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Pesticide Use in Periurban Environment
PESTICIDE USE IN PERIURBAN ENVIRONMENT Nur Ahmed Introductory Paper at the Faculty of Landscape Planning, Horticulture and Agricultural Science 2008:1 Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Alnarp, July 2008 ISSN 1654-3580 PESTICIDE USE IN PERIURBAN ENVIRONMENT Nur Ahmed Introductory Paper at the Faculty of Landscape Planning, Horticulture and Agricultural Science 2008:1 Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Alnarp, July 2008 2 © By the author Figure 15 reprinted with kind permission of Ruth Hazzard, [email protected] and also available at http://www.umassvegetable.org/soil_crop_pest_mgt/insect_mgt/cabbage_maggot.html Figure 16 reprinted with kind permission of Ruth Hazzard, [email protected], and Becky Koch, [email protected] 3 Summary This introductory paper focuses on pesticides; use, regulation, impact on nature, economics, and interactions with pests, non target organisms as well as society in the periurban environment and with an international context. With an increasingly skeptical society to pesticides it is important that scientists and non-specialists (farmers and neighbours) meet and discuss their ideas about insecticide use and risks. This is necessary because the public’s perception of risks may well diverge significantly from that of specialists. In the periurban areas (the urban fringe) these problems and divergent opinions are likely to be more pronounced than in the rural areas. This review paper is also discussing the insect pest migrations and trap cropping with a view to find out whether insecticide application in field crops (e.g. oilseed rape) affects pest density in the adjacent garden crops (e.g. radish). Preface This introductory paper is a review based on references from libraries, internet and personal communication. -
Tachinid Times Issue 29
Walking in the Footsteps of American Frontiersman Daniel Boone The Tachinid Times Issue 29 Exploring Chile Curious case of Girschneria Kentucky tachinids Progress in Iran Tussling with New Zealand February 2016 Table of Contents ARTICLES Update on New Zealand Tachinidae 4 by F.-R. Schnitzler Teratological specimens and the curious case of Girschneria Townsend 7 by J.E. O’Hara Interim report on the project to study the tachinid fauna of Khuzestan, Iran 11 by E. Gilasian, J. Ziegler and M. Parchami-Araghi Tachinidae of the Red River Gorge area of eastern Kentucky 13 by J.E. O’Hara and J.O. Stireman III Landscape dynamics of tachinid parasitoids 18 by D.J. Inclán Tachinid collecting in temperate South America. 20 Expeditions of the World Tachinidae Project. Part III: Chile by J.O. Stireman III, J.E. O’Hara, P. Cerretti and D.J. Inclán 41 Tachinid Photo 42 Tachinid Bibliography 47 Mailing List 51 Original Cartoon 2 The Tachinid Times Issue 29, 2016 The Tachinid Times February 2016, Issue 29 INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS Chief Editor JAMES E. O’HARA This newsletter accepts submissions on all aspects of tach- InDesign Editor SHANNON J. HENDERSON inid biology and systematics. It is intentionally maintained as a non-peer-reviewed publication so as not to relinquish its status as Staff JUST US a venue for those who wish to share information about tachinids in an informal medium. All submissions are subjected to careful ISSN 1925-3435 (Print) editing and some are (informally) reviewed if the content is thought to need another opinion. Some submissions are rejected because ISSN 1925-3443 (Online) they are poorly prepared, not well illustrated, or excruciatingly bor- ing. -
Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) 321-356 ©Entomofauna Ansfelden/Austria; Download Unter
ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Entomofauna Jahr/Year: 2007 Band/Volume: 0028 Autor(en)/Author(s): Yefremova Zoya A., Ebrahimi Ebrahim, Yegorenkova Ekaterina Artikel/Article: The Subfamilies Eulophinae, Entedoninae and Tetrastichinae in Iran, with description of new species (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) 321-356 ©Entomofauna Ansfelden/Austria; download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Entomofauna ZEITSCHRIFT FÜR ENTOMOLOGIE Band 28, Heft 25: 321-356 ISSN 0250-4413 Ansfelden, 30. November 2007 The Subfamilies Eulophinae, Entedoninae and Tetrastichinae in Iran, with description of new species (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) Zoya