DOCSLIB.ORG

Delftware Chronology: a New Approach to Dating English Tin-Glazed Ceramics" (1989)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Delftware Chronology: a New Approach to Dating English Tin-Glazed Ceramics W&M ScholarWorks Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects 1989 Delftware Chronology: A New Approach to Dating English Tin- Glazed Ceramics Ellen Shlasko College of William & Mary - Arts & Sciences Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd Part of the Art and Design Commons, and the Social and Cultural Anthropology Commons Recommended Citation Shlasko, Ellen, "Delftware Chronology: A New Approach to Dating English Tin-Glazed Ceramics" (1989). Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects. Paper 1539625501. https://dx.doi.org/doi:10.21220/s2-tmdb-d088 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. DELFTWARE CHRONOLOGY: A NEW APPROACH TO DATING ENGLISH TIN-GLAZED CERAMICS A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the Department of Anthropology The College of William and Mary in Virginia In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts by Ellen Shlasko 1989 APPROVAL SHEET This thesis is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Ellen Shlasko Approved, April 1989 Dr. Rita Wright u George Miller The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Dt. Ma r1ey?R. Brown, III TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS....................... iv LIST OF TABLES ...................................... V LIST OF F I G U R E S .................................... vi ABSTRACT ...... X CHAPTER I - INTRODUCTION............................ 2 CHAPTER II - METHODOLOGY AND SA M P L E ............... 16 CHAPTER III - THE RESULTS OF THE AN A L Y S I S .......... 38 CHAPTER IV - TESTING THE D A T E S ..................... 96 CHAPTER V - CONCLUSION....................... .. 12 6 BIBLIOLOGRAPHY ...................................... 135 iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS There are many people who have contributed to this work. My thanks to Henry Miller, Susan Hanna and the rest of the staff at Historic St. Mary's City for their generosity, help and hospitality. Thanks must also go to John Austin, Leslie Grigsby , Margie Gill and the Collections Department of the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation for being so generous with the resources of the wonderful delftware collection. I thank my father, Bob Shlasko, for his help in editing the manuscript . My gratitude to Edward Shlasko, Dave Muraca and Greg Brown for getting the computer to cooperate with graphics. My deepest appreciation must go to the committee that guided me through the process of producing this work: Marley Brown, for his critical reading; Rita Wright, whose criticism and energetic support were an important factor in shaping the final product; and, most especially, George Miller, who was the catalyst, the inspiration behind the analysis, and who gave freely of his time, his possessions, his friendship and his ideas in a way that I will always remember and be grateful for. LIST OF TABLES Table Page I. Date Ranges and Median D a t e s ............... 3 9 II. Mean Dates and Standard Deviations......... 4 0 III. Ceramics from the John Hick's S i t e ......... 119 IV. Comparing Mean and Median D a t e s ........... 131 v LIST OF FIGURES Cornerstone form ........................... 20 Punch bowl with Oriental landscape ........ 22 Varying shapes of popularity curves . 25 Seriation of forms used ................... 28 Posset pot decorated with "Bird on Rock" . 42 "Bird on Rock" popularity curve .......... 44 Plate decorated with seated figure ........ 43 Seated figure popularity curve ............. 45 Bowl decorated with Oriental landscape . 46 Oriental landscape popularity curve . 48 Plate decorated with Chinese floral . 49 Chinese floral popularity curve .......... 50 Plate decorated with royal portraits . 51 Royal portraits popularity curve .......... 52 Royal portraits by monarch ................. 54 Plate decorated with merchant ship ........ 56 Maritime popularity curve ................. 57 Merryman plates ........................... 58 Wreath inscriptions popularity curve . 59 Plate decorated with coat of arms ........ 60 Armorial popularity curve ................. 61 vi Pie chart of bottle decoration . 62 Plate decorated with Bianco-sopra-bianco 64 Bianco-sopra-bianco popularity curve . 65 Colored glaze popularity curve ........ 67 Rim lining popularity curve .......... 68 Punch bowl decorated with cracked ice 69 Cracked ice popularity curve .......... 70 Plate decorated with dot and diaper . 71 Dot and diaper popularity curve . 72 Bowl decorated with floral panels . 74 Floral panel popularity curve ........ 75 Tankard shapes ......................... 76 Barrel-shaped tankard popularity curve . 77 Globular tankard popularity curve . 78 Caudle cup popularity curve .......... 79 Pear-shaped tankard popularity curve . 80 Glass-bottomed tankard popularity curve 81 Cylindrical tankard popularity curve . 82 Punch bowls: height versus diameter . 85 Punch bowls of different shapes . 86 Caudle cup decorated with powdering . 87 Powdered decoration popularity curve . 88 vii Plate decorated with powdering ............ 89 Powdered decoration popularity curve .... 90 Scratched decoration popularity curve . 91 Plate decorated with sponging ............. 92 Sponged decoration popularity curve .... 93 Comparing "Bird on Rock" for two samples . 98 Comparing seated figure for two samples . 99 Comparing Chinese floral for two samples . 100 Comparing Oriental landscape for two samples 101 Comparing maritime for two samples ........ 