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Overcoming the Challenges of Tamarix Management with Diorhabda Carinulata Through the Identification and Application of Semioche
OVERCOMING THE CHALLENGES OF TAMARIX MANAGEMENT WITH DIORHABDA CARINULATA THROUGH THE IDENTIFICATION AND APPLICATION OF SEMIOCHEMICALS by Alexander Michael Gaffke A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Ecology and Environmental Sciences MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY Bozeman, Montana May 2018 ©COPYRIGHT by Alexander Michael Gaffke 2018 All Rights Reserved ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This project would not have been possible without the unconditional support of my family, Mike, Shelly, and Tony Gaffke. I must thank Dr. Roxie Sporleder for opening my world to the joy of reading. Thanks must also be shared with Dr. Allard Cossé, Dr. Robert Bartelt, Dr. Bruce Zilkowshi, Dr. Richard Petroski, Dr. C. Jack Deloach, Dr. Tom Dudley, and Dr. Dan Bean whose previous work with Tamarix and Diorhabda carinulata set the foundations for this research. I must express my sincerest gratitude to my Advisor Dr. David Weaver, and my committee: Dr. Sharlene Sing, Dr. Bob Peterson and Dr. Dan Bean for their guidance throughout this project. To Megan Hofland and Norma Irish, thanks for keeping me sane. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION ...........................................................................................................1 Tamarix ............................................................................................................................1 Taxonomy ................................................................................................................1 Introduction -
Biotic Risks and Climate Change in Forests
Fakultät für Forst- und Umweltwissenschaften der Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Forstliche Versuchs- und Forschungsanstalt Baden-Württemberg Freiburger Forstliche Forschung Berichte Biotic Risks and Climate Change in Forests 10 th IUFRO Workshop of WP 7.03.10 “Methodology of Forest Insect and Disease Survey in Central Europe”, September 20-23, 2010 Freiburg, Germany Proceedings Heft 89 BERICHTE FREIBURGER FORSTLICHE FORSCHUNG Heft 89 Biotic Risks and Climate Change in Forests Forest Research Institute of Baden-Württemberg Department of Forest Protection 2011 ISSN 1436 - 1566 Publisher: Fakultät für Forst- und Umweltwissenschaften der Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg and Forstliche Versuchs- und Forschungsanstalt (FVA) Baden-Württemberg Editors (eds.): Horst Delb and Silvia Pontuali All papers in this publication were submitted electronically and have been edited to achieve a more or less uniform format. Each author is responsible for the content and form of his own paper. Cover design: Bernhard Kunkler Design, Freiburg Print: Self-publishing FVA, Freiburg Order to: Forstliche Versuchs- und Forschungsanstalt Baden-Württemberg Wonnhaldestraße 4 D-79100 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany Phone: +49 761/ 4018-0 • Fax: +49 761/ 4018-333 E-Mail: [email protected] Internet: www.fva-bw.de www.biotic-risks-2010.de All rights, including the right of reproduction, dissemination and translation reserved. Printed on 100% chlorine-free bleached paper. Preface The tenth regular workshop of the IUFRO Working Party WP 7.03.10 "Methodology of Forest Insect and Disease Survey in Central Europe" was held in Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany, September 20- 23, 2010. It was organized and hosted by the Forest Research Institute of Baden-Württemberg, Department of Forest Protection. -
Alien Invasive Species and International Trade