YEFREMOVA, Ebrahim EBRAHIMI & Ekaterina YEGORENKOVA Abstract This paper reflects the current degree of research of Eulophidae and their hosts in Iran. A list of the species from Iran belonging to the subfamilies Eulophinae, Entedoninae and Tetrastichinae is presented. In the present work 47 species from 22 genera are recorded from Iran. Two species (Cirrospilus scapus sp. nov. and Aprostocetus persicus sp. nov.) are described as new. A list of 45 host-parasitoid associations in Iran and keys to Iranian species of three genera (Cirrospilus, Diglyphus and Aprostocetus) are included. Zusammenfassung Dieser Artikel zeigt den derzeitigen Untersuchungsstand an eulophiden Wespen und ihrer Wirte im Iran. Eine Liste der für den Iran festgestellten Arten der Unterfamilien Eu- lophinae, Entedoninae und Tetrastichinae wird präsentiert. Mit vorliegender Arbeit werden 47 Arten in 22 Gattungen aus dem Iran nachgewiesen. Zwei neue Arten (Cirrospilus sca- pus sp. nov. und Aprostocetus persicus sp. nov.) werden beschrieben. Eine Liste von 45 Wirts- und Parasitoid-Beziehungen im Iran und ein Schlüssel für 3 Gattungen (Cirro- spilus, Diglyphus und Aprostocetus) sind in der Arbeit enthalten. -
International Poplar Commission
INTERNATIONAL POPLAR COMMISSION 25th Session Berlin, Germany, 13- 16 September 2016 Poplars and Other Fast-Growing Trees - Renewable Resources for Future Green Economies Publications Listed in Country Progress Reports September 2016 Forestry Policy and Resources Division Working Paper IPC/16 Forestry Department FAO, Rome, Italy Disclaimer The Publications listed in Country Progress Reports do not reflect any official position of FAO but are to provide early release of information on on-going International Poplar Commission initiatives and its member country activities and programmes to stimulate dialogue between Poplar and Willow stakeholders around the globe. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers and boundaries. Comments and feedback are welcome. For further information, please contact: Mr Walter Kollert Secretary International Poplar Commission Forestry Department Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) Viale delle Terme di Caracalla I-00153 Rome Italy E-mail: [email protected] For quotation: FAO, 2016. Publications listed in Country Progress Reports. 25th Session of the International Poplar Commission, Berlin, Germany, 13-16 September 2016. International Poplar Commission Working Paper IPC/16. FAO, Rome. -
Herbivore Effect on Stature, Fruiting, and Leaf Dynamics of a Native Crucifer
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Svata M. Louda Publications Papers in the Biological Sciences 1984 Herbivore Effect on Stature, Fruiting, and Leaf Dynamics of a Native Crucifer Svata M. Louda University of Nebraska - Lincoln, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/bioscilouda Part of the Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons Louda, Svata M., "Herbivore Effect on Stature, Fruiting, and Leaf Dynamics of a Native Crucifer" (1984). Svata M. Louda Publications. 15. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/bioscilouda/15 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Papers in the Biological Sciences at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Svata M. Louda Publications by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Ecology, 65(5), 1984, pp. 1379-1386 ?) 1984 by the Ecological Society of Amenca HERBIVORE EFFECT ON STATURE, FRUITING, AND LEAF DYNAMICS OF A NATIVE CRUCIFER' SVATA M. LOUDA2 Duke University Marine Laboratory, Beaufort, North Carolina 28516, Department of Botany, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27706, and Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Gothic, Colorado 81224 USA Abstract. The impact of a native, leaf-feeding chrysomelid beetle (Phaedon sp. nr. oviformis) on bittercress (Cardamine cordifolia: Cruciferae), was evaluated in an exclusion experiment. Multivariate statistical analysis showed a significant increase in plant performance in the rotenone exclusion com- pared to performance in the paired control treatment. Plant response to the reduction of herbivory was a complicated, interrelated syndrome of changes. When insects were excluded, the amount of missing leaf area decreased significantly (3.6-fold; 3.2-0.9 cm2 per plant), and the total leaf area increased 5.7-fold (12.9-73.4 cm2 per plant). -
Induction of Plant Synomones by Oviposition of a Phytophagous Insect
