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Home , Abraham Azulai, Artscroll, Chaim Yosef David Azulai, David Luria, Gemara, Joseph Trani

ARTSCROLL ENGLISH TANACH: THE JEWISH , WITH INSIGHTS FROM CLASSIC RABBINIC THOUGHT Selected Bibliography of Classic Sources Through 1850 Note: Entries that are names of commentators are in bold; entries that are names of works are in bold italic. Abarbanel, Don — (1437 – 1508) Philosopher, commentary on the Pentateuch that is quoted by statesman, leader of Spanish Jewry at the time of Ramban, Rabbeinu Bachya, and others. the Expulsion in 1492. Wrote massive commentary Chasam Sofer — Title of the many works of R’ Moshe on nearly the entire Tanach. Sofer (1762 – 1839), of Pressburg and Akeidah, Akeidas Yitzchak — Profound philosophical- acknowledged leader of Hungarian Jewry who led homiletical commentary on the Pentateuch by R’ the battle against Reform. Yitzchak Arama (1420 – 1494), one of the leading Chinuch — see Sefer HaChinuch. of 15th-century . Chizkuni — Commentary on the Pentateuch by R’ Alshich — Extremely popular commentary on the Chizkiyah ben Manoach, who lived in the 13th cen- Tanach by R’ (1508 – 1593?), tury, probably in . dayan and preacher in during its golden age. Chullin — Literally, “Not Sanctified.” Talmudic tractate Arachin — Literally, “Valuation.” Talmudic tractate in in Seder . See . Seder Kodashim. See Mishnah. Daas Zekeinim — Collection of comments on the — Literally, “Idolatry.” Talmudic trac- Pentateuch by the Tosafists of the 12th and 13th tate in Seder . See Mishnah. centuries. Baal HaTurim — Commentary on the Pentateuch by Degel Machaneh Ephraim — Chassidic commentary R’ Yaakov (c.1275 – c.1340), the son of the Rosh. on the Pentateuch by R’ Moshe Chaim Ephraim The commentary is composed of two parts: a) a of Sudylkov (1748 – 1800), grandson of the Baal brief one based on (a system of the numer- Shem Tov. ical values of Hebrew letters) and Masoretic inter- Derech HaChaim — Commentary on by pretations, known as Baal HaTurim; b) an extensive R’ Pinchos ben Yehudah, 19th century, Grodno. exegetical commentary, known as Peirush HaTur Rabbah — The section of Rabbah on HaAruch. the . See Midrash Rabbah. Bais HaLevi — Commentary on the Pentateuch by R’ Di Trani — R’ Yeshaya HaZaken (the Elder) (Rid) Yosef Dov HaLevi Soloveitchik (1820 – 1892), Rosh (c.1180 – c.1260), Tosafist, Halachist, teacher, Yeshivah in Volozhin and afterward Rabbi of Slutzk composed many Tosafos (lit., additions; the and Brisk. Considered one of the most brilliant medieval commentaries to the ) to various Talmudists of the 19th century. tractates of Talmud. In addition, he answered Bamidbar Rabbah — The section of Midrash Rabbah halachic queries from all over and ; on the . See Midrash Rabbah. his are cited in Shibolei HaLeket. He also Bava Basra — Literally, “Last Gate,” Talmudic tractate wrote commentaries on the and the in Seder Nezikin. See Mishnah. . — Literally, “First Gate,” Talmudic trac- Drashos HaRan — A collection of discourses by R’ tate in Seder Nezikin. See Mishnah. , Spain (c.1290 – c.1375). A clas- Bechoros — Literally, “First-Borns.” Talmudic tractate sic exposition of the fundamentals of . in Seder Kodashim. See Mishnah. Emek HaNetziv — Commentary on Sifri’s volumes on Beitzah — Literally, “Egg.” Talmudic tractate in Seder Numbers and Deuteronomy by Rabbi Naftali Tzvi . See Mishnah. Yehudah Berlin (HaNetziv or Netziv) (1817 – 1893), Berachos — Literally, “Blessings.” Talmudic tractate in Rosh Yeshivah of the famous yeshivah of Volozhin Seder . See Mishnah. in . Bereishis Rabbah — The section of Midrash Rabbah — Literally, “Co-mingling.” Talmudic tractate on the . See Midrash Rabbah. in Seder Moed. R’ Bunim of P’schis’cha — (1765 – 1827) Leading — Commentary on and explication of the Chassidic Rebbe in Poland in the early-19th cen- Mishnah; also known as Talmud. See Mishnah. tury. Some of his teachings are collected in Chedvas Gur Aryeh — Supercommentary on ’s Simchah, Kol Simchah, and Ramasayim Tzofim. Pentateuch commentary by the Maharal of Prague Chagigah — Literally, “Festival.” Talmudic tractate in (1526 – 1609). Seder Moed. See Mishnah. Haamek Davar — Commentary on the Pentateuch R’ Chananel — (died c.1055) Rosh and Rabbi by Rabbii Naftali Zvi Yehudah Berlin (HaNetziv of the Jewish community of Kairouan, ; or Netziv) (1817 – 1893), Rosh Yeshivah of the author of famous Talmud commentary, and of famous yeshivah of Volozhin in Russia. Halachos Gedolos — Halachic work by Rav Shimon Kereisos — Literally, “Excisions.” Talmudic tractate in Kayyara (Bahag) (9th century), arranged in the Seder Kodashim. See Mishnah. order of the Talmud and stating the Talmud’s Kesubos — Literally, “Marriage Contracts.” Talmudic conclusions. tractate in Seder . See Mishnah. Hilchos Matnos Aniyim — Laws of Gifts to the Poor; a — Literally, “Betrothals.” Talmudic tractate section of Mishnah Torah, Rambam’s work on the in Seder Nashim. See Mishnah. of giving charity. Kli Yakar — Popular commentary on the Pentateuch Hilchos Melachim — Laws of Kings; a section of by R’ Shlomo Ephraim Lunshitz (c.1550 – 1619), Mishnah Torah, Rambam’s work on the laws of Rosh Yeshiva in Lemberg and Rabbi of Prague, one kings; also discusses the Messianic age. of the leading Polish rabbis of the early-17th cen- Hilchos Teshuvah — Laws of Repentance; a section tury. Talmid of Maharal. of Mishnah Torah, Rambam’s work on the require- Kluger, R’ Shlomo — (1785 – 1869) Rabbi of Brody in ments of true repentance. Galicia, author of numerous works, one of the lead- Hilchos Tumas Tzaraas — Laws of the Impurity of ing Torah scholars of the 19th century. Tzaraas; a section of Mishnah Torah, Rambam’s Kotzk, R’ Menachem Mendel of — (1787 – 1859) One work on the biblical affliction of tzaraas, caused by of the leading Chassidic Rebbes in the mid-19th improper speech. century; his pithy comments are published in Emes Hil. Yesodei HaTorah — Laws of the Foundations of V’Emunah, in Torah, and in the numerous Torah; a section of Mishnah Torah, Rambam’s dis- works of his disciples. cussion of the obligation to love and fear God. Lechem Dim’ah — Commmentary on Megillas Eichah Hirsch, R’ Raphael — (1808 – 1888) Rabbi (Lamentations) by Rabbi Shmuel de Uzeda (see in Frankfurt-am-Main; great leader of modern Iggeres Shmuel). German-Jewish Orthodoxy and battler against Mahara Azulai — R’ (c.1570 – 1643) Reform; author of many works, including a five- was a Kabbalistic author and commentator born volume commentary on the Pentateuch. at Fez. In he wrote a commentary on the Ibn Ezra, R’ Avraham — (1089 – c.1164) Bible com- . mentator; paytan. Composed classic commentary Maharit — R’ (1538 – 1639) or R’ Joseph on entire Tanach, famous for its grammatical and di Trani (the Elder) was a Talmudist of the latter linguistic analysis. part of the 16th century who lived in Greece. By Ibn Latif, Isaac — (1210 – 1280) Philosopher and bibli- contemporary scholars he was called Mahrimat, cal commentator in Toledo, Spain; early commen- and regarded as one of the foremost Talmudists tator on Rambam’s Moreh Nevuchim (Guide for the of his time. Today he is more widely known as Perplexed). Maharit. He authored She’eilos U’Teshuvos, a three- Ibn Nachmias — R’ Joseph ben Joseph ibn Nachmias part work of halachic response, as well as numer- was a talmid of the Rosh in 14th-century Spain. ous commentaries on the Talmud. He wrote commentaries to , Jeremiah, and Maharal — Acronym for R’ Yehudah Loewe ben Bezalel Mishlei. (1526 – 1609), one of the seminal figures in Jewish Ibn Yachya. R’ Tam — (1494 – 1534) Bible commenta- thought in the last five centuries. Chief Rabbi in tor born in Florence, Italy. Author of Commentary to Moravia, Posen, and Prague. Author of numerous the Five Megillos, Derech Chaim, and Ner Mitzvah; works in all fields of Torah. the latter two were consigned to flames at the burn- Maharzu — Acronym for Moreinu HaRav