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Contents R.N. Diving Magazine Vol. 12 Winter 1965 No. 3 PAGE EDITOR'S NOTES . . 3 EDITORIAL STAFF Editor P.O. R. NEAVE LET'S GET WITH IT-2 . 4 Treasurer . . S/LT. J. E. THOMPSON H.M.S. "RHYL" . 8 EDITOR'S NOTES WHAT THE SAPPERS REALLY DO 9 IRSTLY, on behalf of the DIVING IN THE FAR EAST—H.M.S. "LOCH KILLISPORT" 13 Magazine staff I would like Fto take this opportunity of SEALAB II INTRODUCTION 15 wishing all our readers the best of seasonal greetings for 1965-1966. HONEYMOON PATROL 17 On behalf of the Magazine and its readers I would like to extend UNDERWATER ESCAPE FROM AIRCRAFT—TRIALS 21 our thanks and appreciation to S.-Lt. P. R. Park for his efforts DIVING WITH H.M.S. "LION" . . 25 over the past year as Treasurer, and to welcome S.-Lt. J. E. "TERROR" DIVING . . 27 Thompson into the vacated chair. S.-Lt. Park was drafted tempor- EFFICIENCY OF DIVERS BREATHING NEON OR HELIUM AT INCREASED arily to Aden for a couple of PRESSURES . . 28 months as B.M.D. Officer H.M.S. Sheba and at the time of writing, "CENTAUR" DIVING 34 will be shortly taking up his new appointment with the B.M.D. SUBMARINE ESCAPE TRIALS—PART II . 36 team at Plymouth, rendering safe `rouge"Oggies'. We wish him H.M.S. "REPULSE" 39 the best of luck! S.-Lt. Thompson has duly been issued with a green "FOLLOW ON TO" LIVING IN `SEALAB' II 41 eye shield, shirt sleeve bracelets and croupier's rake. EXPERIMENTS WITH CROCODILES 44 The Diving School in Vernon has again had a draft chit. The LETTERS TO THE EDITOR . . 45 last move was from the old Deepwater to this building and now we are OUR MAN NEAR HAVANA 47 shifting house again to the gound floor of Creasy West building. For those who have climbed the iron stairs outside the old offices and nearly suffered a STOP PRESS FROM F.E.C.D.T.—H.M.S. "TERROR" 50 heart attack in doing so will gain some consolation from this fact, if nothing else. THE RISING OF THE SUN . . . ITU . . 51 Sports wise we have acquitted ourselves quite well in Rubgy, Soccer and Volley Ball. It does not seem to be fashionable to run around with up-turned ANY MORE FOR THE "POT" 53 walking sticks anymore and unfortunately Hockey has not been played at all this season in the Division. NATIONAL SPORT DIVING CHAMPIONSHIPS 1965 55 Our congratulations to the team who represented the Division at the PROMOTIONS AND ADVANCEMENTS 56 B.S.A.C. underwater swimming championships held at Aldershot this year. They were placed first in the competition, having swam against some good opposition from the other B.S.A.C. clubs. 2 3 www.mcdoa.org.uk www.mcdoa.org.uk

Coming back to the old, old story, it is thanks to our writers of articles that we have again compiled a magazine that we hope is both varied and interesting in its coverage. However, we are still not receiving enough news A SINGLE ALLOTMENT from ships diving teams. The Regulating Chief Diver's crystal ball is working too much overtime on future drafting commitments, etc. to allow us any time WITH BERNARDS with it to see what you've been up to around the world. So once again please spare those few minutes of run ashore or diving time to write and let us know Bernards of Harwich provide a first-class Tailoring and Outfitting what you have been doing. It does not have to be a pure diving story; service for the Senior Service, whereby every Uniforms and Civilian yarns about how you and your best 'oppo' had a good run ashore and how he 'filled you in' are all good for a laugh. So how about it! clothing requirement may be met expeditiously. Additionally, there are many other Bernard Departments through Royal Naval Diving Crest. Over the past two or three years there has been which practically every need of the Serviceman and his family may growing interest in the creation of a crest for the Diving Branch in the R.N. be obtained, including : Fancy Goods, To get as many designs and ideas as possible it has been suggested that a competition should be run through the medium of this magazine. Therefore, Toys and Games, Clocks, Rings, Watches all readers, who are interested, should submit their designs, etc. to this and Jewellery, Cameras, and Cycles, address. The winning entry will be awarded a £5 prize. A board of judges Radio, Television and Record Players, will be set up in Vernon, Lt.-Cdr. Gillam, R.N. being the Chairman. The Electrical Equipment, Cutlery, Household Board's decision will be communicated through the magazine in a later and Nursery Furniture, Musical Instru- edition, their decision being final. There is no limitation to the number of ments, and Chocolate, Biscuit and Floral designs submitted by any one person, or the material used, though drawing cardboard or paper is suggested, in preference to dustbin lids or toilet walls, Bouquet Services. etc. So all you 'Arty' types with nothing to do and who fancy a chance at The Bernard Bulletin, and a Gift Cata- earning a tax free 'fiver', get your thinking caps on! logue are published to keep customers fully informed on prices, style trends, etc., while illustrated catalogues and leaflets on various items are freely available. Lets Get with It —2 Where preferred to paying cash, a Credit Account may be arranged for PPARENTLY my writing is so do, I came upon Lieutenant Comman- settlement by monthly Admiralty Allot- atrocious that even the Editor der J. Brookes (Ret'd.), who was en- ment, or Banker's Order and full details Acould not understand the last grossed in trying to make what I article. Consequently, the printed subsequently found to be a British of this facility will gladly be given on re- article was entitled 'Lets get on with Mk. 2 Chariot work. He found this quest at a branch or through Head Office. it,' and I swear that any similarity to vehicle under a coal heap at Dolphin, the original article was purely co- where it had been since the end of You really do BUY BETTER at BERNARDS incidental. However, I hope that you World War II, so its condition can received the main gist of the message. well be left to your imagination. Lets try again with the second The reason for unearthing this C. H. BERNARD & SONS LTD article, in which I hope to ride my craft was that Lieutenant Com- 8 Queen Street, Portsmouth Telephone 23535 favourite hobby horse, namely mander Brookes had been nominated `U/W Vehicles.' Before producing as Technical Advisor for a film on the Branches at : Chatham, Portland, Deal, Grimsby, Londonderry, Harwich, Helens- the meat however, I feel that a short life of Commander Cra bbe, called burgh, Dunfermline, Gibraltar, Valletta and Sliema, Malta, and at Lossiemouth history of U/W Vehicles, as it affected Arbroath, Brawdy, Culdrose, Yeovilton, Corsham, Lympstone, and H.M.S. Dolphin `Silent Enemy', in which three Italian and H.M.S. Pembroke. yours truly, would not come amiss. Chariots would lw required to be It all started in 1954, during the built and driven, Lieutenant Com- Officers' Shops at Portsmouth, Plymouth and Southampton Summer leave period as a matter of mander Brookes wished to use this Head Office: Anglia House, Harwich, Essex. Telephone Harwich 2281 fact, when I happened to be the Duty particular croft in order to train the Diving Officer, and, having little to lucky C.D.s who would he operating 4 5 www.mcdoa.org.uk www.mcdoa.org.uk these vehicles. To cut •a- long story They soon joined the fold and launch- gone ?' However there is a renewed (a) A submersible decompression short, I was the man on the spot, was ing ramps were completed for them interest at higher levels in the enor- chamber permanently attached most thoroughly trained, and became at Horsea Island. mous possibilities of these vehicles. and with access to a fanatic ever afterwards. How does The Mini sub then made its appear- In fact, as has always been appre- one explain the exhilaration of soar- ance. This one was hard work ciated by the enthusiasts, the re- (b) a compression chamber, pos- ing through the water with a large because it had to be tandem pedalled. quirements are now being clarified. sibly the existing ten man C.C., vehicle at finger tip control, of hover- Later still, C.D.'s could be seen U/W From being at a period similar to the also with access to ing in mid-water and of the feeling of in most peculiar positions as they days of the invention of the wheel accomplishment on surfacing at (c) a combined crew space/control drove their latest discovery, a ped- and thinking, 'How can we use this room. exactly the right spot, at the right alled propeller with a seat only, thing now that we have invented it ?' time after a long drive on the bottom which was stuck up I-don't know- its possibilities are now becoming (d) Fitted around this combination on just a compass, depth gauge and where by I don't know-what! clear. would be the engine room, watch ? From this it was an easy cylinders and batteries, which, step to get involved in the actual Various other contrivances made As I see it, there are two outstand- in these days, can be free construction and trials on the three their entrances at this time including ing and immediate requirements. flooding compartments. Italian craft. encased car batteries with propellers to tow divers and the Rebikhoff (e) To balance and control the On completion of the film these Pegasus vehicle, which was a real 1 A Deep Diving Submersible, whole, trim and compensating craft were given to the C.D.'s and, U/W fighter 'aircraft'. This could fly in which the divers can decompress tanks would be fitted. with the original British Mk. 2, upside down and loop the loop for- in comfort and safety, and which is formed a nucleus for a thriving little completely independent of surface The craft would be about the same set up at Horsea Island. Every spare ward as well as backward. It was bedlam at Horsea, but any C.D. who conditions, i.e. 'Four point moors' size and shape as the existing Deep moment was spent in inaintenance, and a Work-main-derrick by-hand' Diving Vessel, Trieste. driving and improving these craft, happened to be there, could savour the delights and be converted. mentality. the whole business being kept alive The whole craft would be capable on a shoe string. It was a short step This was the position before yours 2 A light, cheap, battery-driven of being used as a mobile observation from this to a discovery that nine truly went to the Med. What is the propulsion unit to work with mod- chamber at atmospheric pressure submersible canoes were still crated situation now ? It is, I am afraid, a ified light jackstay searching equip- until the divers are required to exit up at a machinery yard in Greenock. case of 'Where have all the Chariots ment, as the laying technique of this for work. Limited mobility would jackstay is now in excess of the speed be obtained by a battery driven and endurance of U/W swimmers. engine, capable of a maximum speed DEEP DIVING SUBMERSIBLE This propulsion unit could also be TESTED 3000 FT. Lenth 70 Ft. Width 16 Ft. of 5 knots for 24 hours running time. WORKING DEPTH 1500 . /110=*;4OCEEs Consort MINEHUNTER used as the 'maid of all work' in Vertical movement would be ob- SPEED MAX 5 CRUISE 34Kts. /MO P000 ZIPPER Comm. RADIO LINK RANGE 60 MILES. CONMIN6 general diving duties. tained by tanks operated by a pump, I A-2-wRs' C.C/02 GO Z PILTER, BA7TERY WM' the craft being guided to and from IIERT744L soN,AR SDC 02 RESEIT.110/R, .41/A751 IZESER.V0//2 I will deal with the Deep Diving the bottom by a winch wire. This EAI6/NE ROO Submersible first. Now that the 14;I /aCE then is the basic picture. (See sketch Deep Diving Trials Team have on p. 6). The 101 additional items PORRARO proved the feasibility of operating on 2/0A17- to make this a safe going concern Sat7R the Continental Shelf, the require- cannot, of course, be included in this At .47411 ment for a submersible is obvious, in article. IgI• v ii! fact I think, essential from the safety COMPS/14477N6 TAN PUMP (ALSO OP P- r. ' 4,47TERy COAL/ r point of view. I can forsee a very The envisaged swimmers propulsor 7"ELESCOP/C LE6S Air nasty situation in the event of a hard would be a comparatively simple NT. TELESCOPIC LEG CLOSED surface blow, with the S.D.C. down. thing. A car-type or silver-cell / iY/NCN %4A/E4 , zlawrsonAR CONTROL RM. /FOR /MO I What then are the basic require- battery, enclosed in a cylinder, & awe& 8,ofAA/ Arc 1 TELESCOPIC ments ? With further trials in mind, I would operate a motor driven pro- CONK/N6 PSN. 4— LEG OPEN Zy4.320 .aP MOO /N6 s,v,see Ar C.a. would say that a working depth of peller through a push button and have 1,500 feet would be a good beginning a life of 90 minutes at 1 knots. ------and the submersible should consist Divers could operate it on all jack-