Journal of Chemical Ecology, Vol. 26, No. 1, 2000 INDUCTION OF PLANT SYNOMONES BY OVIPOSITION OF A PHYTOPHAGOUS INSECT TORSTEN MEINERS and MONIKA HILKER* Freie Universitat¨ Berlin Institut fur¨ Zoologie D-12163 Berlin, Germany (Received February 18, 1999; accepted September 4, 1999) Abstract—Earlier investigations of host habitat location in the egg parasitoid Oomyzus gallerucae have shown that oviposition of the elm leaf beetle (Xanthogaleruca luteola) induces the field elm (Ulmus minor) to emit volatiles that attract the egg parasitoid. In this study we investigated the mechanism of this induction by testing the effects of differently treated elm leaves on O. gallerucae in a four-arm olfactometer. First we investigated which sequence of the herbivore oviposition behavior is necessary for the synomone induction. The following major sequences were observed: (1) Prior oviposition, the gravid female gnawed shallow grooves into the leaf surface. (2) After gnawing upon the leaf surface, the female attached about 20–30 eggs with oviduct secretion in the grooves. We experimentally mimicked the shallow grooves on the leaf surface by scratching the leaf surface with a scalpel (c scratched leaves). Volatiles from such scratched leaves did not attract the egg parasitoid. However, as soon as eggs with oviduct secretion, or only oviduct secretion, was applied to these scratched leaves, they emitted attractive volatiles. Application of oviduct secretion and eggs on undamaged leaves did not elicit release of attractive synomones. Thus, an elicitor is located in the oviduct secretion, but becomes active only when the leaf surface is damaged. Jasmonic acid is known as a mediator of plant responses induced by feeding of herbivorous arthropods, and we demonstrate that it mediates production of elm synomones that attract O. -
Nuevos Registros De Blennidus Motschulsky, 1865 Y Calleida Dejean, 1825 (Coleoptera: Carabidae) Para Perú
Rev. PeRu. entomol. 49 (2): 143 - 148. 2014. 143 Nuevos registros de Blennidus Motschulsky, 1865 y Calleida Dejean, 1825 (Coleoptera: Carabidae) para Perú ALFREDO EDGARDO GIRALDO-MENDOZA1 RESUMEN. ALFREDO EDGARDO GIRALDO-MENDOZA. 2014. Nuevos registros de Blennidus Motschulsky, 1865 y Calleida Dejean, 1825 (Coleoptera: Carabidae) para Perú. Rev. peru. entomol. 49(2): 143-148. Se presenta un conjunto de nuevos registros para Perú correspondientes a los géneros Blennidus Motschulsky, 1865 y Calleida Dejean, 1825. El estudio se realizó a partir de la revisión de ejemplares conservados en colecciones peruanas, la consulta de bibliografía especializada y la comunicación con especialistas europeos en la familia Carabidae. Las especies incluidas en el estudio fueron Blennidus foveatus Straneo, 1951, Blennidus peruvianus (Dejean, 1828) y Calleida migratoria Casale, 2002. Además de los nuevos registros, se incluyeron comentarios relativos a la distribución y biología de las tres especies estudiadas. Para facilitar el reconocimiento de las especies se incluyeron fotos: una vista dorsal del cuerpo (habitus) para las tres especies y, vistas dorsal y lateral de los aedeagi para las dos especies del género Blennidus. Palabras clave: Coleoptera, Carabidae, carábidos, Blennidus, Calleida, nuevos registros, Perú. ABSTRACT. ALFREDO EDGARDO GIRALDO-MENDOZA. 2014. New records of Blennidus Motschulsky, 1865 and Calleida Dejean, 1825 (Coleoptera: Carabidae) to Peru. Rev. peru. entomol. 49(2): 143-148. A set of new records for Peru corresponding to the genera Blennidus Motschulsky, 1865 and Calleida Dejean, 1825 is presented. The study was conducted from the revision of specimens preserved in Peruvian collections, consulting specialized literature and communication with European experts on the Carabidae family. -
Two New Species of Baryscapus Förster from Spain (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eulophidae)