Zeev Wolf ing of the Talmud in Padua in 1554. Einhorn of Vilna (died 1862), author of a compre- Iggeres Shmuel — Encyclopedic commentary on the hensive commentary on the Midrash Rabbah. Book of , authored by R’ Shmuel de Uzeda — See Rambam. (born c.1540), a student of the Ari. Malbim — Acronym for Meir Leibush ben Yechiel Ikkarim, Sefer HaIkkarim — (Book of Principles), a Michel (1809 – 1879), Rabbi in Germany, Romania, 15th-century work by R’ (c.1380 – and Russia, leading Torah scholar and one of the 1444) whose main theme is the exposition of the preeminent Bible commentators of modern times. principles of Judaism. Demonstrated how the Oral tradition is implicit in Kaftor VaFerach — Famous work on the history, geog- the Biblical text. raphy, and Halachos of Eretz Yisrael, by R’ Eshtori Matnos Aniyim — See Hilchos Matnos Aniyim. HaParchi (c.1282 – c.1357), a disciple of the Rosh. Mechilta — Tannaitic Halachic midrash to the Book Kara, R’ Yosef — (late 11th – early 12th century) R’ of Exodus. Yosef ben Shimon acquired the name Kara (from — Talmudic tractate dealing with the laws of Mikra [Scripture]) for his work in Biblical commen- and of reading the Megillah (Scroll of Esther), tary. R’ Yosef considered the plain meaning to be found in Seder Moed. See Mishnah. the objective of the text, and the homiletic explana- Meiri — Rabbi Menachem HaMeiri (1249-c.1310) tions an added attraction. was a famous Catalan rabbi, Talmudist and fol- — Literally, “Utensils.” Seder of the Mishnah in lower of Rambam. Meiri’s work on the Talmud, Beis Seder Tohoros. See Mishnah. HaBechirah, presents a synopsis of the arguments presented in the Talmud and of the commentators’ The Gemara, or Talmud, was developed as a com- commentaries. mentary and explication of the Mishnah. R’ Menachem — R’ Menachem ben Chalbo (11th cen- Mizrachi — Basic supercommentary on Rashi’s tury) was one of the first Bible commentators in Pentateuch commentary by R’ Eliyahu Mizrachi northern France. He was the uncle of R’ Yosef Kara (1450 – 1525) of Constantinople, Chief Rabbi of the (see above), who conveyed his comments to Rashi Turkish Empire. (see below). Moed Katan — Literally, “Minor Festival.” Talmudic R’ Menachem Mendel of Kotzk — See above, Kotzk. tractate in Seder Moed. See Mishnah. Menachos — Literally, “Offerings.” Talmudic tractate Moreh Nevuchim — Guide for the Perplexed, a major in Seder Kodashim. See Mishnah. work of . See Rambam. Metzudos — Two works by Rabbi Altschuler, Moshav Zekeinim — Collection of comments on the including Metzudas Zion, which explains individual Pentateuch by the Tosafists of the 12th and 13th words, and Metzudas David, which provides a run- centuries. ning commentary to the text. Due to their simple R’ Moshe HaKohen — (12th century) Also known and concise language, the dual commentaries by the acronym Ramach; author of Hasagos have become almost indispensable aids in Bible (Criticisms) on . study. Nachal Eshkol — Homiletical work of the Five Megillos, Michlal Yofi — A lexicon by ibn Melek authored by Rav (Chida) (c.1480), philological and lexicographer commen- (1724 – 1806). tator, published in Constantinople, 1554. — Literally, “Vows.” Talmudic tractate in Midrash — Genre of . Selections Seder Nashim. See Mishnah. from the Aggadic teachings of the and Netziv — See above, Haamek Davar. arranged according to the verses of the Noam Elimelech — Collection of Chassidic discourses Tanach. on the Pentateuch by R’ Elimelech of Lizhensk Midrash — Midrashic collection based on (1717 – 1787). the works of R’ Moshe HaDarshan, see below. — See below, Onkelos. Midrash Lekach Tov — Midrashic work on the Or HaChaim — Commentary on the Pentateuch by the Pentateuch and the Five Megillos compiled by R’ famous Kabbalist and Talmudic scholar R’ Chaim Toviah (ben ) HaGadol (1036 – 1108) of ben Attar (1696 – 1743), Rabbi and Rosh Yeshiva in Greece and Bulgaria. This work is also known as , Italy, and subsequently in . Pesikta