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P Aeen LIBERAAL PROJECT UN PROJET LIBERAL EUROPA Visionaire toespraken over Europa Visionaire Dit boek bundelt 25 toespraken en teksten van visionaire, Belgische liberalen over Europa. Het bestrijkt de belangrijkste fasen e u r o van de Europese integratie, gaande van een liberaal project het prille begin tot de verdere uitbouw, en EEN LIBERAAL eindigt met enkele open vragen over welk PROJECT Europa we in de toekomst willen. Alle toespraken en teksten werden opgenomen in hun oorspronkelijke taal. Europa: een Visionaire toespraken liberaal project is een gezamenlijk project van Prometheus en over Europa Centre Jean Gol, de kenniscentra van Open Vld en MR. Het p a kon rekenen op de steun van het European Liberal Forum. Ce livre rassemble 25 textes et discours émanant de libéraux belges porteur d’une vision pour l’Europe. Il couvre les principales étapes de l’intégration européenne, du tout début EUROPE jusqu’aux développements actuels, et se termine par quelques sur l’Europe Discours visionnaires questions ouvertes sur le type d’Europe que nous voulons avoir à l’avenir. Tous les textes et discours ont été présentés dans leur langue originale. Europe, un projet libéral est le fruit d’un projet conjoint de Prometheus et du Centre Jean Gol, les un projet liberal e u r o centres d’études de l’Open Vld et du Mouvement Réformateur (MR). Il pouvait compter sur le soutien de l’European Liberal UN PROJET Forum. LIBERAL Discours visionnaires p e sur l’Europe PROM ETHE LIBERAAL KENNIS ISBN 978 90 5487 539 0 US CENTRUM EUROPE EEN LIBERAAL PROJECT Visionaire toespraken over Europa EUROPE UN PROJET LIBERAL Discours visionnaires sur l’Europe INHOUDSTAFEL/INDEX Voorwoord 7 Avant-propos 9 Historische inleiding 11 Introduction historique 15 Auteurs 19 Teksten en toespraken / Textes et discours 25 1 L’Union Européenne (Hymans, 1930) 26 2 Les libéraux à l’assemblée consultative de Strasbourg (Motz, 1949) 39 3 De politieke eenmaking van Europa (Lenain, 1952) 43 4 Où va l’Europe? (Van Offelen, 1963) 63 5 De la politique régionale et de l’élargissement (Rey, 1968) 74 6 Vrijheid en vooruitgang voor Europa (De Clercq, 1979) 83 Omslagontwerp: Prometheus, Liberaal Kennis Centrum 7 Je voudrais vous dire ce que je crois (Rey, 1982) 87 Boekverzorging: Prometheus, Liberaal Kennis Centrum Druk: De Persgroep Publishing nv Beeld omslag uit het boek: J. C. Andrä: “Griechische Heldensagen für die 8 L’originalité libérale au niveau européen (Gol, 1988) 91 Jugend bearbeitet”. Berlin: Verlag von Neufeld & Henius, 1902 © Prometheus, Liberaal Kennis Centrum 9 Europa quo vadis? (De Clercq, 1989) 96 © 2009 European Liberal Forum asbl - Brussels This publication is funded by the European Parliament 10 Europe after the collapse of the Wall (Duquesne, 1990) 114 ISBN 978 90 5487 539 0 NUR 740 / 754 / 697 11 Pour une Europe libérale (Gol, 1994) 124 Wettelijk depot D/2008/11.161/083 12 “Maastricht” vanuit het Europees Parlement bekeken (Neyts, 1995) 134 This publication may only be reproduced stored or transmitted in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the publisher. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside these terms should be sent to the European 13 L’Europe et ses frontières (De Decker, 2001) 140 Liberal Forum asbl, email: [email protected]. 14 Montesquieu en de Europese Unie (Verhofstadt, 2002) 146 Voorwoord 15 The new European Constitution, from Laeken to Rome (Verhofstadt, 2003) 165 Zonder aarzelen mogen we de Europese eenmaking het meest succesvolle politieke project noemen van de voorbije 16 La politique européenne de sécurité et de défense (De Decker, 2003) 178 eeuw en wellicht zelfs van de geschiedenis. Het Europese 17 De vier vrijheden en de rol van de EU in de wereldpolitiek (Neyts, 2004) 188 project werd van bij de start, het Verdrag van Rome in 18 Je wint het debat met concrete resultaten (De Gucht, 2005) 193 1957, de motor van de verspreiding van vrede, democratie 19 Un nouveau contrat pour l’Europe (Michel, 2005) 214 en welvaart over het hele continent. Eeuwige vijanden werden partners in vrede. Arme dictaturen werden 20 De Verenigde Staten van Europa (Verhofstadt, 2006) 224 welvarende democratieën. Gesloten politiestaten werden 21 Europe-Afrique : l’indispensable partenariat (Michel, 2007) 234 open samenlevingen. En dat alles op vrijwillige basis. De 22 Towards a Union that is fit for the Global Era (De Gucht, 2007) 247 oude droom van Europese schrijvers, intellectuelen en 23 The role of the liberal movement in European cooperation (Neyts, 2008) 258 kunstenaars werd zo een politieke realiteit. 24 Pour le meilleur de l’Europe et de la mondialisation (Reynders, 2007) 262 De Europese eenmaking is bovenal een liberaal project. 