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3Rd International Language, Culture & Literature Symposium June 15-16 3rd International Language, Culture & Literature Symposium June 15-16, 2017 Akdeniz University Faculty of Letters Department of English Language & Literature Editor: Prof. Dr. Arda ARIKAN ISBN: 978-605-84052-4-0 NOVEMBER 2017 ANTALYA/TURKEY 3rd International Language, Culture & Literature Symposium June 15-16, 2017 Akdeniz University Faculty of Letters Department of English Language & Literature Honorary Chair (Onursal Başkan) Prof. Dr. Mustafa ÜNAL, Rector, Akdeniz University, TURKEY Honorary Chair of the Organizing Committee (Organizasyon Komitesi Onursal Başkanı) Prof. Dr. Yıldıray ÖZBEK, Akdeniz University, TURKEY Organizing Committee (Düzenleme Kurulu) Prof. Dr. Arda ARIKAN, Akdeniz University, TURKEY (Chair) Asst. Prof. Dr. Emine ŞENTÜRK, Akdeniz University, TURKEY Asst. Prof. Dr. Orkun KOCABIYIK, Akdeniz University, TURKEY Asst. Prof. Dr. H. Sezgi SARAÇ, Akdeniz University, TURKEY Asst. Prof. Dr. Ersen VURAL, Akdeniz University, TURKEY Burak YİĞİT, Akdeniz University, TURKEY M. Galip ZORBA, Akdeniz University, TURKEY Alaattin YÜCEL, Akdeniz University, TURKEY Scientific Committee (Bilim ve Hakem Kurulu) Bugrahan YALVAÇ, Texas A&M University, USA Celeste SIMÕES, Technical University of Lisbon, PORTUGAL Dea MUSKHELISHVILI, Tbilisi State University, GEORGIA Gökhan Veli KÖKTÜRK, Akdeniz University, TURKEY İhsan BULUT, Akdeniz University, TURKEY Jeffrey LIEW, Texas A&M University, USA Jesús VARELA ZAPATA, Santiago de Compostela University, SPAIN Kornelia HAHN, University of Salzburg, AUSTRIA Lourdes D. SOTO, University of Texas, USA Maurita Murphy MARX, University of Iowa, USA Mehmet TAKKAÇ, Atatürk University, TURKEY Mihai COSOVEANU, University of Craiova, ROMANIA Neelakshi C. PREMAWARDHENA, University of Kelaniya, SRI LANKA Nurten BİRLİK, METU, TURKEY Seda BAYRAKTAR, Akdeniz University, TURKEY Serra DURUGÖNÜL, Mersin University, TURKEY Shira KOREN, Bar Ilan University, ISRAEL Tanfer EMİN TUNÇ, Hacettepe University, TURKEY Staff (Emek Verenler) Hünkâr BALYEMEZ, Akdeniz University, TURKEY Feyza Nur BİLGİN, Akdeniz University, TURKEY İrem FİDANCI, Akdeniz University, TURKEY Cenk TAKIM, Akdeniz University, TURKEY Veli Furkan TÜRKOĞLU, Akdeniz University, TURKEY CONTENTS/İÇİNDEKİLER Alfabe Değişimi Tartışmaları Çerçevesinde Tahsin Ömer'in "İlmî Ve Tarihî Esaslara Nazaran Harflerimiz Latin Harflerinin Aynıdır" Adlı Çalışması Ali CİN (1-25) Temettuat Kayıtlarına Göre Selanik Şehrinde Kimlikler Diren ÇAKILCI (26-38) Kadının Toplumsal Kimliği ve Esnek Çalışma Esin YÜCEL (39-49) İspanya ve Latin Amerika Yazınlarında Kimlik Değişimi: Darío ve Neruda Zeynep ÖNAL (50-59) Kültürel Miras Aktarıcısı Posta Pullarını Ulusal Kimlik Bağlamında Okumak Pınar KASAPOĞLU AKYOL (60-77) Benito Pérez Galdós’un Electra Adlı Yapıtında Kadın Kimliği Leman GÜRLEK (78-84) Language in -Use as an Index of Socio-psychologic Identity: Pygmalion by Shaw Ömer ŞEKERCİ (85-93) The Protagonist Stuck Between Masculinity and Femininity in Philip Roth’s Sabbath’s Theater Faruk KALAY (94-99) Yemek ve Kimlik İlişkisi: Avcı-Toplayıcılıktan Günümüze «Beslenme»nin Dönüşümü Melike KAPLAN (100-104) Öğrencilere Kazandırabileceği Değerler