Boletín de la Sociedad Entomológica Aragonesa (S.E.A.), nº 54 (30/6/2014): 51–60. TWO NEW SPECIES OF BARYSCAPUS FÖRSTER FROM SPAIN (HYMENOPTERA: CHALCIDOIDEA: EULOPHIDAE) Antoni Ribes c/ Lleida 36, 25170 Torres de Segre, Lleida, Spain. – [email protected] Abstract: Two new species of Baryscapus Förster are described. Baryscapus salsolae sp.n. was reared from galls of Stefaniola salsolae (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) on Salsola vermiculata. Baryscapus artemisiae sp.n. was reared from galls of Rhopalomyia am- brosinae (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) on Artemisia herba-alba. Key words: Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Eulophidae, Tetrastichinae, Baryscapus, new species, Spain. Dos especies nuevas de Baryscapus Förster de España (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eulophidae) Resumen: Se describen dos especies nuevas de Baryscapus Förster. Baryscapus salsolae sp.n. se obtuvo emergiendo de agallas de Stefaniola salsolae (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) en Salsola vermiculata. Baryscapus artemisiae sp.n. se obtuvo emergiendo de agallas de Rhopalomyia ambrosinae (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) en Artemisia herba-alba. Palabras clave: Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Eulophidae, Tetrastichinae, Baryscapus, especie nueva, España. Taxonomy/Taxonomía: Baryscapus salsolae sp.n., Baryscapus artemisiae sp.n. Introduction Materials and methods The genus Baryscapus, in the subfamily Tetrastichinae of Specimens of two new species of Baryscapus in the evony- Eulophidae, is very speciose and biologically diverse, cur- mellae group were found in Lleida province, Spain, during a rently containing 116 recognized -
Seasonal Phenology of the Major Insect Pests of Quinoa
agriculture Article Seasonal Phenology of the Major Insect Pests of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) and Their Natural Enemies in a Traditional Zone and Two New Production Zones of Peru Luis Cruces 1,2,*, Eduardo de la Peña 3 and Patrick De Clercq 2 1 Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agronomy, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima 12-056, Peru 2 Department of Plants & Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; [email protected] 3 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +051-999-448427 Received: 30 November 2020; Accepted: 14 December 2020; Published: 18 December 2020 Abstract: Over the last decade, the sown area of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) has been increasingly expanding in Peru, and new production fields have emerged, stretching from the Andes to coastal areas. The fields at low altitudes have the potential to produce higher yields than those in the highlands. This study investigated the occurrence of insect pests and the natural enemies of quinoa in a traditional production zone, San Lorenzo (in the Andes), and in two new zones at lower altitudes, La Molina (on the coast) and Majes (in the “Maritime Yunga” ecoregion), by plant sampling and pitfall trapping. Our data indicated that the pest pressure in quinoa was higher at lower elevations than in the highlands. The major insect pest infesting quinoa at high densities in San Lorenzo was Eurysacca melanocampta; in La Molina, the major pests were E. melanocampta, Macrosiphum euphorbiae and Liriomyza huidobrensis; and in Majes, Frankliniella occidentalis was the most abundant pest. -
Parasitism of Plutella Xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) in Southern Pakistan
Parasitism of Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) in southern Pakistan T. S. Syed1, G. H. Abro1,2, M. A. Shaikh1, B. Mal1, and A. M. Shelton2,* Abstract Larvae of diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) cause severe economic loss to crucifer vegetables in Pakistan. Stud- ies were conducted from 2007 to 2010 to identify and assess the abundance of parasitoids attacking P. xylostella in commercial, insecticide-treated cauliflower fields in southern Pakistan. In total, 6 parasitoid species were found attacking larvae and pupae of P. xylostella. These included the larval parasitoid Cotesia plutellae Kurdjumov (Hymenoptera: Braconidae); Cotesia sp. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae); Diadegma sp. (Hymenoptera: Ichneu- monidae); a larval-pupal parasitoid Oomyzus sokolowskii Kurdjumov (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae); a pupal parasitoid Diadromus collaris Gravenhorst (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae); and a pupal parasitoid, Brachymeria excarinata Gahan (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae). Cotesia plutellae provided 2.3 to 52.2% parasitism, followed by O. sokolowskii with 2.1 to 6.7% parasitism. The average parasitism caused by Cotesia sp. was < 5%. The remaining parasitoids were scarce with < 0.5% parasitism. Additional studies on parasitism by O. sokolowskii showed that there was a significant