I RAXGA LIN t Publishodby lh6 Plblicand Prival€ Sec1o6 ConveBenc€ forSolid Wesl6 Co-govemanc6in udan Poor Communiiies Proiod - Dep8dm€ntofEnvkonnEnl and Nafuial Resouross DENR,Visayas Avenue, Diliman, Quezon Ci9, PhiliooinBs

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Edlt€dard doslgnsd by Atono M. de yera Coverillusiration bvLgUo, Ouz The Socioeconomic Feasibility Study of a Gluster-Barangay MRF System in Barangays Palingon, Lingga, & Sampiruhan, Calamba City, Province of Laguna, Philippines

I

Public& PrlvateSectors Conv6rgence tor SolidWasto Co.GovEmance in Urban Poor Communities IPPPUE.SWMIProjocl PHI/0ZG58 Foreword a)u)ca

the PPPUE-SWMProject is a Herculeantask, lt aimsto put up the first-ever rfuliyTmplemetrtitrg ftnctional oluster-barangayMaterials Recovery Facility (MRF), ald ostablishthe ftst fomal public-privatepartne$hip on solid waste maoagement.The project vas launchedin August 2002 in three urban poor barangaysin CalambaCity, narnely, BarengaysPalingoq Lingga"and Sampiruhan.Collectively, they are known as paliSam, whichcoincidentally its root wordpalrj meansXo clean up completgly,

Closeto the projectfinale, March 2004, w€ aren€ar to completingwhat we havecorunitted to deliver,We are able to facilitat€the olusteringof three barangaysto cooperatefor the esiablishmentof a single MRF. We are also able to comeup with a model on how the govemment,jl this casethe tt[ee barangays,can unite with the privateseoior in addressing a social problem,such as solid waste.In this project,pdvate sectorrefers to all entities and people's otganization! outside the gov€mmenlae.g., business,nongovemmental women'sgrcup, eto.

Thisfeasibilitystudy}vasthebasisofthePalisam,spublic-privatepartnershipmodelIt meetingsandjoint studieswith the local wasa productof morethan a yearof consultations' calledPaLiSam Community MRF residents.To date,a nonstocknonprofit corporation the public andprivat€ seotors oolvergence Ircorporsted is oflicially r€gisteredto l€galize to provideecological wastg management in CalambaCify. The corporalionprimaily aims t'o the communitythe proceedsfrom its systemfor lhe three barangaysand plow back as'medicol' livelihood and school assistanca' operationsin the form of publicservioes' suoh

will be ableto put up tunctionalcluster- it is ho;ed that drough this study,oth€r barangays 'Eoological otherwiseknow! as tlre Solid barangayMRFs in compliancewith the RA 9003 wasteManagementActof2000'',sndatthesamgtimeelhanc€public-privatepsrticipation andcommunity enterprise. I

Preface B)t)C€

BAcKcRoUND ,

for tlis study firsl emeBed afttr the approvalof tbe ljnpleme ing Rules alrd T he concept r Regulationsof RA 9OO3in Dec€mber2001. Particuladyon ib provisionsencouraging the clusteringof bamngaysto put up MRFSand private s€ctor'sparticipation to addrss solid wast€ conc€ms.As therewas no modelon how thesecan b€ done,the Dep$trnentdeveloped a project proposalthst would comeup with a hodel on how two or morc bs.rangayscan cooperateand how thcy oer enterinto joint venturevith theh privatesector oounterpart. Thus drc birth of the Public and Privale S€ctoft Convcrgenoefor Solid Waste Co_Sovernanoein urban poor oommuniti€s IPPPUE-SWMIProject i! August2002 thot spe$headed lhe conductoftbis feasibilitystudy

CoNrRsuroRs

A t€arnof.xp€rts conductedthe study:A. Allan Poncr, tc.m leader,Dr. Ma. LourdesRebullids' consultantfor sooialoompon€n! and Mr, Bgrt Guevara,oonsultart for teahnicalaspecl. The Prcicct Manegemert Office providedthe ovemll supervisionand res€arch:Alb€rt Mtga@- Arlere de Vera Gilda Yurtas,Juvinia S€rdfr\ Albeno P€cho,and Rebecoa Villaiueva'

Mr. Joey Sta. Ana, a codsultantfrofl anothersolid wastemanagement project of th€ NSWMC_ Secretarial,help€d the PMO in conduclingthe wastechamcterization survey.

The Project Trsk Force, a group composedonly of local paxln€rs,spearheaded the community coosultations.validatioDs and coordination: Ba$ngayPalingon: Capt. Narciso Gillaco, Luis Mirand4 andJerry Gotengco BarangayLingga: Capt. Erlsn Retusto,Nicalor Paner,and Joel Tsfiala BarongsySarnpiruhan: capt JirDmylrpez, EmadiBaldonado, and Remedios David city Govemlltent:Mayor Seleriio Lajsr4 Coun.Ramil Hemandez, Loida HumarangRuby Arenas, andJulie Latip OInc€ oflhe Congr€ssionalltepr€sedative, 2d Disnid ofI-aguin: Cong!€ssmanJoaquin Chipeco,.tr.,Mario Marcial snd FloretrtinoSarfos PugadLawiD - calamba:Jose Alihan

SPoNSoRS

The Urtted NttloG DevelopmetrtPmgmmE€ lManila] andPublie-P.lvot Plrtnershlps for thc Urbrn ErvlroDment lBangkok]supporf€d the Depar[nentin carying out a process-orientedeffort to co$e up with the PhilippinePublic PdvatePartnenhip model: Amelia Dulce Sup€tran,Aimee Manal Moriio FraDciscr,and Tsutomu Nishimura Acknowledsment e)tDC€

wish to acknowledgethe persons,groups, \^/re and insritutjonswho at c€rhin points in the developrdentofthis feasibilitystudy contributed their ideas, time alld resources.

The goodpeople ofBarangays Palingon, Lingga, and Sampiruhan who patientlyparricipaied in our seriesof oonsoltationsand validations,particularly, the membersof the BarangaySolid Waste ManagementCofimittees, Solid WasteManage6ent purck coordinators,members ofthe bar&ngEy councilsand .targerrridng l(dbaraar, junkshop ownerc, a'lrd solid waste collectors,

We would like also io extend ou. deepestappreciation to the nongove.dm€nbllnd people's organizationsin dre projeotsite that haveunselfishly shored with us theif experiences,and views, Their oouragein voicingout th.ir opinionson bow this MRF prcjectshould be |an in palisam K€pr the PMO gluedto the b€stinterest ofthe conununity.

TbeProJect Mrnsgement Omco CoNrsNrs caa)g)

ExecutiveSummary

CHAPTERI PRoJEcrBAcKcRot ,ID& STLDIFRALGWoRK,1

CHAPTER2 TIrsPnoncr Locr.noN, 15

CHAPTER3 TfrEPRoPosED MRF Svsrau, 34

CHAPTER4 Pwsrc,rrF.lcnrv, .55

CHAPTER5 Onc,Ll,rzartotnplet, dy'

CHAITER6 CAPAcrryDEvELopMEN r ytm, 7 7

CHAITER7 Co.co'TiTRNANcE& Co-MANAcrlcNr Nu,r,lces, 84

CHAPTER8 Il,nmrsNunoNscurouLe, 94

CHA?TER9 FrNANcrAr,EcoNoMrc, & SocroEcolocrcAl AN,Lt_vsrs, 9 Z

CMPTERl0 corclusiou,1 ./ 0 t.xecullve bummary a)F)c€

DESCRIPTION

tTrhe proposedc'usler-ba$ngay MRF systemshall be refe ed to as the Palisamcommunity MRF, In_ I corporated.It shallbe a sustainablesystem of managingthe solidwaste of BarangaysPalingon, Lingga,and Sampinrhanin CalambaCity, It aimsto transformmunicipal wastes into useableand market- ableresources qhile effectivelycontibuting !o the overall processof reducingpollution, conserving en_ ergy, creatingjobs andbusiness opportunities, building competitivemanufacturing industries, improving the h€althoonditions ofthe community,and defieasing the localgovemment's overall disposal needs and expenses.

LocATION

The MR.Fshall be locatedin BarangayPalingon, Cslambs City. The servicearea is BarsngaysPalingon, Lingga,and Sampiflihan.

l ts)i ('

srARr-uPpArr I rbep.risamcomEunitv*'."":Tj,T;J#'ffjJ,TJJ'irTf.l;T;ffi,l-'"Hf seeFgaD( l ,$$".ffiH,:i*l'ffi2004.By that time' the fi-barangay ffi:Tin":fill'llx:trffi ffi;:r#!

STAKEHOLDERS ,l 1"fr?ffiStilfrffi::lJH;:"*''so*Linss&ardsa"'pi'uh-| I : tr:'#,:1ffi#:#il11"'**i""ro"quiochipeoo'rr"2dcons'essionsrDistict'Fovir nonprolitotgsoization co oty ohspterof I nstiolalnonstoolq .- frffT"1""'c*t-os [$e calaoba andentsepreneursl ""i* "to*"*t*rsons

CowoNENTS fourEajo! operationalcomponents: MRF'lncorporated shall have Thcproposed Polisao Co$Eunity t r€duotior/s€gr€Etionat soulc€ . catlectionand bansport . reooYoryand Ptooesgmg . matketingand sales

B) ii Ofer'tlontlFloucft.n

Housoholds,coi lEdel Bbbqshmenb& ot$r lmttltto|B

E€gFlaton3l Souma F t F F CdnrunltySold F I I I I I I contofl€d,Eartbry I lai(nl I tl t| l ;l

; A)v I

Pt{YSlcALFActr-lrY

shell houseth€ main tipping floor' rccycla pbysioalfacility is a oncstor€y sltucturetlnt the rtraia adminishatile rcsidualholding ohambers' as well 8sfte stotrgeareas, cohpostiog anil curingroom' palisam MRF' Inoorpontsd' *r*lriog om"u" of$" community easilyoonsfirck modularly Additionalvrorkspace oanbe The MRF is a one-stoleybuilding designed theneedariscsandasthebudg€tallowsitAtthesto4theMRFshallconsistoftlree[3]modules

"""i."*"0*rr""followingsize:3.60.E.widthx6.00-6:l€ngth,andaheightofstle$t30 tcrs. six pa its Barangaychairperso& has rDade 'voilablQ The barangaygovemnlent ofPalingoi' though to serv€as th€ siteofthe MRF' 160 sq m', sdjacentto the mai! road' "if-i "oft, "f,"*,

Sch.ndctloor Pl.n hor b I nonprofit The Palisan CommunityMRF, Incorporatedshall be orga,rizedand registercdas a nonstock, corporationwiti a corporatelile of50 yea6.

Hbe cdbmftv*RF lidxDdtld

PROJEC] TASKfORCE r| I of personnelat stafi_up' I It shallrequire rhe follovr'ingnumber and tlpes I gtrd.up Stafiio! R€quhlm6nt

;

; tl

; t :l :l r| t I t Fr\A\"crAL ANALYSEs Tle inv€stmentrequirenenl of t|€ proposedpalisam CommunityMRF, Incorporatedwas computed r|I PhP3,482,800,brokeD down as fotlows: ' Registrationarld Construflion costs PhP1,580,000 ' AcquisitionofEqBiprnent, Fumiture& Fixtures _ 830,400 ll . OperdringCapiEl lfirstsix monrhsl 1,072,200

Thecashflow analysis indicates tiat witl a positiveending cash balance all throughout I parisam thefirst five fars ofoperation,the comftunityMRF, rncorporated is a pfofitabre,susl.ainabre, and viable under.uk_ ! ing. TheProjected CashflowStatemeft indicates also the tbllowing;

r' PaybackPeriod. I Thepayback period is a littleover five years. on thesixth year ofits operarons,the Paiisarncomrnunig/ MRF, Incorporated is computedto havepaid back ib originari'vesmen! I upcapitat. or start. 2. ServiceFee. As a mechanismto generateadditional working capitaland !o nakethe Coryoralion less I oepenoenton extemal assistanca, the project TaskForce as well as the conmunity rnemoen Iely on eachparticipaling agreeato householdanc ionswithin phpr rheservice area a dairyseryice fee of I for househordsand php5 for institut;or;ss] Fromthe househoids aloDe, a totalofphp E4-million is expectedto becollected I fiveyea$. duringthe period of I &) ix T

financialassidalc€ I with the se.vicefee sohemein plac€,no additionalcapital inftsion or exterDal would be requi&d dudngthe first five y€lJsofopemtion oftle Enterprise

genemtea grosscash sales of 3. Sates,Duritlg the period 2004-2OOE.th€ Corporahonis anticipatedtu piocess'gensrate a modestbut PhP6.4-mi1lionfrom coBpostand factory retunables alone and in tbe F very pleashgDet operaling income ftom ssl€sof PliP1'7_million' F EcoNo}\.flcAllAlYsEs is uPonthe local Th€ mostevialent socio€conomio impact ofthe Palisamcommunity MRF, Incotporat€d balangays' F economy€specially on the mor:bundtrade and coornerrial artivities within the thre€ of PhPT'g-milliollin The Corporationwill be generatinga total of 16 newjobs in the areaeaming a total PhPl l-million in taxes F salari€sover a period of five yea$. This meansthat on the average,a tot41of alonewill be Paid, paltents! aading' The operationsof the MRF will be generdling6 totat ofPh!6'?-million in Purohases' F yea$. In the process'I numberofupsheon anddownsheam business andthe like over a periodof five const'tuction'is ex- and economicaotivities, e.g., sari-saristore, applianc€ sales, recreational spending' F peotedto be stimulated F SocroEcoloclcAr ANAI-YsEs t the landfill' an The study indicatesthat the MR-Fwould be handling,and therefore diverting away ftom ofth€ totalcoll€ction ofthe averageof 34.6tons of solidwaste on a monthlybasis This is about3 3% monttllybudget I City ENRO,In monetaryterms, this reductionis equalto PhPs2-thousdndin teffis ofthe t F

ll drec;t''C rt)' sNnoENRO unaand PhP40-thousandphp+o- l;.. in lermsofthe total monthlypa)ment ofthe City Governmenrto _:_,3S\\ contr-actor.

