La Subfamilia Calliptaminae En España (Orthoptera, Catantopidae)

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La Subfamilia Calliptaminae En España (Orthoptera, Catantopidae) Eos, t. LVIII, págs. 171-192 (1982). La subfamilia Calliptaminae en España (Orthoptera, Catantopidae) POR VICENTA LLORENTE (*). El presente trabajo expone los resultados del estudio de las especies españolas de esta familia ; con él se pretende : 1) facilitar la labor de identificación de las ci- tadas especies; 2) ampliar y concretar su distribución geográfica en España ; 3) dar algunos datos ecológicos ; 4) hacer una revisión y puesta al día de todo el material existente en el Instituto Español de Entomología y Museo de Zoología de Bar- celona, que, en su tiempo, sirvió para realizar los trabajos de la mayoría de ortop- terólogos españoles desde D. IGNACIO BOLÍVAR. También se ha examinado el ma- terial de la Cátedra de Zoología de Artrópodos de la Facultad de Biología de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid y del Departamento de Zoología de la Fa- cultad de Ciencias de la Universidad de Granada. En los mapas de distribución geográfica sólo se representa el material estu- diado. Dado que ha existido cierta confusión entre las especies del género Ca- lliptamus SERVILLE, no creemos oportuno la representación de las numerosas citas bibliográficas, que sólo complicarían el fin de tales mapas. La subfamilia Calliptaininae está compuesta por una veintena de géneros, dis- tribuidos por Europa, África, Madagascar y Asia (DIRsH, 1975). Son fáciles de diferenciar de las otras subfamilias de Catantopidae, principalmente por tener los dos últimos terguitos abdominales del fusionados, hinchados y curvados: por sus cercos grandes y móviles, adaptados para agarrar: así como por el carácter discoidal del epifalo. En España sólo está representada por dos géneros : Calliptarnus SERVILLE y Paracaloptenus BOLÍVAR. CLAVE DE GANEROS. 1. Borde posterior del pronoto en ángulo obtuso: abertura timpánica con un ló- bulo ventral (fig. 4). Cercos del con tres dientes. Insectos con élitros y alas bien desarrollados, nunca lobiformes y laterales (figs. 7 y 13) ... Calliptarnus SERVILLE. Borde posterior del pronoto truncado, con frecuencia muy débilmente esco- tado. Abertura timpánica sin el lóbulo ventral (fig. 1). Cercos del 8‘ con dos dientes. Insectos con los élitros lobiformes y laterales, más o menos de la misma longitud del pronoto (fig. 3): alas abortivas, sólo 1/2 ó 1/3 la longi- tud de los élitros ParacaloptenIrs BOLÍVAR. (*) Trabajo realizado dentro del Programa n.° 0017 de la CAICYT. 172 VICENTA LLORENTE Calliptamus SERVILLE, 1831. Calliptanzus SERVILLE, 1831. Ann. Sci. nat. (Zool.), 22: 284. El género Calliptantus fue establecido por SERVILLE en 1831 con Gryllus Lo- custa italicus LINNEO, 1758, como tipo. Durante casi sesenta años no se utilizó Sti nombre, a excepción del propio SERVILLE y FISCHER DE WALDHEIM. Aunque KIRBY, en 1890, volvió a utilizarlo, la mayoría de los autores siguieron usando el de Calo ptenus -BURMEISTER, 1838 (entre ellos nuestros ortopterólogos BOLÍVAR, CAZURRO, MARTÍNEZ y PANTEL). Sólo desde 1902 fue recuperado por REHN. A partir de 1930, varios autores empiezan a utilizar en este género los carac- teres del aparato copulador del 8‘ para la diferenciación de sus especies. RAMME (1951) realizó un estudio con material de amplias áreas de distribución, pero sin los resultados que obtuvo JAGo (1963) con su "A revision of the genus Callipta- mus SERVILLE, 1831". Los caracteres más sobresalientes son : Fastigio del vértex alargado, cóncavo en el medio, con fuertes quillas laterales : frente vertical, quilla frontal lisa. Pronoto ligeramente tectiforme con la quilla me- dia y laterales bien marcadas, y el borde posterior terminado en ángulo; tubércu- lo prosternal cilíndrico, con el ápice redondeado. Alitros y alas bien desarrolla- dos (figs. 7 y 13). Abertura timpánica con un lóbulo ventral (fig. 4). Fémures posteriores anchos y robustos. Placa supra-anal del fuertemente angular, con el ápice muy afilado ; cercos del 8‘ largos y robustos, aplastados lateralmente y curvados hacia arriba, con el ápice ensanchado, terminado en dos o tres lóbu- los (fig. 10). Valvas del oviscapto cortas y robustas, con los ápices curvados, afi- lados y ennegrecidos: las dorsales, en la base aplanadas, con tuberculitos en líneas transversales ; las ventrales en la base con un diente ancho en el borde externo y con otro muy pequefío en el interno. Según JAGo (1963), el género tiene 13 especies y tres subespecies, de las cuales una. C. subalpinus jAGO, 1963, ha sido sinonimizada con C. siciliae RAMME, por HARZ (1975). Su distribución abarca Europa central y meridional e islas del Mediterráneo : norte de África y Asia, excepto la parte norte y la suroriental. Según HARZ (1975), está representado en España por cuatro especies : C. ita- licus (L.), C. wattenwylianus (PANTEL), C. barbarus (COSTA) y C. siciliae RAMME. Después de haber estudiado todo el material a nuestra disposición, no hemos po- dido examinar ningún ejemplar de C. siciliae; por este motivo todos los datos que damos sobre