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Curiosity Triumphs coverSEP-final-2012_Layout 1 8/10/12 5:46 PM Page 1 8 AMERICA AEROSPACE September 2012 SEPTEMBER 2012 SEPTEMBER Curiosity triumphs Declassifying the space race Aeronautics: Frontiers of the imaginable A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF AERONAUTICS AND ASTRONAUTICS TOC.SEP2012_AA Template 8/13/12 1:26 PM Page 1 September 2012 DEPARTMENTS COMMENTARY 3 EU ETS: The wrong approach. Page 3 INTERNATIONAL BEAT 4 Russian helicopters on the ascent. Page 20 Page 22 WASHINGTON WATCH 8 Curiosity triumphs amidst business as usual. ASIA UPDATE 12 Safety is much more than no accident. CONVERSATIONS 16 With Isaac Valero-Ladrón. SPACE UPDATE 20 Balance of space launches shifts. ENGINEERING NOTEBOOK 22 Will GENIE guide Xombie to a landing? OUT OF THE PAST 44 CAREER OPPORTUNITIES 46 Page 26 FEATURES AERONAUTICS: FRONTIERS OF THE IMAGINABLE 26 The technology revolution is rapidly changing the entire range of aeronautics, leading to startling possibilities. by Dennis M. Bushnell DECLASSIFYING THE SPACE RACE, PART 1: SURVEILLANCE SYSTEMS 32 What—and how—the U.S. knew about the Soviet space program is beginning to emerge from the shadows of secrecy. by Peter Pesavento Page 32 SPACE SOLAR POWER: PANACEA, OR PIE IN THE SKY? 38 Beaming electricity to Earth from solar power satellites could be brought a step closer with sufficient investment. Page 38 by Jerry Grey BULLETIN AIAA Meeting Schedule B2 AIAA Courses and Training Program B4 AIAA News B5 Meetings Programs B13 Call for Papers B16 COVER The Mars Science Laboratory team in the MSL Mission Support Area reacts after learning the Curiosity rover has landed safely on Mars and images start coming into JPL. Photo Credit: NASA/Bill Ingalls. Aerospace America (ISSN 0740-722X) is published monthly, except August, by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. at 1801 Alexander Bell Drive, Reston, Va. 20191-4344 [703/264-7500]. Subscription rate is 50% of dues for AIAA members (and is not deductible therefrom). Nonmember subscription price: U.S. and Canada, $163, foreign, $200. Single copies $20 each. Postmaster: Send address changes and subscription orders to address above, attention AIAA Customer Service, 703/264-7500. Periodical postage paid at Herndon, VA, and at additional mailing offices. Copyright © 2012 by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc., all rights reserved. The name Aerospace America is registered by the AIAA in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. 40,000 copies of this issue printed. This is Volume 50, No. 8. Introducing STANDARDS • CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS • AIAA’s All-New Electronic Database BOOKS Featuring Over Four Decades e of Aerospace Research Experience • With AIAA’s Aerospace Research Central you can: ARC Today • Save and schedule searches arc.aiaa.org • Highlight books, conference proceedings, and journal articles • Download citations and bundle content based on topic disciplines • Sign up for alerts on subjects of interest • Access e-first publications ahead of print • Post links to research articles and selected book titles on social JOURNALS networking websites • ARC also enables you to discover articles, books, conference proceedings, and other published materials based on your interests, greatly enhancing the flow of information and ideas in the collaborative research process. For More Information Contact: [email protected] powered by BOOKS 12-0159 12-0159-final-v1.indd 1 2/10/12 8:43 AM septcomment_AA Template 8/14/12 10:44 AM Page 1 ® is a publication of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Elaine J. Camhi Editor-in-Chief Patricia Jefferson Associate Editor Greg Wilson EU ETS: The wrong approach Production Editor Jerry Grey, Editor-at-Large The moment any Europe-bound plane starts its engine—before it begins to Christine Williams, Editor AIAA Bulletin taxi on the runway, no matter where that runway is—the European Union begins to tax the airline and its passengers under the guise of its Emissions Correspondents Trading Scheme (ETS). Robert F. Dorr, Washington There are three major problems with the ETS. First, the EU’s assertion Philip Butterworth-Hayes, Europe of regulatory and tax authority over emissions from aircraft while on the Michael Westlake, Hong Kong ground in the United States and in its airspace is a violation of national Contributing Writers sovereignty. Left unchecked, the consequences of this are enormous, as Richard Aboulafia, James W. Canan, airlines will be exposed to multiple, overlapping taxes and regulations that Marco Cáceres, Craig Covault, Leonard may be imposed by any and all nations of the world. Second, this unilateral David, Philip Finnegan, Edward tax siphons away from aviation the very funds needed to continue to Goldstein, Tom Jones, James Oberg, invest in new aircraft, retrofits, and operational innovations that bring real David Rockwell, J.R. Wilson environmental improvements. Third, adding insult to injury, the revenue Fitzgerald Art & Design collected does not even have to be used to help the environment: Under Art Direction and Design European law, countries may use this money for any purpose. While airlines and the aviation sector more broadly should care about Michael Griffin, President this, so too should all U.S. businesses and policymakers. Simply put, if the Robert S. Dickman, Publisher EU can tax emissions over an entire flight merely because that flight touches Craig Byl, Manufacturing and Distribution down in Europe, what prevents it from imposing emission taxes on the STEERING COMMITTEE import of U.S.