The every electoral region Statistical Office provides Parliament then adopted the current rule, i.e. 14 electoral shall be divided by the the numbers of inhabitants regions, as a compromise.] national mandate in respective constituencies Senate number. The result to the Ministry of interior. 81 single-member determines the number The Ministry then prepares constituencies of mandates allocated to an amendment to the (81 seats) individual electoral Parliamentary Elections Act, regions. consults it with the regions, The Parliamentary (3) If all mandates are and subsequently proposes Elections Act, Art. 59 not allocated in the the amendment to the (1) In total, 81 electoral aforementioned way, the Parliament. districts are created remaining mandates within the territory of the shall be allocated to Czech Republic for the those electoral regions purpose of the elections showing the largest to the Senate. One remainders in Senator is elected in descending order. each electoral district Should any two or more electoral regions show the same remainders,

the electoral region(s) to receive the remaining mandate(s) shall be drawn.

Senate Constituencies are determined by administrative boundaries and reflect the principle of approximately equal number of inhabitants per electoral region, irrespective of their citizenship or age. These constituencies are established by Attachment No. 3 to the Parliamentary Elections Act.

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Permissible Types of Reallocation or If Redrawing, Decided Country Legal Basis Allocation Criterion Departure from the Constituencies Redrawing by Whom Norm Constitution - 10 multi-member Inhabitants/number of Parliamentary Election Minister for Social Welfare IV Articles 28, 31 constituencies (135 electors/density of Act (2014), I Part 2. 10 See column “reallocation or seats with D’Hondt population 1) (…) The distribution of redrawing” Parliamentary Election method) seats among regions Act (2014) - 40 compensatory Constitution, IV Art 31/3 and among multimember Chapter I Part 2: 7, 10 seats (Sainte-Laguë In determining the constituencies is method) number of seats to be determined and - Faroe Islands and allotted to each area announced by the Greenland (2 members account shall be taken of Minister for Social each) the number of Welfare following inhabitants, the number publication of the Constitution, IV Articles of electors, and the population figure as at 28 density of population. January 1st 2010, 2015, The Folketing shall 2020, etc., and the consist of one assembly Parliamentary Election distribution subsequently of not more than one Act (2014), I Part 2. 10 applies to the following hundred and seventy- 2) The distribution is elections. nine members, of whom fixed proportional to two members shall be numbers, which for each elected in the Faeroe region and each multi- Islands and two member constituency Denmark members in Greenland. are computed as the sum of: 1) the Parliamentary Election population; 2) the Act (2014), Part 2. 10 number of voters in the 1) Of the nationwide 175 last general election; and seats, 135 are 3) the area in square constituency seats and kilometers multiplied by 40 are compensatory 20, of the appropriate seats. (…) region or multimember constituency, Parliamentary Election respectively. (…) Act (2014), Part 2. 7 1) A total of 179 members, two of which in the Faroe Islands and two of which in Greenland, are to be elected for the Folketing.

CDL(2017)023 - 20 -

Permissible Types of Reallocation or If Redrawing, Decided Country Legal Basis Allocation Criterion Departure from the Constituencies Redrawing by Whom Norm Constitution 12 multi-member Number of voters N/A Article 60 constituencies (101 seats) Riigikogu Election Act, Riigikogu Election Act Art 7 (in force from: Riigikogu Election Act, (1) The National 01.01.2017) Art 6 Electoral Committee Articles 1, 6-7 Riigikogu elections shall shall, by a resolution, be held in twelve multi- distribute the mandates mandate electoral between the electoral districts (…) districts as follows: 1) the total number of voters shall be divided by the number 101; 2) the number of voters in an electoral district Estonia shall be divided by the number obtained as a result of the calculation specified in clause 1) of this subsection; 3) each electoral district shall be awarded a particular number of mandates in correspondence with the integer of the number obtained as a result of the calculation made according to clause 2) of this subsection (...)

Constitution - 12 multi-member- Population Election Act (2013), Government Sections 24-25 constituencies (from 6 Section 6 to 35 seats) (199 total Constitution, Section 25 (3) The Government See column “reallocation or Election Act (2013) seats) (…) For the carries out the division in redrawing” Sections 5-6 - 1 single-member parliamentary elections, good time before constituency (Åland the country shall be parliamentary elections Islands) divided, on the basis of by issuing a decision to Finland the number of Finnish be published in the Constitution, Section 25 citizens, into at least Statutes of Finland. (…) For the twelve and at most parliamentary elections, eighteen constituencies. the country shall be (…) divided, on the basis of the number of Finnish Election Act (2013), citizens, into at least Section 6 - 21 - CDL(2017)023

Permissible Types of Reallocation or If Redrawing, Decided Country Legal Basis Allocation Criterion Departure from the Constituencies Redrawing by Whom Norm twelve and at most (2) With the exception of eighteen constituencies. the electoral district of In addition, the Åland Åland, the division of Islands shall form their parliamentary seats is own constituency for the carried out on the basis election of one of the number of those Representative. (…) Finnish citizens who, according to the Population Information System, had their municipality of residence in Finland in the electoral district in question on the last day of the calendar month six months before the election day. (...)

Constitution National Assembly Population 20% Code électoral, Titre II Indipendent Commission Articles 24-25 (577 seats) Chapitre II, Art L.125 Art. 25 Constitution Single-member- Code électoral, Titre II Art. 2 l. 2009-39 relative Les circonscriptions sont Code électoral constituencies Chapitre II, Art L.125 à la commission déterminées […]Une commission (French version) prévue à l’article 25 de conformément au indépendante, dont la loi Version consolidée au Senate (348 seats) Les circonscriptions sont la Constitution et à tableau n° 1 annexé au fixe la composition et les 29 janvier 2017 (Indirect vote) déterminées l’élection des députés présent code. Il est règles d'organisation et de Titre II Chapitre II Art conformément aux procédé à la révision des fonctionnement, se L.125 tableaux n° 1 pour les Les écarts de population limites des prononce par un avis public départements, n° 1 bis entre les circonscriptions circonscriptions, en sur les projets de texte et Code electoral, Art. pour la Nouvelle- ont pour objet de fonction de l'évolution propositions de loi délimitant LO119 Calédonie et les permettre la prise en démographique, après le les circonscriptions pour collectivités d'outre-mer compte d'impératifs deuxième recensement l'élection des députés ou Le nombre des députés régies par l'article 74 de d'intérêt général ; en général de la population modifiant la répartition des France est de cinq cent la Constitution et n° 1 ter aucun cas la population suivant la dernière sièges de députés ou de soixante-dix-sept. pour les Français établis d'une circonscription ne délimitation. sénateurs. hors de France annexés peut s'écarter de plus de Code électoral, Art. L124 au présent code. 20 % de la population moyenne des Le vote a lieu par Art. 2 l. 2009-39 relative circonscriptions du circonscription. à la commission département, de la prévue à l’article 25 de collectivité d'outre-mer la Constitution et à régie par l'article 74 de la l’élection des députés Constitution ou de la Nouvelle-Calédonie

Sauf exception justifiée par des raisons CDL(2017)023 - 22 -

Permissible Types of Reallocation or If Redrawing, Decided Country Legal Basis Allocation Criterion Departure from the Constituencies Redrawing by Whom Norm géographiques ou démographiques, les circonscriptions sont constituées par un territoire continu. Sont entièrement compris dans la même circonscription pour l'élection d'un député d'un département toute commune dont la population est inférieure à 5 000 habitants ainsi que tout canton constitué par un territoire continu, dont la population est inférieure à 40 000 habitants et qui est extérieur aux circonscriptions des villes de Paris, Lyon et Marseille. Est entièrement comprise dans la même circonscription pour l'élection d'un député élu par les Français établis hors de France toute circonscription électorale figurant au tableau n° 2 annexé à l'article 3 de la loi n° 82-471 du 7 juin 1982 relative à l'Assemblée des Français de l'étranger, dès lors que cette circonscription électorale ne comprend pas de territoires très éloignés les uns des autres. - 23 - CDL(2017)023

Permissible Types of Reallocation or If Redrawing, Decided Country Legal Basis Allocation Criterion Departure from the Constituencies Redrawing by Whom Norm Constitution - 73 single-member- Election Code, Art No specific rule Election Code, Art Articles 4, 49-50 constituencies 110.3 110.4-5 - 1 multi-member- Election Code (January constituency (77 seats) The number of voters 4. Majoritarian electoral 2016) registered with the districts shall be Articles 109, 110 Election Code, Art 109 majoritarian electoral established and their 1. The Parliament of districts must be borders shall be defined Georgia shall have 77 consistent with under this Law and by members elected international standards ordinance of the CEC, through the proportional and ensure possibly and numbers for electoral system and 73 equal distribution of the electoral districts members elected voters within the shall be defined by through the majoritarian electoral districts. ordinance of the CEC electoral system. not later than 1 June of the year of the regular Election Code, Art 110 Parliamentary elections For the purposes of of Georgia and not parliamentary elections earlier than 1 December Georgia of Georgia, 73 single- of the previous year. seat majoritarian 5. Majoritarian electoral electoral districts, districts shall be including 10 majoritarian established and their electoral districts in borders shall be defined Tbilisi, shall be by ordinance of the CEC established. under this article and Article 1101 of this Law within the municipalities where the establishment of two or more than two electoral districts are intended if the boundaries of the majoritarian electoral districts are not defined under this Law.

