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IUCN SSC Viper Specialist Group 2019 Report José Jesús Sigala-Rodríguez Stephen F. Spear Co-Chairs Mission statement Targets for the 2017-2020 quadrennium José Jesús Sigala-Rodríguez (1) The Viper Specialist Group (VSG) is a platform Assess (2) Stephen F. Spear from which conservation biologists can work Red List: (1) complete Red List assessments to increase our scientific understanding of for as many species of vipers in the world as Red List Authority Coordinator viper biology and can implement conservation possible; (2) complete assessments for Euro- Johanes Penner (3) actions to prevent declines and extinctions. pean and North Asian vipers; (3) consider the assessment of Montivipera kuhrangica (Kuhrang Location/Affiliation Projected impact for the 2017-2020 Mountain Viper) for the IUCN Red List. (1) Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, quadrennium Research activities: (1) identify priority sites Aguascalientes, Mexico By the end of 2020, we will have strengthened for the conservation of vipers; (2) identify Black- (2) Director of Wildlife Ecology, The Wilds, the organisation and effectiveness of the Viper headed Bushmaster (Lachesis melanocephala) Cumberland, Ohio, US Specialist Group in order to have a more mean- distribution in relation to human presence; (3) University of Freiburg, Germany ingful impact on the conservation of vipers (3) promote the creation of areas for the globally. We will do that by supporting the indi- conservation of vipers in each region; Number of members vidual activities of the members, increasing (4) update the distribution maps for vipers in 172 the membership, repositioning the VSG offi- the Western Hemisphere; (5) obtain missing cers, continuing to publish the VSG newsletter, ecological information for poorly known viper Social networks launching a new website, reactivating the pres- species in Mesoamerica; (6) project the impact Facebook: Viper Specialist Group ence of the VSG on social media, continuing to of climate change on selected species of vipers support Red List assessment activities, partic- in Mesoamerica. ipating more in academic meetings to network Plan with academic institutions, zoos, NGOs and Planning: (1) define regional priority species for other actors interested in the conservation of European and North Asian vipers; (2) develop a vipers, continuing to explore the possibilities to Viper Action Plan with specific actionable items; purchase land for the conservation of vipers, (3) complete and publish the VSG Strategic Plan; and publishing scientific and divulgative work (4) complete conservation action plans for at on vipers, among other things. least 50% of VSG regions. Policy: (1) support the proposal to include the Spider-Tail Viper (Pseudocerastes urarachnoides) in CITES Appendices in Iran; (2) support the in-country Memorandum of Understanding regarding the harvesting of vipers in Iran. Act Conservation actions: define regional priority species for European and North Asian vipers. Protobothrops mangshanensis, the Mangshan Pitviper (Endagered), is a mainly nocturnal Chinese species with a striking coloration pattern Photo: Eric Centenero Alcalá Network Activities and results 2019 ii. We continued identifying bushmaster occur- rences in relation to human presence that will Document review: identify knowledge gaps in Assess species assessments. be informed in a 2020 detection dog survey. Red List Membership: increase representativeness in Five new bushmaster observations through i. Phil Bowles and Neil Cox are nearing the membership. local contacts were added to the database. completion of Red List assessments of all reptile (KSR #43) Synergy: develop effective partnerships species. We were contacted by them to review iii. Updating of distribution maps for vipers in between zoos and the VSG. 109 assessments. Steve Spear and Jesús Sigala the Western Hemisphere was carried out, but Communicate took up the review task with the help of Jelka the products are still not published because and several European VSG members, Marcio, Communication: (1) create a webpage about they are maps. We still have to find the best Bryan, Anita and Mahmood. There were some the VSG with taxonomic updates to make this possible repository for them. (KSR #12) information more widely available; (2) continue assessments that proceeded without much iv. Several poorly known species were targeted to publish the Viper Specialist Group news- change, but we are planning to do re-assess- for ecological research in Mesoamerica and letter; (3) restructure the editorial board of the ment in the near future for vipers in many one species, Cerrophidion tzotzilorum (Tzotzil newsletter; (4) create outreach materials for regions. (KSR #1) Montane Pit Viper), was monitored exhaustively living with vipers that can be customised by Research activities in 2019. (KSR #12) region; (5) increase the efficiency and amount i. Two priority sites for the conservation of v. We started examining the impact of climate of internal and external communication; (6) vipers were considered, one in South Africa change on selected species of vipers in implement subpages for each region in the VSG and another in Mesoamerica; however, only Mesoamerica, considering taxa of restricted website. the South African one was proposed, and it distribution in México and Central America. So Scientific meetings: (1) determine how to received support from the Rainforest Fund. We far, we have finished with two species, Crotalus develop and implement focal species initia- will continue working on this target in the near armstrongi and Ophryacus undulatus. tives; (2) hold regular virtual meetings among future. (KSR #22) (KSR #32, 38) the Regional Coordinators; (3) hold at least one in-person meeting with most of the Regional Coordinators in this quadrennium. Vipera ammodytes, the Nose-horned Viper or Sand Viper (IUCN-Least Concern), is a species that inhabits Europe and the Middle East that has a peculiar horn in the snout Photo: Eric Centenero Alcalá Plan Planning i. Definition of regional priority species for Euro- pean and North Asian vipers: The