.1. PalisamMRF is alsohighly elficjent in the utilizationofthe investmentcontribulions. Over a Deriod fi\'eyears, the Palisam f MRFwould be handring almost 820,tons ofsorid waste. This ttuslates to onrv hP'{.24investment costper kilogram ofsoiid wajrc.

we arc to assumethat the PalisamMRF \,vouldbe contributoryto the reductionofone caseeach ofden_ t I 4

- E I| t t I &) xi Chapte.I

PRoJEcr BACKGRoUND& STLDYFRAMEWoRK s)&)c€

I

or herfirst official act as the 14'President ofthe Philippine Republic, cloria Macapagal-Arroyo, on26 Janusry200 I , signedinto law RepublicAct 9003 or the EcologicalSolid WasteMamgement Act of 100. The pioneeringlegislation calls for the establishmentofa syst€matic,cotuprehensive, and ecologi- solidwaste management program to addressthe critical situationofsolid wastcin the country.

saidprogram shall take into consid€rationthe social,economic, technologioal, political, and adrninis- ivedimensions ofthe country'ssolid waste problem. The social difiension ofsolid waste management ls for the minimizationofwaste generationfiom the source.The economicdimeflsion regards waste recyclingas an entepreneurialactivity. The teohnolorydimension promotes affordable, appropriate, and vhonmentally-friendlywaste disposal systems. Cutting across these three dimgnsions at€ the policy irn. rativesand adminiltrative requirements olthe nationwid€waste minimization, recyoling, atd disposal aclivities.

Actr underscoresonce more the irnportant govcmmenl play -ng tatk thatthe barangaylocal uDits in ensur- the successof implementingany nationalsocioeconomic development program particularly wherc it -aEers mosl - at the communitylevel. The bamrgaylocal governmentunits, in parhershipwith key T,munitvmembers, are expectedto be at the forefrontof rolid wastecollection, segregation, and re- ftrlcling activities.As the focalpoint ofthe barangaywasie management prog|am, a MaterialsRe-

r =r docunenl RepublicAct 9003shall b€ interchan8eablyrefered to by ils for,nal lille of EcologicslSolid r= \r3?€!r,xrt Act of2000,as RA 9003,or simplyas the Act.

&)l coveryFacility [MRF] sha[ be establishedas mandated by the Act in everybarangay or clusterofbarat- gaysofthe couniry.

In its contiruing efrod to upgrodeth€ envfuonrnentaland nstural resources plannirlg and management ca- pacitiesof localgovernment omcials asw€ll askey communitymembers, especially in implementing$e rel€vantprovisions ofthe new Act, the DepartrnentofNatural Resourcesand Developient developedand put into play a short-termtechdcal sssistancepackage. Thrcugh lhe NationalSolid WasteManagenent Cor0mission,the nationalagsDcy principally taskedwith overseeingthe implementationand enha[cing the policy environrnentof RepublicAct 9003,the packageseeks to improvethe capabilitiesof local gov- €rDm€ntoflcials aswell asoommutity membe.s,preferentially ftom urban-poorbarangays, in desigring ands€aitrg up a cluster-barangayMRF.'

PRoJECTSrlE

Chosento be the pilot site for this technicalassistence package are thrce contiguousa$d economically- challengedborangays in CalarnbaCity. The city is descripttueof sny hajor city in the country,i.e., a mp- idly modernizingone widr signsofsocio€conomic disparities alld polaritigi, and besetwith problemsas- sociat€dwith populationsnd spatialcongestior\ particularly that ofan ineflicientsolid waste management Eystem.

Thc threepilot barangaysare BarangaysPalingon, Lingga, and Ssmpiruhan.The baranga,sare located alongthe rhoresof Lagunade Ba'i.

z Prior to thft, the mostrecent oapacity-building projcct foousing on loosl goverrnnentofiicials wrs the Lac€l En- vilolllnent Phnningand lttanrgemcnrProj.ct ILEPM Projcct].Initirte-d in 1998wifl fundin8assistanc. fron th€ UnitedNitioDs Dev€loprnent Progranme [UNDP], dl€ Projert w!3 pilotedin dle cities of Lips, Tagbila$fl,and C!- galm dc Oro. Dudry dl€ courseof implementatioqit boemo grar€ly evidentthat lo.al govcrnmentunits wolld n€edall tlc h.lp d|.y can 8et in ffndilg s sultainablesolutidr to th€ !€€minglyuncontrollable Fbblern of solid waste.Thb capacity-buildingnoed wa! all the ftorc highlightcddurinS !h€ pr€pantionof the lrnplen€DtingRul€s and Regulatioff[IRR] olRA 9003thst Etdtedin July 2000snd in whiohthe LEPM Projec!plsy€d s majorpart es th€ Finciprl nsourceconduit ofUNDP rid anddle dat bankofvalrlable irsidts andexpc.i€ncc in local govemsnce andcqErnuity-lerll policyand op.ratior8l dynanicr,

8)2 .ocatirlgthe projectin CdambaCity is basedon the fo'lowine selectio!criteriar:

Crlamba_Cityis a rapidlyurbanizing city with a bd.geo[ingproblem on Bolidwrste. The city is hostto 4,1?9 loc€l ard intemationalmanufsctu.ing and cornmercial establishmenls as well as six in- dustrialparks, several r€sof facilitiesrard a numberofhigh-end housing subdivisions. Its 2002 total revenueofPhP593.8 million, an impressive 60% increase from 2OOl ,evenue figur€, rivals that ofth€ leadingcities of Metro Manila.Through it all, a s€riousconcem js ih solid w6stesituation. The City Environmentand Naturai Resources Office lcity ENRO]js onlyable to service32 outofthe 54 total baradgaysofthe ciry,Within this service area, the city govemment manages to collectonly ?8% of fr€ total solid wastegenerated. The collectedsolid wastesare disposedof in a contractor-op€raEo controlled_dlmpsite located in the neighboringmunicipality of Cabuyao.The cjty's two prewous dumpsiteshave beeD closed due to overfilling.

CahmbeCity's environmentalcondltions bsvern impscton the biggernstioorl ecosystem.part of Lagunade Ba'i, the country'sbiggest lake and freshwater source, is iocatedin CalambaCity. Two majorriver systems oflhe citydrain directly to thelake. The lake, on the other hand. drains throueh PaiigRiver and thence to ManilaBay.

The projectstak€holders hsve made cle{r their conmitmentsto the succ€ssfulInplementrtion Fof the proj€ct. The concemedstakehoiders have put into *Titing their comrnitnentsto tle designand operationalstccess of theproposed undertaking.

Crlrmb3 City's proximi8 to the olficeot the NadonrtSolld Wesle Monrgement CoDDlssiotr F!!d oth€r concened nationalsnd Inter[alionrl developmentagenci€s, Being a pilot project,it I would be practicalfor the projectto b€ locatednear the Metro Manilo areawhere.6; conc€medna, tional agenciesajld officesare locat€d.Thh set up facilitatesthe conductof regularmonitoring and evaluationexercises as well asensurcs the more effective operational collaboration omong and be" t tweenthe implementationpartners. I

Annex 3, IINDP ProjecrDocument of rhe DENR-implemenledfublic and pdvare SecrorsConvergenc€for poor +l;d wasi€Co-govenunc€ in Urban Communilies[pppUE-SWM] prcject, PHI/02/O5S

F)3 r

T PRoJEcrDESCRJPTIoN I tl l*;*,;+;;1,ro't*]nrr,'mfll,**'*gil',$'ffi t *T"Tf;"3#"lffi#lif ihil: t $gp,g+:-ugl,i,+*fi*fl sTuDYMEcHANlcs t fl"*:i:xf;iiffff"'ffi1T*fa[Tf;:::l,1"':"fix;afeasib'itvstudvo,'thep'oposedprojectto fi':l T :ltTilT#:ilx'"Tffi"ifi,fii:H.xl*H:ni::"::''fi :JJ:llliTTiiqlJij';:1ff I ijif".f.$i;:il#i{;":ilfifrHJfiliil***=r'll*.'l*+gt**g*'l"'* nujt"d. I ffiTrli:*illl.",iil;fi;,ih'fi'"'iff::::T*::'j*i"J:ff'#';':il'&'};"il:Hi:"#lfil ties andoperational opportun$Fs' : ansve$ to the following: Specifioally'the studyprovided objective work? Wilt the prototypecluster MRF t b. How will it work? What is needed?

: 8)4 How muchiovestnent is required? S'ha1will ihe retumsbe?

lae conductofthe studywas done in a highly participatorymanner ard ageeablyto the geneml,erms afid :ondilionsofthe PPPUE-SWMP.oject Document, as well as the applicable provisions ofthe Ecological lid WasteManagement Act of2000. ihe conductofthe feasibilitystudy was the responsibilityofa St dy Teamcomposed ofthe follor,ving:

A. Allan Ponce Teamleader and principal writer a" LourdesG. Reballida,DPA Consultant- socialresponsibility and prepaEtion RobertoB. Guevara Consultanl- technicalassessment, design and economic soundness,and busin€ss planning

TheNational Solid WastreManagement Commission INSWMC] throughiti projectManagernent Office aliPMOl extendedappropriate edministrative, research and alata-garhering support to the StudyTean. 'TE. Jhe StudyTeam was under lhe directadministrative and operational supervision and control ofMr, Albert l;# ffi ft*ill"*1;ij"H;$ft:fiFff ill"1li";'ft:Jifi ,'!"iif"'-di*'Ti;: t BAsIc DESICNcoNsDER-ATIoNs The designofthe proposedMR.F shail adbere to thefollowing principtes:a

ResourceCommltmenti. All institutionaland individual paft0ers ofth€ proposed MRF must commit I resouroeslfinancial, human, capital] to thejoint undertaking,

co-mlnagen€ntI Co-govehaDce.The ibterests of all majorstakeholders shall be feflecledin the || finaldesign olthe project.Special consideration shalt be directed at m€€tingthe needs ofthe poor. Theactive participation ofthe stakeholdersin all ofthe projectprccesses shali b9 sought particularly T at strategicimplementation points to maximizethe acceptabilityand sustainability ofthe proposedun. _-....-.- A&pten ffofl A/bhc-PttvotePa,lne.shlp! Ior the Atban Envtnmient: O/rorr ard rss,respppuE Working Irper Se;ies,Vol. L E|;zrbc$ Bernefl,Peter ifilllnann, & Bnd Centry.r,NDpr'New yortq 1999 tE F fo, -d proror}pevRF lframe*"rL "*""tthie] onrhebasic rea$res o{ihe t denaring.Transparency I F t| #ltm"*g*i*#tre*'#ff*',Fs*g*d*;'* l

; +r r*lwgg*tro**$**l*ffi F

; ll *g*g*nt******':m,*tn*'w';*,** t l,**n'*li*'",,,l,,:t';,rri{rf#*I.JJi:f'":#:'#i'{.li"F::*lrri:;; I #-;*:p#i:tr#tri#:{r:"r:l[i:*H$h''il}'dr'ffHffi

I 8)6 Frorisionsarld the useof eco-efficientt€cbnologies shall be a comerston€prcc€pt ofthe proposedpro- d-

LEGAT,FRArewoRK proposedprojed Jhe is consisrenrwirh tie dirediveofRepublicAct 9003, specilically section 32 ofthe whichstates that: !rc4 "Thercshall be eshbtished a MaterialsRecovery Facifiiy io bulangayo. barangays... u. of lthqt] shallrcceive mixed wa:te for final sorting,s"g""guioq "n"i ;a .oy_"ro.- nris dircctive prirnarily liing." is directedat bamngaylocal govemrieot ilii. "o;portingl -Republic Act 7160,or the Local covemmentCode, deyolved the resFlonsibilityfo. the solid wasledis- I:##iT$.1#*jlr#$m"#:n$,ff:,x?'s#i*'lf;il*ri"r*"m*'fi:'; *'ilfflrT'5ff1$iH,"l1ffi MRFareshap€d ft*v'*" i:;:i":::.*:-r.'*'av andderim- Comrnorwealth I Act 383, which punishesth€ dumpinginto riv€rsofrefuse, wastewa@r ot suDstances farlineinof nver E :H,T:|n}fl'il:Lt#ffi:ii'Ti'"?fior t"as'the biockin! ofthe oourse ofa

82s,whlch p€nalizes the imploper disposal ofgarbase and !| !;nr.l*1l,n::::e llinerins] otherforms philippine or lhe Envircnmentcode, which provides for qualitymurage- m€nllT:]1"jjf13-*"T:-Ltl2,s@noatos t lot ar alrdwater, land trse manigement, natural rcsources management and oonserva_ tion, andenforcement and guidelines for wastemanagemenr.