Forest Research Institute Alien Invasive Species and International Trade Edited by Hugh Evans and Tomasz Oszako Warsaw 2007 Reviewers: Steve Woodward (University of Aberdeen, School of Biological Sciences, Scotland, UK) François Lefort (University of Applied Science in Lullier, Switzerland) © Copyright by Forest Research Institute, Warsaw 2007 ISBN 978-83-87647-64-3 Description of photographs on the covers: Alder decline in Poland – T. Oszako, Forest Research Institute, Poland ALB Brighton – Forest Research, UK; Anoplophora exit hole (example of wood packaging pathway) – R. Burgess, Forestry Commission, UK Cameraria adult Brussels – P. Roose, Belgium; Cameraria damage medium view – Forest Research, UK; other photographs description inside articles – see Belbahri et al. Language Editor: James Richards Layout: Gra¿yna Szujecka Print: Sowa–Print on Demand www.sowadruk.pl, phone: +48 022 431 81 40 Instytut Badawczy Leœnictwa 05-090 Raszyn, ul. Braci Leœnej 3, phone [+48 22] 715 06 16 e-mail: [email protected] CONTENTS Introduction .......................................6 Part I – EXTENDED ABSTRACTS Thomas Jung, Marla Downing, Markus Blaschke, Thomas Vernon Phytophthora root and collar rot of alders caused by the invasive Phytophthora alni: actual distribution, pathways, and modeled potential distribution in Bavaria ......................10 Tomasz Oszako, Leszek B. Orlikowski, Aleksandra Trzewik, Teresa Orlikowska Studies on the occurrence of Phytophthora ramorum in nurseries, forest stands and garden centers ..........................19 Lassaad Belbahri, Eduardo Moralejo, Gautier Calmin, François Lefort, Jose A. Garcia, Enrique Descals Reports of Phytophthora hedraiandra on Viburnum tinus and Rhododendron catawbiense in Spain ..................26 Leszek B. Orlikowski, Tomasz Oszako The influence of nursery-cultivated plants, as well as cereals, legumes and crucifers, on selected species of Phytophthopra ............30 Lassaad Belbahri, Gautier Calmin, Tomasz Oszako, Eduardo Moralejo, Jose A. -
Giant Sequoia Insect, Disease, and Ecosystem Interactions1
Giant Sequoia Insect, Disease, and Ecosystem Interactions1 Douglas D. Piirto2 Abstract: Individual trees of giant sequoia (Sequoia gigantea [Lindl.] afflict and kill other trees." Similarly Hartesveldt (1962) Decne.) have demonstrated a capacity to attain both a long life and very concurred that "Sequoia's longevity and great size have large size. It is not uncommon to find old-growth giant sequoia trees in their native range that are 1,500 years old and over 15 feet in diameter at been attributed by nearly all writers, popular and scientific, breast height. The ability of individual giant sequoia trees to survive over to its few insect and fungus parasites and the remarkable such long periods of time has often been attributed to the species high resistance of the older trees to damage or death by fire. resistance to disease, insect, and fire damage. Such a statement, however, is There is no record of an individual sequoia living in its a gross oversimplification, given broader ecosystem and temporal interac- tions. For example, why isn't there a greater representation of young-growth natural range as having been killed by either fungus or insect giant sequoia trees throughout the mixed-conifer belt of the Sierra Nevadas? attack." Even as recently as 1991 Harlow and others (1991) What other factors, in addition to physical site characteristics, limit giant stated: "Insects and fungi cause but minor damage, and no sequoia to its present range and grove boundaries? How does fire and fire large Bigtree killed by them has ever been found." frequency affect disease and insect interrelationships in the giant sequoia/ mixed-conifer ecosystem? Are current forest management strategies (e.g., It is finally being recognized that giant sequoia is fire suppression, prescribed burning programs) affecting these interactions? subject to the same natural forces as other tree species (Bega Giant sequoia trees are subject to the same natural forces (e.g., insect and 1964, Harvey and others 1980, Parmeter 1987, Piirto 1977, disease organisms) as other tree species. -
25Th U.S. Department of Agriculture Interagency Research Forum On
US Department of Agriculture Forest FHTET- 2014-01 Service December 2014 On the cover Vincent D’Amico for providing the cover artwork, “…and uphill both ways” CAUTION: PESTICIDES Pesticide Precautionary Statement This publication reports research involving pesticides. It does not contain recommendations for their use, nor does it imply that the uses discussed here have been registered. All uses of pesticides must be registered by appropriate State and/or Federal agencies before they can be recommended. CAUTION: Pesticides can be injurious to humans, domestic animals, desirable plants, and fish or other wildlife--if they are not handled or applied properly. Use all pesticides selectively and carefully. Follow recommended practices for the disposal of surplus pesticides and pesticide containers. Product Disclaimer Reference herein to any specific commercial products, processes, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not constitute or imply its endorsement, recom- mendation, or favoring by the United States government. The views and opinions of wuthors expressed herein do not necessarily reflect those of the United States government, and shall not be used for advertising or product endorsement purposes. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, or marital or family status. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA’s TARGET Center at 202-720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, Room 326-W, Whitten Building, 1400 Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, D.C. -
Insects That Feed on Trees and Shrubs
INSECTS THAT FEED ON COLORADO TREES AND SHRUBS1 Whitney Cranshaw David Leatherman Boris Kondratieff Bulletin 506A TABLE OF CONTENTS DEFOLIATORS .................................................... 8 Leaf Feeding Caterpillars .............................................. 8 Cecropia Moth ................................................ 8 Polyphemus Moth ............................................. 9 Nevada Buck Moth ............................................. 9 Pandora Moth ............................................... 10 Io Moth .................................................... 10 Fall Webworm ............................................... 11 Tiger Moth ................................................. 12 American Dagger Moth ......................................... 13 Redhumped Caterpillar ......................................... 13 Achemon Sphinx ............................................. 14 Table 1. Common sphinx moths of Colorado .......................... 14 Douglas-fir Tussock Moth ....................................... 15 1. Whitney Cranshaw, Colorado State University Cooperative Extension etnomologist and associate professor, entomology; David Leatherman, entomologist, Colorado State Forest Service; Boris Kondratieff, associate professor, entomology. 8/93. ©Colorado State University Cooperative Extension. 1994. For more information, contact your county Cooperative Extension office. Issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension work, Acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture, -
Integrating Cultural Tactics Into the Management of Bark Beetle and Reforestation Pests1
DA United States US Department of Proceedings --z:;;-;;; Agriculture Forest Service Integrating Cultural Tactics into Northeastern Forest Experiment Station the Management of Bark Beetle General Technical Report NE-236 and Reforestation Pests Edited by: Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team J.C. Gregoire A.M. Liebhold F.M. Stephen K.R. Day S.M.Salom Vallombrosa, Italy September 1-3, 1996 Most of the papers in this publication were submitted electronically and were edited to achieve a uniform format and type face. Each contributor is responsible for the accuracy and content of his or her own paper. Statements of the contributors from outside the U.S. Department of Agriculture may not necessarily reflect the policy of the Department. Some participants did not submit papers so they have not been included. The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the U.S. Department of Agriculture or the Forest Service of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. Remarks about pesticides appear in some technical papers contained in these proceedings. Publication of these statements does not constitute endorsement or recommendation of them by the conference sponsors, nor does it imply that uses discussed have been registered. Use of most pesticides is regulated by State and Federal Law. Applicable regulations must be obtained from the appropriate regulatory agencies. CAUTION: Pesticides can be injurious to humans, domestic animals, desirable plants, and fish and other wildlife - if they are not handled and applied properly. -
Panel Trap Info Sheet P1.Cdr