TIDE • J14 basically of the following compart- stay searches. The main advantages, ments of course, would be to ;— 6 7 www.mcdoa.org.uk www.mcdoa.org.uk (a) Cut down divers fatigue. gauge and watch could be What the Sappers Really Do attached to the vehicle. (b) Assist in stemming tide. Here then is the case for the re- ROM reports in the press and greater degree of mobility over the (c) Extend the search area. introduction of submersibles. So articles in Diving Magazines I'm ground than in the past, and of (d) Overcome navigational U/W come on 'Lets Get With It.' Fsure most people have, by now, course, large concentrations at problems, as compass, depth JAE RAY. gained the impression that we spend bridging or rafting sites create ideal most of our time either breaking new targets. Amphibious vehicles that frontiers of science 6 foot under the can cross water obstacles relatively water, or searching for gold at the unaided are therefore appearing in a bottom of Roman wells! We there- variety of shapes and sizes. Some are fore thought the time had come to still in the development stage, while H.M.S. "Rhyl" rectify matters by disclosing what the others are already in service. These submerged Pongos at Marchwood vehicles either have their amphibious UR story starts with Rhyl in dry screaming from the boat deck really are up to. characteristics built into them, like dock at Portsmouth last Jan- `Lobsters' — but the poor man still 11 Traditional ly , the sappers have the Alvis Stalwart which requires no Ouary. The members of the diving starves. always been responsible for getting preparation before entering the water, team joined with the second phase on the Army across water obstacles. or they rely on simple, quick adap- the 7th. The first thing to do was to From Gib. through exercises we This used to—and still does—in- tations to turn them into a 'boat'. get the team working together and went to Rhodes where there was volve bridging and rafting operations. Other vehicles, such as heavy armour, this was achieved mainly at Horsea good diving and a few specimens of However, it has now become clear do not attempt the impossible but Island Lake in temperatures usually amphorae sherds were found. More that modern warfare demands a far `snorkel' along the bottom. below 40 degrees F. exercises followed and eventually, Malta, Naples and back to Malta for Our first laugh came when the a fortnights 'rest' (?) after all the Diving Officer — very safety con- exercises. It is hoped to arrange an scious — was nonchalantly walking expedition with the help of St. down the boat deck, swinging the 177 Angelo boat pool and the good `Safe to Transmit' key — then, auspices of the F.C.D.T. horrors — splash! — he dropped it! Luckily Rhyl was docking down Our commission was originally again. Divers were piped to muster phased MED./HOME, but, on sail- on the Q.D., gear was got ready and ing from Portsmouth, the Captain `Wally the Bats' (it's his feet you informed us that we were to do a know) wallowed on the bottom (in stint on the Far East Station. We his natural element) came up with are looking forward to the diving his toothless smile — and of course in those clear and warm waters. the key. To all you diving types. Gurgle Portland loomed near and spirits and (Hic!) cheers. dropped — the stories that get round! It wasn't so bad though — Rhyl Diving Team:— in fact, in a pleasant and humorous Lt.-Cdr. Powys-Maurice way [at times, the work-up for the Sub.-Lt. Self diving team did exactly what was Midshipman Broadhurst intended. We all learnt from our P.O.Wtr. Polkinghorne mistakes. P.O.EI. Abell September 13th saw Rhyl leaving L.M.(E) Amey harbour heading for the Med. At A.B. Walters Gib. we did a couple of dives, one R.O. 2 Deveney of them exped. Each time the team A.B. Hughes leave the Q.D. the Cox'n can be heard R.E. M. Boulton "Stalwart in Action" 8 9 www.mcdoa.org.uk www.mcdoa.org.uk In order for them to be used effec- It is extremely important that accur- tively various aids are required. ate work is obtained from the divers, Under this heading comes the diver, and there is no need to emphasise the who must assist the vehicles both difficulties encountered in currents before and during a crossing: before, that can reach 4 knots, and visibility CONROY LEWIS LTD by carrying out a reconnaissance of which is non-existent. New tech- the river, and during, by attending niques and tools have therefore to be to any vehicles in trouble. The produced, and we are very grateful to SURVEYS CRAFT reconnaissance of the crossing site the Admiralty Materials Laboratory CUTTING AVAILABLE must include the production of an who are helping in this work. accurate cross-section of the river There is another branch of the FITTED WITH bed, measurements of bank angles, Army which is also interested in BLASTING evaluation of the soil conditions on RADAR, underwater work. On July 15th the WELDING the river bed and the location of any Royal Corps of Transport will be ECHO SOUNDING obstacles. This then is our main task. formed out of the R.A.S.C., the CONSTRUCTION In addition, there are many attendant Transportation Branch of the Royal COMPRESSORS jobs in connection with the use of Engineers and other small elements DEMOLITION amphibious vehicles, plus of course, from other Corps. This new Corps ETC. the usual underwater searches, de- will be responsible for transport in MAINTENANCE 24 HR. SERVICE molitions, etc. the Army, including water transport. The natural habitat of the sub- It will therefore run a variety of craft UNDERWATER TELEVISION SERVICE mersible Sapper is therefore likely including the L.C.T. fleet. Divers to be the murky depths of muddy therefore come into their own in the rivers. This raises certain problems. ship's husbandry role with under- DIVING CONTRACTORS WORK CARRIED OUT IN ANY PART OF THE WORLD

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Stalwart with `spease board erected 10 11 www.mcdoa.org.uk we

Chopin,

could tow her off

in dry dock, show-

Chopin

Killisport

Eventually, after a terrific

While in Tawau we spent a few

—

Eventually the leakage was controlled

rivet holes. It must be appreciated

turned out to be a long job of ham- that for the whole period that the next moment, another would open wider and the plugs would fall out. own and hold. hold their own with so many leaks went down and commenced what we would wedge a plate and at the up or the just plugged would open found that the pumps were unable to mering in soft wood wedges into the the reef and escort her back to of soggy peanuts, inside a ship's ing to see a 'Dip Chick' break ship was on the reef, she was moving Tawau. surface through an almost solid mass around in a swell. So we found that amount of muscle work by one and so that the pumps could hold their more days plugging up more splits clear of peanuts. It was quite amus- all, the holds were cleared. We then in the ship's bottom. So the divers sprung plates, slits, and rivetless photos of period spent working on bottom. Eventually the Insurance During our Borneo patrols we always Borneo to Hong Kong. During the his men cement-boxed the double people gave her a clean bill of health Kong to refit. It was interesting on dived a total of 61 hours between us. and rivetless holes with soft wood and soft lead, while the chippy and and permitted her to proceed to Hong our next visit to Hong Kong to see after sailing from Tawau, North ing clearly the wedges still in place

13

Loch Killisport

which

as part of

Chopin

Chopin

H.M.S.

could attempt to tow her

months in the Far East, I find

OOKING back over our eighteen that although we four Ships

Our biggest and most interesting

Her forefoot had been bent into a

The first job was to get the two

Diving in the Far East

been interesting work. The pity is that many other jobs could have been our many N. Borneo patrol stints. oxygen depth. taken on, had we not been limited to We were sent to the assistance of the Chinese freighter M.V. fairly wide range, and has mainly the salvage team. On our first under Divers have not spent a terrific to be laying on four large mushroom- was high and dry on a coral reef in the Sulu Arch. On arrival, the ships water inspection run, we found her type pedestals of coral. diving we have done has covered a amount of time under pressure, what divers were sent to job came up last year during one of keep the roses of the Snorer pumps the port side, running from the fore- have lost a sea boat in. The re- foot to the bridge, one that you could had to be cleared of their cargo of peanuts and Ratan. In this part of L the forepeak. There was a dent on mainder of the port side from keel plates sprung, and rivets missing or to water line was generally dented, foreard holds pumped out, so that right angle, and was letting water into off the reef. To do this, these holds the operation divers were used to off lightly by comparison; it only had loose. The starboard side had got a few dents and some rivets loose, Killisport and a small slit in the after fuel tank.

1 www.mcdoa.org.uk www.mcdoa.org.uk

A

In order to cater for the training

All Army divers are initially In addition we run instructors It has been necessary to become

there is alway room for navy blue practical start has been made in the visitors who will be very welcome, good as yours. Materials Laboratory. Kiel. This acts as a continuation out. temporary accommodation is burst- passed one of these a senior N.C.O. thing but the essentials, and no space to thoroughly cover the essentials, put more emphasis on fairly long but to cut out anything which is not ing (literally) at the seams. However, ting stage' has been passed. We also a new school with heated tank, compression chamber, etc., is nearing right direction with the Admiralty The basic course lasts four weeks and and remember, our beer is just as Course, except that the underwater an example, Standard diving is now completion. In the meantime our trained at the R.E. Diving School. equipment in a Field Sqn. The is similar to the R.N. Ships Diver's course syllabuses. Nowadays there underwater tools it requires. Training tasks taught vary after the 'link cut- training centre for divers in B.A.O.R. is no time available to teach any- working for a period on the staff of the school. A diving centre has also available to carry any non-essential courses have therefore been tailored Watermanship Training Centre in courses lasting 8 weeks. Having somewhat single minded regarding imperative for the job in hand. As can instruct on a basic course after sapper tasks. surface swimming. and also runs courses in the various just been opened at the Advanced

stores, workshop, classrooms, re-

12

Since our diving commitments do We expect that the Heinke will give To charge the cylinders we use the

representation in A.E.D.U. Much

on the basic equipment, but also to ensure the Army gets any specialist pheres for suit inflation bottles. time a replacement will be required. very good liason exists with S. of D. time is devoted to maintenace and breathing apparatus used by the could be done, not only to standardise robust, reliable and must not need correct equipment. We can see no be tested and maintained by the Basically the Army requirement is own equipment working when they Army should not be joint service. A which could eventually lead to Army extremely simple. The set must be reason why the next generation of not call for oxygen or mixture 1961, which has proved remarkably Dunlop compressor, which in this water propeller changes, clearing Diving Equipment the other tasks which occur. breathing, our basic set is compressed tain it. As always, cost is another fouled propellers, patching and all various improvements which could Army's point of view is that it can take-off points at 120 atmospheres and should, be made, however, the fault finding on the courses, which is factor to be borne in mind, but this air. We adopted the Heinke Lung in satisfactory. Admittedly there are different charging panel. This has essential if divers are to keep their are operating in small units. for the Heinke set and 200 atmos- is unlikely to jeopardise obtaining the the world. Its chief asset from the case differs from the Naval version set itself is giving good service all over divers. A considerbale amount of in that it has a petrol engine, and a specially trained personnel to main- another 5-7 years service by which www.mcdoa.org.uk managed to get a variety of jobs, such was a poet and an artist. So I am as pulling handfuls of sea snakes out afraid that the limit of 25 feet left us of our own inlets, coppering the rather frustrated at the time. bottoms of Malay Police Boats which had run over rough teak logs at Other jobs carried out in Hong night and stripped their skins, clear- Kong were the laying of a new jack- ing foul screws and searching for stays for the buoys in the boat trot, small arms lost in the waters of changing a 162 window on Killisport border creeks. and generally keeping the ship's and basin's inlets free of plastic bags. However all diving was not carried out in the fast running muddy waters That just about covers our under- of Tawau. We often stopped at one water activities for the commission of the small coral islands off the to date, So from us to you. goodbye coast and went diving for pleasure. and good luck—see you down below This is where we would have apprec- sometime. Ship's Diving team con- iated S.A.B.A. or S.D.D.E., as the sists of :—C.P.O. L. G. How,C.D.1., vis, colour, fish and scenery must be L/Sea Dave Haddem, S.D., Lea/Sea seen to be believed. I could not Mitchell, S.D., and Mechanician attempt to describe them, unless I Albert Finnegan, S.D.

Sealab II Introduction EALAB II is the second in the scientists, engineers and marine bio- U.S. Navy's 'Man in the Sea' pro- logists as well as naval divers, thus a Sject the ultimate aim of which is to varied and detailed number of tasks make it possible for divers to live and could be undertaken. The work each work at depths of 1,000 feet. The team would endeavour to complete first phase that took place last year while on the bottom included :— saw 4 divers living and working for (i) The installation of an under- eleven days at a depth of 193 feet off water weather station for the meas- Bermuda. Stage two which was urement of currents, temperature, scheduled to take place sometime visibilities and pressure variations during the summer of 1965 at La within 30 feet of the seabed. Jolla, California, approximately mile from shore, was for two teams (ii) The capture and close study of of men each to live and operate from fish, fish tagging and observation of an underwater 'home' at a depth of other marine life. 210 feet for a period of 15 days each. (iii) Human performance tests in- It was also intended that two of the cluding those of strength, manipu- men would stay down for the whole lation, co-ordination, assembly, visual period of thirty days. The two teams and auditory. The results of these of aquanauts comprising of civilian tests to be recorded and analysed.

KEY (1) Swim Gear Stowage. (2) Entry/Exit to Sea. (3.4) Showers and Baths. (5) Television Set. (6) Lab Bench. (7) Fan Room. (8) Water Heater. (9) Can Stowage. (10) Table and Chairs. (11) Stools. (12) Lab Bench. (13) Comp' Lock. (14) Electric P'wr/Light. (15) Reefer Stowage. (16.17) Heads. (18) Galley. (19.20) Clothing Lkr. (21.28) Bunk Beds. (26.27) Folding Tables. (28) Escape Hatch. (29) Stowage Space. (30) CO2 Can'tr, I4 15 www.mcdoa.org.uk www.mcdoa.org.uk (iv) The observation of individual pressure equivalent to a depth of over rise or fall of water in the access due for the loss of body heat due to behaviour within the 'home', a record 400ft. The hull is fitted with an upper to tide or barometric pressure var- breathing the predominately helium of the reactions when living in a conning tower access for surface use, iations. There are eleven portholes gas mixture. To keep the atmos- confined space and breathing an and two accesses on its underside for fitted round the hull, thus allowing phere reasonably fresh a special unusual atmosphere for a com- use on the bottom. The normal entry observations to be made from inside charcoal unit is installed to remove paratively long period. when submerged is through the the 'home'. The electrical power for odours. A fresh water supply is laid (v) Heavy duty task to include, access in the after end around which heating and lighting and the running on from the shore. salvage of a section of hull using is a shark cage, while at the forward of equipment like the air condition- end of the hull is an emergency A porpoise christened l'uffy' is injected foam technique, patching a ing unit, will be supplied from a participating in the Sealab II oper- section of damaged hull using a stud escape hatch. Inside the hull is a shore station with an alternative concrete floor providing the fixed ation, for the purpose of research gun, securing of lifting pads to a supply available from the attendant into the training of sea mammals for heavy object and the evaluation of a ballast, and around the upper section surface craft. The breathing gas are four water tanks for the working underwater tasks. Tuffy has already collapsible salvage pontoon. The made up of 85 % helium, 11 % nit- been trained to dive on command to jobs, would be subsequently tested ballast. The interior is divided into rogen and 4 % oxygen will normally four compartments which, working depths of 130 feet, to respond to an and evaluated. be supplied from cylinders secured to acoustic signal from a distance of from the entry hatch forward are— the outside of the hull, but an emer- (vi) 'Bounce' Dives to a maximum dressing and shower room, labor- more than 500 yards and to home on depth of 330 feet. gency supply will be available from a diver at a depth of 85ft. It was atory, galley and living quarters. The the surface craft. A chemical CO, The underwater `Tionlie' is a cylin- dressing room is separated from the hoped that by the time Sealab II obsorber is fitted in the 'home'. The project commenced, Tuffy will be der 12ft. in diametei: 57ft. long and laboratory by a special dam; this cables for the alternate power supply built to withstand a hydrostatic provides a water trap and for any able to carry a guide line to a lost and the pipes for the emergency gas diver, and carry messages and small supply will be permanently connected packages between surface and diver from the surface craft to Sealab II, and between divers on the bottom. together with the necessary cables for communications, closed circuit tele- Two observers from our own Navy vision and the means for monitoring Department, one from R.N.P.L. and instruments within Sealab. another from the Experimental Diving Unit, attended the Sealab II When positioned on the seabed the project. It is hoped that summaries atmospheric conditions in the 'home' of their observations will reach the will be a pressure of 112 lbs per sq. Editor in time for this issue of the inch, humidity of 60 % and tem- Magazine. perature of about 85°F. The rather excessive temperature is to allow G.A.F.