68,or rheCorporatior Code of thephitippines, which provides for the regis_ T ratron3g-P.1]lT:-ll9,e ard regutatoryp&ameters of all privalecorporations in $e country. RepublicAct 3931,or the PollutiodControt Law, which prohibitsand penalizes the throwng, run" ning.draining or disposition T intoany ofthe waterand/or agnospheric air;f6e county!any ma[er or suDsuncern gaseous f, or liquidtbfm lhat shall cause poliulion ofsuch waters or annospheriiair. 8)7 F I ,*ffiffi T H$I'l$,:{{.xl'it'l;l#'H'"'rlli"lFl$:}:#*}Ti$'lJlfI : '*#;Jf#$n**ro*m*ruou*:::::: tl 3H#:";;

; ;l ;l mffirum*tm'nm'pry ;l *#*f.g*A'***u****'n**+**'u**''"---lx :|

; ll -a T ry*g'f*mmin"Ji'ii'i'"'i'i'u,"*' "'"""o* 8)E F

I KapasiyEbanBilang 752. TaoD1S97. Laeuna.pro-vincial ordinance fromboth &ar caljs for the properhandLjng I fr: ffi,i:L:i.ffi,l"wasres rubricaDd privare hospirats. crid"i. ,"ai*]io"*"a.. propoled Local fnvironment Code of Calarlba_C-ity. wbich.inlends to integrale, harmorize, 10the proricction. and id_ r| :##A:l "iiJ"':;?Tf,'"o*'"eurution'"tut'd *"r?*lir"". ',iil"*, -o careand maintenarc€ I ff:ifrt";s;fl;il,"J1:" of drainasecanars aswel asthe disposirion and PalinsorlLingss" r| ;a fr"#i"J,H*ffidBaransavs andsampiruhan onhousehotd wasre segre- PRoJECTpRopoNElrTs 'he designand implemenEtioDofthe DroDosedclusrer-barangay MR-Fin Barangayspalingon, Lingga tr *'e tocd'lwq' pu6tt ard orking participatory Puvrr! aro PnYaEprivareffiage'!cies and organiz Tfi#f, in s ;'J:,#ll*i'*"i":::?':"::l^Tj-*o *or"nruui auriner to ensurethe success"na ofthis pioneering"i"i'i'1?org"ni,ationsendeavor, MANAoEMENToIFIcE

eadingthe implemenhtionb the Depafimefltrof *"!"*f Resouroesthrough rtreExecudve l]I1lm.I:andom*, rhe :ll[ ;T*ffDirc*or:',ii5gi"y,?:ortr," om"" orrr,"i-.-"*i",-iui_ift'ffij'i.],t t-Ti::X*S.s*, rl,.,:?Tffi:ff ",J".ir,.i"i,Jiip.fiii"" nee4sand serves as the facilirativeand coordinarlve H%;"trt*Hj"r fn hub ofthe projec ixi"t#trJff#:t1::j"*:::fl::l*: ::th,theirq:3frEtti,-'lffidiversenr andeven anrasonistic institu. H#g'ffiritH:,i;;i'rT#i$"ri*jitf utely andadequate meftation mannet,o ttt" trt*#,fr*t. - ;;'il:;ffactiviti$ are *rti"iij fr.tln3"q .pr"*"a liplJ ly: ;#tffi:;Ti1?J: ff;?tJ:[: frS1#".,#i.nH:,SffJT#,lf

B)9

i, IIIPLEMENTATION PARTNERS l***a:w"***i+*$i:#T*#T#l::H*i;'ru*tr'*i:"r"'# and sampiruhan BamngaysPalingon' Lingg& . The Bafangay Governfients ol roaquiDchipeco, rr.,2'd corsressional Disrict' Fovin.e : H:3'g::1"##,:i.,:$fl:?esenrative nonProfitorgani tioncom- ii Cirychaprer of a nationalnonstock, . illi5"rf,*,"_""r.Oa ltheCatarflba ""i$i' andentrepreneursl "Tu"tt*tp"rsons iliri ?ROJECITASK FORCE i,i llillrw*t'ffitr;1g1p*nt;trl+x:*l*:"m:*e+rol j]ifi ili;l f;ff :"ffl;li::ff"H:iitil',]}lffi#f'f;*ffiTllflff'$ffril5l iliLi "Tl"fi jpjji+trt$*{;1t'6-*i#i,*,m'""q.;*$Tr,t**m iilll liffii1fE'"f-.q;; lli lli

8) 10 r| i durinEthe courseof pro- the rcle andinstitutiooal tansfotmation of th€ PTF f6. oap6ica pres"ntauonof is sho\'n Delo\'' L iecrioptemenation T

Aalrmbv lnoolooratro$ Gensrrl PtolectTask Forcs I Eotdot t Dlrlclot! > solrcssof or > highsstdeci9on' {orIn' bodyon condult > making veshngntinpub lggalot{l6rofho t thegound levol MRF > 'chemplon'& r hisl€3tpol'cy. 'd6tsnder meklngbooy or : $s tt,RF > Fovide6dssign andanalttc6l

r| t t :l f

DH]I|$1ONSOT TERMS I solid wast€ takof,tom tbe Ecological deftnitiossof key tems .^- -,,tr.* of rhis study,the fonolving o" too06have been aooptcu iit""!J.* "r expressed$ei de- -,-.^'.. h"",noavsthal foBnally project'intbis ctustzl-Borosa! ffi"u#;;; ;;"n ilj;'#i:il::i?:::":11 r&""r' case'a Materialslt€covery or ftom a communal wa{e fiom lhe source of temovirg solid Collection The scl storag€Po$r' conposn,,s ;il1'$:"?"ffi3''croorgani$ns' trJ;tTi$"ifJffiil;Pl" it rastus€s amate'ial a'd makes csa,4,o, A ryril:#l,s:;J#:$i;'ho

MatefiokRe'o'ery

ffi*[*;lgil*l***{i:Ttr*}:'*H*faoilities' and

RecowrcdMouriols RecYctobteMole ak l.[ln$*ffi*g;*il'sfiffi-*,ffi ';i+ff-*ff i#'s''liedLuisFDia"'G€ors( t****'Jy{#te'::#"&i"w#f{::E'f

81) 12 I materiarssubstitutio!' 6ar6iars '* I RedltclionAt Source *fsi #ffi"tJl"1H"fnT' compoo€Tts al lhe qaste into someor all of its sorting of solid SobrceWorsdon Th€ I Pointof geneBtloD' wasteafte' generatiotr aodpiorto Sbrage I ffJf;f*rt#ffil"$solid producitrgsolid woste The&ct or proc€ssof T V6te Generolon

l Ft

F I Il|rr

f E) 14 I r| Chapter2 r| PRoJEcrLocATtoN t &)&)c€ t I lf ;;;i';"*;:lJ'ifiru:'JilH*#.'!HJ#;*1liI: barangaysare located in CalambaCiry. a componeDrcify of rhe "J'#ii,|,18"#; lT,"#":i:'1ff ,",.T;,;:.-i'i,ff :ff t f i?Ironalnero, ur. JoseKEal. fr kn:*r;;xlf i:i,$:',".Tf;l;,?:ffii**I"J,,*:,:: - catio,ns'te for Chinesesettlers in oomplianceto a decreeissued by l"":'fl' :.'.ff::lT".l[:" Jlxi',?# ?x'ifi#. ll'"i]ij: caiambabecame a separarepueblo, By !860.an economy based flr €riculturcand the lake-fishing industry was thiving in themunicipality. I I fr r.ugnrne yearsl Lalamba grew to becohea prosperousmuniciparity and a favolit"destination of locdl andforeign rourisrs who never grew tired of viaitinithe centuries;ld ;estor"a nouse oitt oouooys na_ " aru;'m*.'m:'-*::i',*d;i:Tfidd:*fl*y;*T'J"H*1frinvigoratinglyhot by thenearby dormant volcaro, Mount ln'I{aliling. :n:tr.il'"ill

&) 1s bv virtue is morethan jusi a touristdestination Acquiring its cityhoo-don2l-April2001 Today,Calamba grow(hthat par- a"isgZ+, * is now a flourishingcity thatexemplifies the dmmatic.economic "in?ri"li" s*tr'".n-r"eulos Resionsr'perbl) situated adjace to thesouth Lu- ilil;";;;';;;;;u."'-.iJ water' ;il;".'"6 il i"c*a d€Ba'i, the coint! s large"tinland -bod) of 9:'T9--q':-:i country's total economtczones p.i.JEi g"t"*ly t,otlt" itslling Calabarzonarea where aimost halfofthe are found. householdsor 280,529individuals' The 2000census estimates the comPolen!clfy's populationat 58,466 tansientpopulation' Calamba is still a fast f,'ir *o"i"ti"" *ith a meanage ofzi yean Minus its """r"* i' r''ieh".']'an .r'al orthe narionar ngure ;;;i;:i;1ffi;i;h'*ii "is.i" oneout of everyI 5.employable indi- CalarnbaCity hasthe highestemployment rare in the province Oily thcmanufacturing industries fol- vidualsis unemplovedThe primary source ofemployment comes from lowedby livelihoodsnd fishing indusfies cropfanning ond gardening; live_ Thosewho rely on agriculturalsources of incomeare mainly engaged il sourcesof income'on the other .,""f*t-o"inv .i"itg; an,tor fishingand hunting Non-agricultural retail' manufacturin&and entiepre- ;ani, ;;tfi;;il1;ii*"g"s *o iatatiet uswell as wholesale' neurialactivities, and the like.' Reflectjveof theeconomic Calafibais a majortrade and commerclal center in lhe provinceof Lagrna polertyincidence as conpared 10 the na_ iilr-"t p"""i""", Lagunaboasts of a comparativelylow tional figure.""f,ft"

Nalronalshdsfco/ cootditaiitg Eotd' ffi nscDgovpr

Ofiice'2tltl s Thesocio-Econon lc PtoJ eoftte CttJofcatamba" ciq PlanningandDevelopment

8) t6 A-i $hile drerenlay be fewerpoor familiesin Laguna,ihe poor in the provincemust struggle harder than lr. o',iersto lift $emsel!es up the poveriythreshold level, wlich is much higherthar the nationalfigure.

Year Laguna l{ationsl 1977 11,670 9,843 2000 11,605

liere rsindeeda pricefor all the frenziedactivities. The city,sthriljng commerceand industry are draw- 19 into its confinedquarters an increasinglylarge number of peoplein searchof the proverbialpot of old.

e influxofpeople is takingits toll uponthe already strained resources and capaciti€s ofthe city,There indicationsthat urban environmental problems, such as insuflcient water supply and sanitation facili- iies.inadequate wasle rnanagement, and unsustainable energy systems, are beginning to beacutely felt as ciw'savailable servic€s and resources are being overwhelmed by anexpandjng population.

Theagricuhural features of CalambaCify arc alsobeing fast transformed into an iddustrialoDe. proof sitiveis thepresence ofsix industrialestates in thecity. Already, the industrial estales' cornbined land - nearlyequal that of thecity,s torat tand area thar is commerciallyptanted wilh HJi,!'j: [::"'

SilanganCanlubang Industrial Estate. located in BarangayCanlubangJ currently houses several food dustrygiants like PepsiCola and San Miguel Cor?oration.

Carmelraylndustrial Park I, alsolocated in BarangayCanlubang, is hometo electronicand semi- ductorfirms as well as automotive pads manufacturels such as ACS Manufacturing, Sarden, and Tup-

LightIndustry and Science Park II, locatedin BarangaysReal snd La Mesa, plays host !o 24 etecnon- i_! *mi-.onductorfinns a.s well as mach ineD' and equ iprn ent compan ies th a1 jo intlyemploy about I 0,000 indiriduals.