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lpha Scents, Inc., 1089 Willamette Falls Drive, West Linn, OR 97068 Tel. 503-342-8611 • Fax. 314-271-7297 • [email protected] www.alphascents.com beetles, longhorn beetles, wood wasps, and other timber infesting pests. 25 20 Panel Trap is commercially available for ts Comparative Trapping of Forest Coleoptera, ns ec f i 15 # o PT and Multi-Funnel Trap, Cranberry Lake, NY, 10 5 0 Three types of traps were tested: PT treated with Rain-X , PT untreated (PT), and Multi-Funnel Trap (Phero-Tech, Inc.). The traps were baited with three lure prototypes: (1) standard lure (alpha-pinene (ap), ipdienol (id), PT #1-R 12 Funnel #1 ipsenol (ie), (2) turpentine lure (turpentine, id, ie), and (3) ethanol lure (ethanol, ap, id, ie). 14 ec t s 12 ns 10 of i PT and Multi-Funnel # Summer 2002 8 Comparative Trapping of Forest Coleoptera, 6 4 2 0 effective toolThe for Panel monitoring Trap is Cerambycids,an as well as Scolytids, Buprestids, and other forest Coleoptera. -
Lista Di Allerta Pag
SERVIZIO FITOSANITARIO REGIONALE SERVIZI AGROAMBIENTALI DI VIGILANZA E CONTROLLO “Relazione tecnica e analisi di previsione sulla diffusione di malattie da quarantena in ambito regionale e locale.” GENNAIO 2014 Indice Pag. 1 1. Premessa Pag. 2 2. L’Organizzazione Europea per la Protezione delle Piante (EPPO) Pag. 2 3. Le liste ufficiali dell’EPPO relative agli organismi da quarantena Pag. 3 3.1. Le liste A1 e A2 Pag. 5 3.1.b Cancellazione dalle liste Pag. 6 3.1.c Passaggio dalla lista A1 a quella A2 Pag. 6 3.2 La lista A1 Pag. 6 3.2 La lista A2 Pag. 10 3.3 La lista di Allerta Pag. 13 3.3.1 Aggiunta di organismi nocivi Pag. 14 3.3.2 Cancellazione di organismi nocivi Pag. 14 3.4 La lista degli organismi da quarantena recentemente aggiunti a A1/A2 o di Pag. 16 urgente preoccupazione fitosanitaria (Action list) 4. La lista delle principali emergenze fitosanitarie individuate dal SFN Pag. 19 del Mipaaf 4.1 Aromia bungii Pag. 21 4.2 Anoplophora glabripennis Pag. 26 4.3 Anthonomus eugenii Pag. 34 4.4 Xylella fastidiosa Pag. 39 1 1. Premessa Negli ultimi anni, complice la globalizzazione dei mercati che ha incrementato gli scambi commerciali in particolare con i Paesi Terzi, è aumentato considerevolmente a livello mondiale e quindi anche nelle regioni italiane il rischio dell'introduzione di nuovi parassiti potenzialmente dannosi dal punto di vista economico per le produzioni ed il patrimonio vegetale ( quarantine pests ) fino ad allora sconosciuti o comunque mai segnalati prima ufficialmente. Tale rischio è particolarmente accentuato in Toscana per la presenza sul territorio sia del distretto vivaistico pistoiese, la più importante realtà vivaistica italiana ed una delle maggiori a livello europeo, sia del porto commerciale di Livorno, tra i principali punti comunitari officiali di importazione di materiale vegetale dall’estero e dai paesi Terzi ( entry point ), attraverso cui transitano ogni anno centinaia di migliaia di tonnellate di prodotti e merce vegetale di diversa natura e provenienza. -
Working Today for Nature Tomorrow
Report Number 574 Revision of the Index of Ecological Continuity as used for saproxylic beetles English Nature Research Reports working today for nature tomorrow English Nature Research Reports Number 574 Revision of the Index of Ecological Continuity as used for saproxylic beetles Keith N A Alexander 59 Sweetbrier Lane Heavitree Exeter EX1 3AQ You may reproduce as many additional copies of this report as you like, provided such copies stipulate that copyright remains with English Nature, Northminster House, Peterborough PE1 1UA ISSN 0967-876X © Copyright English Nature 2004 Acknowledgements Thanks are due to Jon Webb for initiating this project and to the many recorders who have made their species lists available over the years. The formation of the Ancient Tree Forum has brought together a wide range of disciplines involved in tree management and conservation, and has led to important cross-fertilisation of ideas which have enhanced the ecological understanding of the relationships between tree and fungal biology, on the one hand, and saproxylic invertebrates, on the other. This has had tremendous benefits in promoting good conservation practices. Summary The saproxylic beetle Index of Ecological Continuity (IEC) was originally developed as a means of producing a simple statistic which could be used in grading a site for its significance to the conservation of saproxylic (wood-decay) beetles based on ecological considerations rather than rarity. The approach has received good recognition by the conservation agencies and several important sites have been designated as a result of this approach to interpreting site species lists as saproxylic assemblages of ecological significance. The Index is based on a listing of the species thought likely to be the remnants of the saproxylic beetle assemblage of Britain’s post-glacial wildwood, and which have survived through a history of wood pasture management systems in certain refugia. -