25 Op zoek naar een nieuw model voor Europa (Verhofstadt, 2006) 269 De centrale ideeën van het liberale gedachtegoed – democratie, welvaart door een gecorrigeerde vrije markt, “the rule of law” en de open samenleving – zijn tevens die van de Europese Unie. Bovendien is niets beter merkbaar voor de Europese burger dan het vrij verkeer van mensen, goederen en kapitaal. Samen met de euro is het wegvallen van de grenzen (en de grenscontroles) voor Europeanen het meest symbolische succes van de Europese eenmaking. In het proces van de Europese integratie gebeurt evenwel weinig tot niets vanzelf. Elke stap vooruit was onmogelijk 7 Avant-propos Nous pouvons sans hésiter affirmer que la construction zonder de grote visie van Europese staatslieden. Daar européenne a été le projet politique le plus couronné wordt soms te weinig aandacht aan besteed, en onterecht de succès du siècle dernier et peut-être même de toute te weinig belang aan gehecht. En het is net dat belang l’histoire. Le projet européen fut, dès ses débuts – le Traité van visie dat we met dit boek willen naar voor brengen. de Rome de 1957 – le moteur de l’extension de la paix, de Daarom hebben we grote toespraken van visionaire la démocratie et de la prospérité à travers l’ensemble du liberalen gebundeld. Het zijn toespraken waarvan de continent européen. Des ennemis séculaires sont devenus impact op het succes van het Europese project geenszins des partenaires paisibles. Des dictatures pauvres sont onderschat kan worden. Het zijn ten slotte toespraken van devenues des démocraties prospères. Des Etats policiers liberale politici die in de Europese eenmaking hun sporen refermés sur eux-mêmes se sont ouverts aux autres. Et hebben verdiend. tout cela volontairement. Le vieux rêve des écrivains, des artistes et des intellectuels en général est donc devenu une Wij wensen dan ook iedereen veel inspiratie bij het réalité politique. lezen van dit boek, waarbij op elke pagina meer en meer duidelijk wordt dat Europa een liberaal project is. La construction européenne est avant tout un projet Koert Debeuf, libéral. Les idées au coeur de la pensée libérale – la Directeur Prometheus démocratie, la prospérité suscitée par un marché libre Arthur Bodson, régulé, « the rule of law » et l’ouverture sur le monde, Gedelegeerd bestuurder Centre Jean Gol sont aussi celles de l’Union Européenne. Qui plus est, le citoyen européen assiste à la libre circulation des personnes, des biens et des capitaux. A ses yeux, avec la création de l’Euro, la disparition des frontières (et des contrôles douaniers) constitue le succès le plus symbolique de la construction européenne. 8 9 HISTORISCHE INLEIDING De intra-Europese dynamiek om tot een vereniging van de con- Dans le cadre du processus d’intégration européenne tinentale staten te komen is al aanwezig voor de oprichting van cependant rien ou très peu ne s’est fait naturellement. de EGKS. De talloze onderlinge oorlogen tasten immers de slag- Toutes les étapes franchies n’auraient pu l’être si les Etats kracht van het continent aan. Enkel door het overdragen van de Européens n’avaient développé une vision prospective. soevereiniteit van de nationale staten naar een bovenstatelijk or- gaan kunnen verdere conflicten in de toekomst vermeden wor- On s’est parfois trop peu investi dans celle-ci et, parfois, den. Al in de 18e eeuw verdedigen mensen als Saint-Pierre, Saint- on lui a accordé trop peu d’intérêt. C’est précisément Simon en Immanuel Kant deze mening. Terwijl Saint-Pierre en l’importance de cette vision que nous voulons mettre Saint-Simon oproepen tot het vormen van een Europese Confe- en avant à travers ce livre. C’est pourquoi nous avons derale Bond, gaat Kant nog verder wanneer hij in 1795 pleit voor de installatie van een volwaardige Europese Federatie. Graaf Cou- rassemblé quelques grands discours de libéraux que l’on denhove-Kalergi bundelt na de Eerste Wereldoorlog deze gedach- peut qualifier de visionnaires. Il s’agit de discours dont ten in zijn succesvolle boek ‘Pan-Europa’’. Op die basis wordt l’impact sur le succès du projet européen ne peut être de Europese Eenheidsbeweging gesticht in 1922. Aanvankelijk sous-estimé. Il s’agit, par ailleurs, de discours d’hommes geeft men hier veel navolging aan. Het hoogtepunt is ongetwij- feld de toespraak van Aristide Briand voor de Vergadering van politiques libéraux qui ont gagné leurs galons dans le de Volkenbond. In 1929 stelt de toenmalige Franse minister van cadre de la construction européenne. Buitenlandse Zaken er de oprichting van een ‘Verenigd Federaal Europa’ voor. Nous souhaitons aussi à chacun et chacune beaucoup Na de Tweede Wereldoorlog komt er een nieuwe poging tot een- d’inspiration après la lecture de ce livre, dans lequel, page making. Zo wordt in 1948, tijdens het Congres van Den Haag de Raad van Europa opgericht. Deze conferentie komt er op initia- après page, il est clairement démontré que l’Europe est un tief van Winston Churchill, die enige tijd ervoor het idee van een projet libéral. ‘Verenigde Staten van Europa’ had gelanceerd. Koert Debeuf, Uiteindelijk krijgt deze overtuiging pas in 1950 via het Schuman- Directeur Prometheus plan vorm.
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