Honeymoon Patrol

HIS ship was commissioned for under the horns of Her Majesty's a Home/Far East G.S.C. and Ship Barmaid. (Can you imagine a Tjust to be difficult was promptly better name or place for such oper- sent to the West Indies Station. ations ?) Very soon our divers It all started when the Team was emerged from the Murky ooze and busy clearing polythene bags from confirmed that there was indeed a the ship's inlets while she lay along- vehicle , there and to the police In- side at Greenock. The Police drove pector's obvious relief, it had to be up in a very smooth Jaguar and asked admitted that there was no body in whether we would dive to look for a it. Since the wire plumbed almost car reported a few berths away. Des- exactly, the job of raising this 'heap' SEALAB II on barge at the Long Beach Naval Shipyard shortly before being put in the pite the chill water, we readily agreed. from twenty feet of water in the water for towing to La Jolla, California, and stationed 210 feet below the ocean's surface. The spot selected was conveniently alongside berth was made easy. 16 17 www.mcdoa.org.uk

looked looked

Our diving diving Our

Granby Granby

Like most ships of this class (Type (Type class this of ships most Like

We have acquired 3 gemini ding- gemini 3 acquired have We

Our job of policing the Bahamas Bahamas the policing of job Our

this operation has been a success, success, a been has operation this

type of work. From the diving side, side, diving the From work. of type

toy, D.U.C.S., invaluable for this this for invaluable D.U.C.S., toy,

although the M.E.O. still has his his has still M.E.O. the although been placed over the hole by crawling crawling by hole the over placed been

up the tube. (We have found our new new our found have (We tube. the up

the bars on the hull and a patch has has patch a and hull the on bars the

ions the divers have had to remove remove to had have divers the ions

15), the old lady leaks a little, the the little, a leaks lady old the 15),

latest addition being a hole in the the in hole a being addition latest sea tube main inlet. On two occas- two On inlet. main tube sea

proved of most interest. interest. most of proved

become proficient in laying searches searches laying in proficient become

on our own ship's hull which has has which hull ship's own our on

to find most things that people drop drop people that things most find to

into the water, but perhaps it is work work is it perhaps but water, the into

hies and 40 HP outboards to go go to outboards HP 40 and hies

(including banyans). Our Team has has Team Our banyans). (including

diving boat for all types of work work of types all for boat diving boarding parties whilst on partol. partol. on whilst parties boarding

porated we now have an excellent excellent an have now we porated

with them for beach landing and and landing beach for them with Bahamas. Bahamas. With a few of our own mods. incor- mods. own our of few a With

occasional good run in Freeport, Freeport, in run good occasional

the `P.X.' in Key West and the the and West Key in `P.X.' the

islands, topping up with 'rabbits' at at 'rabbits' with up topping islands,

clear waters around the uninhabited uninhabited the around waters clear

opportunities for swimming in the the in swimming for opportunities

run of work and it provides splendid splendid provides it and work of run

is certainly different from the normal normal the from different certainly is

the other lads worked. It was with with was It worked. lads other the sunny south a few days later. later. days few a south sunny

some regret that we left for the the for left we that regret some

`Mud' and from the second day on- day second the from and `Mud'

comed the opportunity to see how how see to opportunity the comed

4 star run ashore. ashore. run star 4

friends in H.M.C.S. H.M.C.S. in friends

after us extremely well and we wel- we and well extremely us after

wards Halifax was marked up as a a as up marked was Halifax wards

the D.O.'s name was no longer longer no was name D.O.'s the

sought ashore. After the first night, night, first the After ashore. sought like an ice box and warmth was was warmth and box ice an like

Patrol! Since main steam had to be be to had steam main Since Patrol!

has attacked whilst on the Bahamas Bahamas the on whilst attacked has

shut down, the ship rapidly became became rapidly ship the down, shut

19 19

The ship arrived looking like a a like looking arrived ship The

Our next visit to Bermuda was in in was Bermuda to visit next Our

The Haven of `Berma-du; Ireland Ireland `Berma-du; of Haven The

The next highlight in our com- our in highlight next The

this is the only ship which frostbite frostbite which ship only the is this

Christmas tree under 6 inches of of inches 6 under tree Christmas frozen spray. We can guarantee that that guarantee can We spray. frozen

Diving Officer's popularity! popularity! Officer's Diving

N.S. for docking. As the temperature temperature the As docking. for N.S.

dropped from 85°F to 6°F, so did the the did so 6°F, to 85°F from dropped

ship had to be steamed to Halifax, Halifax, to steamed be to had ship

disgust of the ship's company the the company ship's the of disgust

spare prop. out to us. Much to the the to Much us. to out prop. spare

endurance and capability of flying a a flying of capability and endurance Perhaps fortunately for us, no air- no us, for fortunately Perhaps

craft could be found with sufficient sufficient with found be could craft

water while alongside in Bermuda. Bermuda. in alongside while water

available we were hoping to have a a have to hoping were we available

shot at changing the screw under- screw the changing at shot

the crack which was some 15 inches inches 15 some was which crack the long. Since there was no dry dock dock dry no was there Since long.

no hairline crack but one through through one but crack hairline no

blade of the port propeller. This was was This propeller. port the of blade which daylight could be seen! Con- seen! be could daylight which

as the Diving Officer triumphantly triumphantly Officer Diving the as

surfaced holding a perspex tracing of of tracing perspex a holding surfaced

sternation clouded the Captain's face face Captain's the clouded sternation

Islands in Gemini dinghies. Whilst Whilst dinghies. Gemini in Islands time of chasing around the Bahama Bahama the around chasing of time

February this year after a splendid splendid a after year this February day, one, rounds underwater our on a large crack was noticed in one one in noticed was crack large a

each time they have done, so have have so done, have they time each

loomed over the horizon and in fact fact in and horizon the over loomed

Island and the 'Trap' eventually eventually 'Trap' the and Island

jobs for the boys. boys. the for jobs

leaking suits and numbed fingers fingers numbed and suits leaking proved otherwise. otherwise. proved

ready in warm sunny seas but our our but seas sunny warm in ready

January when our minds were al- were minds our when January

mission came by way of a dome dome a of way by came mission

name ? ? name assisted. Unfortunately, this was in in was this Unfortunately, assisted.

haps that was the missing body's body's missing the was that haps

change in which the ship's divers divers ship's the which in change to the effect that Kilroy had once once had Kilroy that effect the to

When the car eventually broke sur- broke eventually car the When

upon a time been around—or per- around—or been time a upon face it was possible to detect words words detect to possible was it face

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FOR GOOD AND HELPFUL SERVICE SERVICE HELPFUL AND GOOD FOR

Post Office Court, 10 Lombard Lombard 10 Court, Office Post

LLOYDS BANK BANK LLOYDS

Street, London, E.C.3. E.C.3. London, Street,

write to the Public Relations Relations Public the to write

help members of the Royal Navy Navy Royal the of members help Officer, Lloyds Bank Limited, Limited, Bank Lloyds Officer,

at any branch - or, if you like, like, you if or, - branch any at

and Royal Marines. You can get it it get can You Marines. Royal and

18 18

booklet which which booklet

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How paying by cheque cheque by paying How

When you have a bank account, account, bank a have you When

Ask for our our for Ask

helps your pay go further further go pay your helps

jour money. Help it to go much much go to it Help money. jour

view of what you're doing with with doing you're what of view H.M.S. VERNON SUB-BRANCH. HOURS 0 F BUSINESS : FRIDAYS 1130-1230 HOURS HOURS 1130-1230 FRIDAYS : BUSINESS F 0 HOURS SUB-BRANCH. VERNON H.M.S.

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unnecessary amounts of cash on on cash of amounts unnecessary

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automatically having a record of of record a having automatically services to all ranks of the Royal Royal the of ranks all to services from Sea Vixen

Canopy Jettison and Underwater Ejection

21

TRIALS AT GLEN FRUIN

each year aircraft

E. A. BALDWIN,

Royal Navy

potential snagging hazards are

measured in fractions of an or semi-conscious following Possibly shocked and panicked, ment and black boxes and the possibly crowded with equip- Gone are the days of a simple through a single connector for inch. The cockpit is almost im- clearances between man and impact. tilation for his suit and anti-G. the pilot may find even the or two connections to the man. tween the man and the aircraft These services normally pass complex and connections be- simplicity. The crew may be unconscious simplest task impossible. The combined harnesses are include oxygen, radio, air ven- aircraft seat harness with one

LT.-CDR.

of Royal Naval aircrew. In some

(b) (d) (a) (c)

I ditching accidents take their toll

Leaving the pilot or observer to

by rpRAGICALLY For example: these accidents that underwater

cases, the aircraft crashes into the sea the crew. However, operating from low speeds resulting from aircraft engine failures on the catapult, escape systems can play their part. good enough for a variety of reasons. Underwater Escape from Aircraft— at speed and nothing can be done for carriers, many of the ditchings are at catapult failures, arrester wires part- ing on landing and so forth. It is in clamber out as best they can is not

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This had its

Towards the end of our cruise, we Lt. Cdr. Wel by, S. W. D.O. Lt. Shaw, (Diving Officer), C.D.O. L/Sea Eastland, S.D.

A.B. Massey, C.D.* A.B. Beech, S.W.D.

M.E.1. Levett, S.W.D. A.B. Jameison, S.W.D.

were inveigled into helping the elec- narrow channel. tricity authority of St. Vincent to lay Relentless! problems, the least of which was to

an underwater power cable across a to be well and truly laid as is the get the cable to unwind from a reel in a very ancient barge. The sub- wont of our diving team—Press on

sequent sea bed inspection showed it

20

deal with

Jack !

Telephone 25046

I

right

OF PORTSMOUTH

JACK BLAIR

Member of Interport Naval Traders Association.

Naval and Civilian Tailor and Outfitter

48 QUEEN STREET, PORTSMOUTH

I'm all

The ship recently went on a good

will visit around the Caribbean. Amongst other places, this included Willemsted (Curacao) and the Wind-

doubts. Currently, we are con- fidently waiting for the next hole to appear! ward Islands. At Curagao we made friends with the members of the stops at Cristobal (Panama Canal), with many types of coral formations been suitably equipped the sickbay enough to take us diving. Here we undersea garden on the edge of a reef were shown around a very beautiful local sub aqua club who were kind the fish laughing their heads off.)

and, of course, fish galore. (Had we would probably been in business and www.mcdoa.org.uk It was decided, therefore, to instal and complexity of the trial, and photographic coverage is very com- systems GO, anything else means, in Naval aircraft an •underwater among their numerous duties are prehensive and would normally con- `get `get me out of here'. When the' escape system. This system, ideally preparing the fuselage and frame- sist of: fuselage has been lowered into the would : work, maintaining a selected differ- (a) Underwater: correct position, the lights are ential pressure in the cockpit during switched on, cameras are started, the (a) Automatically jettison the can- a test by operating a dump valve on Two 16mm., high speed, black opy. An override would subject commences his 10 seconds the fuselage, assisting in the photo- and white cameras. count-down and then ejects. permit manual jettison. graphy and, in particular, acting as One 16mm., colour camera. (b) Automatically, with a manual safety diver for the live subject. (These are operated by civilian All is then not over. A consider- override, eject the aircrew from divers from the Instrument and able amount of work remains in the sinking aircraft, whatever `Glen Fruin' is a small isolated Ranges Department of the recovering the fuselage and seat, the attitude of the aircraft, Admiralty establishment in the hills Royal Aircraft Establishment, drying out equipment and preparing down to 100 feet. between the Gareloch and Loch Farnborough.) for the- following day's shot. The Lomond. The centre of the estab- day's events are discussed and any (c) During ejection, sever all con- lishment is a large building which is (b) Through the Glass Side of the nections between the aircraft changes and improvements planned. one half offices and laboratories and Tank: These discussions are continued un- and the seat and inflate the one half tank. The tank is approx- pilot's life jacket. Two 35mm high speed, black officially and informally into the imately 100 feet long 30 feet wide and and white c ameras. evening over a 'wee half'. At the (d) After ejection, separate the 40 feet deep, contains 1,000,000 One 16mm. , high speed, black weekends, activities are varied. Most pilot or observer from his gallons of fresh water, and, on one and white c amera. members of the team take a bus- seat. side, consists entirely of plate glass Two 16mm. , colour cameras. man's holiday and go off to search This is achieved by giving the panels. Any test can be controlled and for shellfish. Loch Fyne is a favourite and witnessed, therefore, from inside site. However, canoeing and hill- appropriate aircraft firms a Ministry (c) On Top of the Tank: of Aviation contract to design and the building. The top of the tank climbing also have their enthusiastic develop a system for a particular (where, unfortunately, most of the One 16mm., colour camera. followers. aircraft. The Mechancial Engineer- work is done) is open to the atmos- The instrumentation, also has to phere and, in January or February, To conclude, the trials described ing Department at the Royal Aircraft be checked. This varies but normally are memorable, not just because they Establishment, Farnborough, keeps the temperature is far from temperate. covers such things as differential are interesting and enjoyable, but The nearest town of any size is a Awatching brief at this stage and pressure across the canpoy, depth of because they are vital. Everyone advises as necessary. When the trial Helensburgh, ten miles away, and it water in the cockpit, indication of feels that he is playing his part in installation is complete and fitted is here that the team lodge in hotels, drainage pumps running, etc. saving life. into the cockpit section of the aircraft boarding houses or the Church of Scotland Canteen. It is the liquid The hub of each test is the control this department conducts proving room. Here the officer in charge and trials of the system. These are carried resources of Helensburgh, also, that the teams attempt to drink dry during the Glen Fruin controller are sit- out at the Admiralty Hydro Ballistic uated. They are in voice contact with Research Establishment, Glen Fruin. each trial—so far with a notable lack of success. the tank top, the 'diving supervisory, Some of the tests are, initially, with the cranes and the external photo- dummies but the majority are 'live'. Each day at the Glen it is hoped to graphers. They are also in visual The subjects are drawn from the achieve one 'shot'. This consists of contact with the subject, the safety Mechanical. Engineering Department preparing the fuselage and perhaps divers and the underwater photo- and the R.A.F. Institute of Aviation carrying out a ballast run in the tank graphers. Signalling to the personnel Medicine and are all Naval divers. to confirm that the weights are cor- in the water is normally done by The senior medical officer from rectly distributed for the aircraft flash bulb or by use of the underwater QUOTE OF THE QUARTER I.A.M. is responsible for the phy- attitude to be tested. The lighting, hghting. One diver is briefed to do From R.N.B. Divisional P.O. to siological aspects of the trial and the consisting of a number of verticle nothing but watch over the live C.D.3 joining Barracks :— safety of the live subjects. Clearly banks inside the tank, has to be subject. Incidentally the thumbs-up the diving effort is more than just checked and adjusted as necessary by `Oh ! a C.D. Why haven't you done or thumbs-down signals are never a conversion course to ships diver ?' providing live subjects in tests of this diver. The cameras have to be made used in these tests as confusion could sort and therefore H.M.S. Vernon is ready. Since nearly all the analysis easily arise in the vertical or inverted requested to assist. The number of has to be done by studying the films attitudes. The '0' of O.K. formed divers asked for depends on the size at slow speed or frame by frame, the by forefinger and thumb indicates all 22 23 www.mcdoa.org.uk

to mark the boundary of of boundary the mark to

diving team were given the job job the given were team diving

Aisne Aisne

the propellers before the quart- the before propellers the

erly full power trials. trials. power full erly

Cleaning the sea growth from from growth sea the Cleaning

Inspection of Sonar dome for for dome Sonar of Inspection

suspected leaks. leaks. suspected

Plugging sea-water discharges to to discharges sea-water Plugging

eroded pipes and valves. valves. and pipes eroded

damage. damage.

