Agée De 400 Million D'années

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Agée De 400 Million D'années Français Casse - tête! Q. Quel est le point commun entre R. On trouvera du granite de la Agée le phare de Beachy Head, le Môle à lande de Bodmin à tous ces endroits. Gibraltar, le grand magasin Marks Et les routes et le béton en contiennent & Spencer à Bruxelles, New Scotland aussi. Mais il en reste encore de 400 Yard, les docks de Calcutta, le Pont beaucoup, et c’est ce granite-là qui de la Tour de Londres, Congress rend Bodmin Moor unique. Et cela House et la Bourse de Londres? fait plus d’un siècle que les fantastiques million formes naturelles de ces chaos de pierres font l’objet de protection. d’années A39 Granite A30 Peswar A395 Launceston Camelford cans mylvyl bledhen yn A30 A39 formyans HAL A388 Wadebridge A390 A389 Callington FAWYTH Bodmin Liskeard A38 A390 A390 A30 Saltash A391 A38 Lostwithiel Eden Project St Austell Looe Fowey Plymouth Texte de John Macadam On peut également lire cette brochure Photographies de John Macadam, David Chapman, Tim Dingle, Nigel Hoppé, sur Internet, et en version anglaise, Steve Hartgroves (CAU), Stuart Hutchings, Tim Neale, allemande, espagnole et hollandaise: David Holyoak, Colin Butler, Robin Paris, Peter Wakely / English Nature, & Environment Agency. www.southeastcornwall.co.uk & Photographies anciennes fournies par le Royal www.bodminmoor.co.uk Cornwall Museum, et le Cornwall Centre / Kresenn Kernow, Nous remercions les sponsors suivants: Wheal Martyn Museum, Liskeard Museum, Liskeard Old English Nature’s Aggregates Levy Sustainability Fund, Cornwall Society, Michael Messenger (Twelveheads Press), La commune de Caradon, La commune de North & Neil Parkhouse (Lightmoor Press). Nous remercions Cornwall, Cornwall Wildlife Trust. également The Best of Bodmin Moor Group. Texte © John Macadam, Earthwords 2003, 2005 www.earthwords.co.uk Dessins – Brin Edwards Conception – Aawen Design Studio · www.aawen.com Traduction – Amanda Martin Traduit de l’anglais par – Anne-Hélène Kriegk et Patrick Lebourgeois Attention, Une publication de la Communauté de Communes de Caradon La Cornouailles vous et de North Cornwall 2003, 2005. souhaite la bienvenue Fragile! ISBN 0-948410-10-8 Imprimé sur du papier sans chlore Kernow a’gas dynargh. gwreugh hy cherysa Stowe’s Pound, un enclos néolithique Trethevy Quoit Depuis plus de 5000 ans on se sert Ce n’est pas étonnant que tant du granite dans la construction à d’édifices existent encore. Au départ Bodmin Moor, c’est-à-dire depuis l’ère on s’est servi des cailloux en vrac que néolithique. Avec de telles réserves l’on ramassait à l’affleurement. Mais de pierre résistante, il n’est guère au 19ème siècle, la qualité de la roche L’église surprenant que le granite ait servi requise par le génie civil a conduit à d’Altarnun, de manière très variée : par l’extraction et à l’exportation qui se consacrée à Ste Nonna exemple, la construction, les poursuit d’ailleurs encore de nos jours. tombeaux, les monuments Ceci explique pourquoi des millions de commémoratifs, et les croix. personnes connaissent le granite de Bodmin Moor sans le savoir ou sans même avoir visité cette lande! Il se peut même que vous ayez roulé sur des matériaux concassés provenant de la lande de Bodmin, réduits en Long Tom agrégats composant le macadam. La Pierre du Roi Doniert, à la mémoire d’un ancien roi cornouaillais Granite fendu et abandonné Des fentes taillées dans le