positive cor- relation between P. xylostella pupal weight and the number of parasitoids emerging from a pupa. More than 50% of P. xylostella parasitized pupae supported 6 to 10 O. sokolowskii adults per pupa. Efforts should be undertaken to preserve these natural enemies through cultural practices and the use of soft insecticides to allow them to function more effectively in an integrated pest management program. Key Words: biological control; Oomyzus sokolowskii, Cotesia plutellae Resumen Las larvas de la palomilla de dorso de diamante, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) causan pérdidas económicas severas a los vegetales crucíferos en Pakistán. -
Field Evaluation of Cypermethrin, Imidacloprid, Teflubenzuron
plants Article Field Evaluation of Cypermethrin, Imidacloprid, Teflubenzuron and Emamectin Benzoate against Pests of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) and Their Side Effects on Non-Target Species Luis Cruces 1,2,*, Eduardo de la Peña 2,3 and Patrick De Clercq 2 1 Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agronomy, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima 12-056, Peru 2 Department of Plants & Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; [email protected] (E.d.l.P.); [email protected] (P.D.C.) 3 Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Estación Experimental “La Mayora”, 29750 Malaga, Spain * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +051-999-448427 Abstract: During the last few years, quinoa, a traditional Andean crop, has been cultivated at low elevations where pest pressure is high and farmers resort to intensive use of insecticides. This field study investigated the impact of four insecticides (cypermethrin, imidacloprid, teflubenzuron and emamectin benzoate) on insect pests of quinoa and their side effects on the arthropod community at the coastal level of Peru, by analysing the species composition, species diversity and population density. The arthropod community was examined with pitfall traps (for ground dwelling species), Citation: Cruces, L.; de la Peña, E.; plant samplings (for pests and their natural enemies that inhabit the crop), and yellow pan traps (to De Clercq, P. Field Evaluation of catch flying insects). The results demonstrated that Macrosiphum euphorbiae, Frankliniella occidentalis Cypermethrin, Imidacloprid, and Spoladea recurvalis were efficiently controlled by cypermethrin and imidacloprid; the latter Teflubenzuron and Emamectin compound also showed long-term effects on Nysius simulans. -
Selection in Larvae of the Red Turníp Beetle, Entomoscelis Americana Brown (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) R On
.'.1 ì::.:1 THE UNTVERSTTY OF MANITOBA Growth, development, survival and food selection in larvae of the red turníp beetle, Entomoscelis americana Brown (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) r on . species of Cruciferae by Adegboyega Adekunle Obadofin A THESIS SUBMITTED IN THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES ÏN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE ';.1 :l DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY '.ì DEPARTIqENT OF ENTOMOLOGY WII\]}IIPEG, MANITOBA L979 GROl'lTH, DtVtLOPMENT, SURVIVAL AND F00D SELTCTION iN LARVAE OF THT RED TURNIP BttTLE, Entomoscelis americana BROWN (Col eoptera: Chrysomel j dae ) , 0N SPECIES OF CRUCIFERAE BY ADEGBOYEGA ADTKUNLE OBADOFIN A clissertation sr¡blritted to the Faculty o,f Graduate studies of the Uuiversity of Ma¡ritoba in partial fulfillnlent of tlie requirentents of the degree of DOCTOII. OF FHILOSOPHY o{ 1979 Fernrissiort has been gratrted to the LI.BRARY OF TF{E UNIVER'- SITY OF MANITOBA to lend or sell copies of this d'issertation, to the NATIONAL LIER.ARY OF CANADA to ¡nicrofilrn this d,issertation and to lend or sell copies of ttle film, and UNIVER.SITY MICR.OFILMS to publish an abstract of this d'isserta'tion. The author reserves other publication rights, and neither the dissertation ¡ror extensive extracts from it may be prirrted or other- wise reprodr¡ced withot¡t the attth,or's writte¡r permission. t -ì - ABSTRACT Growth, development, survival and food selection were investigated in the larvae of the red turnip beetle, Entomoscelis americana Brown, in the laboratory on 18 cultivars belonging to 11 species of Cruciferae. The plants tested for their suitability as host plants were: the cotyledon and first true leaf stages of Torch, Echo, Candle and.