enable repairs to be effected on on effected be to repairs enable

Brackets, Stern Glands and and Glands Stern Brackets,

Zincs for signs of erosion and and erosion of signs for Zincs

Surveying the Propellers, 'A' 'A' Propellers, the Surveying

An interesting and unusual diving diving unusual and interesting An

On one occasion a Petty Officer lost lost Officer Petty a occasion one On

e e

d d

c c

b b

Harbour and arrived some two hours hours two some arrived and Harbour

Diving Team. The divers set out out set divers The Team. Diving

Boom Defence Depot at Malta, and and Malta, at Depot Defence Boom

early one afternoon from Grand Grand from afternoon one early

us by the Med. Fleet Clearance Clearance Fleet Med. the by us

a diving boat was kindly loaned to to loaned kindly was boat diving a

red and white quarters complete with with complete quarters white and red

sinkers and wire was provided by the the by provided was wire and sinkers

ipated. A buoy newly painted with with painted newly buoy A ipated.

proved more difficult than antic- than difficult more proved

provided they could be found. This This found. be could they provided

of laying a new marker buoy on the the on buoy marker new a laying of

same spot using the old sinkers, sinkers, old the using spot same

Lion's Lion's

onto the beach. This had broken broken had This beach. the onto

ded the entry of small boats going going boats small of entry the ded

adrift during rough weather and and weather rough during adrift

the the

Previously a buoy had been laid by by laid been had buoy a Previously

some dangerous rocks which hazar- which rocks dangerous some

Beach between Malta and Gozo. Gozo. and Malta between Beach

operation was carried out off Comino Comino off out carried was operation

he did not know what to do. For- do. to what know not did he

grateful. grateful. quickly and he was indeed most most indeed was he and quickly

tunately they were found quite quite found were they tunately

he was unable to read Daily Orders, Orders, Daily read to unable was he

be found. He said that without them them without that said He found. be

and as they were the only pair he had, had, he pair only the were they as and

Harbour, and came along to the the to along came and Harbour,

diving Officer and asked if they could could they if asked and Officer diving

his spectacles over the side in Grand Grand in side the over spectacles his

25 25

Diving with H.M.S. Lion Lion H.M.S. with Diving

have been varied and inter- and varied been have

weed. weed.

various pumps to ensure the the ensure to pumps various

gratings were not choked with with choked not were gratings

a Inspecting seawater inlets of of inlets seawater Inspecting a

The usual day to day diving jobs jobs diving day to day usual The

INCE the ship recommisioned in in recommisioned ship the INCE

Lion Lion

April 1964, diving operations on on operations diving 1964, April

An expedition dive took place place took dive expedition An

Having shaken down the ship's ship's the down shaken Having

which arose were carried out with with out carried were arose which

of beer and lemonade. lemonade. and beer of

success and are listed below:— below:— listed are and success

provided, and drank large quantities quantities large drank and provided,

pieces of pie, which pusser had kindly kindly had pusser which pie, of pieces

life. On completion of the diving diving the of completion On life.

ate with relish all the sandwiches and and sandwiches the all relish with ate

returning to the ship laden with with laden ship the to returning

everyone was ravenously hungry and and hungry ravenously was everyone

the diving team had high hopes of of hopes high had team diving the

no fish in that particular area which which area particular that in fish no

countless varieties of fish and sea sea and fish of varieties countless

bottom was rocky interspersed with with interspersed rocky was bottom

was rather disappointing, as some of of some as disappointing, rather was

sand and weed. There appeared to be be to appeared There weed. and sand

diving began. The water was beaut- was water The began. diving

and diving a real pleasure. The The pleasure. real a diving and

ifully clear which made swimming swimming made which clear ifully

ever, this was soon resolved and and resolved soon was this ever,

there was some reluctance as to who who to as reluctance some was there

should be the stand-by diver. How- diver. stand-by the be should

into the water, and consequently consequently and water, the into

On arrival everybody was keen to get get to keen was everybody arrival On

motoring out of Grand Harbour Harbour Grand of out motoring

along the coast to St. Thomas's Bay. Bay. Thomas's St. to coast the along

of the ship's three-in-one whalers was was whalers three-in-one ship's the of

and left the ship one fine afternoon, afternoon, fine one ship the left and pleasant swimming conditions. One One conditions. swimming pleasant

loaded with the diving equipment, equipment, diving the with loaded

the divers a period of relaxation in in relaxation of period a divers the

following our 'Med.' work up to give give to up work 'Med.' our following

in warm waters. waters. warm in

down to look forward to some diving diving some to forward look to down

diving team on service commitments commitments service on team diving

and ironed out a few snags, we settled settled we snags, few a out ironed and

esting. esting.

S

f f I

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•• r www.mcdoa.org.uk later off Coming Beach. Fixes were six feet away. We certainly couldn't taken to put the boat in the position raise them so had to be content with Terror Diving of the original buoy and the anchor the knowledge that at least the buoy let go. Circular searches were carried was in the right place and that we'd NCE again a line or two from we bade farewell to our cobber out from the bow and stern, but un- achieved what we'd set out to do, the F.E.C.D.T. just to keep in cousins on the 23rd May, and set fortunately proved fruitless. The albeit with a little bit of luck. Otouch. about the mammoth task of squaring boat was moved to a different posit- Most of the 'Med.' diving has now We had thought that a quiet period off the stores. ion and new fixes taken. This found been covered, except for the in- us in the middle of a string of crab was forthcoming and just what we Since there is no rest for the wicked spection of the bows, when Lion deserved, this was not to be. On the they say, the F.E.C.D.T. has been and lobster floats from which we had returned to Malta again after being some difficulty extricating ourselves. 15th March the Australian Mobile kept busy with Fleet exercises and in collision with one of H.M. ships Clearance Diving Team descended propeller changes, interspersed with The anchor fouled one of the pot on the Forth in Scotland. on us, leaving all in their wake more lines and this had to be hauled in to trips up the coast to mine hunt and The diving team have made several than a little shaken, and breathless. to recover a helicopter which had free it. Eventually it was cleared, but Headed by Lt. Roberts and C.P.O. by this time the pots were minus a interesting visits to other diving ditched 45 miles N.W. of Penhang. centres and units, namely the French Jones this gang of marauders plun- few cork floats which had been neatly dered and pillaged to such an_extent The latter proved to be a fruitless trimmed by the screw. Further fixes diving school at Toulon, the Royal Engineers diving centre at Kiel, that within a week' we were -asking task as the aircraft had settled in were taken and the boat anchored in them if we could please borrow some more than 180 feet of water. another position and diving recom- where they carried out a beach survey and swam compass courses of our gear. Naturally they didn't The parrots at Kluang once again menced. The weather was gradually do much, except drink gallons of our deteriorating and we found ourselves with the Army divers, the experi- had their mating season and were mental diving centre at Alverstoke coffee and almost all of Terror's beer. `all shook up' when the boys visited riding an uncomfortable swell from One of their gentlemen did leave his the sea, with the boat snubbing the and the French Sub Aqua Club at the Quarry for demolition work and Casablanca. mark however, I believe he, charged further development of the dam-cum- anchor cable. More cable was let go a Mercedes taxi head-on in a moment and diving continued. Suddenly there This has now brought Lion's swimming pool. diving activities up to date. We look of exuberance and was seen wearing was a muffled report and the boat a plaster collar for weeks afterwards. Cracked dockyard walls and bub- started to drift astern, gaining forward to the future with interest bles at night have received our and anticipation and hope we shall I almost forgot to mention he was on momentum as she went. The divers foot at the time! We did manage to attention as required; in addition we were brought inboard and the engine get as much fun as we have in the have perfected methods of searching past. press gang half their team onto the started. Hauling in the anchor cable M.F.V. and get them to Pulo Tioman, the bottoms of various sized ships we found that the securing shackle LION'S DIVING TEAM is as and in fact their assistance and hum- and floating docks. In June we were on the anchor had parted. It was follows :— our was much appreciated during called to recover two bodies in a car now a question of guessing where the Diving Officer Sub.Lt. Richards 4 their stay which was all too brief. from the Peirce Reservoir. It was not buoy should be laid, and any thought CSBA Soulsby a very tidy way to, commit suicide, of recovering the old sinkers was ERA Honeychurch On April the 12th at Nanga Gatt according to the divers concerned. disregarded. Fortunately sometime Shpt. Bennetts two helicopters had the misfortune The following Saturday the complete previously a Maltese fishing boat had Shpt. -Ling to collide, so the M.C.D.T., being organisation swung into action to been seen rounding the rocky area M(E) Allison the only ones in the section at the search for a phantom frogman under and it was therefore known ap- Mech. Price , time, flew at short notice to assist as a frigate in the Naval Base. Various proximately where to put the buoy. E.M. wart best they could in what proved to be other tasks have come our way, but The boat was taken to the spot where Marine Mullett - atrocious conditions. Six knot river at the time of writing they are still the fishing boat had made its turn and speed, and nil minus visibility made within the limits of 'classified.' the new sinkers with the buoy attach- Divers who have recently left us diving well nigh impossible. Grap- ed was heaved over the side, making are Shipt. Stokes, who is doing the pling and dragging, operations were On the instructional side we are thetliving boat fast to the buoy at the Artificer diving course at Vernon, severley hampered by the current and still hard pressed. It seems we now same time. The divers went down M(E), Clayton who is qualifying as .a sunken logs. Those-of us that know have all the R.N. out here so that again to ensure the sinkers were clearance diver, and M(E) Coombes Ted Crispin, here on known as classes are going through non-stop. lying flat on the sea bed and the line who has joined Dolphin. stumpy, can get a more detailed Occasionally, we wonder if the, Guzz not fouled. Whilst they were doing M. T. H. RICHARDS account of this mishap for the price and Safeguard staff are having a this they discovered the original Eng. Sub.Lt. of a large 'bitter'. Having sorely quiet laugh at our expense. No sinkers laid by Aisne not more than Diving Officer. taxed the patience of all concerned, offence meant of course, but there 26 27 www.mcdoa.org.uk 89 x 6, ex-

comparative

e.g

Recently Dr. Schreiner of the

The tests in the neon experiments

Union Carbide Corporation, U.S.A.

niggles. (Ocean Systems Inc.) exposed 2 divers to 20.7 ats.abs. (650 feet)

difficulties, the attendant on air de-

Moreover, whereas the men breath- veloped severe itching, rash and acute

300 feet whilst breathing the neon

in the tube from 11.5 to 13. There were no sensations of narcosis. mixture. Similarly the number of ing neon had no decompression to 12 and the number of ball bearings better with the ball bearing test than

to various environmental conditions. sums attempted increased from 10 because on repetition of the test, average 8 on the surface to 11.5 at efficiency of the diver whilst exposed or no effect with neon. Indeed, would expect if there was no narcosis breathing noen, the subjects did sums correct improved from an non-return mouthpiece via a reser- on the surface. This is what we learning factors tend to improve your

diving and their use should never be in performance, compared with little were simple arithmetic As such they are of significant value score. Additional tests at 10 ats.abs. (300 feet) on 2 subjects showed a great deal about the underestimated nor taken too lightly! with that on the surface is shown in Table 2. It may be seen that breath- similar improvement. The number of ture was supplied from a cylinder in pushing forward the frontiers of voir bag. The average percentage ing air, there was a 12-15 % fall off bearings to be picked up with tweez- inside the pressure chamber to a

hole. The neon/helium/oxygen mix- cluding 0, 1, 5 and multiples of 11 and change in performance compared ers and dropped through _a small

a co-ordination test requiring ball

29

com-

performance on a percentage

The tests used were those with

The oil solubility values for neon

Psychometric tests were carried

R.N. Physiological Laboratory will

have done at one time or another. which many of you who have been to liminary measurements to be made In passing it may be a suitable time ture of 65.6 % neon/16.4 % helium/ think, tests of your intelligence. We required to do these tests that they basis between that on the surface and

to remind those of you that are that at depth under varying con- helium but rather more close to of diving. However they do tell us a helium. The British Oxygen Com- pared as to narcotic potency with the potency of the gas. Helium has the pressure. have only just become available after of the true narcotic potency of neon. 18 % oxygen at 7 ats.abs. (200 feet) ditions. Many of the tests may not

out on 10 subjects breathing a mix- with a high molecular weight and that the narcotic potency of neon pany has very kindly donated a quantity of crude neon (80 % neon/ will cause anaesthesia at atmospheric are not, as so many of you seem to other end of the series is very soluble difficult experiments both in this lowest solubility of this gas series but country and the U.S.A. These infer 20 % helium) to enable some pre- are merely interested in the

should be between nitrogen and due to its low molecular weight 4.8 ats.abs. (152 feet). This was com- diffuses very rapidly, causing de- The Narcotic Potency of Neon compression problems. Xenon at the giving a neon partial pressure of ats.abs. (190 feet). parative

same nitrogen partial pressure by exposure to compressed air at 5.7 seem very related to the practical arts www.mcdoa.org.uk www.mcdoa.org.uk

our

olive

T.G.G.

e.g.