granite 2 Le phare d’Eddystone Mais nous raisonnons ici à l’échelle Les quelques fossiles qu’elle contient en 1881: Le nouveau géologique et non à l’échelle de furent également déformés. Dans la phare fut construit en l’Homme. région de Delabole, dans les meilleures granit provenant de la carrière De Lank située ardoises, les coquillages se dans la lande de Bodmin. Tout commença par le dépôt de transformèrent en papillons! C’est en Presque toute la tour à sédiments fins sous forme de boues tous les cas ce que l’on a vendu aux Papillon de Delabole, rayures rose bonbon dans les fonds marins de mers touristes de l’époque victorienne. de Smeaton se trouve il s’agit d’un coquillage et tropicales il y a 400 à 350 millions non pas d’un insecte! actuellement à Bien au-dessous des montagnes Plymouth Hoe. d’années. Par la suite, le mouvement lent de plaques tectoniques à la l’écorce terrestre se mit à fondre, surface de la terre a fait disparaître faisant jaillir des bulles de magma à cet océan et la collision des plaques l’image d’une lampe à bulles. À la Roche métamorphisée entre elles a fait apparaître une différence de votre douce lampe à bulles décorative, les bulles de magma parsemée de chaîne de montagnes à la place. La minéraux néoformés étaient alors extrêmement chaudes boue se transforma en ardoise avec (environ 800˚C) et certaines durent des plis et des failles. même exploser à la surface entraînant la mise en place des volcans. Mais la plupart du granite se solidifia à deux ou trois kilomètres de profondeur, il y a environ 290 millions d’années, venant Ardoise métamorphisée avec apparition de recuire l’ardoise cristaux en forme qui l’entourait. d’aiguilles On se sert du granite de la lande de Bodmin dans des constructions de tous genres : fermes, églises, croix, rotondes, phares, ports, docks, trottoirs, routes, canalisations et ponts. Y compris – les docks à Bombay, Copenhague, Devonport, Liverpool, Southampton et Singapour; les phares de Beachy Head et d’Eddystone; le British Museum; Congress House; les quais de la Tamise; le Pont de Londres; l’ancien grand magasin de Marks & Spencer à Bruxelles; Milton Keynes; New Scotland Yard; l’Hôtel de ville de Newcastle-upon-Tyne; la digue de Portland; la cour de l’Académie Royale à Piccadilly; la Bourse de Londres; Tate Gallery; le Môle de Gibraltar; le pont de la Tour de Londres; le Pont de Westminster; la gare de Waterloo à Londres; le grand magasin de Woolworth’s à Oxford Street. 4 Granite de De Lank Chalcopyrite, À mesure que le granite refroidit, il La formation du granite précéda la Showery Tor minerai de cuivre rétrécit et se fissura. De l’eau désertification de la Grande-Bretagne, & quartz chaude s’infiltra dans l’ardoise, y compris la Cornouailles. Mais rien dissolvant des métaux puis les ne reste longtemps en l’état sur le déposant sous forme de veines plan géologique. La Grande-Bretagne minérales au fur et à mesure que la dérivait progressivement vers le nord. température baissait. Le niveau de la mer fluctuait. À un moment donné il est probable que La lente décomposition des toute l’étendue de granite du Sud- minuscules quantités d’uranium qui ouest de l’Angleterre fut submergée. se trouvent dans le granite produit Au fur et à mesure que la mer de la chaleur qui a favorisé la redescendait, l’érosion de grands pénétration de l’eau, véritable Cassitérite, bancs plats (d’anciens fonds ballon d’eau chaude fonctionnant à minerai d’étain marins) transformèrent le