&) 17 ggmelEy Indusaialpark phase The II is ajoint_venrureunderraking ofrhe yulo Familyand JTC Intema_ tionai Pte.Ltd. of Singapore. Locatedin rh;park a.e:O A"". tf,"t at"ut iil;;*"". "ipf"y The Calanba PremierelDte.national parlc locatedalong the boundaxiesofBaransays-' Batuo, Br.andal, andPrinza- is hostlo 24marufacruring firms and th.l. 3-J;t;;;;;;;. TheFelines park, j32-ha. Technology with its sit€,is currentlybeing developed and promo.eo. Thereare signsthat a brcadsector of the citizenryias not lastedthe fnrits of a boomingeconomy. The rncomegap in l*guna still standsat a doubre-digiifigo.e of r9.5%.This ,t"*.a .itr"ioi i. u".t.".n B€rangaysPalingon, Lingga, in and Sampiruhanwhich;o ectir€ly iltustrats" ,i""o"i"iioitfr" Uornro*o

The threebarangays, sitmted alone the shoresofthe historic lake,arc only two kilomete.saway tiom tbe Poblacionor theciw center.Yet;sDerirv has se€mingi)passed rhem by. Decliringfisficatches to de inabiliryof rhefisherlolk ro compite ldue againsr.rhebiggei corporare fishi"g *^f;;.ri.L. of oppofiunitiesto pursuealtemative folmsofliveunooo, and a populaltonclepleted of its productive"tr.n".mem_ nixi;:?n?J,H:x,ltr:,:::-#:*T*.:;j:"#::'". i',"1"""'p;.a'i" '"r-;ng 'i"on"" oono'i

bararsaysis}lome to 3,263 househords or 15,607 f:,"1y:,rard ?9991g:.q.f individuals_with a combined areaot onty I 4I .3hechres. an individual isass$ed mathematioally of at least is,if theindividual a 9O.sq.m,spacq that wouldnot mind sharins this space with the road netirort * J"ii"" outrai,gr, houses,and other physical structutes, "uiiou,

BarangayParingon came into fornal existenceon 22June 1963 by virtueofRepubric Act 3590.prior to this, it waspart of neighboring BarangayLingga. Triangular in shape,palingon is boundeclby Barangay Linggaon its southcdyside, Barangaysarnpiruhan on its,rortherryside, and the lakeon its westerrv

&) l8 I :: i9:0s-j0s, the placeis renownedas hostofthe tradjtionalpassion play, the Cenaculo,as per- I -:j 5l ihe .esidentsduring Len!. it hasbeen sometime since th€ Cenaculo was performed, but eflorts l::rg madeto nountthetraditional play on a moreregutar basis. rf

sBrisricsfor 2002show thal 1,223households are found in thebamgay, distributed by purok as r..-.ilGiga]

';; Purok4- 408 l;::*l Purok5- I8Z q*,Purok3 284 Purok6 69 slightlyouhumber the nlales. Their main source of incomeis emplo)men!small-scale fishing, ls Iiiil-*f"lTj-Lfj ;"i,:ffiilltr ::"Y"::.'ffi:'##:iil:?J:i::ffi :: lcery, foursari-sad stores, and s srnallgasoline station. I e*crile of a sluggisheconomic acriviry is thebarangay govemment,s dependence on its shareof the dJnalRevenue Ailocationto fundits day-1o-day operations, - r| t I &)re BARANGAYLTNGGA

BarangayLingga is one of the oldest villagesof the city. Existingsince the Spanishcolonial days,the barangayhas be€nthe oeBterof fishing, tradin& srd water tlanspo( activitiesas ;t is wheretle city's wharfis found.

It hassome interesting stori€s regarding the nationalhero. It is wh€reJose Rizal first experiencedthe bru_ tality of the coloniz€.swhen during his youngq dsyshe wasgun-whipped by a guardiacivil for hjling to give a propersalute. A muchlater story meDtionedthat at the wharf\4;hileon his way to Manila,Riz.l sc- cidentallylost oneofhis slippersalld sawit dropto the waters.He ifiunediatelytook the remainingslipper andthrew it to the lakesaying that as it is uselessto him without the otherit mightbe bestfor it to join the onein thelake so that it wouldbe ofuse to s fish€rmanwho will find$e Dai.later.

Thebarangay has a total landarea ofabout 45,1hectares. It is boundedin thenorth by Barangaypalingon, in the southby BarangayLecheria, in the eastby BsrangaySan Jose, aod in the west by the lake.lt is abouttwo kilometersaway lrom the Poblacionand the old nstionalhighwsy,

Bar"angaystatistics for 2002show that t ,06I householdsare found in the bamngay,distributed by purokas follows: Purokl- i50 Purok4- 66 Purok2- 83 ruroK 5- 4t7 Purok3- 85 Purok6- 260

Femalesslightly outnumberthc ltu.les.Fishing remaifls the chief sourceol incomefor mostof the resi. dents.As the baEngayboasts ofan irrigdtioonetwork covering a seflic€ areaof64 kilometers,faming is

&) 20 'I I acri\iD. follosed bv duck|aising' retaiiing, and odrer smail-scale' home-based liveli- - _:,';.:"* ll- , Ll

I .q:. tle bar"ngayis hosl to two manufacturingfirms, two bakeshops,a balut-makingenlerprise, a t-t-r' | :.zi shop.eight $d-sari stores.a constructionand concreteprodnct oullel two reslaurants,a reai u"oa beaury "*"n"t' Parlor' l"'= - ,. ::ie a relatL\ely livelier rade and commefcialscene, tlle bara.ngaygovemmenl is siill beholdento its -areo -einiemaReve-"eA oc,''|on t t BARANGAYSAMPIRUHAN

Jo:ies haveit thatthe origir of BarangaySampiruhan is tracedback to the 1900swhen five familiesfrom !----!: nearbynrunicipaliry ofSan Pedrorelocated to the Iakeshoreplace ofwhat wasthen the villageofLooc --r:r_Calamba. Thesefive familieswere said to havestarted the fish cageindustry in the lake.With the news IJ rhesuccess of the five familiesspreading arcund the province.other groups and l'arrilie! :oon joined

Fl Junc l96S. the place\\,as recognized as a dislircl barangay.The nameof the bamngay,SL Lpiruhan,is a atagalog derivativeof SanPedro, in menory of the piaceof origiDof the foundingfive families. FI- \ rfi i$ 8l-heclarelokl landarea, Sampiruhan is the biSge( anrong lhe three pi )t bartrrrgaysin terms r'f llnd size.It is boundedin thenonh by BarangayLooc, in thesoulh by Barangalrlaflaiilrc. in theeast by plrangay Palingon,and in thewest by thelake, lt is abouttwo kilometersaway fiom ihe cilJ cenlerand I- iheold nalional hishwav. t &) 2r Females€ain slightlyoutoumtr€r the malesin the barangay.Ofnciai banDgaystatistios as of2002 show t}!at I 247 bouseholdsare found in the barangay,distributed by purokas follows:

Purok l - 159 Purok5- I l5 Puok 2- 109 Purok6- 302 Auok 3- 184 ?50 Purok4- 12E

Fishingand farmingare the mostcornmon soutces oflivelihqod in the barangay.Some fishermen main_ tain fish pensand fish cages.Catfish and tilapia arcthe fiost commonvariety ;f culturedfishes.

A numberof commercjalestablishment! are found in the ba.rangay:a floor-wax factory, a food.seasoning factory,a.figurine-making conc€m, a balut-prccessitgenteeris€, some dressmakiog and weavbg centenl autor€pair shops, junkshops, sari-sad stores, bakeries, small carindedas,video rentalshops, and billiard halls.

Therc arethree clementarysohools within the barangay,nvo oi which sre privat€lyrun. Thereare two daycarefacilities, one govemmentoperated, and the othernrn by an NGO._There is alsoa govemment healthcefiter. No otherhealth facilities exist in the barangay.

As with the odrcrtwo piiot balangays,rhe barangay govemment of Sa$piruhanis similarlybeholden !o it annualshare ofti€ IntemalRevenue Allocation,

OFTHE THREE BARANGAYS

Taking a snapshotofthe socioeconomicoonditions and ecologicalorientations obtaining in fte project sit€,a suvey wasconducted involving a representativegroup ol lS0 householdsdrawn eiua y dm"the threepilot barangays.The rcspondentswere selscled randomly to rcpresente{ually the low., middle-and high-inc-ornegoups peculiar_inrhe barangays. Ofthe total respondents,only l2l retu$ed their duly ac_ c-omplisbedself-administered questionnaires, The respondentswere: spouses [40%]; househotd heads [337.]and household rnernben [26%]. The results are as follows: *.pondentssaid thev have iobs, 5% admi$ed ihev hav€ ro jobs'while the resl 57%qdid -_l::,*.

,... -" ."spondentsanswered that they had lot sizesof lessthan 50 sq m; l5% at 50-99sq m; t.- " .. ::,:-1.19",,q.rn; und 6%, I50-199 sqm. Somei3% ofthe resPondenlshave lot areasof200 sq'm and

t #:e:ouse areaitself, a combined2?% ofthe respondentshave lot sizesof 50-99sq m'

respondentshave houses made of wood and cem€nt;l7oz, concreteand cenent; and l2%'

': * AGE

i:::ire respondentssaid that they eam from PhPloo to PhP3OOpesos daily Ona monthlybasis, l0olo and6%' ftom Li-ita

.

? -.i90ofhouseholds already segregate plastics 122%1, paper [15%], glass [16%], metal l9olol, and :-:e".,4.the respondentsusuaily disposaplastic wastes by selling{30%1,.!hough a few eithef throw' , .1,gJ. rn.pt"tti. proaucts roirash collecors, About I I %ofthe respond** erylg:i"-1-1: alsosold ::l9to junk dealersFor ; i i."f d"t O.y uf,o bum andth row these away Glass products 8re !-j- i7% sell"" the collectedscrap metai and tin cans

*ce::i disposalmethods were used for foodscmps lthrowing,composting, selling, buming], but most wastesare -e::sDondents,3l%, feedthese to animals.Yard wastesare burned [?%], while bathroom r:- ?uried,or burned[1%]

I

I E) 2l TH! SWM SITUA'IION]N CAIAMBACITY,

LDunrill0March200S'theGenemlservicesofficeunderthedirectsupervisionoftheomceof|hecity iiulo. *". tt," ,"sponsiblefor thecollection and disposal ofsolid waste as well as for cleaningthe mainsteets ard'paris "g"n.y ofthe city.The n€wly created City ENRO,orlhe Cily Environmentand Natuml h.ndlesthese ResourcesCfficc. also under tile directsupervision ofthe office of thecity Mayor,fiow funclions.

Logistically.the Ciry ENRO has four compactortruck with anaverage capaciry ofeight fons' and three cce_ldump trucks with capacitiesranging from fouf to five tons A totalof 128solid waste manageiaent j:WV1 p.rtonnetop.ta'c oir a two_sl;i tasis shouldthe need anse, e g ' occurrenceoftyPhoons' dunng bhriatn,o,.".ron ot tot"nflestas, the gc,vemmenlsecrires the services of a privatecontractor to augmenl ils solidvasle (ollection anC dispocal etfods.

Category l{umber AdmlnistraliveStaff 10 Collcction& Transport 2E tulonitodng 10 SlreetSweeping 80 TOTAL 128

Priorto 2002,the collectedsolid wasle are tmnsported to anddLr pedin theciry's op^en-pit dumpsite lo- cateain a prlvatety-ownedlorat Berangay Kay-Anlog. approxirnaleb nine kjlomelers frorn the Poblacion

ht thc t Data lbr this seciiontrcrc oflaifcd rion the Solid h/uste\la o{enent Profk Sl:ns} Fa"n submitlcd '1 ls tte XAYA' ciq,inro ro rt',, r,'r' i,.rnfn(: rt2 i\ anl'lcmentBurelu in Nlr\ ?ci):].and Pdner Towa Et'olving Resourcesptotcclott and f\AP lxalnzatan dnPI'ilt! vl'|r&t at Kapatillnnl: An Efittc'"nantal atkj Naturcl /.nDs p-enatedb\ theCPDo i r' ; 20 ) vanigemeit Prog,a'nfor. ":

&) 21 :*. -:.r s:nlnenrpaid the lo! owner a monfhlyiease of PhP200.000fo. this pd!ilegc. A cil),-o\\,ned n- ;c-: 5:igned at the dumpsitewould gradeand levelthe Ueldafier dumping.

l:'-:. -i3 useoflhe Kay-Anlogdunpsite was lerrninated an,l anolhcr open'pil Cunpsile was opened in tr-==: S",r Cristobal.Sometine in 2003.however. the SanCristobal durnpsite was ordered closed by : l-R due to overfillingand contaminaiionofthe nearb] SanCrislobal River, a major tribular_j,of -_-.: i? Ba'i.