Constitution Bundestag (598 seats) Population 15% See column “permissible Constituency Articles 38, 50-51 - 299 single-member 25% departure from the norm” Commission constituencies Federal Elections Act, Federal Elections Act (Each voter has 2 votes: Section 3 Federal Elections Act, Federal Elections Act, (last amended by 1 ("first vote") for an (1) When dividing the Section 3 Section 3 Germany Article 1 of the individual candidate in electoral area into (1) 3. The population of a (3) The Constituency Ordinance of 3 May one of the constituencies constituencies, the constituency should not Commission has the task of 2016) (plurality system), and 1 following principles shall deviate from the average reporting changes in the Sections 1-6 ("second vote") for the be observed: population of the population figures in the party list in the Länder.) 1. The Länder constituencies by more electoral area and to show CDL(2017)023 - 24 -

Permissible Types of Reallocation or If Redrawing, Decided Country Legal Basis Allocation Criterion Departure from the Constituencies Redrawing by Whom Norm Bundesrat boundaries shall be than 15 per cent in either whether and which changes The Bundesrat shall respected. direction; where the in the division of the consist of members of 2. The number of deviation is greater than electoral area into the Land governments constituencies in the 25 per cent, the constituencies it considers which appoint and recall individual Länder shall boundaries shall be necessary. In its report, it them. correspond to the redrawn. may also propose changes population proportion as for other reasons. When Federal Elections Act, far as possible. It shall making its proposals Section 1 be calculated in concerning the division of 1) The German accordance with the the electoral area into Bundestag shall, subject procedure used to constituencies, it shall to variations resulting determine the observe the principles from this Law, consist of distribution of seats specified in subsection (1); if 598 members. They among the Land lists in the calculation carried out shall be elected in a keeping with Section 6 according to subsection (1) general, direct, free, subsection (2), second to number 2 produces several equal and secret ballot seventh sentences. possible divisions, the by the Germans eligible Commission shall prepare to vote, in accordance Federal Elections Act, proposals. with the principles of Section 6 proportional (2) For an initial representation combined distribution, first the total with uninominal voting. number of seats (Section (2) Of the members, 299 1 subsection (1) shall be shall be elected from allocated to the Länder nominations in the on the basis of their constituencies and the respective population rest from Land proportion (Section 3 nominations (Land lists). subsection (1) in accordance with the Federal Elections Act, calculation procedure Section 4 described in the second Each voter shall have to seventh sentences[…] two votes, a first vote for electing a member of parliament for the constituency and a second vote for electing a Land list.

Federal Elections Act, Section 5 Each constituency shall elect one member. The candidate obtaining the majority of the votes cast - 25 - CDL(2017)023

Permissible Types of Reallocation or If Redrawing, Decided Country Legal Basis Allocation Criterion Departure from the Constituencies Redrawing by Whom Norm shall be considered elected. (…)

Constitution Constituencies from 1 Population Reallocation on the basis Parliament (statute) Articles 51, 54 to 44 MPs of the most recent Constitution, Art 54 census by presidential Reallocation by presidential Electoral Law (as last 2. The number of decree (Constitution, Art. decree codified by presidential Members of Parliament 54, see column 4) decree 26/2012, and elected in each electoral (see previous column) amended by law district shall be specified Redrawing only by 4406/2016) by presidential decree on statute Greece the basis of the legal population thereof, deriving, according to the latest census, from the persons registered in the relevant municipal rolls, as specified by law.

Fundamental Law of - 106 Single-member Number of voters 15% (exceptionally up Act CCIII of 2011 On Parliament Hungary constituencies to 20%) the Elections of Article 2 (Chapter “The - one nationwide Act CCIII of 2011 On the Members of See column “reallocation or State – Parliament”) constituency (93 seats Elections of Members of Act CCIII of 2011 On the Parliament, redrawing” from national lists) Parliament, Elections of Members of Section 4 Act CCIII of 2011 On Section 4 (2) and (3) Parliament, (5) The number of the Elections of Act CCIII of 2011 On the Single-member Section 4 (4) single-member Members of Parliament Elections of Members of constituencies shall be The number of voters in constituencies in (2014) Parliament, Section 3 established in a manner any single-member counties and Budapest Sections 3-4 (1) The number of that constituency may only shall be contained in Members of Parliament a) they not cross county deviate from the national Annex 1, and their serial shall be one hundred boundaries or the arithmetic mean of numbers, seats and Hungary and ninety-nine. boundaries of Budapest; voters in single-member territorial division in (2) One hundred and six b) they form contiguous constituencies by any Annex 2. Members of Parliament areas, rate above fifteen (6) If the deviation shall be elected in single- c) the number of voters percent in order to referred to in Subsection member constituencies will be approximately enforce the provisions of (4) exceeds 20%, and ninety-three from identical. Subsection (2)a) and b), Parliament shall amend national lists. (3) The districts of also in consideration of Annex 2. Annex 2 may Budapest and any town geographical, ethnic, not be amended during Act CCIII of 2011 On the or village may be historical, religious and the period between the Elections of Members of subdivided into two or other local first day of the year Parliament, more single-member characteristics and of preceding the general Section 4 (1) constituencies, if the any migration of the election of Members of CDL(2017)023 - 26 -

Permissible Types of Reallocation or If Redrawing, Decided Country Legal Basis Allocation Criterion Departure from the Constituencies Redrawing by Whom Norm In each single-member number of voters population. Parliament and the day constituency one exceeds the average on which the general Member of Parliament number of voters in the election of Members of may be elected. single-member Parliament is held, with constituencies. the exception of any election held due to the voluntary or mandatory dissolution of Parliament. Constitution 6 Multi-member Number of voters Reallocation National Electoral Article 31 constituencies (63 Commission seats) Act No. 24 from 16 May Act No. 24 from 16 May Act No. 24 from 16 May 2000 Concerning 2000 Concerning See column “reallocation or 2000 Concerning Act No. 24 from 16 May Parliamentary Elections Parliamentary Elections redrawing” Parliamentary 2000 Concerning to the Althing, Art 7 to the Althing, Art 9 Elections to the Althing Parliamentary Elections When parliamentary Following each Articles 6 - 9 to the Althing, Art 8 elections to the Althing parliamentary election to There are 63 have been announced, the Althing, the National parliamentary seats in the National Electoral Electoral Commission the Althing, which are Commission shall shall calculate whether divided as follows determine the Reykjavík the number of voters on between the constituency boundaries the electoral register for constituencies: based on the population any parliamentary seat in 1. north-west register of the National one constituency, constituency (10 seats) Registry five weeks including adjustment 2. north-east before the election day. seats according to constituency (10 seats) […] The boundaries shall paragraph 2 of Article 8, 3. south constituency (10 be determined based on are only half the number Iceland seats) the number of voters of of voters for any other 4. south-west either constituency for parliamentary seat in constituency(11 seats) each parliamentary seat; some other constituency, 5. Reykjavík with the adjustment according to the electoral constituency south (11 seats taken into account, register in the recent seats) being more or less of elections, cf. paragraph 6. Reykjavík equal numbers. Care 5 of Article 31 of the constituency north (11 should be taken, as far Constitution. If so, the seats) as is feasible, that each National Electoral constituency forms a Commission shall alter continuous whole. the number of constituency parliamentary seats for these constituencies so that this difference is diminished. That change must, however, never be more than is needed at any time in order to - 27 - CDL(2017)023

Permissible Types of Reallocation or If Redrawing, Decided Country Legal Basis Allocation Criterion Departure from the Constituencies Redrawing by Whom Norm satisfy the requirements of this provision of the Constitution.

Constitution House of Population Electoral Act, Part II Constitution, Art 16.2.4 Parliament Articles 15-16, 18 Representatives( Dáil 10.2 b (iv) The Oireachtas Éireann) Constitution, Art 16.2.2-3 As soon as may be after (=National Parliament) See column “reallocation or Electoral Act (last 40 Multi-member its establishment, a shall revise the redrawing” amendment: 2013) constituencies The number of members Constituency constituencies at least Part II 6. (2) and 10. (2)b shall from time to time be Commission shall once in every twelve Senate (Seanad fixed by law, but the total prepare the percentage years, with due regard to Éireann) 60 seats number of members of variation of population changes in distribution of Indirect Election Dáil Éireann shall not be per member of the Dáil the population, but any ( see Constitution, Art fixed at less than one or European Parliament, alterations in the 18) member for each thirty as the case may be, of constituencies shall not thousand of the the constituency from the take effect during the life Electoral Act, Part II 6. population, or at more national average of Dáil Éireann sitting (2)a and b than one member for population per member. when such revision is a) the total number of each twenty thousand of made. members of the Dáil the population. shall be not less than 153 and not more than The ratio between the 160; number of members to b) each constituency be elected at any time shall return 3, 4 or 5 for each constituency Ireland members and the population of each constituency, as ascertained at the last preceding census, shall, so far as it is practicable, be the same throughout the country.

