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The Association for Industrial Archaeology Free to Members of Aia INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY 125 SUM MER 2 ()03 THE BULLETIN OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY FREE TO MEMBERS OF AIA Madeira sugar rgrill o Essex breweries r first factcrie:; 6 new ffi*rnthea av';ard r&<sey via uet e HRasrmus prize * regimmal ne s e eamal uhlIe;xtimns Safeguarding the heritage of the Hinton Sugar Mill, Madeira Portugal has contributed to the principles of wine, at times when sugar trading was in decline. sustained development and the safeguarding of The nineteenth century saw the last INDUSTRIAL our heritage in the Council of Europe as well as revitalisation of sugarcane production, in the ratification of conventions regarding the conformity with the tendency seen in ARCHAEOLOGY archaeological heritage of Europe. ln light of Mediterranean agriculture towards a proliferation these common principles ARCHAIS (AssociaESo of labour intensive plantations as the solution to L25 de Arqueologia e Defesa do Patiln6nio da under-employment in countries and regions with S 2()03 Madeira) considers the announcement of the a large population growth and late denolition of the Hinton Sugar Mill (fornerly the industrialisation. In the archipelago of Madeira, was Honorary President TorreSo Factory) to be a grave violation by the the return to sugarcane production Prof Angus Buchanan regional and local authorities of Madeira. The mill correlated with the phase of decline in the wine 13 Hensley Road, Bath BA2 2DR is an important vestige of Europe's history of cycle, another dominant product in the regional Chairman sugar and of the historical relationship of the economy of the time. Mike Bone Sunnyside, Avon Close, Keynsham, Bristol 8531 2UL Madeira archipelago with Europe. The author is Sugarcane was cultivated under a system of Vice-Chairman President of ARCHAIS. small properties and intensive mixed farming. Prof Marilyn Palmer Local industry transformed this primary product School of Archaeological Studiet The University, into suga; meant for export to continental Leicester LE1 7RH Elvio Duarte Martins Sousa Portugal and the Azores (in the second half of the Secretary David Alderton Soon after the discovery of the Archipelago of century), and into another two new products, 48 Quay Street, Halesworth, Suffolk lP]9 8EY Madeira in the fifteenth century a perfectly brandy and alcohol intended for the local market. Treasurer unrestricted economy developed here, orientated The local industry was comprised of factories Richard Hartree processing and sugar mills for the Stables Cottage, Sibford Fenis, Banbury 0X1 5 5RE to the export of sugar to Northern Europe, where for sugarcane lA Review Editor the rise of urban settlements had resulted in the production of brandy and sugar, equipped Dr David Gwyn search for new opportunities. This fact essentially with traditional technology using Nant y Felin, Fford Llannllynfri, Pen y Groes, represented only a transformation from the animals for traction and the motive force of Caernarfon LL54 5LY not water, although steam had already been in use lA News Editor subsistence economy and provision of food for Dr Peter Stanier the crown to another type of economy impelled for milling by some factories. As had been the 49 Breach Lane, Shaftesbury Do6et SP7 8LF by profit making. This also meant the archipelago, case all over the world, the technological Aff iliated Societies off icer which at the time was relatively autonomous innovations of the nineteenth century were not Prof Ray Riley the kingdom, became part incorporated homogeneously by all local industry 8 Queen's Keep, Clarence Parade, Southsea, Hampshire from the authority of PO5 3NX of the new Atlantic Europe, characterised by but only the firms that had a greater investment Conference Secretary strong commercial and cultural relations. capacity. These were Ferraz & Brother and William Tony Parkes On the other hand, the structure of this H. Hinton & Sons, the latter established in 1856 60 School Lane, Hill Ridware, Rugeley Ws'l 5 3QN economy, based on the production and export of and proprietors of the TorreSo Factory - known as Endangered Sites Officer by local population. Dr Mike Nevell sugar, was associated with the emergence of a the Hinton Sugar Mill the University of Manchester Archaeology Unit, University conflict of interests: a tendency towards These factories became the leaders in the of oxford Road, Manchester Ml 3 gPL Manchester, monoculture as opposed to the need for a more absorption of technological innovations and the Librarian and Archivist type of agriculture and the regulation sugar manufacturing methods which took place John Powell diversified the Bour c/o IGMT. lronbridge, Telford, Shropshire TF8 7AW of the export trade by the King as opposed to the in the nineteenth century.These included Recording Awards Officer wish for a more liberalised economy by the major concentrators and centrifuging machines, Dr Victoria Beauchamp merchants. This would also explain the change in invented in the 1840s and