Açısından Neden Böyle Hikâyeleri Mehmet Galip ZORBA (105-117) Theatre in Education in Teaching English as a Foreign Language: A Phenomenological Study Özgehan UŞTUK (118-130) The Complexity of Identity and Feminist Solidarity Efpraxia NERANTZAKI (131-139) An Oblique Quest: Love and Identity Relationship in Philip Roth’s Goodbye, Columbus Şenol BEZCİ (140-149) Identity as a Rule and Novel without Law Óscar LÓPEZ-IBARRA (150-162) Narratives of Women’s Identities in the Detective Stories by Arthur Canon Doyle and Kido Okamoto Feryal CUBUKCU (163-171) Mimic Identity and its Strategical Use in George Orwell’s Burmese Days Merve AYDOĞDU ÇELİK (172-180) An Evaluation of MA Theses Completed on TBLT in Turkey since 2000 Mustafa ŞEVİK & Ayşe Dudu Kayacan (181-190) Be-long-ings versus Identities: A Reflection on the Theoretical and Methodological Prospects of the Two Concepts from a Sociological Point of View Özgür BAL (191-204) How Black is the Blackbird or Intricacies of Madame Merle’s Identity Şule Karadayı & Beture Memmedova (205-219) Akdeniz Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi İngiliz Dili ve Edebiyatı Bölümü III. Uluslararası Dil, Kültür ve Edebiyat Sempozyumu Alfabe Değişimi Tartışmaları Çerçevesinde Tahsin Ömer'in "İlmî Ve Tarihî Esaslara Nazaran Harflerimiz Latin Harflerinin Aynıdır" Adlı Çalışması Ali CİN, Akdeniz Üniversitesi e-mail: [email protected] Özet Türkçenin yazı ile buluşması, bilindiği gibi, milattan önceki yıllara dayanmaktadır. Türkler, bu dönemden itibaren, yaklaşık beş milyon kilometre karelik bir alanda, değişik kültür, medeniyet ve dinlerle karşılaşmış, eşyanın tabiatına uygun olarak, karşılaşılan bu kültürlerle etkileşim içerisine girmiştir. 19. yüzyılda, özellikle dil ve alfabe konularında bir takım tartışmaların yapıldığı bilinmektedir. Bu tartışmalar, dil konusunda, “Osmanlıca”, “lisan-ı Osmanî”, “Lisan-ı Türkî", “Türkçe ve Türkçenin sadeleştirilmesi”, “Türkçede kullanılan Arapça ve Farsça tamlamalar ve anlamı bilinmeyen kelimelerinin kullanımından vazgeçilmesi vb.” başlıklarında olurken, alfabe konusunda ise “kullandığımız Arap alfabesinin harflerinin Türkçeyi kullanmaktaki yetersizliği”, “benzer seslerin birden fazla harfle yazılması”, “harflerin bitişken olması vb.” gibi hususlardan oluşmaktaydı. Osmanlıda alfabe tartışmaları, Arap harflerinin Türkçeyi ifade etmekte yetersiz kaldığını ilk kez dile getiren Münif Paşa'nın Cemiyet-i İlmiye-yi Osmaniye'de yaptığı bir konuşma ile başlar. Konu yaklaşık 75-80 yıl boyunca gazetelerden, bilim adamına, askerlerden sivil idarecilere kadar birçok meslek mensubu tarafından gerek bilimsel çerçevede, gerekse siyasî alanda birçok kez tartışılmıştır. Alfabe değişimine taraftar olanlar kadar, şiddetle karşı çıkanlar da vardır. Her iki kesim de iddialarını ispata yönelik çeşitli yayınlar yapmıştır. Bu tartışmalarda alfabe değişiminden yana olanlardan biri de Tahsin Ömer'dir. Söz konusu çalışmada Tahsin Ömer 'in İlmî ve Tarihî Esaslara Nazaran Harflerimiz Latin Harflerinin Aynıdır adlı çalışmasının alfabe tartışmaları içerisindeki yeri ele alınacaktır. Anahtar Sözcükler: Türkçe, Tahsin Ömer, Alfabe Tartışmaları, Latin alfabesi, Arap Alfabesi Giriş Alfabe konusu, 19. yüzyılın en önemli teknolojik gelişmesi olan telgrafın Osmanlı Devleti’nde 1855 