Electoral Act, Part II 6. (2) d and e d) each constituency shall be composed of contiguous areas; e) there shall be regard to geographic considerations including significant physical features and the extent of and the density of population in each constituency CDL(2017)023 - 28 -

Permissible Types of Reallocation or If Redrawing, Decided Country Legal Basis Allocation Criterion Departure from the Constituencies Redrawing by Whom Norm Basic Law: The 1 multi-member N/A N/A N/A N/A Knesset constituency (120 Articles 1, 3-4 seats)

Knesset Election Law Basic Law: The Knesset, 1969 Art 3 The Knesset shall, upon Israel its election, consist of http://www.mfa.gov.il/MF one hundred and twenty A/AboutIsrael/State/Pag members. es/THE%20STATE- %20Elections.aspx

Constitution Chamber of Deputies Population Constitution, Art 56 Articles 55-57 (630 seats) (…) The division of seats 26 Multi-member Chamber of Deputies among the electoral Electoral Law constituencies (617 districts is obtained by seats) Constitution, Art 56 dividing the number of 1 single-member (…) The division of seats inhabitants of the http://en.camera.it/4?sch constituency in Valle among the electoral Republic, as shown by eda_informazioni=28 d'Aosta-(1 seat) districts is obtained by the latest general census 1 multi-member dividing the number of of the population, by six constituency for Italians inhabitants of the hundred and thirty and https://www.senato.it/380 living abroad (12 seats) Republic, as shown by distributing the seats in 3?testo_generico=886 the latest general census proportion to the Senate (315 seats) of the population, by six population in every --- 18 multi-member hundred and thirty and electoral district, on the constituencies (at least distributing the seats in basis of whole shares Italy 7 seats to each) proportion to the and the highest --- 1 single-member population in every remainders. constituency (Valle electoral district, on the d’Aosta) basis of whole shares --- 1 multi-member and the highest constituency (Molise, 2 remainders. seats) (save for seats assigned Senate to the Overseas Constitution, Art 57 constituency) (…) The division of seats among the regions, in accordance with the provisions of the preceding Article, is made in proportion to the population of the regions - 29 - CDL(2017)023

Permissible Types of Reallocation or If Redrawing, Decided Country Legal Basis Allocation Criterion Departure from the Constituencies Redrawing by Whom Norm as revealed in the most recent general census, on the basis of whole shares and the highest remainders.

Constitution Majilis Constitutional Law on 15% Constitutional Law on Election Commission Articles 50-51 1 multi-member Elections, Articles 21 Elections, Articles 22 constituency 2. Constituencies shall Constitutional Law on 3. Changes in the list of See table “reallocation or Constitutional Law on be formed by taking into Elections, Articles 21 constituencies, redrawing” Elections (with the Senate account the 2. (…) In this case the determination of their amendments of 2011) 16 multi-member (2 administrative-territorial difference in the number borders and location of Articles 9, 21, 22 seats) constituencies- division of the Republic of voters in the election commissions two members from 14 and an approximately constituency in the shall be made by the oblasts (regions) and two equal number of voters. oblast, the city of the corresponding election http://www.parlam.kz/en/ members each from (…) republican status and the commission. senate/history Astana and Almaty. capital of the Republic, Constitutional Law on district and the city shall Elections, Articles 9 not exceed fifteen 1-1. Deputies of the percent of the average Mazhilis of Parliament quantity of voters per from the political parties each deputy’s mandate shall be elected by in the given party lists in the single administrative-territorial Kazakhstan countrywide electoral unit. district.

Constitutional Law on Elections, Articles 21 3. At elections of the President of the Republic and the deputies of Mazhilis to be elected on the basis of the party lists under the proportional representation system the whole territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan shall be considered as a single national constituency. CDL(2017)023 - 30 -

Permissible Types of Reallocation or If Redrawing, Decided Country Legal Basis Allocation Criterion Departure from the Constituencies Redrawing by Whom Norm Constitution Mixed system Single-member 33.3% Redrawing The National Assembly Article 41 Constituencies 253 Single-member Population, In 2014, the Public Official Election See column “reallocation or Public Official Election Constituencies (253 Administrative/geographi Constitutional Court held Act (2016), Art 24-2 redrawing” Act (2016) National Assembly cal boundaries that the law which states (Confirmation of Election Articles 20, 21, 24, 25 members for local that the permissible Districts for National constituencies) Public Official Election departure from the norm Assembly Act (2016), Art 25 is 50% is Members) (The exact numbers for 1 Multi-member (1) The election district unconstitutional, and (1) The National the members are Constituency (47 seats) for a National Assembly ordered to amend it to Assembly shall confirm available only in Korean member (hereinafter 33.3%. election districts for from the Official website Public Official Election referred to as National of the Korean National Act (2016), Art 20 "constituency for a Assembly members by Assembly.) (1) The President and National Assembly one year before the proportional member") shall be election. (…) representative National demarcated in the area Assembly members under jurisdiction of the shall be elected in the City/Do, in consideration whole country as a unit. of the population, administrative districts, Public Official Election geographical features, Act (2016), Art 21 traffic, and other Korea, (1) The fixed number of conditions, but an Republic the National Assembly autonomous Gu, Si, or members, for local Gun shall not be divided constituency members to make part of it belong and proportional to another constituency representatives for the National combined, shall be Assembly member: 300, but the fixed Provided, That the same number of the National shall not apply to cases Assembly members for where it is inevitable for local constituencies of satisfying the each City/Do shall be at requirements of the latter least three (…) part of the main (2) (the amended part is sentence of Article 21 available only in Korean) (1). Single-member (2) The names and constituencies for each districts of the National Assembly constituencies for the member for local National Assembly constituencies. members shall be shown in attached Table1. Official website of the National Assembly of Korea - 31 - CDL(2017)023

Permissible Types of Reallocation or If Redrawing, Decided Country Legal Basis Allocation Criterion Departure from the Constituencies Redrawing by Whom Norm “253 elected by a plurality of votes from electoral districts and 47 through proportional representation system where seats are distributed to parties based on the percentage of total votes they garnered.” Constitution 1 multi-member N/A N/A N/A N/A Article 70 constituency (120 seats) The Constitutional Law On Presidential and Constitution, Art 70/2 Jogorku Kenesh The Jogorku Kenesh Elections in the Kyrgyz shall consist of 120 Republic (amended deputies elected for a 19/08/15) five year term on the Articles 13, 59 basis of proportional representation.

The Constitutional Law On Presidential and Kyrgyzstan Jogorku Kenesh Elections in the Kyrgyz Republic, Art 13 1. The whole territory of the Kyrgyz Republic is a single constituency to conduct presidential election or elections of the Jogorku Kenesh deputies. 2. The voters residing abroad shall be deemed assigned to the constituency.

CDL(2017)023 - 32 -

Permissible Types of Reallocation or If Redrawing, Decided Country Legal Basis Allocation Criterion Departure from the Constituencies Redrawing by Whom Norm Constitution 5 multi-member The number of N/A Reallocation Central Election Section 2 constituencies (from registered voters Four months before Commission Articles 5, 6 14 to 29 seats): election day Riga (which also Constitution See column “allocation The Saeima includes polling stations Article 7 Article 8(1) criterion” (Parliament) Election abroad); In the division of Latvia See column “allocation Law (1995 lastly Vidzeme; into separate electoral criterion” amended 2010) Latgale; districts, provision for the Articles 7,8 Kurzeme; number of members of Zemgale. the Saeima to be elected from each district shall Election Law be proportional to the Article 7 number of electors in (1) Latvia shall be each district. divided into five constituencies for the Election Law Latvia Saeima elections: Article 8(1) 1) Riga, The Central Election 2) Vidzeme, Commission shall 2) Latgale, determine the number of 4) Kurzeme, seats in the Saeima in 5) Zemgale. proportion to the number of voters in a constituency as stated four months before Election Day according to the data provided by the Population Register. […]Voters residing in foreign countries are included among voters of the Riga constituency. - 33 - CDL(2017)023

Permissible Types of Reallocation or If Redrawing, Decided Country Legal Basis Allocation Criterion Departure from the Constituencies Redrawing by Whom Norm The Liechtenstein 2 multi-member Administrative/ N/A N/A N/A Constitution of 1921 constituencies geographical Article 46 boundaries Constitution Article 46(1) The allocation of seats Parliament shall consist and the constituency of 25 Members who shall boundaries are fixed in be elected by the People the Constitution. by universal, equal, secret and direct 15 from the Upper suffrage according to the Country and 10 from the system of proportional Lower Country. Liechtenstein representation. The Upper Country (Oberland) and the Lower Country (Unterland) shall each form a voting district. Of the 25 Members of Parliament, 15 shall be elected by the Upper Country and 10 by the Lower Country.

Republic of Lithuania Mixed System: Single-member Single-Member The Central Election Law on Elections to constituencies: Constituencies: Commission the Seimas (1992, as - 71 single-member Population, 20% lastly amended on 16 constituencies administrative/ June 2015) geographical boundaries Republic of Lithuania Chapter 2. Articles 9, 14 - 1 nationwide multi- Law on Elections to member (70 seats) Republic of Lithuania the Seimas constituency Law on Elections to Article 9(1) the Seimas (…) Republic of Lithuania Article 9(1) The number of voters in Lithuania Law on Elections to For the organisation and constituencies must be the Seimas conduct of elections, the from 0.8 to 1.2 of the Article 9(1) territory of the Republic average number of For the organization and of Lithuania shall be voters in all single- conduct of elections, the divided into 71 single- member constituencies. territory of the Republic member constituencies, (…) of Lithuania shall be taking into consideration divided into 71 single- the number of Multi-member member inhabitants in the Constituencies: constituencies, (…) constituency, the division N/A of the territory of the CDL(2017)023 - 34 -