Other gases, similarly inert, can

photograph of him in Vol. 12/1 we

have been black like the rest of him, but the camera doesn't lie—or does were surprised as we have always

efforts. Having carefully studied the thought his structural frame would

appreciation to Gibbo for his past

it ?! coming Editor, and to express

pressure of nitrogen with associated

produced by alcoholic intoxication,

breathed and the oxygen partial is caused by the increased partial factors such as the density of the gas body which increases the narcotic

pressure. The latter cause an increase

in the carbon dioxide tension in the

narcosis or even anaesthesia. The effects due to nitrogen. bility then the lower the narcotic ton, Argon, Neon and Helium are

Probably the best indication of their narcotic potency is given by the oil. (Table 1). The lower the solu-

all effective in causing narcosis or anaesthesia depending on the pres- so-called 'Noble gases' Xenon, Kryp- also cause signs and symptoms of

sure at which they are breathed.

solubility of each gas in fat

B. BENNETT,

28

PETER

Dr.

whilst Tom

by

Vernon,

Royal Naval Physiological Laboratory, Alverstoke.

Helium at Increased Pressures

Pergamon Press. Oxford.

* The Aetiology of Compressed Air Intoxication and Inert Gas Narcosis.

The arrival of C.P.O. Ernie Foggin

We in the Far-Flung would like to

Efficiency of Divers Breathing Neon or

T is my intention in this article to

consider some of the more recent experiments on the narcotic action

The well known effects of exposure

news from

train !

Norman is still attaching buttons to his No's 6 suit and insists on being

brought us up to date on the latest cannot be anyone left at home to

called 'chief.'

add our wishes of success to the in-

I

Physiological Laboratory. The term

`inert gas' is used for gases which are

of inert gases carried out at the R.N.

undergoing any change themselves

the nitrogen in the air we breathe whilst in the animal or man. Thus breathed in and out unchanged. The

able to cause changes either psy- does not react in a biochemical

changes due to breathing such gases chological or psysiological without in some detail in a new book by the to air at high pressure, the so-called

function inside the body but is merely at increased pressures are considered

`narks' resulting in impairment of the

author to be published in December.*

divers performance similar to that www.mcdoa.org.uk breathing neon with no marked After a test at atmospheric pres- P. Kirkham's Patented and Designed of 1945 hos made possible psychological changes. As with sure the men were tested as soon as `SEAFIRE helium, speech was distorted, but possible on arrival at depth. In the the— was still intelligible. 600 feet experiments another test The very poor solubility of neon followed an hour later and eyery accompanied by its high molecular half-hour subsequently until de- I H A weight meaning a slow rate of dif- compression 4 hours after the start fusion, make this an interesting of the dive. A further test was made diving gas. These factors indicate at 300 feet during the decompression. r E N that it may be more suitable than Four of the six divers showed helium as regards decompression marked impairment of their per- sickness and it has a similar low formance at 600 feet, which was narcotic potency. The question of sometimes accompanied by dizziness the cost of this gas in large quantities and nausea. In some cases the SET OXYGEN & HYDROGEN to 301bs. compared with helium is still however decrement in performance was as being discussed but there can be little much as 60 % in the ball bearing test doubt that we have not heard the last and 50 % in the number of sums of neon in diving. correct. The reaction time test was When using our No 4 nozzle To Cut not however much affected. A STEEL Efficiency Whilst Breathing Helium marked tremor of the hands, arms during Deep Diving or even the whole body was often 21" Based upon the sensations and noted. Its presence was emphasised THICK performance impairment found at by the fact that the most marked impairment in performance was at Every minute of the day the 4 ats.abs. (100 feet) in men breathing air, similar narcotic levels should the ball bearing test. The tremor has VIXEN Oxy-Hydro Under Water been labelled the 'helium tremble'. Cutter uses even less hydrogen when theoretically be present at 450-500 feet breathing helium/oxygen. Nar- After the first hour or so at pressure cutting 2,1," steel than many cutters there was a gradual improvement. consume when cutting steel plate cosis equivalent to 300 feet on air only j," thick should be found in men breathing The tremor and dizziness were also helium/oxygen at about 46 ats.abs. present in subjects who showed only (1,350 feet). These depths will vary slight impairment at the tests but they rather widely due to the sensitivity seemed able to exert enough self- of the individual plus the added effect control to overcome this handicap. AN IMPROVED CUTTER USING 14 FEWER of retained carbon dioxide due to the When the men worked hard on a PARTS THAN P. KIRKHAM'S PREVIOUS increased oxygen partial pressure and rowing machine inside the pressure density and viscocity factors. It is the chamber they generally felt better. DESIGN WHICH HAS RESULTED IN EASIER view of Hannes Keller, that 3 ats.abs. Similarly in the sea trials from (1,000 feet) will probably be the H.M.S. Reclaim off Le Lavandou, MAINTENANCE MORE EFFICIENT AND limit of helium/oxygen diving and he, the 'helium tremble' was seen to after all, has been there and knows cause difficulty in adjusting straps ECONOMICAL CUTTING AT A LOWER what it feels like. and headgear. PRICE AND A NEW NAME FOR THE MOST •During the deep diving experi- This would not seem to be classical thents at the R.N.P.L., psychometric inert gas narcosis or 'narks'. The ADVANCED CUTTER AVAILABLE studies were made on divers at 19.2 fact that this condition is most severe ats.abs. (600 feet) and 25.2 ats.abs. during the early part of the dive (800 feet), whilst breathing 5/95 followed especially on working, by a P. KIRKHAM & SON Will be pleased to quote oxygen/helium. The tests used were slow improvement, the dizziness and 4 RING ROAD for all your welding arithmetic and the ball bearing test the tremor are all unusual features. LANCING and cutting equipment as already described, together with The most likely cause would seem to a multichoice reaction time test. be changes in the acid/base balance

30 31 www.mcdoa.org.uk TENNIS

FISHING

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WEIGHT

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INDOOR

TRAINING

ATHLETICS www.mcdoa.org.uk www.mcdoa.org.uk

2)

Divers

4

—53

—42 — 6 %

at 800 feet

Neon

+2.7%

—3.3% —1.7%

(233 feet abs.)

least

most

Potency

(65.6 Ne/16.4 He/18 0

0

Divers Mean of

feet

6

600

—18

- 4%

in Oil

1.7

0.067 0.14 0.43 0.015 0.019

Other experiments at 300 feet and

at

Solubility Narcotic

much careful study in the future helium show that tremor and per- occur with time. duration it is not known if or how long any improvement would take to then seems to be a new phenomenon it is naturally not so severe. This formance impairment also occur at these much shallower depths. How- 400 feet in men breathing oxygen/ of prevention. ten minutes before improvement and in diving and one that will require to determine its cause and the method ever the deterioration lasts only some

Mean of

32

Nitrogen

—15.6%

4

28 84.7 40 20

131.3

Weight

(Air 190 feet abs.)

...

...

Molecular

...

Gas

Krypton Helium

Argon Xenon Neon Nitrogen

Relative percentage deterioration in performance in men breathing

5/95 oxygen/helium.

to a similar partial pressure of either nitrogen or neon. Solubilities and Molecular weights of some inert gases compared with narcotic potency. Comparative deterioration in performance of 10 subjects exposed

Further experiments with 4 divers

pairment between 600 feet and 800

of the body due either to an increase or decrease in the body carbon dioxide. oxygen/helium diving unless we can feet would seem to be the limit of feet in subjects breathing air. As these dives were of only 20 minutes The levels found at 800 feet are severe. Indeed the increased im- discover the cause of the impairment. at 800 feet showed that the perform- Number of Sums Correct ance impairment was still more feet (Table 3) is so severe that 1,000 comparable with those found at 300 Number of Sums Attempted ... Number of Ball Bearings

Number of Sums Correct ... —12% Number of Sums Attempted... —12 Number of Ball Bearings Table 1.

Table 2. Table 3. www.mcdoa.org.uk NE year has elapsed since 'Cen- `13' Evaporator seacock sealed on Centaur Diving taur Diving' appeared in this two occasions; the port rudder which Omagazine. The Team, though nearly did a Victorious; and the star- broken up and drafted, can look board stern gland which was ex- back nostalgically on happy occas- ternally sealed for the Engineers to ions and underwater adventures carry out internal repairs. By the way throughout the world. I'll now try don't complain that your attendant to recall a few of the lighter moments R.F.A. is too slow or you will find and incidents from the latter half of yourselves polishing their propeller the commission. on a Saturday afternoon at Subic The ship's geminis have been a god Bay! However, we were credited send, and without them many of the with improving her speed by one and diving occasions would never have a half knots. ; occurred. To find reasonable diving The final six months have been a conditions at Singapore, members of complete contrast from the 'Fighting the team on five occasions trans- C's' active role at the Lakonia In- ported two geminis by lorry to the cident, Tanganyika mutinies, Aden Malayan R.N.V.R. Base, K.D. Radfan air strikes and Malayan `Singapore' on the south side of the Confrontation which highlighted the island: Their jetty makes a useful first leg of the commission. This launching site for the trip to the excitment has been replaced by a `Two Sisters,' two rocks five miles pleasant higher harbour/sea ratio and south of Singapore. the divers have sampled the delights Lost articles recovered have topped of 'Med.' diving. Unofficial wreck the list of successes, and earned many diving was a new adventure to many a 'tot'. However, one diver was of the team, and Gibraltar sub-aqua really seen off when N.A.A.F.I. lost shops have done a roaring trade in a crate of beer from the gangway spear guns. The diving store keeper storing chain. The said box was was kept busy bulling up the equip- quickly brought up only to have The Team ment for the hanger display at mysteriously changed to twenty four Instanbul shown in the team photo- Lt.Cdr. J. M. Bingeman (Diving cans of fizzy lemonade! Another graph. E.M. (Air) R. E. Ricquish (SAR incident concerned the worried First Officer) Diver) Recreational diving in this ship has Lt. R. K. Ledsoni Lieutenant of a C.M.S. who some- L.S. P. McCormick how managed to let go both ends of proved a popular and worthwhile Mid. D. J. Gregory L.S. E. A. Hartley his anchor cable with a reputed Rate pursuit, and a termendous stimulus Ch. Mch. B. P. Nicholls L.S. J. M. Simpson Book value of £118 per shackle. He towards raising the standard of diving. While I'm not advocating R.E.L. Mch. G. Smith A.B. M. Hammel (Diving was greatly relieved when the Diving Officer found the missing cable. this to replace regular training on the P.O. R. J. McConnell Storekeeper) ship's bottom, it has enabled many A.B. G. S. Haydon At ships husbandry the team was of the divers to obtain four or five E.R.A. A. Ratcliffe A.B. T. S. Galliford most successful, and in many cases dips per month. helped to prevent a. premature dock- E.R.A. F. Muscroft O.S. P. Astle ing. Noted jobs were as follows:— Mech. S. Robinson M.(E.)1 D. Mulley O.A. G. H. Plant (Diving M.(E.)1 W. P. Dives Maintenance) Ck.(S) A. Percival L.A. D. R. Kincaid (SAR Diver) N.A.M.(0) T. Short

34 5. www.mcdoa.org.uk where the pot was rigged.

Dressing escaper — less than a

Drain tower. 1 minute.

total cycle time as each man Pressuriation after vent is cov- Shut hatch. 20 seconds. of his time). minute (and not counted in the H.I.S. reports ready. Hatch ered or shut. 25 seconds. Escaper enters tower, plugs into Hatch open — exit. 4 seconds. shut. 30 seconds. Tower flooded to vent height at 1 At. 30 seconds. should be dressed well ahead

Miner VI

Deeper than 100 feet it was un-

7.

The average escape was in fact as 6. 1. 3. 2. 4. 5.

During the first series at 100 feet the F.C.D.T. manned the S./M. casing

Despite this, one lensman got above to to control the press photographers. the former that he pointed to the range is clear'. the hatch and an escaper nearly being hazarded. I await a D.C.I. on not pointed at pressmen., No perfectly throughout, operated and surface mouthing complaints about this — `C.O's of sunken submarines maintained by Messrs. Thacker and scored a bulls eye. This so unnerved are to ensure that escape towers are escapes are to be made until the economical to keep divers on the Johnson of A.U.W.E. The Under- casing, and escapers were watched but did well enough. The film they leaving the upper hatch on closed water floodlights were less successful ran for the actual exit and the circuit television from inside the took is startling since the camera only underwater Keystone Cops film. follows : submarine. This excellent aid worked apparent rate of fire is about 10

seconds per man, rather like an

37

can'.

anyone

moored between two buoys

As for rates of compression, Oft. to

The limits for pressurisation and

The trials team arrived in Malta

In fact, when the trials started all

Of the actual trials little need be As each man surfaced he was met

The series at each depth was

450ft. in 15 seconds is about as fast pressure if he is going to be sure of that we would have no ear trouble. make these incidents any more fun, de-compression are difficult to estab- all the same. 315ft. in 8 seconds was achieved the trials. Knowledge of this didn't clearing his ears. In trials we stuck to through a mechanical failure and only resulted in perforated ear-drums lish without 'wastage', but Oft. to as a man should be put under around 25 seconds for this depth so with no damage. This last was done totally immersed and it is a peculiar sensation to blow a 20 litre bubble in a second. work-up and it took a long weekend and 85ft. to Oft. in 1 second was done getting worried. He and I did some in Malta to change all that. By our investigation that evening in some of the bars but found that all was fairly in very good shape despite the second day there the Doctor was well, though we did hear one member these escapes, were 100 % fit. Orpheus preceded by one or two unmanned her bow and stern ropes she could on the 100 fathom line: by adjusting saying over and over 'If we can do runs on the tower to check the pres- adjust her depth. ten had gone. said. We worked from H.M.S. continued until the whole party of by a Med F.C.D.T. gemini and taken suration rate, then manned runs www.mcdoa.org.uk www.mcdoa.org.uk