103 Comparing royal portraits for two samples 104 Comparing armorial for two samples ........ 105 Comparing bianco-sopra-bianco for two samples 106 Comparing rim lining for two samples .... 108 Comparing cracked ice for two samples . 109 Comparing dot and diaper for two samples . 110 Comparing floral panels for two samples . 111 Comparing colored glazes for two samples . 113 Comparing powdering for two samples .... 114 Comparing scratching for two samples .... 115 Comparing sponging for two samples ........ 116 Unidentified sherds from St. Mary's City . - 120 viii Figure Page 66. Drawing of identifiable delftware from St. Mary's Ci t y ........................... 121 67. Sherds with sponged decoration ........... 122 68. Date ranges for all a t t r i b u t e s ........... 129 69. Barrel-shaped tankard popularity curve . 132 ix ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to provide an improved method of dating English delftware of the seventeenth and eighteenth century. Until now the use of delftware as an archaeological dating tool has been limited. Using a different focus and methodology from those previously used, this study has shown that delftware can, in fact, be tightly dated. A large sample of dated delftware vessels were quantified and arranged to form popularity curves. These curves show beginning and end dates of manufacture, mean dates and median dates, based on design changes in delftware decoration. Testing the results on a second sample and on an archaeological assemblage confirmed the validity of the analysis. With the completion of this analysis, English delftware gains importance and utility as a means of dating archaeological sites and materials. x DELFTWARE CHRONOLOGY: A NEW APPROACH TO DATING ENGLISH TIN-GLAZED CERAMICS CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION TO DELFTWARE "Chronology in archaeology is one of the cornerstones for all analysis," says James Deetz (1977:16) in his book In Small Things Forgotten. "The determination of the age of this or that archaeological site is critical before any consideration of process through time can be attempted." No matter what research goals are being pursued, unless the dates of archaeological materials are first established, the information provided by those materials is of limited use. Therefore, before further analysis can be undertaken, chronology must be considered. In order to establish the timeframe of a site, archaeologists use the artifacts recovered from that site as dating tools. Fortunately, the dates of manufacture and use are known for many types of artifacts that appear in archaeological assemblages. Among the more abundant of these types are ceramics. Ceramic chronology is the focus of this study. Ceramics appear in quantity on most historic sites. Because of this, they have been used extensively in many different types of analysis, from studies of foodways to economic interpretation. 2 3 However, one of the primary interpretive roles played by pottery is as a tool for dating. Much is known about the chronology of ceramic manufacture through documentary and archaeological research, and this information is of great use to archaeologists. Not all ceramic types, however, are as useful in dating as others. English tin-enameled ware, or delftware, of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries is one ware type whose potential as a dating tool has seemed limited. There are several reasons why this is so, and they will be discussed in more detail below. Briefly, they include the lack of documentary sources, the fragile nature of tin-glazed ware and the goals of previous research. The ceramic assemblages from 17th and 18th century archaeological sites often contain a great deal of English delftware. In order to increase English delftware*s potential as a dating tool, an analysis of decorative styles and techniques was conducted. This study resulted in short-term date ranges
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Leeds Pottery
    Leeds Art Library Research Guide Leeds Pottery Our Art Research Guides list some of the most unique and interesting items at Leeds Central Library, including items from our Special Collections, reference materials and books available for loan. Other items are listed in our online catalogues. Call: 0113 378 7017 Email: [email protected] Visit: www.leeds.gov.uk/libraries leedslibraries leedslibraries Pottery in Leeds - a brief introduction Leeds has a long association with pottery production. The 18th and 19th centuries are often regarded as the creative zenith of the industry, with potteries producing many superb quality pieces to rival the country’s finest. The foremost manufacturer in this period was the Leeds Pottery Company, established around 1770 in Hunslet. The company are best known for their creamware made from Cornish clay and given a translucent glaze. Although other potteries in the country made creamware, the Leeds product was of such a high quality that all creamware became popularly known as ‘Leedsware’. The company’s other products included blackware and drabware. The Leeds Pottery was perhaps the largest pottery in Yorkshire. In the early 1800s it used over 9000 tonnes of coal a year and exported to places such as Russia and Brazil. Business suffered in the later 1800s due to increased competition and the company closed in 1881. Production was restarted in 1888 by a ‘revivalist’ company which used old Leeds Pottery designs and labelled their products ‘Leeds Pottery’. The revivalist company closed in 1957. Another key manufacturer was Burmantofts Pottery, established around 1845 in the Burmantofts district of Leeds.