Permissible Types of Reallocation or If Redrawing, Decided Country Legal Basis Allocation Criterion Departure from the Constituencies Redrawing by Whom Norm Republic of Lithuania into single-member Republic of Lithuania constituencies during Law on Elections to previous elections to the the Seimas Seimas, and the Article 9(2) administrative-territorial One multi-member division of the Republic constituency shall also of Lithuania. (…) be formed where all citizens of the Republic Multi-member of Lithuania eligible to Constituency: vote shall cast their N/A votes. 70 Seimas members shall be elected in this constituency according to the proportional system of elections. Constitution 4 multi-member The number of seats N/A N/A N/A Chapter 4, Article 51(6) constituencies for each constituency is fixed in the Election Loi électorale du 18 Constitution Law. février 2003 Article 51 Art. 117 […] Constitution 3. The Chamber is Chapter 4, Article 51(6) composed of 60 «Le pays est divisé en Deputies. A law adopted quatre circonscriptions under the provisions of électorales: Article 114, paragraph 2 – le Sud avec les establishes the number cantons d’Esch-sur- of Deputies to be elected Alzette et Capellen: in each of the – le Centre avec les Luxembourg circumscriptions. cantons de Luxembourg 4. The election is direct. et Mersch; […] – le Nord avec les 6. The country is divided cantons de Diekirch, into four electoral Redange, Wiltz, circumscriptions: Clervaux et Vianden; • the South with the – l’Est avec les cantons Cantons of Esch-sur- de Grevenmacher, Alzette and Capellen; Remich et Echternach». • the Centre with the Cantons of Luxembourg The allocation of seats and Mersch; and the constituencies • the North with the boundaries are fixed in Cantons of Diekirch, the law - 35 - CDL(2017)023

Permissible Types of Reallocation or If Redrawing, Decided Country Legal Basis Allocation Criterion Departure from the Constituencies Redrawing by Whom Norm Redange, Wiltz, Clervaux and Loi électorale du 18 Vianden; février 2003 • the East with Cantons Art. 117 of Grevenmacher, Le nombre des députés, Remich and Echternach par application de l'article 51, alinéa 3 de la Constitution, est fixé comme suit: Circonscription Sud: 23 députés; circonscription Est: 7 députés; circonscription Centre: 21 députés; circonscription Nord: 9 députés.

Constitution 13 multi-member The number of seats 5% Redrawing The Electoral Commission Articles 56, 61,62 constituencies for each constituency is fixed in the law. Constitution Constitution See column “reallocation or General Elections Act Constitution 5 seats for each Article 61(4) Article 61 redrawing” (1991, as lastly Article 56(1) constituency decided (…) but in no case by (1) The Electoral amended in 2009) The members of the based on the number of more than five per Commission shall review Part 4. Article 17 House of registered voters. centum, in order to take the boundaries of the Representatives shall be account of geographical electoral divisions elected upon the General Elections Act vicinity, differences in referred to in section principle of proportional Part 4. Article 17 density of population and 56(1) of this Constitution representation by means […] (2) Subject to the other relevant factors at intervals of not less of the single transferable provisions of article 52(1) (…) than two nor more than vote from such number of the Constitution the five years and may, in of electoral divisions, House shall consist of accordance with the Malta being an odd number sixty-five members, each provisions of this section, and not less than nine electoral division alter such boundaries to and not more than returning five members. such extent as it fifteen, as Parliament considers desirable in shall from time to time the light of the review: determine. Provided that the Commission shall carry General Elections Act out such a review and, in Part 4. Article 17 accordance with the (1) For the purpose of provisions of this section, the election of members alter the said boundaries of the House, the Island whenever Parliament of Malta and its has made provision Dependencies shall be altering the number of CDL(2017)023 - 36 -

Permissible Types of Reallocation or If Redrawing, Decided Country Legal Basis Allocation Criterion Departure from the Constituencies Redrawing by Whom Norm divided into thirteen electoral divisions; and in electoral divisions. addition the Commission (4) Any change in the may at any time carry number of electoral out such a review and, in divisions, or in the accordance with the boundaries thereof, or in provisions of this section, the number of Members alter the said boundaries of the House shall have to such extent as it effect as provided in considers desirable in article 61(2) and (3) and consequence of the article 66(6) of the holding of a census of Constitution: the population in Provided that, where an pursuance of any law. alteration to the (2) Any provision by boundaries of the Parliament altering the electoral divisions has number of electoral been published under divisions shall come into article 61(3)(d) of the effect when the alteration Constitution, nothing in of the boundaries of the this subarticle shall be electoral divisions that, in construed as preventing accordance with the the publication of a provisions of subsection revised electoral register (1) of this section, is or preventing any other consequential thereon requirement under this comes into effect. Act connected with the (3) Whenever an registration of voters alteration of boundaries being carried out in is made by the accordance with such Commission under this alteration, before the section the following dissolution of Parliament provisions shall have upon which the alteration effect: comes into effect. (…)

General Elections Act Part 4. Article 17

[...](3) The boundaries of the electoral divisions referred to in subarticle (1) shall be those established in accordance with article 61 of the Constitution. [...] - 37 - CDL(2017)023

Permissible Types of Reallocation or If Redrawing, Decided Country Legal Basis Allocation Criterion Departure from the Constituencies Redrawing by Whom Norm General Law on Chamber of Deputies Chamber of Deputies Not indicated in the law Redrawing The National Electoral Electoral Institutions Mixed System (500 - single-member Institute and Procedures of seats): constituencies: General Law on Mexico (2014) - 300 single-member Population Electoral institutions See column “reallocation or Articles 14, 18(2)(d), 32 constituencies -multi-member and Procedures of redrawing” - 5 multi-member (multi- constituencies: Mexico Constitution state) constituencies Administrative and Article 32 Articles 53, 56 (200 seats, 40 seats geographical boundaries 1. The Institute will have each constituency) (regional electoral the following districts) responsibilities: Senate a) For the federal and Mixed System(128 Constitution local electoral seats): Article 53 processes: - 1 nationwide multi- The borders separating I. The electoral training; member constituency the 300 electoral districts II. The electoral (32 seats) from each other shall be geography, which - 32 multi-member set down after dividing includes the constituencies (3 seats the country’s population determination of the each) corresponding to by the number of electoral districts and the 31 states and the districts, taking into their division into federal district account the most recent electoral sections, as census. Each state shall well as the boundaries of General Law on have at least two the multi-member Mexico Electoral Institutions representatives elected regional districts and the and Procedures of under the principle of establishment of their Mexico majority voting. capitals; (…) Article 14(1) In order to elect 200 The House of representatives under Representatives is the principle of composed of 300 proportional representatives elected representation, using a according to the principle system of regional lists, of plurality, through the five electoral districts system of single- shall be established in member electoral the country. The law districts, and 200 shall set down the ways representatives that will in which such territorial be elected according to division will be made. the principle of proportional General Law on representation, through Electoral Institutions the system of regional and Procedures of list voted on in Mexico multimember regional Article 18(2)(d) districts. (…) (…) so that each multi- member regional CDL(2017)023 - 38 -

Permissible Types of Reallocation or If Redrawing, Decided Country Legal Basis Allocation Criterion Departure from the Constituencies Redrawing by Whom Norm electoral district has General Law on forty representatives. Electoral Institutions and Procedures of Senate Mexico -Single-member Article 14(2) Constituency: N/A The Senate will be -Multi-member composed of 128 Constituencies: senators, out of which Administrative each State will elect boundaries three: two will be elected (3 seats for each according to the principle constituency of plurality and one will corresponding to the 31 be assigned to the states and the federal largest minority. The district) remaining 32 senators will be elected by the principle of proportional representation, voted in one single national multimember district. The Senate will be completely renewed every six years. Constitution 1 Nationwide Multi- N/A N/A N/A N/A Article 60 member Constituency (101 seats) Electoral Code (21 November 1997 ) Electoral Code: Article Article 73 (2) 73(2)

Moldova (2) Elections to Parliament shall be conducted based on one national electoral district in which 101 deputies shall be elected. - 39 - CDL(2017)023

Permissible Types of Reallocation or If Redrawing, Decided Country Legal Basis Allocation Criterion Departure from the Constituencies Redrawing by Whom Norm The Constitution of 1 Nationwide Multi- N/A N/A N/A N/A Monaco member Constituency Article 53 (24 seats)

Loi n. 839 du Loi n. 839 du 23/02/1968 sur les 23/02/1968 sur les élections nationales et élections nationales et Monaco communales et communales telle communales telle qu'amendée au 9 avril qu'amendée au 9 avril 2002 2002 Article 20 Article 20 le Conseil National comprend vingt-quatre membres élus pour cinq ans. The Constitution of 1 Nationwide Multi- N/A N/A N/A N/A Montenegro member Constituency Article 83 (81 seats)

Law on the Election of Law on the Election of Councillors and Councillors and Montenegro Representatives Representatives Article 12 Article 12 1. […]. The election of MPs shall be conducted in the Republic as a single constituency.

Constitution House of Population and Articles 62, 63 Representatives administrative borders (Mixed System) Organic Law no. 27-11 - 92 multi-member Organic Law no. 27-11 of 14 October 2011 (as constituencies (305 of 14 October 2011 amended by the seats) Article 2 Organic Law no. 20-16 - 1 nationwide multi- Les circonscriptions of 10 August 2016) member constituency électorales locales sont Articles 1, 2 (90 seats) créées et le nombre de Morocco sièges attribués à Organic Law no. 27-11 chacune d’elles est fixé of 14 October 2011 par décret selon les Article 1 principes suivants : La Chambre des a) La délimitation des représentants se circonscriptions compose de 395 électorales doit, autant membres élus, au que possible, tendre vers suffrage universel direct, un équilibre CDL(2017)023 - 40 -

Permissible Types of Reallocation or If Redrawing, Decided Country Legal Basis Allocation Criterion Departure from the Constituencies Redrawing by Whom Norm au scrutin de liste et démographique en répartis comme suit : prenant en considération - 305 membres sont l’aspect spatial ; élus au niveau des b) Le ressort des circonscriptions circonscriptions électorales locales électorales doit être créées homogène et continu ; conformément aux c) Il est créé une dispositions de circonscription électorale l’article 2 ci-après ; dans chaque préfecture, - 90 membres sont province ou préfecture élus au titre d’une d’arrondissements, à circonscription laquelle est réservé un électorale nationale nombre de sièges fixé créée à l’échelle du par décret. Toutefois, il territoire du peut être créé plus d’une Royaume. circonscription électorale Le scrutin a lieu à la dans certaines représentation préfectures ou proportionnelle suivant la provinces. règle du plus fort reste sans panachage ni vote préférentiel. Toutefois, en cas d’élection partielle, celle- ci a lieu au scrutin universel à la majorité relative à un tour lorsqu’il s’agit d’élire un seul membre.