: --=::.- rl'r collecledsolid q asre.aie di,posed of :n a p"i\areb'o$ ned conrol'ed dump)ile locdlcd in I-: .::ghbonngmunicipali!y of Cabuyao. IT - :::r:dance wilh a ciry ordinance,rhe residentsare insiructedto bring their segregaledsolid wasteto i:!:aated collectionpoints orjust outsidetheir residencesonly durjng the scheduledpick-up date and :e. usuallyduring the evening until the early moming hours. -:3 CiR' ENRO, however,is only able collectthe solid wastegenerated by 32 out ofthe city's 54 total Ift;';5"9,'Xttt,'."JJ.ffilffi,::|i"*T ;'tr'j'l:i fr"iJltr.:flililJilTfim"::ffi ::iiii .-,!s wherea numberofrnarkets, hospitals, institulions and other €stablishments are found. The serviced r-rdngays areali localedwithin or adjacentto thePoblacion area. E -i!en this scenario,cight barangay govemmenls opted to acquiretheir own ga.rbage trucks and SWM -.GlLripm€nt. Thesebarangays are: Pansol, Bucal, Parian, Lawa. Paciano Rizal, Mayap4 Canlubang, and Atong thetselves,these barangays own a totaloi l2 IsuzuEIf garbagettucks Il*l -' \o fonnalstudies have been conducted regarding the waste character or wasiegeneration rate in theciw. lonerheless, lheCiry ENRO has estimated that whhin the serviced barangays, t toal of 142toDs of solid Flasre is beinggenerated daily. This translates to a dailyper capita waste generation of 0.6kg. within the sefticedarea. It hasbeen noted also that the collected solid waste is madeup mainlyofkitchen and mar- r-twastes, FT- Iir practice,the City ENRO and fte abovemenlionedbarangay govemments cover 40 barangays,or nearly l

84) 25 govemtnenl ic onlyabh to col' EN RO bgether wr$ $e tflck-owniDgbamnga) runits- Ho$ever.tbe City "g*tt"t&'in ttt" ttrv icedarea Effecti velv sere- dail] o' lt" ao t rtrerour, siiia i""ti" l€ctI I I rreric tons js cotteclionrale in CalarnbaCiO 555"o il-.". t'e sol;a"aste Ay.lrlp D.llvSolld w.d. cdl€clion,C!l'mb' cltv t gIIECTSOI POORSOLD WASTE MANAGEIViENT of sn in€ffi^oientsolid waste studyhas yet beenconducted regatding the effeots I While no oomprehensive city' a numberofselected so_ unoumt' if-tit'i"t;alno oicur'-uu manasemenrsysrem upon th" ti""t solidvaste situa- negatrve"ooi".q..n".i itnp."p"rly managed cioec;logicaldata is indicativeof the "f* I uon. wasthe individlal'solfactory and visual^senses As Uncollectedor poorly-#avmansged solid \ra{e assailsan alongsseer *t"n it nt.r utsiiedrhe ciq. heapjngpiles of rotdnS_"garbage il?i.liii i"in suchpiles not only con' ; "i'rf; 'igt'', nty i'Jatto uttu*tr"itingixpttience camenare not only an unpt""t't " insectsthus adve$ely affect- o andso't'"'oorct'' 'n"yli'" roatn" uid minate theair, ater "*"tt "itor ingpublic health and environmenul quality t oneofthe 10 leadingcaus"',:li:1lt:,T Staristicsfrom the Cty HealthOmce reveal-that ""1"-0"infecrion' "ttt Jor-biairy'on rttt oo"il-a 'e acuErespimlory is dianhea.Among the to leaaingcauses or if not oontami- lJ li!"uut"a tutn t"t off by filthy skin disease,and gastto-"nte.iti" rn"te oi'u""is "na I natedsuroundings. I to 26 : -':.: Cii] \iuiiipartite MonitoringTeam, which regularlyconducts on-site inspection ofrhe l5-.-., s slneiis. 'rdicale lhal the city's natural$,alerways as well as aquifgrsare now being :e: :j .;:r.:einafion and pollution due to the "indiscriminaledumping of untreatedor inade- ::i= irdusrrialuastes" such a5 "volatile organic compounds, solvenrs, heary metals,ancl other

i-:: je Ba i. a cdticainatuml resource not oniy ofthe city but the countryas well, ,.hasbeen un- ll r_! :r,=;eruled euth.ophicationdue to increasingnutrjent waste-loads from households,expanded _--r ti, :]1i livestockproduction activities, intensive fishpen operations, and soil erosion.,'The sus, :-.::lhelaletoremainasastrategicresourcefortheeconomicandsociaidevelopmen!ofrnere- by the problemassociated with pollution."rl

: r i995. the LagunaLake DeveloprnentAuthodty and the EcosystemRescarch ard Development r- :orducredan in-depthstudy ofthe SanCristobal River System, s majorriver system ofthe city r. :.o! inceof Lagunathat drains into the lake.The San Cr;stobal River cuts across seveml ofthe !- ._ir's rnajorindustrial parks and estates.It contributesabout five percentfreshwater discharge to the II .i ::..:i)concludes that "aside from industrial pollution, the unhampered daily dumping into the rjver of

- ; r$'i"n:!i1*iHi';ili.i::i::i,i;"i,::;5il::::; l;'.',"J::iffi:'*:tr':i::t"ffi' -!i. rhe Il barangayslnin€ in Ca]ambaand four in Cabuyaoldiscard thousands oftons ofga$age into -::\ ef annualiy!which endsup in the lakebed." Moreover,,.a number of livestockand poultry forms are llly rhrowingtheir wastesinto the river."rt

:.: ! R€sPoh*Ds _-ie creationofthe CityENRO, a syslematicand coordinated approach to solidwaste management is :::a andcipated.The followingare among the manysolid waste management measures that are being -o ttnn"o 'or imPlementation Jtt 1 P.imet Towar.ts Eroblns the K4YAK4P |Kalngata,t ang Likos-yama a! Kapatiginnl: An Ent'honheital l-\rr.,ot ResourcesProroctin oM Manogenent Prosrun fot catnnh.CpDo. aahmba: Aprit2002

8{) 27 The fiNt-€verLocal EnvironmentCode of CalambaCify is beingfinalized to tske into considorationthe naldates of RepublicAct 9003. The prcposedCode shall integrate,harmonize, and .ationalizeall city odirances andr€gulations related to the protection,conservation, utilization, and management ofthe city envfonment,

Thereis now grealerappreciation to regardtbe problemofsolid wastefrom an ecologicalpoint ofview ratherthar a mechanicalactivity of simply collectingard disposing.As such,the City ENROis embark- ing on a seriesof preparatoryactiviti€s towards the reductionof the volumeofsolid wastegoing to the landfill. The City Solid WasteManagement Board has been created.

Recognizingthat the city is compos€dof sevemldisqete ecosystems,i.e., lakeshorquplanct, industrial. and Poblacionecosystems, the City ENRO will soonembark on a seriesof barangayconsultations and advocacycampaigns to activatethe BarangaySolid WasteManagement Committees to be at th€ forefront of ecologicalwork as well as to elicit inputs towardsthe fomulation of a fiore responsiveCity Solid WasteManagem€nt Plan. The city govemmentis also finalizing the debils for the acquisitionof a lot wherea controlleddumpsite preparatory to a sanitarylandfill would be put up.

WASTECHARACTERIZATIoN STUDY ITESTJTTS

A critical input in the overalldesign ofthe proposedcluster-barangay MRF systemis the resultofa waste oha.acterizationstudy in the threebanngays. The study, conducted mainly by the ProjectTask Force, took proportionalsamples from rcpresentatjvelow., middle-,and high-incom€ groups ir the threebarangays.

The study.evealed thet th€ middle-incomeg.oup gener'ates the mostsolid wasteon a daily basisat 85.6 kg.,comparcd to 57.5kg. daily waste gen€rarion olthe high-incomegroup, .nd 62.9kg. genefttion ofthe low"incomegroup, The same ranking set-up, i.e., middle-income group followed by thehigh-income .nd low-inoomegroups, vas observedalso for totalvolumeof wsstegenerated and bulk density.

8) 2E I

:: -r;= .€.biespresent the detaiisofthe wastecharacte.ization study. + t ,r!t G.n.radonIn Srmd€ Ba6ngly6 by Incotno Grolp ilet Woight Volume BullDenslty Barangay InconeGroup I ka.I lcr.m.l t ksJcu,m,I + -rgga 32.7 0.187 21925 i =aiin9on 6.3 0.046 195.37 Sarnpiruhan 24.9 0.187 177.U t fotal-Low 6&0 0.120 592.15

I Lrngga 417 0.187 267.31 Palingon [4iddle 10.2 0 115 164.97 I Sampiruhan 33.7 0,187 224.59 I Total'Middle 85.6 0.1E9 656.94 rr Lrngga 10.7 0 187 101.60 Palingon High 144 0.090 I Sampiruhan 42.3 0.187 270,58 67.1 0.161 629,58 I Total.High ll I HousoholdWaiL Gon rllion pgrEamph Err.ngiy NelWelqht Volume gulkD€n$ly I ko.I Irum.l I tqJfl,lt|. I Prllngon 6.3 0.046 195.37 Samplei50households [4iddle 10.2 0.115 164.97 Ave.per Household: 0.6 kg. High 14.4 0.090 257.39 folFl.PdiDgon 309 0.251 617.73

Llnggr 32.7 0.18i 219.25 0.f87 Sample:51households llliddle 41.7 Ave.perhouseholdi 1,7kg. High 10.7 0,187 101,60 folsl.Llngga 85.1 o56t 58t.n

Srmphuhan 24,9 0,187 177,54

Sampler52households Mlddle 33,7 0.187 224.59 Ave.per householdi 1,9kg, High 42.3 0,187 274.58 Iot6lSeDplflrl!, l$.9 0,561 672,71 Dailyper capiE:ol:J \.asle generalionr 0.28 kg. Dailypef household solid waste generation: 1.42ke. J ] C1].P D]SCUSSION[FGD] T=nr,*;T;ilxt"ti;Tt-;{f:*Tr*,Si#,1"*'tffi;i:":"*i*rlx'';l;

!::";:::::::.:::",-ndenrsincrudinsrheirneishborsandftendsinthebaransav * '"""fr;1il*m m-3;; ;:ffi';1li;ifi:1 ;**::|;l"r'tril#;}:T"'*"ff:il:;1iY;]$ff**:::: *:':: ::":;-dffiffi ; hl*ittt#jqi+;i:+::*lij*iill'liliffi"" i:?r;::,#jtbi*r't :p'^itii ,g1'iiuti': ttit.sonething !obuv cookine oil withl' il€msas garbage Tli: Therespondents donot consider tbe recovered "*9til1:.llv,"tl^t^ :"tpl"' "f \tasiecharacterization ttudy did not include these segregaEo n""."lia-*fian"'' **" UroLrghtto tbe f areaadjac€nl lo the houseto-aloid conEminadon , Uponsegregation. the llemsare placed in a storage ';:frli"'" ;f*::f,:.ffi *l$:;iftit'rl*h:::Tl::l',:''"'l;'3Jift :ilif ';li"'f;i"iiii##:1##Jff',Xf lI ;:x"*"'i*if "'l"J[:i.l: ; lliffil"fii,lit.H Tff

I R) ll &1d coilectedby ihe householdsand then sold to the junk dealerson a weekly, quarterly,or even yearlybasis. The lisi ofpreferreditems has not considerablychanged through lhe years.

Hou!6holdltem! PrerentlyB€ing Segregrted, Collected& Soldto tft. Junk06aleB

Plasticitems lsoftdrink botlles, con- tainelsfor minercl watel, condiments,bathand toilelitems, other plastic Droductsl Glassbottles lsoftdink, gin and liq- Scrapmetal uoc,condime s, bath ldilapidaledpotsand pans, dls- old,inoperaiive hous€hold an0 cadedrcoing maleials, electdc applrances tollelitemsl wircsl SoftdrinubeveGge cans Ne$6paper,magazines Csrtons,cardboard boxes,i ackaging mated- als

The FGD also revealeda[other interestingwaste reduction practice preval€nt in the tluee barargaysin- volvingfood 6craps,kitchen wastes, and used/old clothing.

On a daily basis,rnost if not all householdsin the threebarangays collect their food scrapsand kitchen wastes.These are placed in a recept&cleusually made from a recycledmilk-powder can or a plastiocon- tainer.On the avemge,each household would amaisabout half a car-load of food scnps ard kitchen wastesdaily. The neighbo. who is intosmall'scale pig.raising business picks up, also on a dailybasis, the food scrapsand wastes, and uses these to augmentthe livestockfeed,

&) 32 I !-::t"p*n*l'#r.'d#"Hrltlt+:r$#iljilfikli#lrr::fl:1 butche:inglim' - '- " i itoor po'l a"ir'g ] qudntiry'iscol'ected' usually a sack- oldclothing When a sumcienl -'= r_-*noldsal'o collecl usedor h: -:r;"", fittr;ll,j'i#,i* *s ilil:;fti:'-'^:""J':"1#;ilx:J:'J"*:;:; iL- *","*u;lj'"",:trfi;lffi1iT?'#,#:tr$$:';1i:';:::fi:ffi;$i:#:H": 3}l:

In bo Pllotga6n$y! fr*-' ttlixof SolldWast€ ln a TyplcalHoulohold t 0.250ks.I0l t FoodsoEps & Kkhenwasles t 12.17bolt|os CJYI t I sackol usod oloihlng fl) t I t B) 33 Chapter3 TheProoosed MRF Svstem E)F)C€

he cluster-barangayMRF beiry Foposed in this studygoes beyond the conventionaldefinition ofa matedalsrecovery faoility, i,e,, a placeor a facility wheresolid wastesare delivered to be separated, processed,and stored for l&teruse as raw materialsfor remenufacturi[gand rcprocessing,

Th€Foposed cluster-bar&gay MRF shellbe morethaDjust a sfucture.It shallbdng togetheifour distinct but intor-relatedoperational components and fhe tirec key shloholder groups- local govemmentunits, the privatesector, altd the cornmunitymembers - into a produotiveschem€ that encounges these compo- n€ntsand staleholdersto functiontogether ar a singleunit and in the processrgenerate t€sults that arc gr€ter thar the sumoftheir individualeffects or capabilities.