    [Show full text]
  • Fast Fossils Carbon-Film Transfer on Saggar-Fired Porcelain by Dick Lehman
    March 2000 1 2 CERAMICS MONTHLY March 2000 Volume 48 Number 3 “Leaves in Love,” 10 inches in height, handbuilt stoneware with abraded glaze, by Michael Sherrill, Hendersonville, North FEATURES Carolina. 34 Fast Fossils 40 Carbon-Film Transfer on Saggar-Fired Porcelain by Dick Lehman 38 Steven Montgomery The wood-firing kiln at Buck Industrial imagery with rich texture and surface detail Pottery, Gruene, Texas. 40 Michael Sherrill 62 Highly refined organic forms in porcelain 42 Rasa and Juozas Saldaitis by Charles Shilas Lithuanian couple emigrate for arts opportunities 45 The Poetry of Punchong Slip-Decorated Ware by Byoung-Ho Yoo, Soo-Jong Ree and Sung-Jae Choi by Meghen Jones 49 No More Gersdey Borateby JejfZamek Why, how and what to do about it 51 Energy and Care Pit Firing Burnished Pots on the Beach by Carol Molly Prier 55 NitsaYaffe Israeli artist explores minimalist abstraction in vessel forms “Teapot,” approximately 9 inches in height, white 56 A Female Perspectiveby Alan Naslund earthenware with under­ Female form portrayed by Amy Kephart glazes and glazes, by Juozas and Rasa Saldaitis, 58 Endurance of Spirit St. Petersburg, Florida. The Work of Joanne Hayakawa by Mark Messenger 62 Buck Pottery 42 17 Years of Turnin’ and Burnin’ by David Hendley 67 Redware: Tradition and Beyond Contemporary and historical work at the Clay Studio “Bottle,” 7 inches in height, wheel-thrown porcelain, saggar 68 California Contemporary Clay fired with ferns and sumac, by The cover:“Echolalia,” San Francisco invitational exhibition Dick Lehman, Goshen, Indiana. 29½ inches in height, press molded and assembled, 115 Conquering Higher Ground 34 by Steven Montgomery, NCECA 2000 Conference Preview New York City; see page 38.