paysage. l’énergie nucléaire ! De l’eau L’aérodrome de Davidstow se situe chaude a également fait pourrir du feldspath ce sur l’un d’eux à 300 mètres au- qui donne le kaolin. dessus du niveau de la mer. Depuis Rough Tor à 400 mètres on peut imaginer les étapes de la minerai de transformation du paysage (il vaut manganèse mieux les imaginer en accéléré sinon ça risque d’être un peu long!). Logan Rock, un rocher à bascule à Little Roughtor Hématite, minerai de fer Roughtor Traquet motteux mâle ‘Green Jim’ – mineral d’uranium 6 La commune de Caradon, avec l’autorisation de l’Ordnance Survey, a fourni les cartes OS de ce livret afin de remplir sa mission publique de promotion de la reconversion économique de la région. Veuillez contacter le bureau de l’Ordnance Survey dans le cas où vous désiriez reproduire ces cartes. Sur la base de la Hal signifie lande en 5 i cartographie de l’Ordnance Survey et avec l’autorisation du directeur du Stationery Davidstow Office Crown Copyright de sa Majesté. Toute reproduction non autorisée sera cornouaillais et Fawyth k Hallworthy poursuivie en justice. Communauté de Communes de Caradon. LA 077402. 2003. + A39 (‘hêtres’) se dit Fowey. O A395 La lande de Bodmin Slaughter s’est appelée Bridge Foweymoor pendant CAMELFORD Pipers LAUNCESTON des centaines Laneast i 5 P k i 5 T P Davidstow Pool Woods k % M T + d’années jusqu’à ce % M k 5 % qu’un nouveau nom lui P Crowdy Reservoir St Clether Pipit farlouse Delabole Lower Trewen Tregadillett soit attribué sur les Moor 5 O Bray premiéres cartes d’état-major. High Polyphant P Down South Helstone Moor Buttern A30 5 % Little Petherwin St Teath Roughtor Hill Altarnun Légende k 420m West Moor i % k Roughtor O Piste nationale cyclable Advent Fivelanes Lewannick + Brown Leskernick 5 i Information touristique Louden Hill Willy Hill M 5 % + The B3257 k i P Parking Michaelstow Alex Tor Butter's Beacon King Garrow To r Larrick T WC k Fox Tor Arthur's To r Tolborough Halvana B3254 5 Auberges Downs + To r A388 Plantation North k Eglise + East Moor Coad's 5 % Bolventor Hill 0 Sports aquatiques Green k i O Hawk's 5 k % 5 P To r Bureau de poste Bruyère cendrée 5 % k i Hawk's Trewortha Twelve + Site historique St Breward To r M k To r St Tudy R Men's Moor iver Fow Smallacoombe M Musée + + Bray Shop + Dozmary Downs Kilmar Tor B3257 S De Lank A30 Gare Pool Langstone Downs % ey 5 River Camel River 5 i Siblyback 5 Brown Sharp Tor Temple Moor Rilla Mill 5 k Blisland Gelly Downs k Colliford Stowe's Hill Henwood 5 % k Brown Linkinhorne B3266 P T Lake + Kelly Bray Gelly Cheesewring 5 % T i 5 i O Carburrow P R 5 % Cardinham Siblyback Craddock Moor Upton iver Lynher To r % M Moor Lake + T Cross Helland P Draynes HAL Tregarrick Tor % Common Minions + Caradon Hill + Penkestle 0 P T Pensilva Moor Common Moor Darite k % T 5 Stowe's Hill A30 Cardinham Warleggan k 5 CALLINGTON Golitha Falls i P k % FAWYTH Treslea P T + Trethevy Quoit Downs King Doniert's Stone + Cardinham St Neot 5 % k BODMIN i 5 T Woods i T 5 St Cleer Tremar O Mount St Cleer St Ive 5 k T i M La mine de P % M k k % P P T S P T Downs Phoenix Tawna Goonzion k B3254 Downs Downs A390 A38 River Fowey LISKEARD 5 M T k % S P i S Bécassine des marais Orchis tacheté Linaigrette 8 Belted Galloway Il y a peut-être 40 ou 50 millions Aujourd’hui, nous sommes en d’années le terrain de cette région période interglaciaire, c’est-à-dire subissait un climat chaud et humide.
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