yılından itibaren kullanılmaya başlanması ile yüz yüze gelinen zorunlu bir sorun olarak karşımıza çıkar. Ancak bu zorunlu sorun, Lâtin alfabesine dayalı Türkçe Mors alfabesi ile çözülmüştür. Telgraf dilinin Lâtin harflerine dayanmış olması, Osmanlı aydınının bu alfabeye yakınlaşmasını sağlamıştır. Osmanlıda alfabe tartışması, Arap harflerinin Türkçeyi ifade etmekte yetersiz kaldığını ilk kez ifade eden Münif Paşa'nın Cemiyet-i İlmiye-yi Osmaniye'de yaptığı bir konuşma ile başlar. (Tansel 1953:223) Münif Paşa alfabemizi ıslah etmek düşüncesiyle bazı fikirler öne sürer. Münif Paşa, problemlerin çözümü için iki öneri sunar: Birincisi 1 Akdeniz Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi İngiliz Dili ve Edebiyatı Bölümü III. Uluslararası Dil, Kültür ve Edebiyat Sempozyumu alfabenin kolayca okunabilmesi için harflerin üzerine yeni işaretler konulmalıdır. İkincisi ise, alfabede sesli harfler bulunmalı ve harfler birbirinden ayrı yazılmalıdır. Yine bu dönem aydınlarından Mirza Feth Ali, 1863 yılında Arap harflerinin ıslahı konusunda, yazı yazmayı kolaylaştırmak için harflerin üzerindeki noktaların kaldırılmasını ve kavuşturma işaretinin kullanılması, doğru okumayı sağlayabilmek için yeni harekelerin oluşturulmasını ve yeni harekelerin ecnebi milletlerin yazılarında olduğu gibi harf sırasında yazılması önerilerini sunar (Erat, 2002). Dönemin aydınlarından Ali Suavi, Arap harflerinin değiştirilmesine karşı çıkarken, mevcut alfabenin eksik olan harf ve harekeleri için yeni işaretler icat edilmesini ve bu işaretleri de hareke gibi harflerin üzerine yazmayı teklif eder (Erat, 2002). Namık Kemal, harflerin değiştirilmesi durumunda gelecek yıllarda hiç kimsenin var olan kitapları okuyamayacağı düşüncesiyle alfabe değişikliğine şiddetle karşı çıkarak fikrini "yazıyı ıslah etmek için Latin harflerini kabul etmenin, Frenk elbisesi giyerek ülkenin düzeleceğini zannetmenin" aynı şey olduğunu söyler (Tansel, 240). Arap harflerinin yerine Latin harflerinin kullanılmasını tavsiye edenlerin "Frenk mukallitleri" olduğunu söyleyen Ebuzziya Tevfik, alfabe değişikliğine karşı çıkarken harflerin azlığının ya da çokluğunun eğitimde ilerlemeye mani olmadığını, geri kalmanın sebebinin eğitim sisteminin yetersizliğinden kaynaklandığını, Arap harflerinin değiştirilmesinin bin yıldan beri meydana getirilen eserleri yeni harflere çevirmek gibi bir zorunluluğu doğuracağını, bunun da imkansız olduğunu söyler (Erat, 2002). II. Meşrutiyet Dönemi Alfabe tartışmalarında ikinci dönem Meşrutiyet Dönemi'dir. II. Meşrutiyetin ilanından sonra, Osmanlıda oluşan fikrî serbestlik, her türlü matbuatta kendini göstermiştir. İkinci Meşrutiyet dönemi alfabe tartışmaları, bir taraftan mevcut alfabenin kullanımı ya da alfabenin ıslahı yönünde ilerilerken, diğer taraftan mevcut alfabenin değiştirilmesi şeklinde devam etmiştir. II. Meşrutiyet döneminde alfabe tartışmaları, Arap harflerinin ıslahı için yapılan çalışmalarla devam eder. Milaslı Doktor İsmail Hakkı, Cihangirli M. Şinasi, İsmail Hakkı Baltacıoğlu, Ali Nusret ve Hüseyin Avni Türkçeyi "hurûf-ı munfasıla" ile yani yazıda harflerin ayrı yazılarak kullanılmasının önemi üzerinde durarak dilin kolay ve yazılıp okunması için tek çarenin bu olduğunu savunur.
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