SISEA/ANTH 448: Modern Korean Society Professor Sorensen December 6, 2017 Study Sheet for Final Exam (Tuesday, December 12th, 10:30-12:20 Thomson 325)

Organization: Short Answer/Definition 20 points; descriptive essay 15 points; interpretive essay 15 points. Total 50 points. Bring blue book. The exam will focus on the second half of the course (from November 2nd on) so I will not ask specific short/answer definition questions, or descriptive questions on the material in the first half of the course. However, material from the first half of the course may be relevant for interpretive questions. Be sure to know technical terms on the PowerPoints. (I will not ask anything from the PowerPoint “Famine and Aftermath” which is from last year’s course).

Periodization Current Government (This section is to help you organize your Mun Jae-in 2017- thoughts. These are not terms I will specifically use for short answer/definition North Korea questions) DPRK 1953-1991 Kim Jong Il 1994-2011 1927 JODK goes on air Arduous March (Famine) 1994-1998 1935 Mokp’o’s Tears a hit Reforms 2002-2005 Kim Jong Un 2011- South Korea April 19 (1960) Student Revolution (Prepare the following terms for short an Normalization with 1965 swer/definition questions.) Militarized Modernity Park Chung Hee 1961-1979 Candlelight Protests Kwangju Uprising 1980 386 generation Chun Doo Hwan 1980-1987 Sunshine policy Democratization 1987- Captivation Roh Tae-woo 1988-1993 Kwanghwamun Kim Young Sam 1993-1998 Red Devil fans Currency Crisis 1997-8 George Bush 2002 Axis of Evil Speech Sunshine Policy 1998-2008 Misŏni and Hyosuni Kim Dae Jung 1998-2003 SOFA Neoliberal reforms Minjung DJ visits P’yŏngyang 2000 PKC (Pan-Korean Community) 2002 Candlelight Protests BSE (Bovine spongiform encephalopathy) Roh Moo-hyun 2003-2008 Grand Canal Project (YMB) Conservative retrenchment Chicken coop tours Lee Myung Bak 2008-2013 2008 Candlelight Protests North Korea Park Keun-hye 2013-2017 Engagement versus inducements

1 Suryŭngje Ppongtchak/trot Supreme Peoples Assembly Japanese tinged music Presidium Flower handsome man (kkonminam) Party Central Committee Feminized masculinity Politburo Everyday reflexivity Party Chair Han (恨) Organization and Guidance Department Hallyu (韓流) National Defense Commission Soft power Organizational Life Hybridization First Nuclear Crisis 1992-4 Media imperialism Agreed Framework Cultural agency Marketization from below Jungian project Second Nuclear Crisis 2002-2008 Reflexivity Six Party Talks Precarious individualization Permanent Nuclear Crisis 2009- Pop nationalism 2012 Leap Day Deal Apkujŏng culture Field Responsibility System K-pop (versus other kinds of Korean pop an May 30 (2014) Reforms d/or J-pop) Soft power Hallyu Fandom Folk versus pop music Big Three and Cultural South? Commoditization of culture Localization Enka versus trot (yuhaengga/ryūkōka) Technocultural contagion Japanese tinged (waesaek) Non-national (mugukchŏk) Screen quota system (in South Korea) Ethnonational film historiography ______NB—The final is not cumulative, but covers only class material from November 2nd until the end of class. Since much of our material on North Korea is based on lecture and reading of articles take care to study these carefully in conjunction with the study sheet. We spent ten days considering the 2002 and 2008 candlelight protests, two weeks on the effectiveness of sanctions (or not) on North Korea, and have spent two weeks on K-pop and Hallyu.

In preparing for the Final: Those students who are able to integrate and cross-reference inform ation from several readings and from lecture to intelligently discuss social conditions and proble ms in South and North Korea will be most successful in the exam. In thinking about gender, for e xample, try to integrate the analysis of Moon with information from Kang. Think about how “ca pture” in candlelight protests resembles and does not resemble K-pop fan culture. Treat other iss ues in similar ways. In thinking about the readings note that you will have to remember who said what to effectively incorporate your readings into your exam answers.