at the century's end, 3 Parsonage Court, Parsonage Crescent, Walkley, products, namely and the introduction of chemical processes, which Sheffield 56 5BJ agriculture to other export Sales Officer Roger Ford Barn Cottage, Bridge Street, Bridgnorth, Shropshire WV1 5 6AF Honorary Vice-Presidents 5ir Neil Cossons John Hume Stuart B Smith Council Members Dr Robert carr Dr Paul Coliins (co-opted) 8arry Hood (co-opted) David lyne Michael Messenger Dr Mary Mills Peter Neaverson [iaison Officer Simon Thomas AIA Office, 5chool ofArchaeological Studies, University of Leicesterl Leicester LE1 7RH E 01 1 6 252 5337, Fax: 01 1 6 252 5005 e-mail:[email protected] uk Website: www industrial-archaeology.org uk COVER PICTURE Narrow boat Collingwood and butty Ash working up through the Hatton Locks on the Grand Union Canal. popularity fhe of the waterways is reflected in a Aerial view of the Hinton Sugar Mill, Madeira Photo: ARCHAIS batch of new publications (see page l9) Photo: Peter Stanier 2 INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS 125 and there are also verandas with a porch. The large brick chimney stands out imposingly. The Hinton Sugar Mill is not only fundamentally associated with the history of sugar production in Madeira, but it is also reflects the economic dynamics and policies of the nineteenth century and in particular transformations in the orocess of industrialisation and the capitalist system taking place at that time. Keeping in mind the values of memory authenticity and historical rarity, together with the representation of the sugar industry in the History and Cultural Heritage of Madeira and Europe, various personalities have pointed out the urgency to conserve the century-old factory which is probably the only vestige in Madeira of the first effects of the local Industrial Revolution. However; the Municipal Council of Funchal has a project for a garden in the area of the factory for which reason ARCHAIS has appealed that this project for the garden should include the Abandoned nachinery in the Hinton Sugar Mill Photo: ARCHAIS relevant architectural structures and the industrial machinery still in existence. We also led to a reduction in laboul great increases in industry - even more so when, in 1904, the appeal to the Regional Government to classify productivity and huge reductions in costs. The registration of factories made industrial the factory as national heritage.This proposal has way had been opened therefore, to large-scale production more restrictive. been widely accepted by the public, also as a production, the characteristic feature of From the start of the twentieth century this result of the campaign that we developed, and twentieth-century industrialisation. And Hinton sugar mill had actually achieved a monopoly in which includes the contribution of proposals - all did not waste such an opportunity, for between sugar production in Madeira, benefiting from in the aim of recovering the mill - and 1913 and 1915 the Hinton Sugar Mill reached exemptions from customs duty in exports to participation in surveys promoted by the media. close to 5,000 tonnes in annual production and continental Portugal, although the capital- The intention to demolish the entire built comolex the capacity to mill 500 tonnes of cane in 24 intensive nature of its production also with the exception of the chimney is seriously hours. In a short time, the Hinton Sugar Mill contributed to this. worrying. Besides going against the objectives became internationally renowned and is now The factory's employees had access to a and preoccupations of the International considered by various connoisseurs as 'one of the number of social benefits which arose during the Community in this area, it shows disregard for the most perfect in the world' and 'one of the rare second English industrial revolution and Hinton European Convention for the protection of our jewels of the archaeology of nineteenth-century out them into the contracts drawn uo between architectural heritage, of which Portugal is a sugar production in the world.' workers and the factory. Some examples are signatory, as well as for the concepts of the Protectionism took effect on the whole of the certain widow's pensions and two private rooms Council of Europe on our common heritage. sugar-based economy, from the farmers to the which were reserved at the Hospital in case they Thus, in the belief that European citizenship brandy, alcohol and sugar producers and it arose were required by Hinton's workers. and co-operation reinforces the capacity to as a pretext to attenuate the crisis in the sector as The Hinton Sugar Mill complex is a sober safeguard these common values, we would like to a result of the diseases that affected sugarcane in example of nineteenth-century architecture in the alert you to make the regional authorities aware 1881-85. According to the protectionist regime, neo-classical spirit. Of particular interest is the ofthe need to reflect on the European concepts in the producers would benefit from a reduction in main facade facing Rua 31 de Janeiro.
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