On occasions these runs ended

As the hood did not ever collapse

keeps on supplying 1 P.S.I. more,

hood and the heat of compression S.E.T. the unhappy occupant is very occasions trying to catch up with the top hatch opens and the build-up depth. As the H.I.S. is busy on these well, but on reaching depth the H.I.S. liable to get swept on at an ever bad as it sounds, but I choose this and more again. At sea, of course, increasing rate well past his intended itself, no cool fresh air reaches the name in the true tradition of divers does not occur, but in the S.E.T.T. Chokes, etc. with either the hood collapsing onto the face of the man inside or water perience for our team members. ailments like the Black Froth, the causes 'Baked Face'. This is not as coming up inside the hood and covering his face. With the pressure Sometimes the H.I.S. failed earlier coming on fast and with no means of inhaling, this was an unhappy ex- due to another unforeseen arti- breath at Atmosphere, they could go to at least 4 Ats. without further air. ficiality. However, it was known by all of the team that, taking a deep breath at the top of the S.E.T.T. and with lungs full at 3 Ats. (66ft.) a man without damage. S.E.T. always had his lungs full at 450ft.) without inhaling further, and dropping straight to the bottom, an least until the pressure had risen to (This is the equivalent of taking a everyday practice). In the same way, 3 Ats. or so, this was good enough to can go to 12 to 14 Ats. (350ft.- go the maximum depth expected in

instantly, and the occupant of the

36

PART II

Submarine Escape Trials

that I was illiterate: I have now EADERS of my last article on this subject must have thought

The last instalment of the escape So much for laziness. This was granted and Upshot

The success of the 200 foot trials

Another artificiality is caused by

R

not make a good magazine article. Four was planned.

learnt that the draft for a lecture does hoping to get approval to go on to 450 feet. story left the Submarine Escape Training Tank trials team having had proved that the stysem, which Mark VI (a modified immersion suit completed the 200 foot series, and with detachable hood) was good. A includes the Single Escape Tower Immersion Equipment (S. E. I. E.) prototype S.E.T. was therefore built (S.E.T.), the Hood Inflation System (H.I.S.) and the Submarine Escape in the Submarine Escape Training Tank building, but not in the main tank. To provide 600 feet of water for flooding the tower a large air loaded water reservoir was built and the top hatch cannot be opened when connected to the tower flood valve. The 'depth' can therefore be selected the chosen depth is reached, so, 1 P.S.I. above tower pressure. While As there is no 'sea' round the tower, the shore use of the Hood Inflation the tower is being pressurised all is decompression at an average of System. This system provides air at at will by varying the air pressure. the occupant gets rather a variable 9ft./sec. instead of a steady and pleasant ascent through the sea to the surface, www.mcdoa.org.uk 8. Various delays for checks of The Med. F.C.D.T. were very valves and hatches, last minute hospitable and helpful all the way. inspection of escaper. 1 minute. They were most correct in their Total time for one complete cycle saluting too; at least, underwater. I 3i minutes. which can be speeded up never saw a salute in air (though I'm to 3 minutes. sure they must do it) but they had countless photographs of themselves It is interesting to note that a man saluting underwater; in the bridge of at 1 At. in a submarine at keel depth Orpheus, on the casing, swimming by 500 feet may, 90 seconds later be on or leering into the ever-open eye of the surface. (Keel depth 500 feet = the telly. Perhaps it is because the Escapers depth 475 feet). right arm underwater weighs less and Altogether 86 ascents were made can therefore be raised more easily ? Confident — from between 100 to 500 feet. But what about drinking ? Divers To prove that this escape method drink much more ashore than Relaxed does not need special training, a underwater. party from H.M.S. Orpheus made We were all very happy to have in a Cooper-style ascents from 75 foot then 100-125 them looking out for us, and to know Leisure Suit feet. They all enjoyed it so much that that we were being picked up by they asked for a 200 foot run. How- people who know what the problems ever, time did not permit, and when were. they had done 200 feet they would Sensible Chap ! have asked for 300 feet and so on. In the event we had no trouble at One of the Orpheus team wore his all except for a bruised ear and a bit He bought his suit spectacles throughout. of sun-burn. from Coopers. This performance set the seal of What for the future ? approval on the system. One of these He paid no more days we shall hear of the ship's We are now having a training for generous Credit company of a submarine say to their S.E.T. fitted in the maintank at Captain, 'Please, we don't want a Dophin and proposals have been Terms. make and mend, we want to go to sea made for experiments and trials and do some escaping'. from deeper depths. Make sure your new suit is H.M.S. "Repulse" COOPERSTYLE URING May this year, the Far ment that the ship was not to be East Clearance Diving Team entered and nothing was to be Dhad the very great and possibly disturbed externally. This trust was unique privilege of carrying out a faithfully observed. brief diving survey on H.M.S. W. COOPER H.M.S. Repulse lies some 45 miles (Harwich) Ltd. Repulse. N.N.E. of the island of Pulo Tioman Approval for this operation was off the East coast of Malaya. Being granted on the grounds that it would so far from good navigational aids MAIN ROAD, HARWICH be good training value as well as the initial location of the wreck had being of unusual interest. Although to be carried out by a suitably BRANCHES AT ALL PRINCIPAL PORTS Repulse is not officially designated as equipped Frigate. H.M.A.S. Yarra a War Grave it is regarded as such was the one chosen for the task. Her and stress was placed on the require- mission was successfully carried out 38 39 www.mcdoa.org.uk www.mcdoa.org.uk and a datum dan buoy was laid some under-hanging the horizontal by possible, a mast was made up of a a propeller shaft. From this 'mast' three days before diving operations about 30 degrees. She lies in a mean 60 foot span of dan wire supported and immediately below it was sewn were scheduled to begin. depth of 180 feet with the stern in by three elliptical floats instead and a six breadths White Ensign which slightly deeper water of 196 feet, this was 'keel hauled' into position was last seen proudly billowing out The location of this datum marker and secured to its own part round in the tide. D.P.R.L. by H.M.S. Barfoil (acting as Diving perhaps caused by a tidal scour Support Ship) and M.F.V. 164 (with created over the years by prevailing the Diving Team embarked) was ocean currents. The bows lie in a initially thwarted by rough seas and heading of 196 degrees (true) which, heavy rain and it was feared that the were one to extend it on a map, marker might have dragged well ironically passes through Singapore clear of the wreck or even have sunk. from whence this magnificent ship Fortunately H.M.S. set out on her ill-fated mission 24 Ajax was in years ago this December. the area on her way back from Hong Kong and was able to assist. She The hull is in very good condition located the marker and confirmed with remarkably little marine growth that it was still close to the wreck. other than a scattering of sea eggs, a By this time daylight was fading and few anemones and small clams about the first day's work had been lost. 8 inches across. On the wooden However, Barfoil had laid a very decks, which are bleached white accurate heavy marker alongside and have lost their caulking, hang a Repulse and diving was able to mass of oysters. Fish life abounds commence the following morning; and the first customers normally which was, happily, a calm and clear seen on the way down were large one after the previous day's storm. shoals of barracuda, static and Of the 5/ days remaining one more staring with those big beady eyes. was to be lost due to rough weather Highly coloured angel fish and parrot and, in the closing stages for no fish were always present around the accountable reason, the tide changed wreck and also, occasionally, larger its working pattern and ran more and more fearsome inhabitants in the strongly, further hampering diving form of big grouper (or Jew fish) operations. over 6 feet long, twice as broad as Diving conditions, generally, were the average man, and having a excellent. The water was very clear viciously spiked long dorsal fin. "Follow on To" and, needless to say, warm. In fact, These parochial creatures were given underwater visibility was so good a wide berth, needless to say. that the silvery shape of Repulse The only sign of action damage Living in 'Sealab' II could be seen from the surface of the was a large jagged hole some 20 feet by C. C. WILTON-DAVIES, R.N. Physiological Laboratory sea through a face-mask, before the aft of and slightly above the sun rose too high and veiled her starboard bilge keel from which OST people know by now that To begin with — getting up in the with the increased reflection from twisted pipes and machinery grotes- Sealab II was a technical morning. It was found necessary to the mass of particles in the water. quely protruded. The theory put success, but few people outside keep within reach of a good hand- Those that claim to have seen forward that the 15 inch turrets fell the teams would be quite sure how to hold for the first few minutes of Repulse from the air and to have out when the ship capsized is cert- answer an invitation to stay in every day. The tendency to fall over clearly seen her mast are mistaken ainly not so in the case of 'Y' turret, Sealab III. To assist in this task, I was very strong until the mind could and have in fact seen the shadow which was seen to be properly in went to great trouble and expense to adjust itself to the realisation that area cast by the bulge keel. For this place and trained aft. pick up some tips on the art of the walls really were not vertical, majestic and awe-inspriing ship lies living in Sealab when I was really and that it was unwise to try to stand It was our intention, had Repulse supposed to be observing the scien- up parallel to them. This of course on the sea-bed almost completely been upright and her mast intact, to capsized to port with her starboard tific side of the experiment in was simply due to the sloping seabed, replace her battle ensign prior to September. which made the teams christen bilge keel uppermost and her decks leaving the area. As this was not 41 40 www.mcdoa.org.uk www.mcdoa.org.uk Sealab the `Tiltin' Hilton'. impossible to light cigarettes and that was so interesting to a porpoise, another 2i inch when both are Communications were very much candles, and an electric stove was a wild sealion decided to have a look falling through the water, so they better than in Sealab I, and no undue provided for cooking. The helium inside Sealab as well. have a lot to teach us about sonar. sense of isolation was experienced conducted the heat away from the It is difficult to know what to offer this time. The telly could be watched elements so fast that they would The U.S. Navy is very interested in porpoises, and many expect them to in exchange. Porpoises respond to off duty, and the Sealab was linked never glow, and a number of minor rewards and incentives rather than to the public telephone system. Many burns were sustained while seeing become as useful to the diver as the dog is to the policeman or security to punishment in training, and it is wives must have been immensely what had gone wrong with the stove. common to give little presents of fish comforted by being rung up at night Again because of this, water could guard. I was fortunate enough to be allowed in to the Naval Missile for good behaviour. During some to hear 'Quack, quack, quack, not be made to boil, although this tests with porpoises in the open sea quack'. Of course, business calls to was probably a good thing. Boiling Centre at Point Mugu, where about a dozen porpoises of various species off Hawaii, however, divers found the surface could go through the point at that pressure is about 300° that carrying a bag of fish, when the unscrambler and these were easily F, and the water temperature act- are under training. In one tank were a pair of Tuffy's close relatives, porpoise escort was on detached intelligible, helped both by the un- ually achieved of 284° F was high duty, seemed to attract too many scrambler and 20 % nitrogen in the enough to reduce cooking times to Pacific bottlenose porpoises, Alice and Dash. Both took a great sharks for peace of mind. After atmosphere breathed. In addition to seconds. Food of course was a some negotiation, the porpoises a- these speech links was a fascinating major topic of conversation, and interest in me as a new arrival with a foreign accent, and Alice obviously greed to accept plastic tokens which device called an Electrowriter. The there was great despondency when could be exchanged for fish when the sender merely writes his message on it was found impossible to cook took a fancy to me. She brought a plastic hoop over to my side of the porpoises purse was full. They'll be the flat bed of the instrument, and a pancakes. Tastes had to change in paying income tax next. pen at the other end of the line many little ways; some painful pool and left it floating near my reproduces it, handwriting and all. hand. Like a true gentleman, I I have been promised some tapes experiences with tongues being of porpoises noises recorded in Drawings can be transmitted in the sucked into airspaces of boiled pretended not to notice (Dash was same way. bigger than me and had far more known situations like capture, re- sweets produced an early requisition lease, feeding, etc. The idea is to for jellybabies. teeth), but Alice thought I was As well as nitrogen, the atmosohere playing hard to get, and spat a play them back to British porpoises in Sealab II contained 75.75 The good communications and the mouthful of water at me. I took the to see if they speak the same lan- helium and 4.25 % oxygen. The mixed team — no, no women, just hint and threw the hoop, and Alice guage. Mating calls were included high thermal conductivity of the scientists and engineers to leaven the was soon showing me that she could too — I shall have to be careful to helium meant that the temperature divers — helped to keep morale throw back as well as fetch the hoop. whom I play those. I shall end up in Sealab had to be kept up to 80° high, but visitors were always wel- I often wonder if she yet has enough being chased by a school of males or 90° Fahrenheit for comfort. The come. One of the most popular was experimental evidence to decide carrying placards 'Yankees go home', amazing diffusing power of helium Tuffy, an Atlantic bottlenose whether British men are better It is hoped that this guide will help brought another problem; T.V. cam- porpoise flown 150 miles by heili- training material than Americans. eras were mounted in Sealab so that those who have to decide whether or copter just to drop in on the divers not to stay in this type of 'hotel'. No the surface team could keep an eye Tuffy was quite capable of earning Certainly porpoises and men seem on things, and these were in oceano- to be learning from each other, and document of this length can claim to his keep though; in one test, he be comprehensive. This one is at graphic cases tested to pressures of brought down a bag of tools to it is difficult to decide which has 20,000 feet of sea water. The helium more to offer. A blindfolded por- least unbiased, since I could not Sealab, waited while one end of a afford to lose my observer's status managed to get in through the '0'- line was attached to his harness and poise can distringuish between a ball inch in diameter and by actually going down to Sealab. ring seals and extra grease, and once took it out to another diver 75 yards bearing 21 inside, its high thermal conductivity away on the bottom before surfacing altered the electronic focus of the after a total time of one minute 10 cameras and destroyed the picture. seconds. This was only a test, but Eventually the cameras had to be the second man could really have taken outside so that they peered in been lost, with visibility at 25 feet. through the windows; this was more to their taste, and they behaved Tuffy made a number of other, perfectly afterwards. less spectacular tests around Sealab, but the result of one of his dives The low oxygen content removed exceeded expectations. Curious all risks of fire — it was found about what was going on down there

42 43 www.mcdoa.org.uk D.L.

Terror.

F.E.C.D.T. TIES

At long last, and after the usual

order to Lt.Cdr. D. Lermite and

addressed to H.M.S. members of this team, the cost of the postage) payable by cheque or postal tie is one guinea each (including

note. Available to past and present production delays associated with British Industries, we are happy to heading this way, and should have Ties are actually on the High seas,

arrived here by the time you read this announce that the Far Flung C.D.

leg to speed his descent.

job. So had ton Sinkers tied to each

45

THOUGHT.