    [Show full text]
  • Philippa H Deeley Ltd Catalogue 17 Oct 2015
    Philippa H Deeley Ltd Catalogue 17 Oct 2015 1 A Pinxton porcelain teapot decorated in gilt with yellow cartouches with gilt decoration and hand hand painted landscapes of castle ruins within a painted botanical studies of pink roses, numbered square border, unmarked, pattern number 300, 3824 in gilt, and three other porcelain teacups and illustrated in Michael Bertould and Philip Miller's saucers from the same factory; Etruscan shape 'An Anthology of British Teapots', page 184, plate with serpent handle, hand painted with pink roses 1102, 17.5cm high x 26cm across - Part of a and gilt decoration, the saucer numbered 3785 in private owner collection £80.00 - £120.00 gilt, old English shape, decorated in cobalt blue 2 A Pinxton porcelain teacup and saucer, each with hand painted panels depicting birds with floral decorated with floral sprigs and hand painted gilt decoration and borders, numbered 4037 in gilt landscapes with in ornate gilt surround, unmarked, and second bell shape, decorated with a cobalt pattern no. 221, teacup 6cm high, saucer 14.7cm blue ground, gilt detail and hand painted diameter - Part of a private owner collection £30.00 landscape panels - Part of a private owner - £40.00 collection £20.00 - £30.00 3 A porcelain teapot and cream jug, possibly by 8A Three volumes by Michael Berthoud FRICS FSVA: Ridgway, with ornate gilding, cobalt blue body and 'H & R Daniel 1822-1846', 'A Copendium of British cartouches containing hand painted floral sparys, Teacups' and 'An Anthology of British Teapots' co 26cm long, 15cm high -
    [Show full text]
  • Art 198 Supplemental Reading List
    Art 198 Supplemental Reading List http://seco.glendale.edu/ceramics/198readinglist.html ART 198 HISTORY OF WORLD CERAMICS SUPPLEMENTAL READING LIST General Reference: -10,000 Years of Pottery, Emmanuel Cooper, 4th Edition, 2000, University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia, PA -World Ceramics, An Illustrated History, edited by Robert J. Charleston, 1976, Chartwell Books, Seacaucus, NJ -World Ceramics, From Prehistory to Modern Times, by Hugo and Marjorie Munsterberg, 1998, Penguin Putnam Publishers, NY -Techniques of the World's Great Masters of Pottery and Ceramics, by Hugo Morley-Fletcher, 1984, Chartwell Books, Seacaucus, NJ -Ceramics of the World, From 4000 BC to the Present, Lorenzo Camusso and Sandra Bortone, editors, 1992, Harry N. Abrams, publisher, New York -Pottery in the Making: World Ceramic Traditions, edited by Jan Freestone and David Gaimster, 1997, Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D. C. -Art History, Marilyn Stokstad, 1995, Prentice Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ -Art Through the Ages, Horst de la Croix and Richard C. Tinsley, Harcourt, Brace and World, Inc., NY -The Craft and Art of Clay, by Susan Peterson, 3rd edition, 1999, Prentice-Hall, New York -Ceramics, A Potter's Handbook, 6th Edition, 2000, by Glenn Nelson, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, NY -Clay and Glazes for the Potter, by Daniel Rhodes, Chilton Books The Ancient World: -The Emergence of Pottery, Technology and Innovation in Ancient 1 of 6 2/8/2009 4:10 PM Art 198 Supplemental Reading List http://seco.glendale.edu/ceramics/198readinglist.html Societies, by William K.Barnett and John W. Hoopes, 1995, Simthsonian Institution Press, 1995, Washington, DC -Cycladic Art: The N.
    [Show full text]
  • Cover Page the Handle Holds Various Files of This Leiden University Dissertation. Author: Krahe
    Cover Page The handle http://hdl.handle.net/1887/28741 holds various files of this Leiden University dissertation. Author: Krahe, Cinta Title: Chinese porcelain and other orientalia and exotica in Spain during the Habsburg dynasty Issue date: 2014-09-18 Chinese Porcelain and other Orientalia and Exotica in Spain during the Habsburg Dynasty GENEALOGY OF THE SPANISH HABSBURG ROYAL HOUSE ROYAL HABSBURG OF THE SPANISH GENEALOGY 279 Cinta Krahe 280 Chinese Porcelain and other Orientalia and Exotica in Spain during the Habsburg Dynasty BIBLIOGRAPHY Abad Zardoya 2005 Carmen Abad Zardoya, La casa y los objetos. Espacio doméstico y cultura material en la Zaragoza de la primera mitad del Siglo XVIII, Zaragoza, 2005. Abad Zardoya 2009 Carmen Abad Zardoya, ‘ Por el bien y beneficios que de su mano hemos recibido: estudio documental de una donación de bienes muebles hecha por Tomás de Borja a su sobrino el duque de Lerma en 1608’ in Artigrama, no. 24, 2009, pp. 341-71. Addis 1970 John M. Addis, ‘Chinese Porcelain Found in the Philippines’, in Transactions of the Oriental Ceramic Society, vol. 37, 1970, pp. 17–36. Adhyatman and Ridho1984 Sumarah Adhyatman and Abu Ridho, Tempayan Martavans in Indonesia, Jakarta, 1984. (2nd ed.) Adhyatman 1987 Sumarah Adhyatman, Kendi, Jakarta, 1987. Adhyatman 1999 Sumarah Adhyatman, Zhangzhou (Swatow) Ceramics: Sixteenth to Seventeenth Centuries found in Indonesia, Jakarta, 1999. Aguado de los Reyes 1994 Jesús Aguado de los Reyes, Riqueza y Sociedad en la Sevilla del Siglo XVII, Seville, 1994. Aguado de los Reyes 1996 Jesús Aguado de los Reyes, Fortuna y miseria en la Sevilla del siglo XVII, Seville, 1996.