-manufactured goods? Col. Neal Barlow, USAF Academy; With fuel as the airlines’ largest and most volatile expense, U.S. airlines Carol Cash, Carol Cash & Associates; have dedicated themselves to reducing fuel burn and resulting carbon Brian D. Dailey; Basil Hassan, Sandia; emissions. Between 1978 and 2011, the U.S. airline industry improved its Robert E. Lindberg, National Institute of fuel efficiency by 120%, resulting in emissions savings equivalent to taking Aerospace; Vigor Yang, Georgia Institute of Technology; Susan X. Ying; Boeing 22 million cars off the road annually. U.S. airlines burned 11% less fuel in 2011 than in 2000 even though they carried almost 16% more cargo and EDITORIAL BOARD passengers. The U.S. airline industry is committed to continuing this trend Ned Allen, Jean-Michel Contant, as supporters of the worldwide aviation industry’s plan for further fuel Eugene Covert, L.S. “Skip” Fletcher, efficiency improvements by an average of 1.5% a year through 2020 and Michael Francis, Cam Martin, carbon-neutral growth thereafter. However, meeting these goals requires Don Richardson, Douglas Yazell supportive policies from governments in areas like air traffic management ADVERTISING modernization and aviation technology research and development—taxation Robert Silverstein, 240.498.9674 policies like the EU ETS undermine them. [email protected] Airlines are working closely on a proposal with the International Civil Russell Brody 732.832.2977 Aviation Organization, the division of the United Nations responsible for [email protected] setting aviation standards. The aviation industry and its government allies Ross B. Garelick Bell Business Manager strongly believe that ICAO is the proper body to establish any aviation emissions program. ICAO approved the outline of the airlines’ emissions- Send materials to Craig Byl, AIAA, 1801 reduction proposal back in 2010 and continues to move it forward. Alexander Bell Drive, Suite 500, Reston, VA Until now, diplomacy has failed to deter the EU from taxing the world’s 20191-4344. Changes of address should be airlines. The Obama administration, congressional leaders from both sent by e-mail at [email protected], or by fax political parties, and most non-European nations denounce the EU ETS. at 703.264.7606. Send correspondence to [email protected]. They correctly call it an illegal money grab. But EU officials show no sign of backing off. Congress and the administration need to take action—both September 2012, Vol. 50, No. 8 legal and legislative—to block this unlawful tax. A global approach to lowering emissions would be welcome, European taxation is not. Nancy Young Vice President, Environmental Affairs, Airlines for America BEATlayout0912_Layout 1 8/9/12 12:15 PM Page 2 Russian helicopters on the ascent WITH SIX NEW MODELS IN VARIOUS reaus, a wide network of spare parts Mi-8/17 cargo transporter, alongside stages of development, these are busy production and repair facilities, plus a another upgraded utility model aimed times for Russian Helicopters. The growing number of joint ventures with at the fire-fighting and special mis- company is one of Russia’s biggest re- Western companies. sions markets, the Ka-32A 11BC. More cent success stories in the aerospace In 2010 AgustaWestland and Rus- than 12,000 Mi-8/17s have been sold arena, with deliveries set to reach 300 sian Helicopters had established a to civil and military customers around helicopters this year—up from 262 in joint venture company, HeliVert, to as- the world, and in 2011 the U.S. gov- 2011. Its business plan focuses on a semble AW139 helicopters at a new ernment ordered 21 Mi-17V5 military new range of models to attract civilian plant in Tomilino, near Moscow. transport helicopters for the Afghan customers in the global market and a The most recent of these ventures army in a deal worth about $300 mil- growing income stream from support was announced at the Farnborough lion—a landmark agreement in the rel- services. The company also has bene- International Air Show in July, when atively short post-WW II history of fitted from the upturn in the Russian Anglo-Italian helicopter manufacturer U.S./Russian military cooperation. economy, which has seen an increase AgustaWestland and Russian Helicop- But finding U.S. customers for its in both defense and military procure- ters outlined a plan for joint develop- new range of civil passenger helicop- ment budgets.
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