House of Councilors (Indirectly elected by the Regional Council, the members of the communal, etc.) : N/A

Act of 28 September House of Based on one N/A N/A N/A 1989 (Elections Act). Representatives (150 nationwide constituency members). Netherlands One nationwide constituency

- 41 - CDL(2017)023

Permissible Types of Reallocation or If Redrawing, Decided Country Legal Basis Allocation Criterion Departure from the Constituencies Redrawing by Whom Norm Constitution 19 multi-member Population, surface Not indicated in the law Reallocation The Ministry Article 57 constituencies and one seat first Every eighth year assigned to each See column” allocation See column” allocation Constitution constituency. criterion” criterion” Representation of the Article 57 People Act (the The number of Constitution Election Act) representatives to be Article 57 (Act No. 57 of 28 June elected to the Storting (…) 2002) shall be one hundred Each constituency shall Chapter 11 and sixty-nine. The have one seat at large. Realm is divided into The number of nineteenconstituencies representatives to the . One hundred and fifty Storting to be chosen of the representatives to from each constituency the Storting are elected is determined on the as representatives of basis of a calculation of constituencies and the the ratio between the remaining nineteen number of inhabitants representatives are and surface area of each elected as members at constituency and the large.[…] number of inhabitants and surface area of the Representation of the entire Realm, in which Norway People Act (the each inhabitant counts Election Act) as one point and each (Act No. 57 of 28 June square kilometre counts 2002) as 1.8 points. This Chapter 11 calculation shall be 11.1 made every eighth year. The country is divided Specific provisions on into 19 constituencies. the division of the Realm Each county constitutes into constituencies and a constituency. on the allotment of seats 11.2 in the Storting to the 169 members shall be constituencies shall be returned to the Storting. determined by law. Of these, 150 are returned as constituency Representation of the members and 19 as People Act (the members at large. One Election Act) member at large shall be (Act No. 57 of 28 June returned for each 2002) constituency. Chapter 11

11.3 (1) All the seats in the CDL(2017)023 - 42 -

Permissible Types of Reallocation or If Redrawing, Decided Country Legal Basis Allocation Criterion Departure from the Constituencies Redrawing by Whom Norm Storting shall be allocated to the constituencies. The distribution is undertaken by the Ministry every eight years. (2) The distribution figure for each constituency is determined by taking the number of inhabitants in the constituency at the end of the penultimate year before the parliamentary election in question and adding the number of square kilometers in the constituency multiplied by 1.8. 130 members One seat is None. National Elections Jury Congress. 26 multi-member automatically assigned is in charge of LEY ORGÁNICA DE constituencies to each district. reallocation, i.e., ELECCIONES (LEY N.° Additional seats are increasing or 26859) LEY ORGÁNICA DE allocated according to decreasing the number Article 21 ELECCIONES (LEY N.° the number of of seats by electoral 26859) registered voters. district. Article 21 El Jurado Nacional de Since major […] Para efectos del Elecciones (JNE) asigna administrative units segundo párrafo, el a cada distrito electoral are the basis for territorio de la República un escaño y distribuye electoral districts, se divide en veintiséis los redrawing requires a (26) demás escaños en proposal by the Peru distritos electorales, uno forma proporcional al Executive and (1) por cada número de electores que approval by Congress. departamento, y los existe en cada distrito CONSTITUCIÓN distritos restantes POLÍTICA DEL PERÚ correspondientes a Article 102, sec. 7 Lima Provincias y a la Son atribuciones del Provincia Constitucional Congreso: […] 7. del Callao. Los electores Aprobar la demarcación residentes en el territorial que proponga extranjero son el Poder Ejecutivo. considerados dentro del Distrito Electoral de Lima. - 43 - CDL(2017)023

Permissible Types of Reallocation or If Redrawing, Decided Country Legal Basis Allocation Criterion Departure from the Constituencies Redrawing by Whom Norm Election Code (Act of 5 Sejm: Sejm: Not indicated in the law Redrawing and/or Sejm: January, 2011) Multi-member Population reallocation for the The National Electoral Articles 193, 201~3, 256, constituencies Sejm Commission submits a 260~1 Election Code proposal to Sejm, and Election Code Article 202 Election Code Sejm confirms it. (the latest version can be Article 193 § 1 The determination of Article 203 found at: §1 460 deputies are the number of deputies § 1 The National See column “reallocation or http://pkw.gov.pl/pliki/148 elected to the Sejm from elected in individual Electoral Commission redrawing” 6711957_Kodeks_wybor the lists of candidates for constituencies and shall submit to the czy_- deputies in the regional Sejm proposals to _druk_calosc_stan_31_0 multimember electoral division of constituencies amend the boundaries 8_2016pdf.pdf ; constituencies. shall be by way of norms of the electoral unfortunately it is only in § 2 No person may on uniform standard of districts and the Polish) stand for elections to the representation, number of voting Sejm and the Senate calculated by dividing the members elected in simultaneously. number of inhabitants of them, if necessitated by the country by the total changes in the basic Article 201 number of deputies territorial division of the § 1 In order to conduct selected for in state or a change in the elections to the Sejm constituencies, taking number of inhabitants in multiple-mandate into account the the constituency or in the constituencies are provisions of Article. 201 country. established, hereinafter […] § 2 Changes in county Poland referred to as boundaries entailing “constituencies” or Senate: changes in electoral “electoral districts” Population boundaries is not § 2 At least 7 members permitted during the 12 must be elected in each Election Code months preceding the constituency. Article 261 expiry of term of the § 3 An electoral district § 1 The division of Sejm, as well as ordering covers the area of a constituencies shall be at the election period in the province or part thereof. a uniform standard of event of shortening of Electoral district representation, the Sejm's term of office boundaries shall not calculated by dividing the until the day of officially violate the boundaries of country's population by deeming the elections its component counties 100, taking into account valid. and cities with county the provisions of Article. § 3 The Sejm shall, rights. 260 and the following subject to § 5, rules: undertake the changes Senate: 1) if the quotient resulting in the division of 100 single-member from dividing the constituencies for the constituencies population of the district reasons stipulated in § 1, represented by a uniform no later than 3 months Election Code standard is equal to or before the date of Article 256 greater than 2 - to expiration of the time 100 senators are elected reduce the area (to limit for calling elections CDL(2017)023 - 44 -

Permissible Types of Reallocation or If Redrawing, Decided Country Legal Basis Allocation Criterion Departure from the Constituencies Redrawing by Whom Norm to the senate based on change the border) of to the Sejm. the majority rule. the constituency; § 4 The determination of 2) if the quotient resulting the number of people Article 260 from dividing the referred to in § 1 shall be § 1 In order to conduct population of the district based on the data at the elections to the Senate represented by the end of the third quarter of created single mandate uniform norm is less than the year preceding the constituencies are 0.5 - increase the area expiry of term of the established. (to change the borders) Sejm, provided by the § 2 A constituency of the constituency. mayors in the manner covers part of the region. § 2 In the region specified in the Constituency boundaries (“vovoidship”) senators regulations issued on the cannot violate are elected in the basis of the Article. 165 § boundaries of the number of not less than 3 constituencies created the number of total § 5 If the term of the for elections to the Sejm. (excluding the fraction), Sejm is shortened a § 3 A city with county which is the quotient of division of constituencies rights of more than the number of shall not be made. 500,000 inhabitants can inhabitants and a be divided into two or uniform standard of Redrawing (Senate) more constituencies. representation and not Article 261 greater than said integer plus one. […]§ 5 The provision of Art. 203 shall apply.” Law governing 22 multi-member The number of N/A Reallocation National Election Elections to the constituencies registered voters Before each election Commission Assembly of the See column “allocation Republic Law governing (226 seats for the Law governing criterion” Articles 12, 13 Elections to the constituencies in Elections to the Assembly of the Portuguese territory; Assembly of the Constitution Republic 4 seats for 2 Republic Article 149 Article 12 constituencies for the Article 13 Constituencies electors who reside See column “allocation 1. For the purpose of the outside Portuguese criterion” election of the Members territory) Portugal of the Assembly of the Republic, the electoral Law governing territory is divided into Elections to the constituencies, each of Assembly of the which corresponds to an Republic electoral college. Article 13 2. The mainland 1. The total number of constituencies match the Members of the areas of the Assembly of the administrative districts, Republic is two hundred are called by the same and thirty. - 45 - CDL(2017)023

Permissible Types of Reallocation or If Redrawing, Decided Country Legal Basis Allocation Criterion Departure from the Constituencies Redrawing by Whom Norm names and have their 2. The total number of capitals as their seats. Members of the 3. There is a Assembly of the constituency in the Republic for the Madeira Autonomous constituencies in Region and a Portuguese territory is constituency in the two hundred and twenty- Azores Autonomous six, to be distributed in Region, and they are proportion to the number called by those names of electors in each and have their seats in constituency using Funchal and Ponta d’Hondt’s highest- Delgada respectively. average rule, in harmony 4. Electors who reside with the criterion laid outside Portuguese down in Article 16. territory are grouped into 3. There are two two constituencies, one Members of the of which covers the Assembly of the whole of the territory of Republic for each of the the European countries, constituencies referred and the other the to in paragraph (4) of the remaining countries and previous Article. the territory of Macao, 4. The National Electoral and both have their seat Commission shall cause in Lisbon. a chart with the number of Members of the Assembly of the Republic and their distribution by constituency to be published in Series I of the Diário da República between the sixtieth and the fifty-fifth days before the date on which elections are scheduled to be held. 5. When elections are scheduled less than sixty days in advance, the National Electoral Commission shall have the chart with the number and distribution of Members of the Assembly of the CDL(2017)023 - 46 -