    [Show full text]
  • Leeds Arts Calendar LEEDS ARTS CALENDAR MICROFILMED Starting with the First Issue Published in 1947, the Entire Leeds Art Calendar Is Now Available on Micro- Film
    Leeds Arts Calendar LEEDS ARTS CALENDAR MICROFILMED Starting with the first issue published in 1947, the entire Leeds Art Calendar is now available on micro- film. Write for information or send orders direct to: University Microfilms, Inc., 300N Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106, U.S.A. Leeds Art Collections Fund This is an appeal to all who are interested in the Arts. The Leeds Art Collections Fund is the source of regular funds for buying works of art for the Leeds collection. We want more subscribing members to give one and a half guineas or upwards each year. Why not identify yourself with the Art Gallery and Temple Newsam; receive your Arts Calendar free, receive invitations to all functions, private views and organised visits to places ot Cover Design interest, by writing for an application form to the Detail of a Staffordshire salt-glaze stoneware mug Hon Treasurer, E. M. Arnold Butterley Street, Leeds 10 with "Scratch Blue" decoration of a cattle auction Esq., scene; inscribed "John Cope 1749 Hear goes". From the Hollings Collection, Leeds. LEEDS ARTS CALENDAR No. 67 1970 THE AMENITIES COMMITTEE The Lord Mayor Alderman J. T. V. Watson, t.t..s (Chairman) Alderman T. W. Kirkby Contents Alderman A. S. Pedley, D.p.c. Alderman S. Symmonds Councillor P. N. H. Clokie Councillor R. I. Ellis, A.R.A.M. Councillor H. Farrell Editorial 2 J. Councillor Mrs. E. Haughton Councillor Mrs. Collector's Notebook D. E. Jenkins A Leeds 4 Councillor Mrs. A. Malcolm Councillor Miss C. A. Mathers Some Trifles from Leeds 12 Councillor D.
    [Show full text]
  • CERAMICS MONTHLY a Letter from the Editor
    lili.~o;.; ...... "~,~ I~,~.'il;:---.-::::~ ! 1 ~li~'. " " " -"-- :" ' " " ~ ''~: P #~" ...................... ~.c .~ ~7',.~,c-" =---.......... ,.,_,. ~-,~ !,' .......... i."' "~"" ~' ...... !I "'" ~ r~P.tfi.~. ......"-~ .............~:- - -~-~:==-.- .,,,~4~i t,_,i..... ,; ................... ~,~ ,~.i~'~ ..... -. ~,'...;;,. :,,,~.... ..... , , . ,¶~ ~'~ .... ...... i.,>-- ,,~ ........... ., ~ ~...... ~. ~' i .,.... .i .. - i .,.it ....... ~-i ;~ "~" o.., I llili'i~'lii llilillli'l " "" ............... i ill '~l It qL[~ ,, ,q ...... ..... .i~! 'l • IN ~, L'.,.-~':';" ............. ........ 'i'.~'~ ......... ~':',q. ~....~ • ~.,i ................... dl ..... i~,%,...;,, ......................... Ill ltj'llll 1". ........ : ...... " - "- ~1 ~,~.,.--..• ~:I,'.s ...... .................... I' '#~'~ .......................... ~; ~"" .. • .,:,.. _., I;.~P~,,,,...-...,,,.,l.,. ........,..._ .~ -.. ,,~l."'~ ........ ,~ ~,~'~'i '.. .................. ....... -,- l'..~ .......... .,.,.,,........... r4" ...." ' ~'~'"" -'- ~i i~,~'- ~>'- i ill. ....................... ,'., i,'; "" " ........ " • . it, 1 ~,:. i ~1' ~ ~'$~'~-,~,s',il~.;;;:.;' - " ~!'~~!" "4"' '~ "~'" "" I I~i', ~l~ I,J ..v ~,J ,.,, ,., i o. ~.. pj~ ~. ....... yit .~,,. .......... :,~ ,,~ t; .... ~ | I ~li~,. ,~ i'..~.. ~.. .... I TL-8, Ins Economical Chamber TOP-LOADING $14715 high f.o. bus, cra ELECTRIKILNS py .... ter Save your time . cut power costs! These ElectriKilns are de- signed for the special needs of hobbyist and teacher. Fast-firing up to 2300 ° F .... heat-saving . low
    [Show full text]
  • The History of Transport Systems in the UK