The oluster.baEngayMRF beingproposed here is a sustainablesyote of managingconmunity solid waste.The proposedcluster-barangay MRF systemshall tansforln wastematerirls irl,o usoablesnd msr- k€tableresources while effectivelyqonhibuting to the overall p.ocassof reducingpollution, cons€rving enerSy,oleatiflgjobs and b$iness opportunities,building cordpetitive rnanufasturitg indusaies, improv. ing the healthoonditions ofthg oommunity,and d€creasing the local govem$ent,soverall disposal n€ods andexpenses.

It is designedfor resouroefeco!€ry by meansof msnualmatelials sepantion, The main businessofthe proposedMRF systgmis to rnaximizethe quantityof reoovqablesand rccyclables oollected, whil€ p.o- ducingmat€rials that will generatethe highestpossible revenues in the morket.

8) 34 Il

-:c\* clusrer-baraigayMRF systemshall bejoindy ownedand malagedby the stakeholdetsA ::=:ei discussionofthe organi?ationaland managerial scheme is foo d in a seParatechapter ofthis

I\ ORKiN' NAML OI THI PEOPOS]D VRf SYSN V

:rosesofthis study,the proposed cluster-bamngay MRF system shall be refered to as:

PalisrmCommunity MRF, lrcorporst€d

is an acronymof the first syllablesof the namesof the thfte barangays:PAlingon, l-o Palisart '?alir" Ga- anaSavpiruhan.Interestingly, the word contains theTagalog root wo.d whichmeans, to t"o*o**, I o, to rortroo,,, ,".o*"o*rro "o"* "r" "*. a",'rua communityMRF, Incorporated shall have foul majoroperational components: -f-*to -:giJctiorl/segregationatsowce fiii#-Tl-r"* t"ract witheach other on a linearbasis with the output of onecomponent serving as an ftgg5.

segegaton collgclion& marl(gting& n han$o( pocessine sales n

8.) J5 lb!.hdds, Conmdi{Btrui$merlb REDUCTION/SECRIGATIONCOMPONSNT

Effective and sustainablewast€ manage- ment beginswith the personsand se€lors that crealewaste. Througl a combination ol societalpressures, legislated sancdor|s, infonnation dissernination,ard skills en- hancementschemes, the generation of wasteand rnixturesof wasteshall be oom- Fehensivelyreduced at the sourcelevels. The seg$gatiooof wsste at souce is tle key !o the successof the pioneeringPali- samCornmuhity MRF, Inootpomted.

Among the reduction schemesto be adaptedarc the following:

Redactionthrouoh Reuse. Th€ communig membersshall be tought and enooudged to extEndthe utilit of certainproducts and itemsth$ugh .e-us€.This is possibl€,for exa.Illplgwifi items like writing pap€rs, plastic containeN,bottles, linen diapets, andthe like. Throu* public information oamparg$ and eppropriatobamngay ordinanc€s, the ootnmunitymembefii shall also be per- suadedto purchaseproducts that can be r€- u$ed.They sball be discouragedftom pur- ohasing6nd usingso-oalled "disPosable" products,such ds disposableplateg, eating utEnsils,diapers, or shoppingbags. Instead

&) 36 ''d tui lrorisions of coffee,sugar, loothpasle.shampoo. -mlll- and delergenbin dtsposablesa_ E Gixtd shal b€ encourag€dro ouy tnesertems in reusableplastic conbiners. bottles, or

3E 'rlrFid composting by burial method in garoensand easenr€nts

.rrr"i:Ed conhinerizrdcomposting, such as: - s-. !c!3- -10\r'ertires" !'a: ;":.€nethod usirg permeabiemembranes like sacks =ir:&d drumsfor aembiccomposting |.Er-or composlingfor ar€aswith openspaces

.. . ,c-n", tk.-].ctin!.lnformarioD campaigns -- shallbe condusredlo identi$,household items suit- r:u-.,i :Ealctrng.Such r€c)cjing methods are: .< == :s plentborden, fences or compostconlarners

r;, r:z:ocr aspillowcase filiers

=rEi-1 as Empoia4/ wEpping and packag€_fillingmaterials

5_1< s a_in3tive conlainersfor condlmenb

=!j :i --2nt containers

.-i:-.a.j. --r.ns effecrivescheme 1o ensure susraimbie wastereduction is wasteavoicience. ln lhis scheme, _,::_a-:aifi:: T:::1:11I*d'jftulr":'hat comprehensivery eriminate,r,i. -. .r-_.:.-s ",*,r"""i**,",," *:=:Al!I:,1p.epar;ngasetormcarrhar;"1;;:;;;:.#;.'i;:;:1i_ijil'**'Jffl;,jl-.sr- proaucing goods wirh co-npteley recyctabtepaflq and pactaging.

&) 37 Reductionthrcueh Recvclinp as Animal Feed.It is a corDm{npractice anong the househol&in the thr€e barargaysto usetheir kitchenleitoveN as animalfeed, includiflg ieed for their culturedfish p.oduction. This is a cost-€ffectivemethod ofwaste reduction that sh8llbe furtier enco$raged.

Reductiofithrouqh Recvcline as FueLErvironheni-fti9ndly methods ofusing biodegradablewaste as al- ternativefuel-sources shall be disseminat€d.Among such methodsarc: biogastechnolog/ to produee methanefoi cooking,and using dded tre€ and shrub cuttings as frewood.

Segreeation.tt Source.Afier all possiblereduction efforts have been exhausted, th€ residentsshall be en- couragedto segrcgateth€ r€mainingwaste into biodegadableand nonbiodegndablelvastes [with tlrc nonbiodeg.adablesfufiher sortedand grouped based on a pie-amouncedgroupings] prior to their pick-up by the camrnunitysolid waste collectors.

The reduotiorl/segegationscheme shall be outlinedin an appropdalejoint barangayordinance. A fooal pe6on ftom the PalisanrCommunity MRF, IncorpoEtedshali facilitat€the conductofpublic m€etings andinformation drives concerDing eff€otive rcductior/segegation lechniqu€s.

COLLECIIONAND TRANSPORT COMPONENT

The designofthis cornponentof.the PalisamCo1nmunity MR!, IncorporatEdwas detenninedlargely by the designofthe previouscom.ponent, Without a proactivere-us€/s€gregation conponent, the colleclion andtrlnsport componentwould hardlyb€ differentfrom the prevailingsolid waste coliection sohemes im- plemenGdin most citi€s and localitiesofthe countrytoday involvingthe useofbig dumptruck. Suoh colleotionsoheme is unsound,in€mcient a.ndunproductive solid wastemanagement practic€ due to the followingrcasonsi r The use of a single compartmeltdump fook collectsth€ raried typesof wasteftom a numb€rof sourceslesulting in a mixedpile of wastein the truck. Eflorts to segregateat sourceale renderedto. tallyworthless,

. The truck helpersscavenge on the 6uck while still on thc road.Any solidwaste that is ofvalu€ wiil b€ takenand sold to junk shopsalong the way, leavingthe MRF with residualsand oontaminated com" postables,

. Recyclabloitems will losemuch oftheh value because ofmishandling.

F) 38 scavengingactivities Tle compostallewaste miglt be coltaminatedwith toxic substarcesduing the not saleable ir-ilr"p.tt c*o*-i*"d biodegadablesresull in contaninatedcompost and ere "i]f" plaits' Ji c"r"-i*t"a --post mayeven be harmtulto vegetablesand edible " TlefnancialviabiiityoftheMRFcollapsesbecauseitwillinvolvemorep€opleandequipment!o seg€galeard proc€sswaste from a mixedsource.

Theoractlceexposesthecoll€ctorsaswellasthecommunitiesalongthewayto6vari€tyofhaftful andeven deadli contaminantsas well aspathog€nic agents'

of dumptrucks for house-to-houseor sbeet-level.ooilection*rcak S::1]TT]g e use l*:" ip"."since thev arelaid ?;il;;;;;;;;;Gn"aio. iu"t' t'.u'1 to"a' ln addition,6ehaulins connactors' to collect biggervolumes of -:by the volumeand numberof ttips to thetumpsite, are wongly motivtted Iaruage to justi! theit trips to tbe dumpsite' - MRF, hcorporatedshall do awaywith thesewasteful callection lechniques ln- Th. Pulirut cot-unity *l!.!#H#, -t*ittrit5ffi,',sll*;*:::tn**i' i":i,ff"1H:*'i ?"i.:li'""Jisndso on. ln"1 i" inty on voridals,tioaegradables on Trresdays,glass items on wednesdays, ""rr.""a fr;g. :?$ru;tn:*:l*f,::.J::$.i:jff ll',,''j",j:liffi 1#,':,ttrilt""Hl".';lii: ffi Lqti;4jlii"'ffrl'l**:**'m:;:fd{::}l*T*Fff :"s#?ffHi:$l To enhancethe collection efforts,the Polis8mCom- f+ muniry MRF, Incdrpo- -/\ ------""\ rated may ss! uP Brrsngoy Ecocentenit fts strategiolocatioB wi$iD the servicearea. The Eco_ centersshall sene astem_ r*> porary stonge a$as for B'|r*Els'in I 8) 39 coll€dedtEcyclabl€s and as an intemedialeplac€ to performpreliminary sortin& clasrification, ard eveD clcanitrgofcollected i1€ms prior to their deliveryto the MRF. Additionally,the BaraDgayEcoceniers shall be tte visible lBllying point wherepublic mobilization,information, aod advococycampaiers car be Iarlnciedand coo.dinated.

The cornmunitysolid wastecollectors shall use small collectionvehicles, The small colleotionvehioles haveseveFl advantages:

. Reductionin air andnoise pollution

. More reliabilitt b€causeoffew€r breakdownsand thus reduced daintenarce c4st

' L€sspeNons involv€d,because the driver is alsothe collector

' L€ssor evenzero fuel expense

. Lessdamage to cornmunityroad3

. Cane$ily aocessand navigate througb the naflow rcad networkofthe threebarangays

Dependingon the operationalneeds, the PalisamCommunity MRF Enterprisewill make us€ of the following collectionvehiclesi

. Pushcartswith severalcomparinents

. P€dal-poweredtdcycles or pedicabswith speciallydesign€d sidecars

. Motorizedtdoyol€s with speciallydesigned sidecars

, Jeepwith compafinentalizedtrailer

Seps.raievehioles shall be usedto collect specifict,?es of waste.At the minimum,one collection vehicle shall be dedioatedeach fo. biodegradablesand nonbiodegradables.The colleotionvehioles shall be dis- tinctly color-coded.The compartnentalized trailer pulledby . jeep shallbe usedin collsctingbulk wastes aswell as double as a deliveryvehicle.

8) 40 _.r - 1:: =:jje urdu€ economicdislocalion and conlusion in the srea,the communilysolid wastecol- -::: s:r.l .*.i:gm r.llere.-vclabies from the householdsai the sameprice the junk shopsare offering fol :=:-. i3-s. T-dejunk shops,on the otherhand, shall be encouragedand assistedto upgradetheir opela- l-j :.n house{o-houseretail business to community-\r'iderecyclable integfators dealing directly with 'alcling plants. I ^r-rdrDrs fior Prtn' cwuniv rRF,he.d.bt! I I R-t foirr Frot 4Elp,fl,rncaMnnrr ,4r,''sBahd :': I , ':, '---.-+ r. dih I frll vt/ f,;:*utnx'*";giil";1l:;':?:::1?s:nTH;i',l;:::d1Hii"*fflffi:TLl: not.be co llected-and those who. fail to segregaieshall be levied fine. dailyservice fee o f PhPI for dlall a A -useholds andPhPs tor commercialesiablishments and other juridical entiiies shall aiso be collecled. Flfie serricefee may be paid in cashor in itsequivalent in recyclables. T T

T &) 4l RECOVERYAND PROCESSINGCOMPONENT Theseare discussed b€low Tbeprocessing cornpolent consists of severalmajor sctivities Unlaodinoand Classificafion'The seg' rcp,aiedsolid wastecollected &om the ho,-l'lseholdsand establishrnenlsshall be broughtdirectly to the MRF. Wtile these items have been seglegateoat source' they will still undergofunh€r segr-ega- tionand classificadon atthe tipping tloor ofltheMRF in aocordancewith the speci- fications of the market/buyenand the prccessesto beapplied

Biodesmdabl€waste, upon arrival at the MRF,-shallb€ sortedfurthet into the fol- lowing categories: - Grass,leaves €nd other Yad tim_ - frLiin". andslems that cannot b€ shreddedeasily - Specificagricultural woste gatbered ftom the ar€, e g ric€ hull, bagasse thatare fteshly oollected from bomes Kitchenlsftovers teohniques iitchen leftoversttrat are semi_alry or pre-processedusing home oomposting Animll wastethat is pre_processedat the source Humanwaste that is ioundin diapers,sanitary napkins, pads' etc Finesand inerh t:tl-*e followincl Nonbiodegradablewaste, on the othet hsnd, shall be ,s-orte1,llf(|:l and r]pesl ;;;X. .;;;. b;;k;" siass[according to specificcolors PlasticslaccordinB to caregorynumbe4 Metalslatuminum ana dn cans.stel, olherironsl canons Paper[*hite. ne-sprint mixed, compositesl Bnd