first result is the outcome of the questionnaire shared among regional VSG members to propose priority species. The second result will be visible in 2020 but started in 2019, as an initiative of regional members to carry out an updated anal- ysis on the phylogeny of Eurasian vipers. The study is open access in Amphibia-Reptilia in 2020; this will be followed by the Red List reas- sessments of Eurasian vipers and update of their priority status. (KSR #15) ii. Several species were targeted to develop a Viper Action Plan; one species, Cerrophidion tzotzilorum, was monitored exhaustively in Cerrophidion tzotzilorum, the Tzotzil Montane Pit 2019. (KSR #31) Viper (IUCN-Least Concern), is a terrestrial and stout iii. Completion and publication of the VSG species endemic to southern Mexico Photo: Eric Centenero Alcalá Strategic Plan is being outlined. (KSR #31) Policy i. Advice was given for the MoU for harvesting of vipers in Iran, but no official document was generated. (KSR #27) Act Conservation actions i. One area in South Africa was created for the conservation of vipers with support from the Rainforest Fund. In Europe and North Asia, viper conservation areas should be discussed after getting consensus on priority areas for vipers, which also requires the updating of taxonomic status of viper taxa within the region. (KSR #22, 43) Bothriechis bicolor, the Guatemalan Palm-pit Viper (IUCN-Least Concern), is an arboreal species that inhabits forests in Mesoamerica Photo: Eric Centenero Alcalá ii. On the basis of a questionnaire shared among iv. We did not move from planning to creation Summary of activities 2019 regional members, eight priority areas for Euro- of outreach materials related to living with Components of Species Conservation Cycle: 5/5 pean and North Asian viper are proposed, but vipers, but we will be working in 2020 on similar Assess 6 |||||| could be subjected to further changes, when the material that could accomplish what we wanted process of updating taxonomy of Eurasian viper for this target. (KSR #28) Plan 4 |||| progresses. (KSR #22) v. We are transitioning in the leadership of the Act 2 || Network group, and we hope to be more effective in Network 2 || Membership increasing efficiency of communication. Communicate 8 |||||||| (KSR #28) i. In 2019, we did not advance in the process Main KSRs addressed: 1, 2, 12, 15, 22, 27, 28, of increasing representativeness in member- vi. We created seven region subpages on the 29, 31, 32, 38, 43 ship, but we are in the midst of restructuring website published through GoDaddy.com. We KSR: Key Species Result the membership of our group and will tackle it will strive to continue this in the new version in 2020. Plans for rearrangement were outlined, that we are preparing. (KSR #28) with the inclusion of committees to undertake Scientific meetings needed activities. i. One virtual meeting was held in 2019 among Synergy the Regional Coordinators, in which leadership i. One new partnership was developed with renovation was achieved. Universeum, in Sweden. In addition to this, ii. Different steering committee members our Deputy Chair attended the Association of have been present in local meetings, but we Zoos and Aquariums (AZA) Herp Taxon Advi- have not yet agreed on an in-person meeting sory Group (TAG) meeting to initiate discussions with most of the Regional Coordinators this regarding the Viper Specialist Group. (KSR #29) quadrennium. Communicate Communication Acknowledgements i. A website was created and paid for two years University of Niš and University of Belgrade in in GoDaddy.com, but there were problems with Serbia, Ministry of Education, Science and Tech- the renewal, so we are moving to publishing our nological Development of Republic of Serbia, website elsewhere. (KSR #28) Public Enterprise “Djerdap National Park” in ii. There was not much response to our call for Serbia and Fulbright Foundation kindly enabled items for the Viper Specialist Group Newsletter, the VSG Regional Coordinator for Europe and but we will call again in 2020. (KSR #28) North Asia to attend the II National Conference on Mexican Vipers and Ophidism and the Soci- iii.
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    A New Species of Hognose Pitviper, Genus Porthidium, from the Southwestern Pacific of Costa Rica (Serpentes: Viperidae)

    Rev. Biol. Trop. 51(3): 797-804, 2003 www.ucr.ac.cr www.ots.ac.cr www.ots.duke.edu A new species of hognose pitviper, genus Porthidium, from the southwestern Pacific of Costa Rica (Serpentes: Viperidae) William W. Lamar1 & Mahmood Sasa2 1 College of Sciences, University of Texas, 3900 University Blvd., Tyler, Texas 75799, USA. 2 Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Universidad de Costa Rica. San José, Costa Rica, and Organization for Tropical Studies, San José, Costa Rica. Received 12-IV-2003. Corrected 29-VIII-2003. Accepted 01-IX-2003. Abstract: A new species of terrestrial pitviper, Porthidium porrasi, is described from mesophytic forests of the Península de Osa and surrounding area of the Pacific versant of southwestern Costa Rica. It is most similar to P. nasutum and is characterized by a pattern of bands, persistence of the juvenile tail color in adults, and a high number of dorsal scales. Analysis of mtDNA sequences confirms its distinction from P. nasutum. The existence of this species reinforces the notion of elevated herpetofaunal endemism in southwestern Costa Rica. Key words: Porthidium porrasi, Porthidium nasutum, Osa Peninsula, Costa Rica, Central America. The pitviper genus Porthidium has under- genus Atropoides (Werman 1992); the mon- gone several revisions since its conception by tane pitvipers, genus Cerrophidion (Campbell Cope (1871). The genus has included two to and Lamar 1992); and the hognosed pitvipers, 17 species of terrestrial snakes, most of them genus Porthidium (Campbell and Lamar 1989, less than a meter in total length, and most with in press). Despite the considerable morpho- middle American distributions (Amaral 1927, logical differences, the three genera form a 1929, 1944, Boulenger 1896, Campbell and monophyletic clade that originated and Lamar 1989, Cope 1871, Dunn 1928).