    The history of transport systems in the UK Future of Mobility: Evidence Review Foresight, Government Office for Science The history of transport systems in the UK Professor Simon Gunn Centre for Urban History, University of Leicester December 2018 Acknowledgements I would like to thank Dr Aaron Andrews for his help with the research for this review, especially for creating the graphs, and Georgina Lockton for editing. The review has benefited from the input of an Advisory Group consisting of Professor Colin Divall (University of York); Professor Gordon Pirie (University of Cape Town); Professor Colin Pooley (Lancaster University); Professor Geoff Vigar (University of Newcastle). I thank them all for taking time to read the review at short notice and enabling me to draw on their specialist expertise. Any errors remaining are, of course, mine. This review has been commissioned as part of the UK government’s Foresight Future of Mobility project. The views expressed are those of the author and do not represent those of any government or organisation. This document is not a statement of government policy. This report has an information cut-off date of February 2018. The history of transport systems in the UK Executive summary The purpose of this review is to summarise the major changes affecting transport systems in the UK over the last 100 years. It is designed to enable the Foresight team to bring relevant historical knowledge to bear on the future of transport and mobility. The review analyses four aspects of transport and mobility across the twentieth century. The first section identifies significant points of change in the main transport modes.
    [Show full text]
  • Antiques-February-1990-Victorian-Majolica.Pdf
    if It1ud!!&/ ';"(* ./J1!11L. /,0t£~ltldtiJlR~~~rf;t;t r{/'~dff;z, f!71/#/~i' 4 . !(Jf~f{ltiJ(/dwc.e. dJ /¥ C\-Cit!Ja? /Hc a4 ~- t1 . I. le/. {./ ,...."".. //,; J.(f)':J{"&Tf ,4.~'.£1//,/1;"~._L~ • ~. ~~f tn.~! .....•. ... PL IL Baseball and Soccer pitcher made by Griffen, Smith and Company, PllOeni;'Cville,Pennsylvania. c.1884. Impressed "GSH "in nlOnogram on the bottom. Height 8 inches. The Wedgwood pattern book illustration of the same design is shown in PL Ila. Karmason/Stacke collection; White photograph. PL /la. Design from one of the pattern books of Josiah Wedgwood and Sons, Barlaston, Stoke-on-Trent, England. Wedgwood Museum, Barlaston, Stoke-on-Trent, England. and Company, Josiah Wedgwood and Sons, and majolica.! New designs for majolica ceased to be made George Jones and Sons. From these books one be• in the early 1890's, and production of majolica ceased comes familiar with the style of the maker and comes early in this century. to appreciate the deliberate choice of details that gives The Minton shape books are valuable not only be• each piece its unity. cause they help date the first production of a piece but By 1836 Herbert Minton (1792- 1858) had succeed• also because they show the development of the eclectic ed his father, Thomas (1765-1836), the founder of the and revivalist styles used by Minton artists. The earli• prestigious Minton firm. In 1848 Joseph Leon Fran• est style used by the firm was inspired by Renaissance ~ois Arnoux (1816-1902) became Minton's art direc• majolica wares.Z Large cache pots, urns, and platters tor, chief chemist, and Herbert Minton's close col• were decorated with flower festoons, oak leaves, car• league.