&) 42 .1-:-: :-'Fs oi qr-aPper5

:::r:.:5. :oers. hair.etc

-;-: .:3:,'. bonesldimculi to compostl :-_-:= baledaccordingto market specifications .. ,llarrcquire no furtler so(ing shallbe classifiedand icisd lvhil€ awaidngthe buyers. ,. -- communir,MRF. rncorporarcd.sharl ';;; = "d"prpo',.nriurbll",,'"Ti1].-.^111s,"::::i?::-T,51,*::,1 p'oduces hisner quariq.m'"'^':,1j::::l :_-raz:a automalediLi;;;.;;:.sortl 'lni"i operatonFurther' a manualsorting proc- :_: :ore reiectedmaterials as comparcd to the mJcnani'ea -_r=:,r neq jobs in the loc8litY. ft:-.:!,1;;if::#;',tifil:1,::g::::,$5}fii"'sJiJil"issharrhavebeeniden'1inedreadv optionsavailable !o the PalisamCommuni8 MRF' :;:::.? of Biadeeradahlewaste l hereate several -i'r:'i:,il-"-t?il::,i:"";:ffi;;'; =ilin pto.."tingliodegradable wasles;;J;;;;;til.:,1't These.are: 'T.l: pi"'..r' ifi' ut'o'noaur* ::undlltH"fl'.iil"',',';",ffi""1' can handre anvvorume :,1T":.'I;;.:'iljffiilJ "iii"ia-p;oi" is ediblefor anirnals' Fl=. p.odu"tion- thisis lirnitedto wastethat g - processingwaste that develops methane as a by_product'e live- all 3:. -:2slechnology d)is is bestfor I.':ti nanure tl$;:*H;li::il::il;,il::"iiffii:l::",?,H*l'"",l'i.':'H;lJ:.1:li:"T:'Tl"*n"'

&) 43 controlledconditions. whire animalf€€d Foduction is a viable option,tie.ecent ouiburst of diseases, e.g.mad cow diseaseand SARS, altributed to animalsthal havebeen fed with rccycledmatter, Eises seri_ oushealth concems.

Thebiodegradable waste shall be processed using aerobic composting technolos/, specificallythe staticpile, passiveaemtion version, Aerobic composting has sJv- eral potentialadvantages: [a] the decompositionprocess proceeds more ragidly; [b] ternperaturelev€ls that are lethal to pathogensare afained; and [c] the numbir andintensify ofobjectionable emissions are reduced shagly.

The interstitialair, or the air in the spacabetweex the psrticlesofthe cornposting mass,is the sourceof oxygenfor the activ€micmbial production. The oxygenii th€ ambientair that impingeson the outersurface [surface air layer]also iontib- utesin er*tancingthe microbialproduotion. The particlesremain statioDdy and only the interstitialair is exohangedthrough natuml convectionand air move_ menL

The adopt€dcomposting process is cost-efficient,as fhe processdoes not involv€ the interventionof sophisticatedand costly mechanicsl equipment like fansor tuming equipment.The processalso involv€smanual activities thus connibutins to the creationof ne\^jobs in the localiD.The end-product [compost] is suffi ciently stablefor nuisance-freestorage and would be safefor usein agtioulture.

ThePa.lisam composting process involves five principal steps covering a periodof45-60 dayslra

I. Shr€dding.The biodegndables shall be shredded into uniform particle sizes of3-4 cm,This is done to avoid_.later in tle compostinaprooess, the developm€ntof sna€robiopockets in and th€ unevcn drsttbutionand movement ofair rhroughthe composting mass.

2. Incorporatlonofs BulklngAg.trt or BiGolidsitrto the Wrsie.Such an agent could be coconut goir oustor brosoridslike water hyacinths or lakealgae found in tre looality.The biosolids shallbe mixed with

'" The d€signoJ th€- ,, Pelissmcomposting process is an adaptarioDof the compostingprocess used in BanngsySun laliey MRF in Paranaque.The Sun V6ll€y MRF syslemu€3 designedand d€vclopedby Sanngay Chai-rp€rson RobenoB. cu€vara.

&) 44 biod€radablesnanually or wilh theuse ofa simplemixing machine like a one-baggerce-

CoEpolting Pmcqss.The compostingmass shall be placedin semi-permeablesacks that would 5 ie compostingvessels. The compostingsacks shall be looselypacked to promotethe flow ofair r: -:-- :i. mass.The sacksshall then be placedon stackingshelves located in the compostingroom l- *e IIRF. The compostingroom shali b€ dry and w€ll-ventilatedat alltimes. The room shallalso a iiifficient working spaceto allow the restackingofthe sacksas often as necessaryto €xposethe i-r.ing massto air and thuslessen the emissionof putrefactjveodors.

:ompostingprocess is progressingsatisfactorily, a numbe. of changesin thepbysical chafacteristics .omoostinsmass wiilbe observed:

')ior- Theoriginal odor ofthe biodegradablesis thal ofmw garbage.Iithe compostingprocess is ad- t rarcingwell, the succ€eding odors could be described collectively as "faint cooking." P?rticleSize. Due to the microbialactivjties, the particle size of the compostingmaterial becomes smaller.Also. organic 6bers become brittle and amorphous materials becom€ somewhat grairular in r :haD€. ooo""*,"" rne compostingmass gradually da*ens in colorand appearance I ^, Sifliogthe Composted Mixture. Once the mass has achieved complele composting, it is takenout of I.omposting sackand once morc manually sieved, This is doneto rernovethe rcmaining bulk paiicles El '.huspromote a consistentuniform appearance that buyers prefer.

Curidgrnd Storage,The sifted compost shall be repacked for f'!al curingand storage, At thispoinl r compostshall exude an earthly smell €nd would be dark g|ay or brownishin colorand appearance. I $*'"ggq"i"6r"'il1f,::rT$r:xli'Ji:-:T,';"y;ff:f;:::i:"f,:',n5#yil"T:#"Jl*ff

I &) 45 will Proc?ssineof NonbiadeerodabteWa\te 1he availabilit/of marke$ ;G;fi. *"gones lhal the PalisarhMRf will maintainfor packedfor 'irnr.aiu,i "r.fif l actory retumableswill be baled and ""iii"J"**Llr.taaiu..y and sale. lhese will be deliveredto the recycling tuJ.i"r o. t"a"aptloo whena commercialqualrtity is accumulated' "ente$

particularlythe recyclables'oan be Dep€ndingon theneeds ofth€ m€rket,the nonbiodegadabieitems' classifiedbased on the following specificationsr

SlmDlsM€ttrl Specmc ons . Separ"tedby grade . Baledlsize & ,,€lght specified] orlooso . Dryor including some w€t . Cleanor some degrcs of co!!q!l!4!g! . Flattened,unflattened, orshrcdded FerousContaineE / . Labels€moved of not€moved t!.{etalProducts . Cleanor with a degreeof mntamination . Loosg,baled or densifie!l@ig!!.9!iE . Flatlened,shredded, baled ordensmed AluminunContalners . Freeof molslurc, din, foll, l€ad, llase etc . Baled,granulated orloose . SeDaratedbvcolor or lype, 0r mlxe!

a) 46 samtlstla*et SPecifc.tons l-EGEiEd-by color o' mi'ed . Sizeof culletlspeciiled] t| . Deorceof contamlnalon F- *. r.:{r!*8*iT1t.t.fir"H#fildf[.iijih;**,,""*;*dil,;-'- il#'iffi':[h:t'"'T"* ]i[*tltJl;t'**1;'

ln" ,",'o..o.muniry MRF, rncorpomr"d:h"lllg:lll p-":::':l':::i::l"Tnfflfi'l}iJ]fi::: *,,Ti:I"!:ll"*ll,j:#;iillLii;,i-,"{idlliii#::l*gnt.'il,:i'J''HT.,":":";1';theofocessing ot nono'o*t*""'' "l'riiirit ti" city Livelihoodoffice' in coopera- ;.j:.**ffJffiH tr,","""til""i"Jirtt*gr'.,.i'-nl ii"'rinooa'ril' uuining F|l:l'"'#ffi "tl:;f rccessineofResiduats Based on the waste charactt::. j,:l-'l'i:]:,lil""l'..t"'riH:Silif *'"'rduarsdestined rorf:.T::i;the citv mffi:ffi::*emTJilffi '}]ff#fi;iiii" JuiJin'a

MRFwhile awaiting coll€ction Ft;::1fl xu#,i:fftrf$i'"lx'fi'silff i#5li'Ji'"i3'Jli no longerbe allowedto collecl

Ecl 47 :s:,tr1T:Sff'-Tt-:'#ii,lH.y:3ilsf-3:s€rvic€'rareaand{ininsteadberimitedtoco'ecting with the City ENRO' be determif,ed in coordination A schedulefor this purPosev{ill

MARKTTD,IGAND SALES coraoNENT ***i'S"":,l+*l-g'm,j*,*'uS*+,Ul*ruffi*H"*#** rhepa,isamcommuni,y,ur*::nr::i,l*:l,"l,.l[.?]!,ff;fft{ilg$g",frtr""iqi:r,, #J*ffititffi'l#,!#$n*".

8c) 48 - -..,-. -ir:,.rables So asnotlo dislocatethe existingjunkshops in the localitywho tradeprincipally in F:jli:#il4?+#xlfi-il:,vr*i;ilt.l#,rT*rt;'"ffirYlf*ff I#*, r-: :_ =. iuni. shoDsshall be elelated!o that of recyclable-buyers The PalisanCommuniry MRF In_ 1',-.,... o, $e other hand,shall take tull controi of the day-to-dayrecyclable buying operations, I*-,r -. --,s.6311 i-nI oealef5Inlo lhe operalional'tleam oflhe VRI jts :r r Compostincreases the organicconientoflhe soil and can improve texture,its nutrienlcon- :.: :'j qater retenlionand aemtioncapacities,Because ofthese, the compostcan be usedand mar- ..r-^: :. ::e iollowingl

. r-.,lrur€ food andnon-food crops and farms -a::iaping commercialprcperties and groundsmaintenance \ ---:ries pottedplanls, bare rool planting,and foresl seedling crcps --r :. Agencies highwaylandscaping, recrcational areas, parks, and other public Properties t i:. :.n.es homelandscaping and gafdenrng :_:.: iandreclamation and landfill cover

CoMPETITIoNANALYSES

t :-::::: haulingscheme ofthe Ciiy ENROinvolving dump trucks is consid€reda serious competitor IncorporatedThe reqson issimplei ;: ::;:gated cillectionscheme ofthe PalisamCommunity MRF, :--i :lck haulenoffers a muchsimpler procedure to thehousehold - place all yourrubbish inside a :+- .ring il out to thehaulers. and forget all aboutit This is muchconvenient than the rccom_ : :::ardated segregational source.

- :: ? sizeableinvestmenl already poured into the old schemeand a signilicantbudget required to -- :: :! unlikelythal localgovemment unils will soonterminate the operationsofthe haulersin fa' :::;:::: ecologically-soundsegregalion_at-source and snall_vehiclecollection scheme'

[.J 49 PROCESSINC

Ther€are three competitor goups on this level: t. tnforEal RecycleN- The garbagecollected at th€ curbsideis separatedmanua]ly by ti€ helpers on the dumpauck while effoute to the dumpsite.The truck helPershave their own way of segregation. The factoryretumables ar€ unload€d to junk shopson the way to the dumpsite.

2. Formsl R€cyclers- Thereare existingjunk shops,within the threesubject baradgays, who do their own "door-to-dooi' redemptionoperadon using pushcafis.They will definitely be affectedby the MRF operationas the PalisamComrnunity MRF, lncorporatedis essentiallyan institutionaliz€djunkshop opemliot that will changethe way ordinary/faditionaljunk shopsaxe doing business in the country.

3. Animrl Feed Coll€ctors- it was observedduring th€ wastechaxacterization study in tbe dr€e barangaysthat most ofthe kitchenwast€s do not find their way into the garbagepile that is sent!o the dumpsife.Most areprocessed into animalleed for dom€sticpets ar,d backyard piggeries and fishponds.

MARKTTING& SAIES

Factoryretumables would bethe mainproduct line ofthe PalisamCommunity MRF, Incotpo@ted partictl- tarly duringits earlyoperational phases. These items afe also the mainproducts ofjunk shopopetators ln a \{aythen, the main competitor ofthe proposedMRF conceming marketing operation would be thejur* shopsin thearea.

MACHN\ERY& EOL'1PT€NT

Basedon the schemesmentioned earlier in this section,the lollowing machin€riesand equipmeDt shall be requiredi

. Collectionvehicles . Mixingmachine . Compostbins I Plasticcontainers r Shredder/ Chipper . Sieve[manual or mechanical]

F) 50 c'cighinescale

iHb€rrows

J.iaib asto number,specifications, and ac{uisition costs are found in the latterchapter ofthis study.