Permissible Types of Reallocation or If Redrawing, Decided Country Legal Basis Allocation Criterion Departure from the Constituencies Redrawing by Whom Norm Republic published between the fifty-fifth and the fifty-third days before the day on which the elections are scheduled to be held. 6. The chart referred to in the previous paragraphs shall be drawn up on the basis of the number of electors according to the last update of the electoral roll. Constitution of For both Senate and Population N/A Redrawing Permanent Electoral Romania Chamber of Deputies: Regulations on the Authority. Article 62 Constitution Elections to the 43 multi-member Article 62(3) Chamber of Deputies Regulations on the constituencies The number of Deputies and the Senate Elections to the and Senators shall be Art.10 Chamber of Deputies Regulations on the established by the and the Senate Elections to the electoral law, in proportion Art. 10 Chamber of Deputies to the population of (3) The modification of and the Senate Romania. the uninominal colleges The latest version of the Art. 10 may only be made if, law seems to be missing For the organization of compared to the elections, they shall set previous delimitation, a up constituencies at the positive or negative level of the 41 counties, variation of Romania one constituency in the 10% of the population of municipality of the respective Bucharest, and one uninominal college separate constituency for occurred. the Romanians with the domicile or residence outside the country. The total number of constituencies shall be of 43. The name and counting of constituencies shall be stipulated in the annex being an integral part of the present title. - 47 - CDL(2017)023

Permissible Types of Reallocation or If Redrawing, Decided Country Legal Basis Allocation Criterion Departure from the Constituencies Redrawing by Whom Norm Constitution of the Council of the Council of the Council of the Council of the The Central Election Russian Federation Federation: Federation: Federation: Federation: Commission Article 95 Indirectly elected administrative N/A N/A boundaries See column “reallocation or Federal Law on the State Duma: State Duma: redrawing” Election of Deputies of State Duma State Duma: - Single-member - Single-member the State Duma of the (450 members): - Single-member constituencies constituencies Federal Assembly of -225 single-member constituencies : 10%/15% : Redrawing the Russian Federation constituencies : the number of as amended on 12 July -1 nationwide multi- registered voters Federal Law on the Federal Law on the 2006, last amended on 2 member constituency for Election of Deputies of Election of Deputies of April 2014 225 members Federal Law on the the State Duma of the the State Duma of the Articles 3, 7, 12 Election of Deputies of Federal Assembly of Federal Assembly of Federal Law on the the State Duma of the the Russian Federation the Russian Federation Election of Deputies of Federal Assembly of Article 12.7 Article 12.10. the State Duma of the the Russian Federation The single-mandate The CEC develops a Federal Assembly of Article 12 electoral districts shall be new scheme of single- the Russian Federation (…)The boundaries of formed in accordance mandate electoral Article 3 the single-mandate with the following districts and their (2) 225 deputies of the electoral districts are requirements: graphic representation State Duma shall be determined based on the 1) Approximate equality and presents it in the elected in single- number of voters of single-mandate prescribed manner to the Russian mandate electoral district registered on the territory electoral districts State Duma no later than Federation (one district – one of the Russian according to the number 80 days prior to the member). Electoral Federation, as of the of voters registered in expiration of the term for districts are to be formed date closest to the day of their territory with a which the previous according to Article 12 of the adoption of the CEC permissible deviation scheme of single- this Law. decision for the from the average voter mandate electoral (3) 225 deputies of the consideration of the representation rate districts was approved. State Duma shall be State Duma, of the within a single subject of -Multi-member elected in the federal scheme of single- the Russian Federation constituency electoral district in mandate electoral for not more than 10 : N/A proportion to the number districts (January 1 or per cent; in difficult or of votes cast for the July1). remote areas - no more federal lists of than 15 per cent. The candidates to the - Multi-member average rate of voter deputies (hereinafter – constituency representation is federal lists of : N/A determined by dividing candidates). the total number of voters registered on the territory of the Russian Federation, the number of single-mandate electoral districts allocated to this subject of the Russian CDL(2017)023 - 48 -

Permissible Types of Reallocation or If Redrawing, Decided Country Legal Basis Allocation Criterion Departure from the Constituencies Redrawing by Whom Norm Federation. The list of difficult and remote areas is established by the law of the Russian Federation in force at the date of adoption of the CEC decision to submit for the consideration of State Duma of the scheme of single- mandate electoral districts; (…)

- Multi-member constituency: N/A Law of 31 January 1996 1 nationwide multi- N/A N/A N/A N/A no. 6 (“Electoral Law”), member constituency as modified in the last instance by the Qualified Law of 5 August 2008 no. 1 Law of 31 January 1996 San Marino Article 10 no. 6 (“Electoral Law”) Art.10(1) Per l'elezione del Consiglio Grande e Generale il corpo elettorale costituisce un collegio unico. Constitution 1 nationwide multi- Law on the Election of N/A N/A N/A Article 100 member constituency Members of the Parliament, no. Law on the Election of Constitution 35/2000, as lastly Members of the Article 100 amended in 2011 Parliament, no. The National Assembly Article 81 35/2000, as lastly shall consist of 250 amended in 2011 deputies, who are Only those electoral lists Serbia Article 4 elected on direct that won at least 5% of elections by secret ballot, votes out of the total in accordance with the number of voters who Law. have voted in the electoral unit shall Law on the Election of participate in distribution Members of the of mandates. Parliament Political parties of ethnic Article 4 minorities and coalitions - 49 - CDL(2017)023

Permissible Types of Reallocation or If Redrawing, Decided Country Legal Basis Allocation Criterion Departure from the Constituencies Redrawing by Whom Norm The MPs shall be elected of political parties of in the Republic of Serbia, ethnic minorities shall as a single electoral unit, participate in distribution on the basis of lists of of mandates even if they political parties, coalitions won less than 5% of of parties, other political votes out of the total organizations and lists number of voters who submitted by the groups have voted. of citizens (hereinafter referred to as: “electoral list”). The mandates shall be distributed among the MPs in proportion to the number of the votes received. N/A N/A N/A N/A Law no. 180/2014 Z. z. 1 nationwide multi- on conditions member constituency governing the exercise Law no. 180/2014 Z. z. of the right to vote, on conditions Section 44 governing the exercise of the right to vote Section 44 Slovakia Electoral constituency The territory of the Slovak Republic forms a single electoral constituency for elections to the National Council of the Slovak Republic. National Assembly: National Council: N/A Not indicated in the law National Assembly - 8 multi-member Not indicated in the law Elections Act (last constituencies (each of National Assembly: amended in 2006) them divided into 11 Population National Assembly: Article 20 single-member district) National Assembly Not indicated in the law - 2 single-member Elections Act National Council Act constituencies for Article 20 Slovenia Article 1 each the Italian or Eight constituencies Hungarian national shall be formed for the communities election of deputies to

the National Assembly.

National Assembly Eleven deputies shall be Elections elected in each Article 20 CDL(2017)023 - 50 -

Permissible Types of Reallocation or If Redrawing, Decided Country Legal Basis Allocation Criterion Departure from the Constituencies Redrawing by Whom Norm Eight constituencies constituency. shall be formed for the Constituencies shall be election of deputies to formed according to the the National Assembly. principle that one deputy Eleven deputies shall be elected in each is elected per an constituency. approximately equal Constituencies shall be number of inhabitants. In formed according to the the formation of principle that one deputy constituencies and is elected per an electoral districts, their approximately equal number of inhabitants. In geographical, common the formation of cultural and other constituencies and characteristics must be electoral districts, their taken into geographical, common consideration.[…] cultural and other characteristics must be taken into consideration. Electoral districts may cover the area of a single municipality, two or more municipalities, or part of a municipality. Each constituency shall be divided into eleven electoral districts, each with an approximately equal number of inhabitants. In each electoral district one deputy shall be elected. For the election of deputies of the Italian or Hungarian national communities, special constituencies shall be formed in those areas in which these communities reside.

National Council (40 members):

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Permissible Types of Reallocation or If Redrawing, Decided Country Legal Basis Allocation Criterion Departure from the Constituencies Redrawing by Whom Norm Not directly elected by the population.