    [Show full text]
  • Prostitution in Bristol and Nantes, 1750-1815: a Comparative Study
    Prostitution in Bristol and Nantes, 1750-1815: A comparative study Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor in Philosophy at the University of Leicester Marion Pluskota Centre for Urban History University of Leicester July 2011 Abstract This thesis is centred on prostitution in Nantes and Bristol, two port cities in France and England, between 1750 and 1815. The objectives of this research are fourfold: first, to understand the socio-economic characteristics of prostitution in these two port cities. Secondly, it aims to identify the similarities and the differences between Nantes and Bristol in the treatment of prostitution and in the evolution of mentalités by highlighting the local responses to prostitution. The third objective is to analyse the network of prostitution, in other words the relations prostitutes had with their family, the tenants of public houses, the lodging-keepers and the agents of the law to demonstrate if the women were living in a state of dependency. Finally, the geography of prostitution and its evolution between 1750 and 1815 is studied and put into perspective with the socio- economic context of the different districts to explain the spatial distribution of prostitutes in these two port cities. The methodology used relies on a comparative approach based on a vast corpus of archives, which notably includes judicial archives and newspapers. Qualitative and quantitative research allows the construction of relational databases, which highlight similar patterns of prostitution in both cities. When data is missing and a strict comparison between Nantes and Bristol is made impossible, extrapolations and comparisons with studies on different cities are used to draw subsequent conclusions.
    [Show full text]
  • The Development of the Railway Network in Britain 1825-19111 Leigh Shaw-Taylor and Xuesheng You 1
    The development of the railway network in Britain 1825-19111 Leigh Shaw-Taylor and Xuesheng You 1. Introduction This chapter describes the development of the British railway network during the nineteenth century and indicates some of its effects. It is intended to be a general introduction to the subject and takes advantage of new GIS (Geographical Information System) maps to chart the development of the railway network over time much more accurately and completely than has hitherto been possible. The GIS dataset stems from collaboration by researchers at the University of Cambridge and a Spanish team, led by Professor Jordi Marti-Henneberg, at the University of Lleida. Our GIS dataset derives ultimately from the late Michael Cobb’s definitive work ‘The Railways of Great Britain. A Historical Atlas’. Our account of the development of the British railway system makes no pretence at originality, but the chapter does present some new findings on the economic impact of the railways that results from a project at the University of Cambridge in collaboration with Professor Dan Bogart at the University of California at Irvine.2 Data on railway developments in Scotland are included but we do not discuss these in depth as they fell outside the geographical scope of the research project that underpins this chapter. Also, we focus on the period up to 1911, when the railway network grew close to its maximal extent, because this was the end date of our research project. The organisation of the chapter is as follows. The next section describes the key characteristics of the British transport system before the coming of the railways in the nineteenth century.
    [Show full text]
  • Marit Herit Resource Pack.Indd
    Stories of the Severn Sea A Maritime Heritage Education Resource Pack for Teachers and Pupils of Key Stage 3 History Contents Page Foreword 3 Introduction 4 1. Smuggling 9 2. Piracy 15 3. Port Development 22 4. Immigration and Emigration 34 5. Shipwrecks and Preservation 41 6. Life and Work 49 7. Further Reading 56 3 Foreword The Bristol Channel was for many centuries one of the most important waterways of the World. Its ports had important trading connections with areas on every continent. Bristol, a well-established medieval port, grew rich on the expansion of the British Empire from the seventeenth century onwards, including the profits of the slave trade. The insatiable demand for Welsh steam coal in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries gave the ports of south Wales an importance in global energy supplies comparable to that of the Persian Gulf ports today. There was also much maritime activity within the confines of the Channel itself, with small sailing vessels coming to south Wales from Devon and Somerset to load coal and limestone, pilot cutters sailing out to meet incoming vessels and paddle steamers taking Bristolians and Cardiffians alike for a day out in the bracing breezes of the Severn Sea. By today, most of this activity has disappeared, and the sea and its trade no longer play such an integral part in the commercial activity of places such as Bristol and Cardiff. Indeed, it is likely that more people now go out on the Severn Sea for pleasure rather than for profit. We cannot and must not forget, however, that the sea has shaped our past, and knowing about, and understanding that process should be the birthright of every child who lives along the Bristol Channel today – on whichever side! That is why I welcome this pioneering resource pack, and I hope that it will find widespread use in schools throughout the area.
    [Show full text]