Zutrasa. — Literally, “Passover Festivals.” Talmudic Midrash Mishlei — Midrashic explication of the Book tractate in Seder Moed. See Mishnah. of Proverbs. Pesikta Rabbasi — Midrashic collection of homilies Midrash Rabbah — Literally, “The Great Midrash.” The compiled in the Geonic era on parts of the weekly oldest Amoraic classical Midrash on the Five Books , certain Haftaros, and certain special of the Torah and the Megillos (Scrolls). Sabbaths. Midrash Tanchuma — See below, Tanchuma. Pirkei D’Rabbi Eliezer — Midrash composed by Minchas Shai — Comparison of the variant readings the school of the Tanna R’ Eliezer ben Hyrcanus concerning spelling, vocalization, and accentua- (c.100). An important commentary on this midrash tion of the words in Tanach found in Talmudic and was composed by R’ David Luria (1798 – 1855), Midrashic literature as well as in published and one of the leading Torah scholars in Russia in the unpublished manuscripts, compiled by R’ Yedidiah early 19th century. Shlomo of Norzi (1560 – 1625), Rav in Mantua in Rabbeinu Bachya — (1263 – 1340) Student of the 1585, and originally titled Poretz Geder. Rashba, author of a commentary on the Pentateuch Mishnah — Compilation of the Oral Law into six divi- containing four modes of interpretation: plain sions, each known as a seder, i.e., order: meaning of the text, and midrashic, philosophical, Seder Zeraim (Seeds), dealing with the laws of and kabbalistic exegeses. farming and produce; — (1100 – 1171) Grandson of Rashi, Seder Moed (Time; Season), dealing with the laws and one of the foremost Tosafists. of the festivals; Radak — Acronym for R’ Dovid Kimchi (1160 – 1235) Seder Nashim (Women), dealing with the laws of of Provence, leading Bible commentator and gram- marriage and divorce; marian. Of his famous commentary on Tanach, Seder Nezikin (), dealing with civil law, only the sections to Genesis, the Prophets, , damages, idolatry, and moral and ethical Proverbs, and Chronicles have survived. principles; Ralbag — Acronym for R’ Levi ben Gershom [Ger- Seder Kodashim (Sacred Things), dealing with Tem- sonides] (1288 – 1344) of Provence. According to ple offerings, the daily routine in the Temple, some, he was a grandson of Ramban. Composed and the Temple’s dimensions and furnishings; rationalistic commentary on the Scriptures that ex- Seder Taharos (Purities), dealing with ritual purity plains the text, and then sums up the philosophical and impurity. ideas and moral lessons contained in each section. Rambam — Acronym for R’ Moshe ben Maimon Shabbos — Literally, “Sabbath.” Talmudic tractate in [Maimonides] (1135 – 1204), one of the leading Seder Moed. See Mishnah. Torah scholars of the Middle Ages. His three major She’eilos U’Teshuvos Maharit — A work in three parts works are: Commentary to the Mishnah in Arabic; by R’ Joseph Trani (Maharit), consisting of halachic Mishneh Torah, a comprehensive code of Jewish responsa. law; and Moreh Nevuchim (Guide for the Perplexed), — Literally, “Shekels.” Tractate dealing a major work of Jewish philosophy. with the laws of funds collected to maintain to Holy Ramban — Acronym for R’ Moshe ben Nachman Temple and to provide public offerings. Talmudic [] (1194 – 1270) of Gerona, Spain, tractate in Seder Moed. See Mishnah. one of the leading Torah scholars of the Middle Shemos Rabbah — The section of Midrash Rabbah on Ages; successfully defended Judaism at the dra- the . See Midrash Rabbah. matic debate in in 1263; author of Shevuos — Literally, “Oaths.” Talmudic tractate in numerous basic works in all aspects of Torah, Seder Nezikin. See Mishnah. including a classic commentary on the Pentateuch. Sh’lah — Acronym for Shnei Luchos HaBris (The Two Ran — Acronym for R’ Nissim of Gerona, Spain Tablets of the Covenant), by R’ Yeshayah Hurwitz (c.1290 – c.1375), famous for his Talmudic com- (1560 – 1630), Rabbi in Poland, Frankfurt, Prague, mentary; see above, Drashos HaRan. and Jerusalem, one of the leading Torah