Letters to the Editor

DEEP IN

is the Word for Beer

Signed

Courage

In fact originated from the frog-

As readers are already aware the

man who took too long getting on the

Editors Note

lem ?

ens, but perhaps the learned editor

pite much research and communi- Frogmenton. However, an exper- could shed some light on the prob-

chukker boot. So the mystery deep- have not yet been able to define a while a Chinese sooth-sayer is certain it is the trade name of a type of F.E.C.D.T., past and present, will ienced cheese label collector suggests it is related to the Oggie Oggie bird, cation with the Zoological Society we

according to page 31, Vol. 12/1,

should be quite conspicuous. Des-

soon be sporting their new tie, which, www.mcdoa.org.uk www.mcdoa.org.uk

by kind permission

Make a noise and get blown up.

Keep quiet and add yourself to

the diet of one CROCODILE.

you are working on an accoustic

If

For those divers whose ships stop

(a) (b)

The Gilbertese hunt in pairs, one

So if, you want a little sport

This article is condensed from one in the

experts claimed this was no longer

than 30 minutes, but this particular

Underwater News Sheet,

Observations: or four hours. mine and you meet a `croc' you have the choice of two evils:

crocodile surfaced once every three related by Sir Arthur Grimble in his off at the Gilbert Islands on their way

to and from New Zealand there is a unique way of fishing, as practiced by some Gilbertese fishermen, and book, 'A Pattern of Islands'.

of the Surrey Constabulary. rock crevices. On sighting a tentacle `killer' then dives and, as the octopus watch underwater for movement in the 'bait' dives, arouses the octopus' as 'bait' and one as 'killer'. Swim- SOUTH SEA DIVING ming just off a reef at low tide they have a pretty good Ditty to spin embraced by its long arms. The `bait', the 'killer' jerks the 'bait'

interest and allows himself to be tries to sink its horny beak into the killing the octopus instantly. octopus' anchoring grip. The 'bait'

then kicks hard for the surface, and that is out of the ordinary talk your lays face upward, thus exposing it to the 'killer' who, holding the head, away from the crevice, breaking the then sinks his teeth between the eyes,

a set of false teeth if you're squeamish when you get back home! and, with a little bit of luck, you will chum into being the 'bait', borrow

a crocodile could stay submerged

n

S before surfacing to fill its lungs. The

44

•

to find the effect of underwater noises on crocodiles. rate, therefore using up the air effects of crocodiles on divers, matically increases breathing to establish the psychological

i.e. increased excitement auto-

supply more quickly.

Bulawayo Police have often had

URING 1964 the Sub-Aqua

sections of the Salisbury and

A suitable floating cage was con-

(a) An 8 foot crocodile weighing The tests were divided into two (b)

The cage was then moved closer to

It was interesting to note how long

therefore decided to conduct experi-

to dive in crocodile waters. It was either by the diver or his attendant ments to determine whether `crocs' Experiments with Crocodile on the surface. parts : could be scared away by noises made

D structed for the diver big enough to was put in a swimming pool and the give him movement and also to 5001bs. was used for the test. This contain some 'noise making' gadgets.

cage was lowered into the water complete with diver and noise-making tested and the reactions of the recorder on the surface. gadgets. Each noise gadget was crocodile were noted via a D.U.C.S. worn by the diver and connected to a the crocodile and the tests repeated,

present as great a danger as was at were able to swim free within three feet of the crocodile. During the tests, photographs were taken and and in the end members of the team one time thought. it is understood that these will be the results of the tests are not con- Note:

available in due course. Although clusive, all members of the team were satisfied that crocodiles do not www.mcdoa.org.uk Our Man Near Havana ORDER THESE FINE 17-JEWEL DIVING WATCHES DIRECT (Our How to Get a Quiet Number Without Really Trying) FROM SWITZERLAND AT A FRACTION OF RETAIL PRICE O there I was—it had really ing me luck. Even through their hard happened—I had a draft. Stand- exterior veneer did I not see a trace Sing peering through the misty of admiration ? For was not one of I7-JEWEL CALENDAR I7-JEWEL SKIN DIVING rain up at the steel juggernaut that their select number to be hurled to was to be my home for the next nine the cruel sea, on, of all things a only £4-0-0 and Sportsmen's months, I must have cut a brave General Service Ship!! My whole Chronograph figure on the jetty, next to my bat- being wanted to scream out—Com- or $12.00 tered Kit Bag (which had seen a few passionate reasons! P7R! Suez postpaid only L16-0-0 Wound!!—but no, after all, I was or seasons in `Vernons's Lay Apart Automatic Self-winding $46.00 Store), the taste of the Diving British so with stiff upper lip (a postpaid School coffee still fresh ( ?) in my complaint common amongst Diving only £11-0-0 mouth. It seemed strange that only Store coffee drinkers) I stepped out or $31.00 a few minutes before I had been to sail for those distant horizons. enmeshed in the security of the So there I was preparing to board school, surrounded by friends wish- the Whirlwind. Picking up my kit

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1111.111111b. 47 www.mcdoa.org.uk

I I

`HAPPY' `HAPPY'

Bossing-

cont. foot p. 50 50 p. foot cont.

sails into the the into sails

end this Pulitzer Prize Prize Pulitzer this end

Whirlwind Whirlwind

I I

at Chatham, who incidentally are are incidentally who Chatham, at

heard heard

from the fold fold the from

Well as as Well

Before Before

Who sez Captain Bligh is deceased ? ? deceased is Bligh Captain sez Who

`Work hard, play hard!' is oft to be be to oft is hard!' play hard, `Work

A shower, to say the least. least. the say to shower, A

The talent onboard is quite a hoard— hoard— a quite is onboard talent The

To try for the Spanish gold. gold. Spanish the for try To With our sets at the dip, we're away away we're dip, the at sets our With

We've had our fill of the U.K. cold, cold, U.K. the of fill our had We've And its damp and dismal air. air. dismal and damp its And

AN ODE FROM 'WHIRLWIND' 'WHIRLWIND' FROM ODE AN

C.D. who went to sea, this is your your is this sea, to went who C.D. man near Havana signing off. off. signing Havana near man

who knows. knows. who

painful. After trying this method method this trying After painful.

every finger a 'Walls' sausage, each each sausage, 'Walls' a finger every

setting sun, leaving behind it a solit- a it behind leaving sun, setting

can honestly claim that this diver has, has, diver this that claim honestly can ary R.A.s little brown case bobbing bobbing case brown little R.A.s ary

thumb a 60 watt bulb ! Perhaps its its Perhaps ! bulb watt 60 a thumb

your finger through the lay of a 3" 3" a of lay the through finger your

in its wake, a silent epitaph to the the to epitaph silent a wake, its in extra-spesh' berthing wire ? Damned Damned ? wire berthing extra-spesh'

due to the fact that I'm not a sailor, sailor, a not I'm that fact the to due

theory that sailors hands are 'every 'every are hands sailors that theory

expensive U.K. leg. leg. U.K. expensive finger a marlin spike and every thumb thumb every and spike marlin a finger

entry, I would like to refute the the refute to like would I entry, a fid.' Have any of you tried to put put to tried you of any Have fid.' a

Claughlin, who came aboard for a a for aboard came who Claughlin, month. So you can see its been an an been its see can you So month. run Chatham and Lieutenant Mc- Lieutenant and Chatham run

ton ton

`Ginge' Snell from his lonely outpost outpost lonely his from Snell `Ginge'

claiming to help Chief 'Taff' Packer Packer 'Taff' Chief help to claiming

the crowd showed up, including including up, showed crowd the

at Shotley, all the crew of the the of crew the all Shotley, at

purely by accident of course some of of some course of accident by purely

we went in U.K. out of the blue and and blue the of out U.K. in went we

drinking my own tot. Everywhere Everywhere tot. own my drinking

Indies. Speaking for myself, I'm I'm myself, for Speaking Indies.

diving in and around the West West the around and in diving

grey hills anyway—of Chatham, we we Chatham, anyway—of hills grey

still enthralled by the prospect of of prospect the by enthralled still

are looking forward to six months of of months six to forward looking are

49 49

Royal Oak. Oak. Royal

The buzz was we we was buzz The

Vernon. Vernon.

At the time of writing, we're half half we're writing, of time the At

There's not a lot of pure diving diving pure of lot a not There's

It wasn't as hard as I had first first had I as hard as wasn't It

Looking back now, those first few few first those now, back Looking

to your imagination. imagination. your to

way across the Atlantic. After wav- After Atlantic. the across way

bought a crutch, parrot and tricorn tricorn and parrot crutch, a bought

the fact that the Diving Officer has has Officer Diving the that fact the

has anything to do with it, I'll leave leave I'll it, with do to anything has

loons' and 'Pieces of Eight.' Whether Whether Eight.' of 'Pieces and loons'

ing farewell to the green hills—well, hills—well, green the to farewell ing divers blood pump round—`Doub- pump blood divers

the veil of secrecy that shrouds our our shrouds that secrecy of veil the

diving in the West Indies come little little come Indies West the in diving

held in in held

snippets of news that would make any any make would that news of snippets

the Sailors Return, etc. ! But under under But ! etc. Return, Sailors the

We didn't of course, but we did a few few a did we but course, of didn't We

hasn't changed a bit. bit. a changed hasn't

news from me. We've had our dips, dips, our had We've me. from news

were going to salve the the salve to going were

of course, but nothing to warrant warrant to nothing but course, of collected more gear than is at present present at is than gear more collected world is the fact that we seem to have have to seem we that fact the is world

The interesting part of our little little our of part interesting The

more needs to be said. 'Big Ar'fur' Ar'fur' 'Big said. be to needs more him when he held 'The Chair,' no no Chair,' 'The held he when him

good jobs on the George, the Albany, Albany, the George, the on jobs good

the Skipper, who prefers to remain remain to prefers who Skipper, the

any changes to the Diving Manual. Manual. Diving the to changes any

anonymous, but to anyone who knew knew who anyone to but anonymous, present keeping the sea lanes open! open! lanes sea the keeping present

imagined bringing the ships divers divers ships the bringing imagined

round to the C.D.s way of thinking. thinking. of way C.D.s the to round

in our ways, this being provided by by provided being this ways, our in

They already had a good grounding grounding good a had already They turns two and hold', I've settled in, in, settled I've hold', and two turns

metal box on the bulkhead (sorry (sorry bulkhead the on box metal

wall), which booms out mumbo- out booms which wall), and am one of the many who are at at are who many the of one am and

pagan rites on orders from a strange strange a from orders on rites pagan

jumbo, like, 'Let go four,' or 'Take 'Take or four,' go 'Let like, jumbo,

runs around carrying out ancient ancient out carrying around runs

in now and again—where everybody everybody again—where and now in

first appeared. Apart from that first first that from Apart appeared. first

hours weren't so terrifying as they they as terrifying so weren't hours

strange ritual—which I still take part part take still I ritual—which strange

angle (helped by my Kit Bag) I I Bag) Kit my by (helped angle

and adjusting my cap to a rakish rakish a to cap my adjusting and stumbled up the gangway. gangway. the up stumbled

www.mcdoa.org.uk www.mcdoa.org.uk

1.....10....111.4“6.S.•••••••1111.•••11c 1.....10....111.4“6.S.•••••••1111.•••11c

48 48

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embroidered to any design design any to embroidered

4

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Terror.

Barfoil.

off Changi Point, one of a

Lt.-Cdr. Lermite, F.R.C.D.T., Hope it's not too early to wish The first divers report was that she H.M.S.

After many inaccurate fixes the

Despite all the work there is

At the time of writing everyone is

There is a rumour that Ernie

holed. The idea was first to get the the sliding hatch of the cabin gave

was achieved by inserting a 20 man way leaving a jagged edge, which was laying on her starboard side, life raft in the after cabin of the yacht and inflating it. Unfortunately which was, as we found later, badly, which was tendered to us by a diver yacht upright on an even keel. This who viewed the whole incident. consequently punctured one section

everyone a Merry Christmas and a members of the F.E.C.D.T. for ties, packing. Cheques and Postal Orders Happy New Year from the Far Stretched, I mean East. yacht was finally located by a fix price one guinea including post and should be addressed to:—

problem for our friendly Bar Boat H.M.S.

busy shovelling up a Royal Air Force answer orders by last minute pair that ditched last week. Being in Javelin only 20 feet of water, it is a bit of a always a spare minute to two to

Foggin is contemplating a 'take

over' bid on the old hangar to grow firmed. of the hangar. tomatoes, but to date this is uncon-

court, whilst the 'brickies' are erect- ing a new compressor house in rear

launching ramp and gemini fore-

and we now sport our own concrete

51

SUN . . . ITU

Mersey,

displace-

Pier and

Victorious.

Sunitu,

Pier. The yacht

Vernon

It obviously had to

Vernon

Alice II.

ment 9 tons, was involved

N Sunday 18th July 1965 the

chartered yacht

Meanwhile, one of the first pair We have had the builders in again

R.N.R.. off Harbour, as she was laid on the Beach Road Pier. her crew were rescued by the Camber bottom between be raised as soon as possible as it

page Tables in 69 dialects of Chinese. was holed on her starboard side, constituted a hazard to shipping entering and leaving Portsmouth publish a Diving Manual and Stop- Tender `get' a Bend, and we will award a

they emerged, long of beard and one greatly improved, one no- thirst for ale. Conclusion — I hope companion. In the fullness of time the same team is at hand if I ever O in a collision with H.M.S. during the day and became enthus- Beckenham of H.M.S. iastic with his exercises, though little Clearance diver with a man sized improvement was evident in his short of temper, with a net result of and sank within a few minutes. All `A' and, in due course, emerged in on the principle of 'I'm up — why change and one Chinese speaking case of 'Scotch' to anyone willing to slowly recovered the use of his limbs Ships Diving Officer, had to be called out by his colleagues, working should he get away with it ?' dissuaded from administering enemas Hicks, C.D.O., and Surg. Lt.-Cdr. The late arrival was treated on part good health and humour, Chinese style that is. Surg. Lt. McKay, a all round as revenge for his being The Rising of the

quickly under the watchful eye of Lt. www.mcdoa.org.uk www.mcdoa.org.uk

and

Sunday Times

Within the hour the

Two session of under-water demo-

The R.C.C. came into its own for

L/Sea. 'Dave' Coote acted as

The therapeutic table part (1) is

of a rock pinnacle in the fairway near

Pulau Ubin, and (2) assisting our in the deep hole, since a surprising off Johore Bahru from a passing litions, followed, viz, (1) there moval amount seems to get washed ashore. of two 1,000 bombs. Between bangs

'plane. collegues in 'Hubberston' to dispose pression. It was a little difficult to some pieces of aircraft were re- covered, having fallen into the sea

Chinese divers in dire need of recom- English, but the gist of the matter

was that they had been setting fish a period in September when an as neither of the patients spoke ambulance arrived bearing two get any concise information at first, traps at about 200 feet somewhere in the China Sea and had omitted to

been suffering from 'Bends' for three

carry out 'stops' and were pretty far gone. At time of arrival they had days. him to figure in several paragraphs

in the Malaysian attendant diver, a task which caused bad enough but one patient 're- occurred' at 60 feet at 2.30 a.m., so

down they went again. At almost the several U.K. papers. Base and that it should be arriving

same time another local hospital 'phoned to report that it had sent

operation progressed smoothly and another 'Bends' case to the Naval tricians had arrived. The whole crane, and the duty watch of elec- ambulance, portable R.C.C., mobile shortly.

