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Breeding the Golden Headed Quetzal

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Breeding the Golden Headed Quetzal Golden-headed quetzals (Pharo­ machrus auriceps) are strikingly beau­ tiful member of the Trogon family. They inhabit humid cloud forests of the ub-tropical portions ofthe Andes range in Venezuela Colombia Ecuador, Peru and northern Bolivia. (This i a colder, Breeding the wetter environment than the habitat of their more familiar and glamorous relative, the resplendent quetzal (Pharo­ Golden Headed Quetzal machrus mocinno).) All quetzals are arboreal and according to published reports their diet in the wild consists by Robert J. Berry, Curator ofBirds Houston Zoological Gardens mainly of small avocado-like fruit, lizard and insects. ests are located in rotten tree cavitie and the bird them- el es are rather ecretive and sedentary. Adultgolden-headed quetzal. The average length of P auriceps is 35 cm. Females are somewhat duller ver­ sions of the males lacking exten ive iridescent coloration on their heads, and having less elaborate development of the rump and tail feathers. In addi­ tion the beak coloration is dark brown in females and juveniles and bright golden yellow in adult male . The Trogon family con i t of eight genera and 34 species (20 ew-World, 11 Asian and three African). The quetzals com­ pri e the neo-tropical genu Pharo­ machrus. As with all other members of this unique family, with the exception of a few individuals, quetzals have generally proven difficult to establish and maintain in captivity. As a result, they are eldom available and few peci­ men ha e be n exhibited in zoos or maintained in pri ate collection . We were therefore not surprised when a review ofthe literature indicated that of the 34 trogon species, only one uc­ ce sful breeding ha been reported in captivity: the re plendent quetzal in a private collection in Costa Rica in 1941 (Delacour, 1943). Of all loosely defined grouping of bizarre and unusual birds known as soft­ bill my per onal interest has always focused on four distinct families: tour­ acos (Musophagidae)J birds ofparadise (Paradisaeidae)J cocks of the rock (Cotingidae)J and trogon (Trogonidae). Earlier in my zoo career, I was for­ tunate to have the opportunity to work with and successfully breed represen­ tatives from all ofthese groups with the exception of the trogons. I was, there­ fore, quite excited when in December of 1981, we were able to acquire a in'gle female of P auriceps for the zoo col­ lection from Hendee Zoological in Chicago. We were a ured at the time the female was purchased that a male would be available in the near future. We were hopeful, and even somewhat optimistic, that we could breed this Continued on page 26 24 December/January 1987 ERECT EASY WIRE COo INCa 6912 Tujunga Avenue North Hollywood, CA 91605 (818) 762-7966 Erect Easy Wire Panels are so sturdy that they are self-supporting - NO FRAMEWORK is required. Assemble your aviary kit in just minutes or a few hours. This new innovation in aviaries has provided th·ousands of people with beautiful, secura and functional aviaries. Whether for one or for a hundred flights. you will like our style and price .. Some Sample Sizes and Prices.... We can design and build virtually any size and shape. Please call for quotes. A Clip pliers is the only tool needed to quickly WALK IN AVIARIES install these units. Many of our custonlers not fallli liar with tools say "HEY TliAT WAS EASY! tt W L H PRICE 12 Go. 3' 6' 7"12' $212.00 e CALIFORNIA BREEDER 4' 4' 7"12' 197.00 10Ga. 4' 6' 7"12' The new concept for the serious bird breeder. 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(Calif. residents add sales tax) Allow 3 weeks for shipment. All Prices Subject to Change Without Notice. ALL WIRE IS GALVANIZED AFTER WELDING! species provided, of course, that we planted exhibit. The back wall of this could keep them alive. exhibit was wire and looked out into Upon her arrival, the female quickly the walk-through aviary. The exhibit proved that quetzals are, indeed, deli­ contained a small pool with running cate and tedious birds to maintain. The water, a skylight and supplemental zoo quarantine period was difficult for fluorescent lighting. After trying several both this female and her keepers. The wooden nest boxes and fiberglass simu­ diet instructions received from Hendee lated logs, in which the pair showed consisted of: cubed whole wheat bread, little interest, a natural palm log with a puffed rice cereal, chopped banana, hollow core was installed. The 1.8m tall avocado, soaked dog chow and a vita­ log was mounted vertically with the min/mineral supplement. These were base resting on the floor ofthe exhibit. the only items they had been able to The hollow core was filled with leaves, persuade her to eat. We soon learned, to pine needles and bark mulch to within our dismay, that these were eaten none one cm ofthe entrance hole and a perch too well. was attached just below the exterior This particular specimen was unbe­ opening. The top was covered with a lievably sedentary. In fact, I often won­ removable lid. dered, when I observed her through the Through a slow and tedious process window of the quarantine ward, if she of coaxing, the diet now accepted by was indeed alive or whether her the pair consisted of ZuPreem Bird of keepers, in fear of my not uncommon Prey Diet, avocado, grapes, raisins, fits of rage, had taken her carcass to a soaked dog chow/cat chow mix, taxidermist and were simply moving bananas, papaya/cantelope mix and her realistically-stuffed body from perch tomatoes. Although mealworms and to perch in a daily basis. As the Houston crickets were offered regularly, few Zoo had previously received a degree of were eaten. Chopped pinkies were also notoriety in the press for exhibiting fake fed but seldom touched. Moths and coral snakes my suspicions in this other flying insects were totally direction were not totally unfounded. ignored. We became concerned that if In March of 1982, a juvenile male was the quetzals nested, providing the right received from Hendee. This bird was nestling food would be a difficult prob­ placed in our quarantine building in a lem. Most field observations indicate flight adjacent to the female. By then, that chicks are reared on only live foods ~Std1. with our now somewhat vast experi­ up to ten days ofage. We, therefore, per­ ~caJd ence associated with the stresses and sisted in trying to find other foods that {)ak fJ1f.! traumas oftrogan husbandry, the male's would be accepted, but to no avail. c:f!viati£i, [f;w..q;?~ conditioning and quarantine were rela­ The pair appeared to adapt well to .l'?~ 27935 Pergl Road tively uneventful. This was perhaps due their exhibit. Their plumage became '. ~ Glenwillow, to the fact that he was a younger bird brighter after each molt and the male's d ,~-f.1i .. -)I:)J:';~~ Ohio 44139 and seemed to adapt more easily to his tail feathers lengthened. The two birds, ".-.7.({L}? :t >! captive environment. He accepted a however, were never observed sitting ..:,t.",_/ -. - The place for broader range of diet items, occasion­ together, allo-preening or otherwise Jl;_ hand-fed, tame ally flew around his cage, and even sharing an interest in each other or their ~.'A~ and talking baby more amazingly, often vocalized. His nesting site. I still wondered whether animation did little, however, to stimu­ the female's body cavity was stuffed MACAWS, COCKATOOS, late the female, and I continued to think with cotton balls or excelsior. AMAZON PARROTS she might actually be a realistically In early April 1985, the male was BUY DIRECT mounted taxidermy specimen. Both noticed pulling at fibers around the • Imported birds from our Miami quarantine birds completed their quarantine in entrance to the nest log and he grad­ station. mid-April and were subsequently trans­ ually began entering and removing • Domestic bred from our aviaries. ferred to the Tropical Bird House. materials from the cavity. The female • Laparascoped sexed birds ready for During their quarantine we noticed showed no interest in this cavity until breeding. that the female's left eye was becoming July of 1985 when she was also ob­ • Wrought iron cages, exclusively designed cloudy and obviously she could not see served pulling at the loose fibers around and manufactured for us.
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