scholars — Acronym for R’ Shmuel ben Meir of the early-17th century. It includes fundamental (c.1085 – 1174), grandson of Rashi and brother of tenets of Judaism, basic instruction in , Rabbeinu Tam, leading Tosafist and Talmud com- and a commentary on the Pentateuch. mentator, author of a literalist commentary on the Shocher Tov — Haggadic midrash on the Book of Pentateuch. Psalms. Rashi — Acronym for R’ Shlomo Yitzchaki — Tannaitic halachic midrash to the Book of (1040 – 1105), considered the commentator Leviticus; also known as Toras Kohanim. par excellence. Rashi’s commentaries on the , Sifrei — Tannaitic halachic midrash to the Pentateuch and on the Talmud are considered Books of Numbers and Deuteronomy, often refer- absolutely basic to the understanding of the text to enced by the name of the relevant Torah portion this very day. (). Rema — Acronym for Rabbi Moshe Isserles Sifrei Zuta — Ancient Midrash on the Book of Num- (1520 – 1572), an eminent Ashkenazic rabbi, bers quoted by medieval commentators. Talmudist, and , renowned for his fundamental — Literally, “Suspected Woman.” Talmudic trac- work of halachah (Jewish law), entitled HaMapah tate in Seder Nashim. See Mishnah. (lit., The Tablecloth), glosses on , Taanis — Literally, “Fast.” Talmudic tractate in Seder and his Darchei Moshe commentary on the Tur. Moed. See Mishnah. R’ Menachem Recanati — (late-13th – early-14th Talmud — Also known as Gemara. Commentary on cent.) Italian Kabbalist who composed a mystical and explication of the Mishnah. See Mishnah. commentary on the Pentateuch. Talmud Bavli — Literally, “Babylonian Talmud.” This Ri Mitrani — See Di Trani, above. multi-volume work includes the Mishnah and the — Talmudic tractate dealing with the Babylonian Gemara, which is the culmination of laws of Rosh Hashanah; found in Seder Moed. See more than 300 years of analysis of the Mishnah Mishnah. — plus other related material — in the Babylonian — The section of Midrash Rabbah on the Academies, approximately 200 – 500 CE. . See Midrash Rabbah. Talmud Yerushalmi — The Talmud composed by R’ Saadiah Gaon — (882 – 942) Head of the famous the Amoraim of Eretz Yisrael in the 2nd – 4th cen- yeshivah of Pumbedisa, zealous opponent of Kara- turies. Although traditionally called the Talmud of ism; author of many works in all areas of Torah Jerusalem, it was composed in the Galilee, since learning, including the philosophical work, Emunos in that era the Romans did not permit the to v’Deos, and an Arabic translation of the Pentateuch. reside in Jerusalem. — Literally, “Courts.” Talmudic tractate in Tanchuma — Aggadic midrash on the Pentateuch, Seder Nezikin. See Mishnah. attributed to the school of the Amora R’ Tanchuma Seder Olam, — Literally, “The bar Abba of Eretz Yisrael (late-4th century). There Order of the World.” Ancient chronological work are two published versions of this Midrash: a) quoted by the Gemara, attributed to the Tanna R’ Tanchuma Yashan, the only one known until the Yosei ben Chalafta. late 19th century; b) Tanchuma Buber, manuscript Sefer HaChinuch — The classic work on the 613 com- discovered by the scholar S. Buber in 1885. mandments, their rationale and their regulations, Targum, — Authoritative by an anonymous author in 13th-century Spain. translation of the Pentateuch by the proselyte Sforno — Classic commentary on the Pentateuch by Onkelos (c.90). This work, which earned the R’ Ovadiah Sforno of Rome and Bologna, Italy approbation of his teachers, the Tannaim R’ Eliezer (1470 – 1550). and R’ Yehoshua, is an interpretive translation. Targum Yonasan — Aramaic paraphrase of the Pen- that this compilation of Talmudic and midrashic tateuch; although attributed by some to Yonasan sentences is limited only to the Books of Isaiah, ben Uziel, the disciple of Hillel (1st century B.C.E.), Jeremiah, , the Twelve Prophets, Psalms, .signify Targum Proverbs, and Job ת“י others maintain that the initials Yerushalmi, meaning that it was composed in — The best-known and most com- Eretz Yisrael, and ascribe a later date to its com- prehensive Midrashic anthology, covering the entire position. Tanach; attributed to R’ Shimon HaDarshan of Tosafos — The Talmudic glosses of the French and Frankfurt (13th century). German rabbis of the 12th and 13th centuries on R’ Yehudah HaChassid — (c. 1150 – 1217) Ethicist and the Babylonian Talmud printed in all editions of that Tosafist who authored Sefer Chassidim (Bologna, work alongside the text of the Gemara. 