Representation of the Congress of Deputies: Congress of Deputies: N/A (redrawing because of (redrawing because of People Institutional Act - 50 multi-member Two seats for each population changes) population changes) Articles 161, 162, 165, constituencies province, then 166 - 2 single-member population, Representation of the constituencies administrative/ People Institutional Act Representation of the Ley Orgánica de geographical Section 162 People Institutional Act Régimen Electoral Senate: boundaries Section 29 General 5/1985 Mixed system: 4. The Decree calling for 1. The Electoral 208 directly elected by Representation of the the election shall Register Office (In force since 1st April the population in People Institutional Act scepcify the number of within the National 2015) 62 single multi-member Section 162 members to be elected Statistical Institute constituencies. Membership of the in each constituency, is the body Link: 58 senators are Congress of Deputies according to this Section. responsible for http://www.juntaelectoral nominated by the Self- 1. The Congress compiling the central.es/cs/jec/docume governing Communities consists of three- electoral register. ntos/LOREG_ENG hundred fifty members It shall discharge (diputados). its functions under Representation of the 2. Each province shall the direction and People Institutional Act elect a minimum of two supervision of the Section 161 members, each of the Central Electoral 1. The constituency for cities of Ceuta and Commission. Spain election of members of Melilla being represented Congress of Deputies by one member. and Senators shall be 3. The other two- each of the Spanish hundred and forty-eight provinces, each of the members shall be cities of Ceuta and distributed among the Melilla having also the provinces proportionally constituency status. to their population, (…) 2. The preceding subsection does not Senate: apply in elections for the 4 senators for each Senate to the insular province (special rules provinces, for islands). Specific where the constituencies rules for indirect election for this purpose shall be of the senators by the each of the following self-governing islands or groups of Communities islands: Mallorca, Representation of the Menorca, Ibiza- People Institutional Act Formentera, Gran Section 165 Canaria, Fuerteventura, Allotment of Senate CDL(2017)023 - 52 -

Permissible Types of Reallocation or If Redrawing, Decided Country Legal Basis Allocation Criterion Departure from the Constituencies Redrawing by Whom Norm Lanzarote, Tenerife, seats to provincial Hierro, Gomera and La constituencies Palma. 1. Each provincial constituency shall elect four Senators. 2. Each insular constituency shall elect the following number of Senators: Gran Canaria, Mallorca and Tenerife three each; Ibiza-Formentera, Menorca, Fuerteventura, Gomera, Hierro and La Palma, one each. 3. The cities of Ceuta and Melilla shall elect two Senators each. 4. Self-governing Communities shall also appoint one Senator and a further Senator for each million inhabitants in their territory. The appointment shall be made by the respective Legislative Assembly in the manner provided for in the Self-governing Community’s Statute, which is to ensure in any case an adequate proportional representation. For the purposes of said appointment the precise number of senators for each Self-governing Community shall be determined on the basis of the population census in force on the date of the last election to the Senate.

- 53 - CDL(2017)023

Permissible Types of Reallocation or If Redrawing, Decided Country Legal Basis Allocation Criterion Departure from the Constituencies Redrawing by Whom Norm The Instrument of Mixed system The number of N/A (see previous Reallocation Law (Parliament) Government registered voters column) (Electoral Law, chapter 4, Chapter3 Articles 1, 6, 8 - 310 Seats Every four years section 2) : 29 multi-member The Instrument of Electoral Law of 2005 constituencies Government The Instrument of Note that constituency Chapter 4 Section 1,2 Chapter 3 Art. 6 Government boundaries have no crucial The Instrument of […]The fixed Chapter 3 Art. 6 significance, bearing in mind Government constituency seats are […] The distribution of the highly representative Chapter 3 Art. 6 distributed among the seats among the system for the allocation of constituencies on the constituencies is mandates Of the seats in the basis of a calculation determined for four years Riksdag, 310 are fixed of the relationship at a time. constituency seats and between the number of 39 are adjustment seats. persons entitled to vote […] in each constituency, Electoral Law of 2005 and the total number of Chapter 4 Section 1 persons entitled to vote For elections to the throughout the whole of Riksdag, county council the Realm. The assemblies and distribution of seats municipal assemblies, among the there shall be a constituencies is geographically defined determined for four years Sweden area for which members at a time. shall be elected for the decision-making Electoral Law, Chapter 4 assembly to which the section 3: election relates "Each constituency shall (constituencies). (…) have one electoral mandate for every time The list of the the number of people constituencies who have voting rights in (Chapter 4 Section 2) the constituency is evenly divisible by a - 39 adjustment seats three hundredth and (at-large system) tenth of the number of : The adjustment seats people who have voting are allocated to rights in the country as a constituencies after they whole. have been distributed If there are electoral among the parties. mandates remaining after they have been distributed in this manner, the remaining mandates are to be distributed, in sequence, CDL(2017)023 - 54 -

Permissible Types of Reallocation or If Redrawing, Decided Country Legal Basis Allocation Criterion Departure from the Constituencies Redrawing by Whom Norm to the constituencies which have the highest surpluses. If the surplus is equal in two or more constituencies, which constituency is to be given the mandate will be determined by casting lots." Constitution Council of States: Council of States: Council of States: Council of States: Council of States: Articles 149, 150 - 20 multi-member (2) Administrative boundaries N/A N/A (fixed) N/A constituencies - 6 single-member National Council: National Council: National Council National Council: Federal act on political constituencies Population N/A Reallocation before each N/A rights, election Art. 16 et 17 Constitution Loi fédérale sur les Art. 150: Composition droits politiques Cantonal laws on and election of the political rights, Council of States Article 16: Répartition containing the rules on 1 The Council of States des sièges entre les the election of the is composed of 46 cantons members of the Council representatives of the of States Cantons. 1. Les sièges du Conseil 2 The Cantons of national sont répartis Obwalden, Nidwalden, entre les cantons en Basel-Stadt, Basel- fonction de Landschaft, Appenzell l’effectif de la population Switzerland Ausserrhoden and résidante de l’année Appenzell Innerrhoden civile qui suit directement each elect one la dernière representative; the élection du Conseil other Cantons each national (renouvellement elect two intégral); cet effectif est representatives. obtenu sur la 3 The Cantons base des relevés fondés determine the rules for sur les registres officiels the election of their qui ont été réalisés dans representatives to the le cadre du recensement Council of States. de la population, au sens de la loi du 22 juin 2007 National Council: sur le recensement de 26 multi- or single- la population. member constituencies 2. Se fondant sur corresponding to the l’effectif de la population country's 26 cantons and validé conformément à their number of l’art. 13 de la loi - 55 - CDL(2017)023

Permissible Types of Reallocation or If Redrawing, Decided Country Legal Basis Allocation Criterion Departure from the Constituencies Redrawing by Whom Norm population. du 22 juin 2007 sur le recensement de la Constitution population, le Conseil Art. 149: Composition fédéral fixe le and election of the nombre de sièges National Council attribués à chaque 1 The National Council is canton lors des composed of 200 prochaines élections representatives of the pour le People. renouvellement intégral 2 The representatives du Conseil national. are elected directly by the People according to Article 17: Mode de a system of proportional répartition representation. A general election is held Mode de répartition every four years. 3 Each Canton Les 200 sièges du constitutes an electoral Conseil national sont constituency. répartis entre les 4 The seats are allocated cantons selon le mode to the Cantons according suivant: to their relative populations. Each a. répartition Canton has at least one préliminaire: seat. 1. le chiffre de la population de résidence de la Suisse est divisé par 200. Le nombre entier immédiatement supérieur au quotient obtenu constitue le premier chiffre de répartition. Chaque canton dont la population n’atteint pas ce chiffre obtient un siège et ne participe plus à la répartition des sièges restants.

2. le chiffre de la population de résidence des cantons restants est CDL(2017)023 - 56 -

Permissible Types of Reallocation or If Redrawing, Decided Country Legal Basis Allocation Criterion Departure from the Constituencies Redrawing by Whom Norm divisé par le nombre des sièges qui n’ont pas encore été attribués. Le nombre entier immédiatement supérieur au quotient obtenu constitue le deuxième chiffre de répartition. Chaque canton dont la population n’atteint pas ce chiffre obtient un siège et ne participe plus à la répartition des sièges restants.

3. cette opération est répétée jusqu’à ce que les cantons restants atteignent le dernier chiffre de répartition.

b. répartition principale:

Chaque canton restant obtient autant de sièges que le dernier chiffre de répartition est contenu de fois dans le chiffre de sa population.

c. répartition finale:

Les sièges qui n’ont pas encore été attribués sont répartis entre les cantons ayant obtenu les restes les plus forts. Si plusieurs cantons ont le même reste, les premiers à être éliminés sont ceux qui ont obtenu - 57 - CDL(2017)023

Permissible Types of Reallocation or If Redrawing, Decided Country Legal Basis Allocation Criterion Departure from the Constituencies Redrawing by Whom Norm les plus petits restes après la division du chiffre de leur population par le premier chiffre de répartition. Si ces restes sont aussi identiques, c’est le sort qui décide.

Electoral Code - 6 multi-member The number of 5% Redrawing Not indicated in the law (consolidated version constituencies registered voters in the as of August 2016) in-country Electoral Code Article 4 Electoral Code constituencies. Article 4(7) Article 4(2) In the electoral districts In the Parliament of Electoral Code in Republic of Republic of Macedonia, Article 4(7) Macedonia the 120-123 Members of In the electoral districts maximum allowed Parliament (hereinafter: in Republic of departure of the number MPs) shall be elected, of Macedonia the of voters shall be from - which 120 according to maximum allowed 5% to +5%, as the proportional model, departure of the number compared to the average whereby the territory of of voters shall be from - number of voters in the Republic of Macedonia 5% to +5%, as electoral district. shall be divided into six compared to the average electoral districts, as number of voters in the Each in-country electoral “The former determined in this Code, electoral district. district has 20 seats Yugoslav and each electoral (Article 4(3). Republic of district shall elect 20 Article 7 (2) Macedonia” MPs, and 3 MPs shall be elected according to the A citizen of the Republic proportional model in of Macedonia can stand one electoral district as a candidate for the which covers Europe, election of a Member of Africa, North and South Parliament, Member of America, Australia and Council and Mayor if Asia. he/she: -Is 18 years of age, and - 1 multi-member -has the capacity to constituency to cover contract. Europe, Africa, North A person cannot stand and South America, as a candidate for the Australia and Asia election of a Member of The first MP from the Parliament, Member of electoral district which Council and Mayor if covers Europe, Africa, he/she: CDL(2017)023 - 58 -