United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service Alaska
United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service Alaska Region State and Private Forestry Forest Health Protection 2009 Cover photos clockwise from top: Spruce bark beetle damage (inset spruce bark beetle) Chicken of the woods conks Hemlock fluting and wood decay Wood wasp 2 Insects and Diseases of Alaskan Forests Edward Holsten, U.S. Forest Service Entomologist (retired) Paul Hennon, U.S. Forest Service Pathologist Lori Trummer, U.S. Forest Service Pathologist James Kruse, U.S. Forest Service Entomologist Mark Schultz, U.S. Forest Service Entomologist John Lundquist, U.S. Forest Service Entomologist Publication Number R10–TP–140 3 Acknowledgments The authors thank Tom Laurent, Richard Werner, and John Hard, retired U.S. Forest Service Pathologist and Entomologists, respectively, who were instrumental in developing previous editions of this handbook. We thank Courtney Danley, biological technician, U.S. Forest Service Juneau, for her efforts in obtaining new insect photos. We also appreciate the technical assistance of Ken Zogas, biological technician, U.S. Forest Service Anchorage, and Roger Burnside, Entomologist, Division of Forestry, State of Alaska, as well as the enthusiasm and professionalism of the Alaska Cooperative Extension IPM Technicians. This handbook would not have been possible without the hard work and dedication of David Allen, graphic designer, Public Affairs Office, Chugach National Forest, Anchorage, Alaska. Photographs and other illustrations were obtained, as credited in the Appendix, from individuals and from the files of the State of Alaska, Canadian Forestry Service, the U.S. Forest Service, and other sources as cited. Preface The U.S. Forest Service publication, Identification of Destructive Alaska Forest Insects (91), dealt mainly with the damaging forest insects of Southeastern Alaska. -
Biodiversity and Coarse Woody Debris in Southern Forests Proceedings of the Workshop on Coarse Woody Debris in Southern Forests: Effects on Biodiversity
Biodiversity and Coarse woody Debris in Southern Forests Proceedings of the Workshop on Coarse Woody Debris in Southern Forests: Effects on Biodiversity Athens, GA - October 18-20,1993 Biodiversity and Coarse Woody Debris in Southern Forests Proceedings of the Workhop on Coarse Woody Debris in Southern Forests: Effects on Biodiversity Athens, GA October 18-20,1993 Editors: James W. McMinn, USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, Athens, GA, and D.A. Crossley, Jr., University of Georgia, Athens, GA Sponsored by: U.S. Department of Energy, Savannah River Site, and the USDA Forest Service, Savannah River Forest Station, Biodiversity Program, Aiken, SC Conducted by: USDA Forest Service, Southem Research Station, Asheville, NC, and University of Georgia, Institute of Ecology, Athens, GA Preface James W. McMinn and D. A. Crossley, Jr. Conservation of biodiversity is emerging as a major goal in The effects of CWD on biodiversity depend upon the management of forest ecosystems. The implied harvesting variables, distribution, and dynamics. This objective is the conservation of a full complement of native proceedings addresses the current state of knowledge about species and communities within the forest ecosystem. the influences of CWD on the biodiversity of various Effective implementation of conservation measures will groups of biota. Research priorities are identified for future require a broader knowledge of the dimensions of studies that should provide a basis for the conservation of biodiversity, the contributions of various ecosystem biodiversity when interacting with appropriate management components to those dimensions, and the impact of techniques. management practices. We thank John Blake, USDA Forest Service, Savannah In a workshop held in Athens, GA, October 18-20, 1993, River Forest Station, for encouragement and support we focused on an ecosystem component, coarse woody throughout the workshop process.