OPEMTIONAL FLOWCIIART

diagam found on the next pggedescribes gaphically the op€rationaiflow ofth€ propos€dpalisam ity MRF. t I I I I t I I &) 5l PdilsmCon$unlo llRF opsratlonslFlowEhan

Hor$€holds,Comrnercial Establhhments& oiher lnslitutions

Reduclional Source Segmgalionat SouBe

NoiblodegradablgWasle

El) 52 Comm!iilySolld WasteCo leclors

FinalSoding & Classiicaton

\7 :,,.:, :ri l,r:

&) 53

Chapter4

PHYSTCALFAcrLtTy 80&)c€

6ajn physicalstructure ofthe PalisamCommunity MRI, Incorporat€dshall be er€ctedin barangay >.:jngon. The one-storeystructur€, referied to asthe MRF, shallhous€ the principairesource recovety rro.€ssingfacilities including lhe nain tipping floor, rcoyclablesstorage areas, composting and cutirg ---.=. I€sidual holding chambers,a! well s5 the administrativeand msrketingoflic€s of the Palisam unity MRF, Inoorporated.

::c BarargayEcocentc6, as secondorystructures of the PolisamCornmunity MRF, lncorporoted,shall as int€inediateoolle.tion and storagepoints and shali be locat€dstralegically witlin the service Howeve.,it is projectedthat no Eoocente$shall be establishedduring the fint five yea$ of opera-

::e baraDgaygovernmeflt ofPalingon, through its BarangayChairperson, has made avaitable six parc€ls -:*d rotalingalmost 960 sq,m, to servea5 the site ofthe MRF. - I ll h) 55 Tte physicalstructures ard siteofthe proposedMRF shallbe consistentwith the followingconsiderations a5specified in Sections28 and29 of tie ImplementingRules and Regulalions ofRA 9003: a- Th€ building and/orland layoutard equipmentmust b€ designedto accommodatethe eflicient and safeprocessing, movement, and sto€ge of materials; b. The building mustbe designedto allow efficientand safe ext€mal access and bt€mal flow; c, The compostingoperation shali comply with the prcvisionsof SectioD29 of the IRR applicableto compostingand compos8; d. The following tecordsshall be maintainedand submittei to the Departmentupon r€questi " Recordofdaily weightsor volumesofwaste reoeived,processed, and removed ftom siteaccurale to witbin ten percenland adequaie for overallPlanning purposes and raoking ofsuccessofwaste diversiongoals;and - Daily logbookor file ofthe following informationilires, sPecialoccunedces! unauthorized loads' injury, andproperty dalrlAge.

Thec.mposting facility shalloonform to the following standardsand critedal

a. The facility shallnot be tooatedin an ateathat is subjectto frequentflooding, unless engineering con- trols areprovided in the desig to preventthe inundationof the faciiity.

Et) 56 E.f- *. anddrain€e controlmechanisms shall be in place.The facilityshall be designed r| tht oqosl piles.windrcws, residues, and processed materiai will not be exposed!o surface E:EOff.

lb ffi lahare stomgeis provided,the dischargeofleachate inlo any bodyofwater is prohib- E tfu s,!ch discharge meets rhe limits prescribed by rhe DENR slandards for emuents. Where 4r|E r.r4s !o b€ stored,it shallcomply wirh lhe provisionsofSection 38A 12.'"Provisions shall be d! d dEdthe ieachateis.e-circulated into the comeostoiles or w'ndrowsas much as Dossible.

r-:rr:ciu. provisionsior vector,odorJ litter, ard dustcontrol shall be included.

I.:fie+ing shallbe maintainedal all timesin accordancewith the precedingseclion. i-:$r::cs shallbe ma.nagedas solid waste&1d shall be disposedofas such.

::c _<:;eraluresofcompost piles,curing piles, and processedcomposts shsll be ma;ntainedat saG flal :Llpr€venl the occurrcnceofspontaneous combustion,

r.-:a:. condilionsshall be maintainedto preventthe formationofdangerous gases such as methane.

-.r.:? slom8efacililies shsll be designedwiLh contalnment slstems 10 prev€ntleachale frcm spillageand its r:-i r - D uderl) inCgroundwaler or nearb)surfa.e dy of waler.For ]eachateimpoundmenl ponds, the desig! tEL :!,j. a geomembmnelinef systemund€rlaii by a low penncabilitysoil layerofal leas!0.30 n thick. Thd -----re lin€f shallbe al learl 1.5mm thick wilh a permeabilityof lxl0i" cm/secor less.Linef sp€cifications, ., :-: aeineerjnecertificarion rcquirements shall be p€f provisionsof Section38A13. Adequa!€ frc€board in- I- ti-t r:-.*ancc lor rarnt:rllvoluduend o1h€r salbguards shallb€ provid€d !o prevenlpond ov$flowing.

I &) 57 T;'

SiteDescriPtion

lL ta is composedof six contiguousparcels of tand that forms a rectangularpiece of r€al property € ml dimensionavemges out at 15 m x 60 m. Theproperty is locatedsway from the populatedar€a Jt borlSay but is highly accessibleto all formsof vehicularUand and waterl ard Pedestriantr3fic as - - hcacd aloagfte msinroad that sepamtes baiadgays Palingon and Lingga leading to the pier' The site 3E tbe powerline.

r€quiredto Tb Fopcrty, however,sits below the streetlevel. As such,substandal cut 4nd fill would be &:ae tb€ productionar€a to a lev€l that is equalto or higher thar the streetto avoid the ill effectsof loding duringthe rainy season.

E) 58 /t' I l/,'''"* >x-\--*<{ I| olnenlionaof :h6 Sflo

LdNo. *!r {.qfi.l llnr 2.3[mJ Un Inrl th.16&|.l 315 151 15.18 10.00 15.01 9.98 316 154 10.08 15.34 1010 1518 317 157 16.53 9.89 15.34

318 166 10.3 1711 s.90 16.53 319 165 16.66 9.95 17.11 10.00

320 161 9.94 16.41 9.95 16.66 Dalaltun BuAauol LmdEsile Descniotiors,Survsy No. PLS-709, slr€€l t}t.. 15, daled Novenb$ 27, 1973

The MRF is a one-storcybuilding designedmodularly. It can expandits working al€asas the needarises andas the budget allows it. Atthe start,tie MRFshall consist ofthree [3]modules with eachmodule hav. F ingthe following size: 3.60-m. width x 6.OO-m.length. and a heighlofat least3 0 meters

The typical floor plan ofthe MR-Fshall accommodatethe mdjo! operationalactivities as shownin the schematicdiagram on the nextpage.

17 TheBarangsy Ecocenter shall have a modularsizeof3.60-n. width x4.80-m letglh.

!o 60 SchemdticFloor Plan Inol to selej

:c&.designrequirementsmenlionedinthelRR'thefollowingdesignParametersshallalsobe

as.uell placeto protectthe composting process ,-ndrun-offdiversion systems shall be in soe: theproducts marKeEble moistureinat would dramatically degade d F$iiuis fromexcessive

of leachateA provislonsfor the collectionand trealnent rlfu shallbe of concretewith b;G3ssr.r}becauseit:[a]fa.ilitatesmalerialshandling;ib]enablesloffiolof]eachareandareas' themigration of fly larvaeto thesurrounding ,Jnano t"l or"u"no productionof goodventilation mecha"lisms to control the J'"tt" *. ir*t *all have sortingprocesses' 6&6 oanicularlyduring the composting and are an architectumlrendition ofthe elevations ofqua.nliryofthe sfucturesas well as FF5

B) 6i 8{l oaou.nttY InF od!h,3-6 n. r 6.0m

DE3,en|Pio orlm!4l ut.|nP4q

-Podand c.incr

.;d.Em Sbd 6F onm 5

w LL9 { Ert rtof dll }

2, r2: x 12 rumb.r,Fur!

c*d.r,Lr 3'

c'ooirin€D m€Hiffi -i6FrNo aY3TEr

c.r cJ:Rel. q. 29 ! I o Pdn G rshrn. 4. 2€t 3 x3' 2' ! 3" r 1? rldD.., E!!!!L

|cosi: ..,rar4q Bifiof ou.ntlty B.ren$yEcocad.r lodule,3 6 n x4.8m

I I Chapter5

ORGANIZATIoNALPLAN B)tDC€

mostappropriate for tie proposedPalisanl Tn formularingthe organizationaland management structure rCommunitv MRF,lncorporated. lhe follosingcriteia were taken into consideration:

PatisamCommunity MRI' lncorporat€d ' The organizationaland mansgerial structure ofthe proposed ente'ptisethat involvesinstitutional must be r€sponsiveto the complexitiesof startinga pioneering sbkeholderswith varying and even differing inleresls and needs

operationaland decision_making . The organizationaland managedal shucture must proflote effective processesthat arequiok to respondto 8l1dcapitalize on changesand opportunities'

srengthof the sbkeholdersbu1 . The organizationmust be ableto promotesnd sustainthe collectiYe without undulvcultliling individualcreativity and initiative fah genemtionofreasonable retun on . The organizationalform mustbe an effectiveinsfument for the investnent, rrEEz:ional and managerial structue must facililate the continuous genemtion of resoLrls€s, na-iL gifu. lodns.bonds. fees. donalions.

E@d!di. th€ arganizational configuration must contdbute in p.omoting and enhancing the co- rdc co-os n€d characieristics of rhe Paliss-rn Cornmunity MRF, lncorpoEted. The co- d ao€ovemancescheme is a given focusofthe studyas this schemeoffers advantlg€s to Ftrr re coasi(Gringa cluster-banngayMRF in compliancewith the rnandatesofRA 9003.Th€se

:'t€ t iEr.$n€nt requirementof settingup a MRF, it is morepractical for somebamagays, par- !:--9 fu. eilb budgetarf limitations, !o teaJnup with their neighborsand split the investrnentcost |-Hres ratier thanfooting the bill slone.

;r |... fr fild dremselveswith limited spac€to put up the physicallacility or evenwith sn unre- i- ,t+ of Bencmledsolid waste, entering inlo a join! ventur€MRF with the neighboring ; r cerenientand profitable arangement to complywith the rnandates ofRA 9003.

.r-d MRFoflen anemcient way to capitalizeon the unique strengths of thepublic and pri- d Forid6 a vehiclefor theprivate sector to helpdeliver public servic€s at lowercost ..ffcdingquality or accessibility.

fti{crerions andthe peculiaroperalional d}narnics aDd irnperad! es of rheproposed Fopriate organizationallorm for the PalisamCommunity MRF, lnconoratedis a ,-?q-'ion.rr ThePalisam Community MRF Enterprise shall be organized and regis- $-iththe provisions ofthe Corporation Code ofthe Philippines.

b Essl,lredprior ro rhe conducrofrhe feasibilir)sud) thar$e organ;?aionalfom of IIR.F k a coop€ralive-And indee4dudng r,he conduct ofihe srudy,it wasnored that a

&) 65 NoNsrocl NoNpRoFITCoRpoRATIoN DESCRTBEp

A stockcor?omtion is ajuddical entirythat hasa capitalstock divided into €qualshares and is authoriz'ed to distrflute !o the holdersof suchshares, the dividondsor allotmentsoith€ surplusprofits basedon the sh8r€sheld. All olher corpoftrtionsaft non-stockcorpomtions.

A nonstockcorpomtion, therefore, is a corpomtionthat has no capitalstock divided into sharesheld by irdividual investors.InsEad, the principal ecotomic rcsouroeof a nonstockcorporation is formedby shkeholders,who maybe natursland./or juridical pe$ons,who vdluntaryconfibuted varyingamounts of cashor qusntifiedassets. During the life ofthe nonstockcorporation, usually not exceeding50 ye€rs,no dividendsare paid andno partof the corpo€teincome is diskibuiedto its members,omcers, or dir€ctors with the exceptionof.e€sonable compensation for se$icesr€ndered and allowable distributions upon dis- solutionor liquidation,subject to the provisionsofthe CorporationCode.

A nonstockoorporalion is also r€ferredto a5 a not-for.profil or nonprofitcorporation and is organized geDerallyfor charitable,civic, religious,or othersimilar benevolent purpose. Throlgh the y9ars,however, DoDprofitcorpomtions have gone beyond charitable-related activiti€s. Today, a numberof nonstoclqllon- profit corporationsalso engage in conunerciBlor businessenterpdses that male incomeor profit. ld the process,a surplusor incidertalresqves are generated but thesedo not accrueto the individualb€nefit of rhest€teholders, The aaaumulated surplus is plowedback to operations.

Fimar' ooop€r.tive*ould havebeen the mostapprlopfiate organizrtional vehicle for tlte project8iven the pafticips- br,v and ccgovemancecharect€ristics of the Palism ConrmunityMRF, Incorporated.How€ver, the slskeholdenol dp CoDorationconsisl of ag€nciesand institutionsfiom the public and privateseclors. Section 26 of thc Coopem- tilr Codeof the Philippinese)plicidy statesthat only notwal persots nay & adnittedas mernbersof a priftary cep€rstiv€. Furtb€r,while anynatuml p€$on who is a citizenofth€ Philippin€s,another coop€mlive, or a non-profil c.Eanizatjonwift jwidical p€rsonality,sha'l be eligible for nembershipin a cooperetiv€,otherjuridical €ntities like i@l 8ov€mmenturits or business€nteerises are not erume€tedand thus presumed excluded.

ts) 66