esta especie serán según HARZ, 1975. Por la forma de las valvas del pene, el género se divide en dos grupos. Al pri- mero pertenecen C. italicus y C. wattenwylianus, que tienen las valvas del pene afiladas y más o menos largas ; al segundo pertenecen C. barb aros y C. siciliae, que las tienen romas y fuertemente esclerotizadas. Las especies de este género presentan un polimorfismo cromático muy acen- tuado tanto en la cabeza, pronoto, élitros, como en las patas posteriores. El tipo más extremo de polimorfismo es el de la forma marginellus SERVILLE, en el cual el color pardo está contrastado por dos bandas claras de color crema en el vértex y que continúa a lo largo del lado interno de las quillas laterales del pronoto, que frecuentemente se prolonga hasta las venas Cu, y A1 de los élitros. Esta forma está representada en las tres especies estudiadas, siendo la de C. italicus la más LA SUBFAMILIA «CALLIPTAMINAE» EN ESPAÑA 173 frecuente en España; además, C. wattenwylianus tiene tendencia a la forma me- lánica. No damos ninguna sinonimia, ya que estamos de acuerdo con las dadas por JAGo (1963) y HARZ (1975). CLAVES DE ESPECIES. 1. Palio que cubre las valvas del pene, visto de lado, fuertemente prolongado, curvado hacia atrás y terminado en punta (fig. 8), de la misma forma que las valvas del pene, que son largas y finas (fig. 9). Alas posteriores nunca inco- loras, aunque estén más o menos reducidas ... (LINNEO). Palio que cubre las valvas del pene, visto de lado, no tan prolongado, o de otra forma, generalmente más romo ... ... 2. 2. Palio, visto de lado, corto y en punta (fig. 5) ; valvas del pene finas, no cur- vadas hacia atrás y mucho más cortas que en italicus (fig. 6). Élitros clara- mente estrechados a partir del segundo tercio apical y raras veces sobrepasan el extremo del abdomen y las rodillas posteriores. Fémures posteriores más dilatados ... wattenwylianus (PANTEL). Palio, visto de lado, más o menos redondo (fig. 10). Valvas del pene romas y fuertemente esclerotizadas (fig. 11). Cara interna de los fémures posteriores roja con el área media con manchas oscuras separadas o fusionadas ... 3. 3. Base de las alas posteriores incoloras o ligeramente rosadas, élitros nunca alcanzan las rodillas posteriores y estrechándose a partir del segundo tercio. Valvas del pene como en la figura 14, cercos a veces más o menos trilobula- dos apicalmente. Cara interna de los fémures más o menos roja, con tres manchas oscuras, a veces pálidas. Longitud del cuerpo inferior a 17 milí- metros ... siciliae RAMME. Base de las alas posteriores rosas: en los ejemplares españoles élitros casi siempre alcanzando las rodillas de los fémures posteriores. Valvas del pene como en la figura 12. Cara interna de los fémures posteriores roja, con las manchas apical y central generalmente fusionadas o una de estas manchas es grande (principalmente la central). En zonas templadas del centro, sur, Le- vante y Baleares, la cara interna y las tibias posteriores son anaranjadas, con el área media casi o completamente ocupada por una sola mancha negra ... barbarus (COSTA). 12 . 1. Alas posteriores más o menos rosas ... ... 2. Alas posteriores incoloras (el alcohol y otras sustancias las pueden decolorar) élitros sin alcanzar las rodillas posteriores, estrechándose a partir del segundo tercio ... siciliae RAMME. 2. Cara interna de los fémures y tibias posteriores de color rojo, anaranjado o Cara interna de los fémures y tibias posteriores pálida, del color del cuerpo 174 VICENTA LLORENTE 2b 2c Figs. 1-14.—Paracaloptenus bolivari Uy., 8: 1) abertura timpánica ; 2) ápices de las valvas del pene, vista posterior ventral : a) de Torre de Tamurcia (Lérida); b) de El Pueyo (Hues- ca) ; c) Gistaín (Huesca) ; 9 : 3) élitro izquierdo, esquemático. Calliptamits wattenvvylianus (PANT.), , Los Endrinales, Miraflores de la Sierra (Madrid) : 4) abertura timpánica; 5) pla- ca subgenital y palio, vista lateral ; 6) ídem, dejando al descubierto las valvas del pene ; 9 : 7) élitro izquierdo, esquemático. C. italicus (L.), 8, Villalba de la Sierra (Cuenca) : 8) placa subgenital y palio, vista lateral; 9) ídem, dejando al descubierto las valvas del pene. C. bar- baras barbaras (COSTA), 8, Ventorrillo, Cercedilla (Madrid) : 10) segmentos apicales del ab- domen con los cercos, vista lateral ; 11) placa subgenital, con las valvas del pene al descubierto, vista lateral: 12) parte apical del complejo fálico, vista dorsal ; 9 : 13) élitro izquierdo, esque- mático. C. siciliae RmE, 8, Biescas (Huesca) : 14) parte apical del complejo fálico, vista dorsal. (Fig. 14, según HARZ, 1975.) LA SUBFAMILIA «CALLIPTAMINAE» EN ESPAÑA 175 3. Fémures posteriores más dilatados y con tres manchas en su cara interna ; estas manchas a menudo son débiles o faltan en el área media, entre las qui- llas superior e inferior. Élitros nunca sobrepasando las rodillas posteriores y claramente estrechados hacia su ápice (fig. 7) ... watteewylianus (PANTEL). Fémures posteriores menos dilatados, cara interna con una sola gran mancha negra en el área media, entre las quillas superior e inferior.
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