50

H.M.S. TERROR

It was disappointing to receive the

Although in fact the un-classified

Back at work, Seremban provides

Ports

there too

well

sea

Dear Ed.

However, here goes — and with the before he goes on Seasonal Leave. forget things like catching the Editor perhaps this epistle will arrive in time last copy of the Magazine only to find that our contribution was missing. Our fault of course as we tend to

for the Winter Edition. assistance of a turbo jet forked stick the past three months does not make

exciting reading, the term 'classified' activities of the F.E.C.D.T. during Kong in July, the scribe was re- with poised pen to the accounts of

STOP PRESS FROM F.E.C.D.T. minded of the various disasters that Chief Norman and members on their return from an assault on Hong can be in both an official and self- inflicted sense. For having listened print. With that thought in mind and

of the big spenders' ever appeared in the details of the exploits of 'the last Hong Kong Hilton', suffice to say it can happen to his beer and batty if having seen the 'bill' headed 'The

must have been a good run.

ing an eye on the ammunition dump

constant employment such as keep- We've dived our way round U.K. Belgium and France—we've dived For spoils that are always there! And the continent had its share;

But now we must sail and bid fare- Big `Arf' and 'Happy,' his C.D.3.

So spare a thought for that pair pf the

To these chilly old English shores.

he he

Vernon Vernon

compression compression

Vernon Vernon

There was an immediate improve- immediate an was There

A near fatal delay occurred during during occurred delay fatal near A

transfusion was carried out. Twenty Twenty out. carried was transfusion

hours later he was removed from the the from removed was he later hours

but he remained extremely ill, and and ill, extremely remained he but

at a pressure of 100 feet, intravenous intravenous feet, 100 of pressure a at

Symptomatic improvement continued continued improvement Symptomatic

breathing improved, the state of of state the improved, breathing

ment; the pulse became stronger, the the stronger, became pulse the ment;

confluent purple patches fragmented. fragmented. patches purple confluent

consciousness recovered and the the and recovered consciousness

of 165 feet of water. water. of feet 165 of

to a pressure equivalent to a depth depth a to equivalent pressure a to

purple. Visibly and palpably deter- palpably and Visibly purple. back to the the to back

diver's laconic eye he was compressed compressed was he eye laconic diver's

chamber, and moribund even to a a to even moribund and chamber,

iorating he was transported hastily hastily transported was he iorating

his skin coalesced so that his whole whole his that so coalesced skin his

trunk and most of his limbs were were limbs his of most and trunk

became feebler, he became mentally mentally became he feebler, became

During this period his cries for help help for cries his period this During

confused and the purple patches in in patches purple the and confused

cause of the pain in his abdomen. abdomen. his in pain the of cause

compression, and an opinion on the the on opinion an and compression, Hospital to obtain help with in- with help obtain to Hospital

travenous transfussions before re- before transfussions travenous

which he was taken to a Portsmouth Portsmouth a to taken was he which blood pressure. He cried out with with out cried He pressure. blood

thing'. thing'.

anxiety 'For Christ's sake do some- do sake Christ's 'For anxiety

abdomen, shoulders and knees. He He knees. and shoulders abdomen,

impossible to detect a pulse or any any or pulse a detect to impossible

was in a state of shock and it was was it and shock of state a in was

with his breathing; and pains in his his in pains and breathing; his with

but becoming confused. He looked looked He confused. becoming but

purple patches. He complained of of complained He patches. purple

tightness in the chest and of difficulty difficulty of and chest the in tightness

bloated and his trunk and limbs limbs and trunk his and bloated

were becoming covered with discrete discrete with covered becoming were

took place. On arrival at at arrival On place. took

was moribund. He was conscious conscious was He moribund. was

period a considerable deterioration deterioration considerable a period

could be carried out and during this this during and out carried be could

hours before further compression compression further before hours

journey by ambulance of about two two about of ambulance by journey

53 53

Vernon Vernon

This involved a a involved This

Vernon. Vernon.

IVERS do not often raise their their raise often not do IVERS

managing the 'Pot' at at 'Pot' the managing

eyebrows, but the duty divers divers duty the but eyebrows,

Because of this complicating turn turn complicating this of Because

His initial symptoms of cramp-like cramp-like of symptoms initial His

The pressure time diagram diagram time pressure The

It was the body of a young young a of body the was It

H.M.S. H.M.S.

of events he was transferred to to transferred was he events of

patches (pressure bruising) were were bruising) (pressure patches

knees. On reaching atmospheric atmospheric reaching On knees.

present. present.

pressure it was noticed that the the that noticed was it pressure

pains, vomitting, and pains in the the in pains and vomitting, pains, abdomen was distended and purple purple and distended was abdomen

of this he developed abdominal abdominal developed he this of

more prolonged compression was was compression prolonged more

carried out. During the later stages stages later the During out. carried

of stiffness in the leg and the second, second, the and leg the in stiffness of

period of 15 hours were applied. applied. were hours 15 of period

of therepeutic compression over a a over compression therepeutic of

After the first he still complained complained still he first the After

(diagram 1) shows how two sessions sessions two how shows 1) (diagram

routine decompression following his his following decompression routine

pains in the legs came on during during on came legs the in pains

equivalent to 80 feet of water. water. of feet 80 to equivalent

first shift. shift. first

tunnel, working under a pressure pressure a under working tunnel,

after he had developed Bends follow- Bends developed had he after

to the decompression routine used, used, routine decompression the to

ing a four-hour session in a nearby nearby a in session four-hour a ing

not known, but it was a reaction reaction a was it but known, not

the circulation going. The precise precise The going. circulation the

his blood vessels into his tissues so so tissues his into vessels blood his

that there was not enough blood blood enough not was there that

cause of the shift of his plasma is is plasma his of shift the of cause

circulating round his body to keep keep to body his round circulating

that the plasma had moved out of of out moved had plasma the that

as hypovolaemia. His trouble was was trouble His hypovolaemia. as

engineer who had developed a a developed had who engineer complication of the Bends known known Bends the of complication

the chamber on a Niell Robortson Robortson Niell a on chamber the

stretcher. stretcher.

incoherent body was passed into into passed was body incoherent

last year did so when a blue, bloated, bloated, blue, a when so did year last

on the night of the 7th December December 7th the of night the on

D Any more for the "Pot" ? ? "Pot" the for more Any

www.mcdoa.org.uk www.mcdoa.org.uk

Creek, Creek,

Vernon Vernon

B. & T. T. & B.

Vernon Vernon

Once under the crane, strops were were strops crane, the under Once

Although this task was completed completed was task this Although

of neutral bouyancy, her keel touch- keel her bouyancy, neutral of

piece. For the tow a large nylon nylon large a tow the For piece.

decided to tow her into into her tow to decided

where we could lift her out in one one in out her lift could we where

hawzer was passed around the hull hull the around passed was hawzer

ing the bottom. In this state it was was it state this In bottom. the ing

Creek, to a position under the crane, crane, the under position a to Creek,

then towed slowly into into slowly towed then

the D22 (Diving Tender). She was was She Tender). (Diving D22 the

of the gradient of the sea-bed. sea-bed. the of gradient the of

(shown in diagram) and brought to to brought and diagram) in (shown

gradually rising on the way, because because way, the on rising gradually

repairs. repairs.

Camper Nicholson's of Gosport for for Gosport of Nicholson's Camper

with `makee Learnee' equipment the the equipment Learnee' `makee with

raised to the surface complete. A A complete. surface the to raised passed under her hull and she was was she and hull her under passed

have been a boon. boon. a been have

tingle was fitted over the hole, and and hole, the over fitted was tingle

insurance agent, she was towed to to towed was she agent, insurance availability of lifting bags would would bags lifting of availability

after a survey by shipwrights, and an an and shipwrights, by survey a after

52 52

g(ANITU g(ANITU

E RISING OF THE SUN-ITU " " SUN-ITU THE OF RISING E

TH

upright. It was then decided decided then was It upright.

On Monday morning it was was it morning Monday On

bouyancy did in fact bring the yacht yacht the bring fact in did bouyancy

on an even keel, the mast actually actually mast the keel, even an on breaking surface, work had to be be to had work surface, breaking

of the raft. Although this additional additional this Although raft. the of

adverse. The next slack water was was water slack next The adverse.

0900 the following morning. morning. following the 0900

any other gear which was sculling in in sculling was which gear other any

stopped as tidal conditions were were conditions tidal as stopped

decided to strip all loose rigging, and and rigging, loose all strip to decided

and around the yacht. This then then This yacht. the around and

was to secure three 45 gallon oil oil gallon 45 three secure to was

now being on an even keel in a state state a in keel even an on being now

the forward hatch. This was done, done, was This hatch. forward the

to push another 20 man life raft down down raft life man 20 another push to

proved only part successful because because successful part only proved of tidal conditions and securing securing and conditions tidal of

drums either side of the hull. This This hull. the of side either drums

facilities. In fact two oil drums were were drums oil two fact In facilities.

and proved very successful, the yacht yacht the successful, very proved and

Sunitu Sunitu

gave us a clear start. The first idea idea first The start. clear a us gave secured which did help in keeping the the keeping in help did which secured www.mcdoa.org.uk

TIME SCALE IN HOURS National Sport Diving Championships 1965 12 36 1 46 56 N early August an invitation teams took in excess of 1 hour to

0 = fF, 2 from Aldershot (Dolphins) branch complete the course. The first half

SSION Iof B.S.A.C. was forwarded to of the teams were allowed to pass 0 so C r the C.D. Diving School in H.M.S. on any hints to the remaining half of OMPRE C COMPR Vernon, to take part in the National their respective teams and P.O. TI IC C Championships which were to be Lusty and L./Sea. Quinn completed EUT held in the Aldershot open-air pool their circuit in 19 minutes, 20 seconds ERAPEU on the 18th September. The invita- with penalties of 2 minutes. These

d THERAP tion was acknowledged and a team combined times were sufficient to consisting of P.O. R. Pilling, P.O. win the C.D. Team 1st place overall. L. Maynard, P.O. R. Lusty, L./Sea. At the presentations, during the J. Quinn, L./Sea. G. Denton and Club dance that evening, the C.D's L./Sea. T. Curry began practicing for asked that the winning Trophy be the event in the Pitt Street Baths. presented to the top amateur team, The practice consisted of sharing the London branch of B.S.A.C. The `sets' (using Ex'ped Diving gear), O 160- trophy being a large Silver Rose Bowl. X changing sets, dressing and un- However, having also won the trophy dressing. The lessons learned from for the most efficient team, the C.D's DIAGRAM I the Crystal Palace venture had been did not come away empty-handed. This shows the pressure to which this man was subjected, firstly in the tunnel, then in worth while. the compression chamber at the site, and thirdly at Vernon. Our thanks are due to the On the day of the championships Aldershot Club who did a fine job of the Aldershot Pool was set up with organizing the Championships, and underwater tasks. Briefing was by we hope that the Navy is invited to tape recorder, ensuring that all teams take part in more of these events. had exactly the same knowledge. A visit is planned for the near The teams were split into two future, when we hope that the groups of two. P.O. Pilling and P.O. London Branch of B.S.A.C. will Maynard were first to enter the water, bring their trophy, offering us the taking 22 minutes to complete the opportunity of photographing it for CHANGE IN --2 CHANGE IN circuit plus 4 minutes penalty time. a future edition of the Magazine. BODY WEIGHT -3 LIMB It was interesting to note that some A.D.

kg. CIRCUMFERENCE

bodyweight chamber and transferred to the subsequently with good spirits of a

\ / intensive care unit of a nearby bottled variety. hospital, where he remained for the The attendant developed a Bend next four weeks. in the knee after the 'patient' had 0 5 10 The alert and good humoured surfaced, and had hismelf to be DAYS attention which this very sick man recom pressed. The divers' eyebrows I Itt FLUID BALANCE received from the duty divers was had by this time returned to the +550 -800 -410 -1880 -710 -150 +130 ? -130 0 ml. impressive. Curiously enough he was straight and level, because of their aware of their care and concern even own diverse diseases they do not DIAGRAM II when he was most ill. The good turn a hair. This shows the changes in weight and limb circumference which occured during his spirit of the divers was reciprocated SURG. LT. ROWTON LEE. recovery, thus demonstrating the elimination of plasma from his tissues.

54 55 www.mcdoa.org.uk www.mcdoa.org.uk PROMOTIONS AND ADVANCEMENTS S./L. L. Donald (R.A.N.) To C.D.* S./L. L. Churcher A.B. G. Porter P.O. S./L. J. Hendricks A.B. H. Trotter P.O./C.P.O. R. Compton A.B. E. Roberts P.O./C.P.O. T. Norman. N. A./M. (2) J. Curtin To C.D. I P.O. Burrows To C.D.O. P.O. Rees S.L. O'Driscoll P.O. Campion S.L. Stewart P.O. Walker L. Shepard P.O. Harrison L. Barrett

Since 1949 TYPHOON DIVING EQUIPMENT hasibeen manufactured for the Sports Diver in the United Kingdom. Today the most comprehensible range comprises equipment of our own manufacture, such as Typhoon Suits, Fins, Masks, Snorkels, etc., as well as selected imported products, Diver's Watches, Underwater Cameras, Harpoon Guns and two-stage, single hose compressed air Demand Valves.

"So this is what they do with their holes when they don't find oil" E. T. SKINNER & Co. Ltd. 2 LOCHALINE STREET LONDON, W.6. Tel.: RIVerside 8341

56 www.mcdoa.org.uk