Be prepared to answer the following questions: (1) How does the concept “captivation” help us understand the nature of internet activism that begin in South Korea around 2002? What are some of the dangers that some

2 commentators see in internet captivation? Be prepared to write an essay giving your own opinion on the pluses and minuses of internet activism in South Korea 2002-10. (2) Why is Kwanghwamun such a potent symbolic space that demonstrators want to occupy (and the government often wants to prevent demonstrators from occupying) in South Korea? (3) Know what the 386 generation is, and be prepared to distinguish the old political activism of the 386 generation from that of the candlelight protests in 2002 and 2008. What does minjung discourse have to do with old style activism? (4) What is distinctive about the postauthoritarian neoliberal youth compared to the old activists? (5) Be prepared to describe the 2002 candlelight protests including the immediately preceding events (“axis of evil speech”, Salt Lake City Winter Olympics, World Cup Finals), and the main issue about which the candlelight protests developed? (6) What does SOFA have to do with the court martial about the deaths of Misŏni and Hyosuni? (7) Be prepared to have an opinion about the 2002 and 2008 candlelight protests including what they were about, how political they were (or if not political what?), and whether they were anti-American. (8) Why does Kang criticize those who call the 2002 protests anti-American? How do former participants remember these events, and how do these remembrances give rise to Jiyeon Kang’s interpretation of the demonstrations? (9) What causes Kang to call the candlelight protests “post-authoritarian”? (10) Kang says beefs imports in 2008 were a metonym for dissatisfaction with President Myungbak Lee. What does she mean by this? (11) Kang links the 2008 protests to various school reforms of the Lee Myungbak administration. What aspects did students object to? (12) What does Kang mean when she calls the 2008 protests “carnivalesque” and in what way does she think these are a “new ideological repertoire”? (13) What are Haggard and Noland’s two conceptions of engagement. Which type of engagement was the Agreed Framework? Sunshine policy? Six Party Talks? Strategic Patience? Have an opinion about which (if any) of these policies was more effective. (14) What are the reasons North Korea is a “hard target” for both sanctions and inducements? (Hint: what is it about how sanctions or inducements are supposed to work that is problematic for North Korea?) (15) Be prepared to make a general description of the North Korean politico-economic system with an eye to explaining why the DPRK is a “hard target”. (16) What is “marketization from below” and how might it change the diplomatic calculus about North Korea about whether sanctions and inducements can work? Do Haggard and Noland see much prospect for political change in North Korea? Economic change? (17) What’s the conceptual difference between folk culture and pop culture? What sociocultural conditions cause the commoditization of culture, and when were these conditions achieved in Korea? (18) Why were the songs of empire (yuhaengga) renamed ppongtchak, and later trot

3 (트로트)? Do you think they are irredeemably “Japanese-tinged”? Why do Koreans care about this issue? (19) What are some of the reasons people think Korean (television) dramas are popular outside Korea? If you are a consumer of these dramas feel free to use your personal experience of watching them to agree with or criticize the analysis of the readings. (Remember: to do this you have to remember who said what.) (20) If consumption truly is an “extension of the Jungian project” (cf. Choi and Maliangkay), how does this link the internet, captivation, carnivalesque demonstrations, and fan enlistment? (21) Have an opinion on the reasons for the success of K-pop abroad. Is it SME’s “manual of cultural technology”? Non-national groups (mugukchŏk gŭrup) that are localized for specific markets? Is it government support and national branding? Is it “cultural glide’ from J-pop? All of the above? (22) Have an opinion about the manufacture of K-pop groups. Is it alienated labor? Why or why not? Do you think sexual stereotyping is inherent in K-pop or simply a marketing tool for big entertainment conglomerates? How about commoditization and Apkujŏng culture? (23) Why does Aaron Magnan Park think it’s important to remember the Hong Kong career of Chung Chang Wha even though he is critical of “ethnonational film (24)historiography”? Do you think promotion of K-pop is an effective tool for promoting South Korean soft power? How about Korean dramas? Or movies? (25) Be prepared to compare and contrast the consumption of K-pop in three countries. One can be the US (based on your own knowledge), but the other two have to be based on reading.

4