Permissible Types of Reallocation or If Redrawing, Decided Country Legal Basis Allocation Criterion Departure from the Constituencies Redrawing by Whom Norm North and South -has been issued a final America, Australia and court decision for Asia shall be considered unconditional elected if the MP list of imprisonment of more candidates has won at than six months and has least the same number still not started serving of votes as the smallest the sentence, and number of votes with -is serving a sentence of which an MP was imprisonment for elected in the electoral committing a criminal districts in the Republic offence. of Macedonia in the last In addition to the parliamentary elections requirements stipulated in the Republic of in paragraph (2) of this Macedonia. article, a citizen can The second MP from the stand as a candidate for electoral district which Member of Council and covers Europe, Africa, Mayor if he/she has North and South permanent residence in America, Australia and the municipality and the Asia shall be considered City of Skopje, where the elected if the MP list of election takes place. candidates has won twice as many votes as the smallest number of votes with which an MP was elected in the electoral districts in the Republic of Macedonia, in the last parliamentary elections in Republic of Macedonia. The third MP from the electoral district which covers Europe, Africa, North and South America, Australia and Asia shall be considered elected if the MP list of candidates has won three times as many votes as the smallest number of votes with which an MP was elected in the electoral districts in the Republic - 59 - CDL(2017)023

Permissible Types of Reallocation or If Redrawing, Decided Country Legal Basis Allocation Criterion Departure from the Constituencies Redrawing by Whom Norm of Macedonia, in the last parliamentary elections in Republic of Macedonia. Should none of the lists of MPs from the electoral district which covers Europe, Africa, North and South America, Australia and Asia obtain the required number of votes prescribed in paragraph (3) of this article, not a single MP shall be elected.

Loi organique n° 2014- Loi organique n° 2014- Not specified ; Loi organique n° 2014- Loi (voir colonne 16 du 26 mai 2014 16 du 26 Mai 2014 population 16 du 26 Mai 2014 précédente) relative aux élections relative aux élections relative aux élections et aux référendums et aux référendums et aux référendums Art. 106 – Les Décret n° 2011-1088 du Art. 173 – Jusqu’à la circonscriptions 3 août 2011 relatif à la promulgation de la loi électorales sont fixées et répartition des relative au découpage le nombre de leurs circonscriptions des circonscriptions sièges est déterminé par électorales et électorales prévue au une loi publiée au moins à la fixation du nombre sein de l’article 106 de la une année avant de sièges qui leur présente loi, le l'échéance électorale sont alloués pour les découpage électoral législative. élections des membres ainsi que le nombre des de l’assemblée nationale chaises adopté est le Tunisia constituante même que celui prévu pour les élections des membres de l’assemblée nationale constituante.

Décret n° 2011-1088 du 3 août 2011 relatif à la répartition des circonscriptions électorales et à la fixation du nombre de sièges qui leur sont alloués pour les élections des membres de l’assemblée nationale CDL(2017)023 - 60 -

Permissible Types of Reallocation or If Redrawing, Decided Country Legal Basis Allocation Criterion Departure from the Constituencies Redrawing by Whom Norm constituante

Art. 1

Le nombre total de sièges à l’assemblée nationale constituante est fixé à deux cent dix-sept (217) sièges. Le nombre total de circonscriptions électorales est fixé à trente-trois (33) circonscriptions.

Art. 2

Le nombre de sièges alloués aux circonscriptions électorales dans le territoire tunisien est fixé à cent quatre-vingt-dix- neuf (199) sièges, répartis sur vingt-sept (27) circonscriptions électorales, conformément au tableau « A » annexé au présent décret. Le nombre de sièges alloués aux circonscriptions électorales à l’étranger est fixé à dix-huit (18) sièges, répartis sur six (6) circonscriptions électorales, conformément au tableau (B) annexé au présent décret. - 61 - CDL(2017)023

Permissible Types of Reallocation or If Redrawing, Decided Country Legal Basis Allocation Criterion Departure from the Constituencies Redrawing by Whom Norm Parliamentary 85 Multi-member Population + 1 deputy N/A Reallocation Supreme Board of Elections Law (1983) constituencies assigned first to each After each census Elections Articles 4 constituency Parliamentary Parliamentary See column “reallocation or Elections Law Parliamentary Elections Law redrawing” Article 4 Elections Law First of all, out of the total Article 4 ARTICLE 5 – The number of deputies, one First of all, out of the total election districts and the deputyship shall be number of deputies (...) number of deputies to be allocated to each one deputyship shall be elected by each province. (…) allocated to each election district shall be province. The number of determined in inhabitants of Turkey, as accordance with Article 4 Turkey determined at the last above and announced census, shall be divided through the Official by the remaining number Gazette, radio and TV by of deputyships. The the Supreme Board of number of inhabitants of Elections within 6 each province shall be months from the divided by the number so announcement of the calculated to find the results of the census. number of deputies to be elected by that province on top the one deputyship allocated at the beginning. (…) Law of Ukraine on Mixed system The number of 12% Redrawing The Central Election Elections of People’s registered voters Commission Deputies - 1 multi-member Law of Ukraine on Law of Ukraine on Articles 1 constituency Law of Ukraine on Elections of People’s Elections of People’s See column “reallocation or - 225 single-member Elections of People’s Deputies Deputies redrawing” constituencies Deputies Article 18(2) Article 18(2) Article 18(2) Law of Ukraine on 2. Single-mandate See column “allocation See column “allocation Elections of People’s districts shall be created criterion” criterion” Deputies within the Autonomous Ukraine Article 1 Republic of Crimea, the 1. The People’s Deputies oblasts, the cities of Kyiv of Ukraine (hereinafter and Sevastopol, with referred to as “MPs”) approximately equal shall be elected by number of voters in each citizens of Ukraine on district. The approximate the basis of universal, average number of equal and direct suffrage voters in single-mandate by secret voting. districts shall be 2. The quantitative determined by the CDL(2017)023 - 62 -

Permissible Types of Reallocation or If Redrawing, Decided Country Legal Basis Allocation Criterion Departure from the Constituencies Redrawing by Whom Norm composition of the Central Election Verkhovna Rada of Commission on the Ukraine is 450 MPs. basis of data of the State 3. The election of MPs Voter Register. A shall be conducted on deviation in the number the basis of a mixed of voters in a single- (proportional-majority) mandate election district electoral system: shall not exceed twelve 1) 225 MPs shall be percent from the elected on the basis of a approximate average proportional system in a number of voters in nationwide multi- single-mandate election member election district districts. (hereinafter, nationwide election district) under electoral lists of MP candidates (hereinafter, electoral lists) from political parties (hereinafter, parties); 2) 225 MPs shall be elected on the basis of a simple majority system in single-mandate election districts (hereinafter, single-mandate election districts).

Article 18(1) The election of Members of Parliament shall be held in a nationwide election district, which shall include the whole territory of Ukraine and out-of-country election precincts, and in 225 single-mandate election districts, which shall be established by the Central Election Commission and shall exist on a permanent basis. - 63 - CDL(2017)023

Permissible Types of Reallocation or If Redrawing, Decided Country Legal Basis Allocation Criterion Departure from the Constituencies Redrawing by Whom Norm Guide to Parliamentary House of Lords House of Lords: The typical size of Redrawing The Parliament and the Constituencies in the Appointed: N/A constituencies differs Boundary Commissions UK (March 2015) N/A between parts of the UK. for England, Scotland, House of Commons: The Office for National Wales and Northern House of Commons: Allocation of seats to Statistics gives the Ireland 650 single-member England, Scotland, median total constituencies Wales and Northern parliamentary electorate Guide to Parliamentary - 533 in England Ireland prefixed across constituencies of Constituencies in the UK - 59 in Scotland about 72,400 in England, (March 2015) - 40 in Wales, and 69,000 in Scotland, - 18 in Northern Ireland 66,800 in Northern The Boundary Commissions Ireland and 56,800 in for England, Scotland, (The number of House of Wales. Wales and Northern Ireland United Commons will be are responsible for reporting Kingdom reduced to 600 to Parliament regularly on according to the necessary changes to Parliamentary Voting constituency boundaries. system and Constituencies Act 2011. However, The Electoral Registration and Administration Act 2013 later delayed implementation of the changes to the number of constituencies until at least 2018.) CDL(2017)023 - 64 -

Permissible Types of Reallocation or If Redrawing, Decided Country Legal Basis Allocation Criterion Departure from the Constituencies Redrawing by Whom Norm US Constitution Senate: Senate: Senate: Senate: Senate: Article 1 Section 3 50 multi-member Administrative N/A N/A N/A constituencies boundaries The Permanent (2 members for each House of House of House of Apportionment Act of State) House of Representatives: Representatives: Representatives: 1929 Representatives: USA uses the Method of Redrawing It differs from state to state. Constitution Every state Equal Proportions. (within each state) 2 U.S. Code § 2a Article 1 Section 3 constitutionally Relocation (to states) (17th Amendment) guaranteed at least one For the allocation of The Senate of the United seat; share of the seats to states see 2 U.S. Code § 2a - States shall be aggregate population column: reallocation or composed of two redrawing Reallocation Senators from each To each state state, elected by the Every 10 years people thereof, for six years; and each Senator On the first day, or within shall have one vote. one week thereafter, of the first regular session House of of the Eighty-second Representatives: Congress and of each 435 Single-member fifth Congress thereafter, United States constituencies the President shall of America transmit to the Congress a statement showing the whole number of persons in each State, excluding Indians not taxed, as ascertained under the seventeenth and each subsequent decennial census of the population, and the number of Representatives to which each State would be entitled under an apportionment of the then existing number of Representatives by the method known as the method of equal proportions, no State to receive less than one Member.