1538), which covers the entire scope of Jewish life — Collection of Baraisos, traditionally attrib- and teaches ethics by citing specific examples from uted to R’ Chiya and his circle (Iggeres R’ Shrira life experiences rather than by formulating abstract Gaon); a parallel work to the Mishnah. principles. He also authored many kabbalistic Tur — (Literally, “Row”) Code of Jewish law composed works and had great influence both in his time and by R’ Yaakov, the son of the Rosh (c.1275 – c.1340). in succeeding generations. The Arba Turim (Four Rows, which is its full title) is Yerushalmi — See Talmud Yerushalmi. composed of four parts: Tur Orach Chaim (Path of Yerushalmi Sanhedrin — Literally, “Courts.” Talmudic Life, on daily, Sabbath, and holiday practices), Tur tractate in the , Seder Nezikin Yoreh Deah (Teacher of Wisdom, on dietary laws, (Damages). oaths, usury, [ritual impurity], , and Yerushalmi Sotah — Literally, “Suspected Woman.” mourning), Tur Even HaEzer (The Rock of Assistance, Talmudic tractate in the Jerusalem Talmud, Seder on marriage and divorce), and Tur Choshen Mishpat Nashim (Women). (Breastplate of Judgment, on business, disputes, and Yevamos — Literally, “Levirate Marriages.” Talmudic compensation for injury and damage). tractate in Seder Nashim. See Mishnah. Tuv Taam — Commentary on Ecclesiastes by R’ — Literally, “Day”; the laws of Yom Kippur. Yisrael Asher Shapiro, printed in Warsaw, 1895. Talmudic tractate in Seder Moed. See Mishnah. R’ Tzaddok HaCohen — (1823 – 1900) Chassidic sage Rabbeinu Yonah [of Gerona] — Spanish Rav and mor- and thinker; prolific author in many aspects of alist of the 13th century who wrote many works, Torah; one of the leading Torah scholars of the 19th among them commentaries on portions of Tanach; century. Largest of his many works is Pri , a commentary on Avos; Chiddushim on several trac- collection of his discourses on the Pentateuch. tates of the Talmud; his famous Mussar works, later Tzror HaMor — Homiletic commentary on the reprinted, include: Iggeres HaTeshuvah; Shaarei Pentateuch by R’ Avraham Saba (c.1440 – c.1508). Teshuvah; and Sefer HaYirah. Fear of the Inquisition forced him to bury the book Yoreh Deah — Literally, “Teacher of Wisdom,” a vol- in Portugal; he subsequently rewrote it from mem- ume of laws on dietary laws, oaths, usury, niddah ory when he escaped to . (ritual impurity), mikveh, and mourning). See Tur. Rabbah — The section of Midrash Rabbah on Yosef Lekach — A commentary on the the . See Midrash Rabbah. by Rabbi Eliezer ben Eliyahu Ashkenazi of Cairo — R’ Eliyahu ben Shlomo Zalman (1512 – 1585). (1720 – 1797), also known as R’ Eliyahu HaChassid — Literally, “Sacrifices.” Talmudic tractate (“the saintly R’ Eliyahu”) or by the acronym, Gra. in Seder Kodashim. See Mishnah. Considered the greatest Torah scholar in many Zohar — The basic work of Kabbalah, attributed centuries; acknowledged leader of non-Chassidic to R’ Shimon ben Yochai and his disciples in the Jewry of Eastern . form of a commentary on the Pentateuch and the Yalkut — See below, Yalkut Shimoni. Megillos. Hidden for centuries, it was first published Yalkut HaMachiri — By R’ Machir ben , in the late-13th century by R’ Moshe de Leon probably composed in the late 13th or 14th cen- (c.1250 – 1305), in Spain. tury. The Yalkut HaMachiri itself is similar in its Zohar Chadash — Kabbalistic Midrash, part of the contents to the Yalkut Shimoni, with the difference Zohar.