DOCSLIB.ORG

Caracterização De Fungos Endofíticos, Germinação E Desenvolvimento Do Protocormo De Pogoniopsis Schenckii Cogn

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Caracterização De Fungos Endofíticos, Germinação E Desenvolvimento Do Protocormo De Pogoniopsis Schenckii Cogn UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS INSTITUTO DE BIOLOGIA LAÍS SOÊMIS SISTI CARACTERIZAÇÃO DE FUNGOS ENDOFÍTICOS, GERMINAÇÃO E DESENVOLVIMENTO DO PROTOCORMO DE POGONIOPSIS SCHENCKII COGN. (ORCHIDACEAE: VANILLOIDEAE) CAMPINAS 2018 LAÍS SOÊMIS SISTI CARACTERIZAÇÃO DE FUNGOS ENDOFÍTICOS, GERMINAÇÃO E DESENVOLVIMENTO DO PROTOCORMO DE POGONIOPSIS SCHENCKII COGN. (ORCHIDACEAE: VANILLOIDEAE) Dissertação apresentada ao Instituto de Biologia da Universidade Estadual de Campinas como parte dos requisitos exigidos para a obtenção do Título de Mestra em Biologia Vegetal. ESTE ARQUIVO DIGITAL CORRESPONDE À VERSÃO FINAL DA DISSERTAÇÃO DEFENDIDA PELA ALUNA LAIS SOÊMIS SISTI E ORIENTADA PELA PROFA. DRA. JULIANA LISCHKA SAMPAIO MAYER. Orientador: Profa. Dra. Juliana Lischka Sampaio Mayer Co-Orientador: Pesquisadora Dra. Maria Letícia Bonatelli CAMPINAS 2018 Campinas, 15/06/2018. COMISSÃO EXAMINADORA Profa. Dra. Juliana Lischka Sampaio Mayer Profa. Dra. Samantha Koehler Profa. Dra. Maria Carolina Quecine Verdi Os membros da Comissão Examinadora acima assinaram a Ata de Defesa, que se encontra no processo de vida acadêmica do aluno. Aos meus pais, Marilene e José Carlos, por sempre me incentivarem a seguir os meus sonhos. AGRADECIMENTOS À Profa. Dra. Juliana Lischka Sampaio Mayer, por ter aceitado me orientar, por me confiar um projeto tão desafiador, por todas as ideias e contribuições para o mesmo e para minha formação acadêmica, por estar sempre presente e pela amizade. À Dra. Maria Letícia Bonatelli, por ter aceitado me co-orientar, por todo o conhecimento e suporte fornecidos, por se colocar sempre à disposição para me ajudar, pelas conversas construtivas e pela amizade. À Profa. Dra. Sara Adrián Lopez de Andrade, pela parceria e contribuição, por proporcionar suporte às análises moleculares e pelas sugestões com o texto. À Profa. Dra. Samantha Koehler, por todo suporte, pelas contribuições e sugestões com o trabalho e com o texto. Aos Professores Dr. Fábio Pinheiro e Dr. João Lúcio de Azevedo, pela contribuição e pelas sugestões e dicas com o texto. Ao Dr. Carlos Eduardo Pereira Nunes, por ter localizado a espécie de estudo e pela ajuda em campo. Ao Sebastião Henrique Militão Jr., Técnico do Laboratório de Anatomia Vegetal da UNICAMP, por toda e qualquer ajuda durante o desenvolvimento desse trabalho. À Denisele Neuza Aline Flores Borges, por toda a ajuda com o trabalho e, em especial, com as análises anatômicas ultraestruturais, pela companhia durante os trabalhos de campo e congressos, por ter sido um exemplo de força e determinação, pelas conversas inspiradoras e pela grande amizade. À Marília Claudiano Tavares, por toda ajuda e apoio, por dividir comigo os desafios da vida na pós-graduação, por todas as conversas profundas, por ser essa pessoa tão especial e por sua linda amizade. Às amigas Larissa Rother e Thaina Lima, pela parceria e companhia, por todas as conversas e risadas e pela amizade. Aos alunos de iniciação, Andressa e Gabriel, por qualquer ajuda, pela companhia e, principalmente, por me proporcionarem a oportunidade de ensiná-los. A todos os amigos e colegas de laboratório e do departamento, por qualquer ajuda, pelo convívio, pelas conversas e, principalmente, por me acolherem com todo carinho e respeito durante esses anos. Ao Laboratório de Anatomia Vegetal da UNICAMP, por me receber, ceder espaço, equipamentos e materiais. Ao Laboratório de Fisiologia Molecular de Plantas (LaFIMP) da UNICAMP e à todos os funcionários e alunos, pelo auxílio e por permitir o uso dos seus equipamentos e reagentes para as análises moleculares. À Microscopia Eletrônica da UNICAMP e aos seus funcionários, pelo auxílio prestado e por possibilitar o processamento e a análise das amostras para anatomia. Ao Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar e a todos os seus funcionários, pelas ajudas em campo e por permitir a coleta do material vegetal e, portanto, o desenvolvimento do presente estudo. Ao Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), pela concessão da bolsa de mestrado e à Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP), pelo financiamento do projeto (Processo: 2015/26479-6). A todos os moradores da república Casa Mil, pelo convívio sempre respeitoso, pelas conversas e por dividirem comigo um segundo lar. Ao meu amor, Leandro Carlos Ribeiro, por acreditar no meu potencial, por estar sempre ao meu lado, por me apoiar minhas escolhas, por sua dedicação e, principalmente, por sua amizade e companheirismo. Aos meus pais, Marilene Ferro e José Carlos Sisti, e aos meus queridos tios, Eunice Sisti e Mário Massoni, agradeço por estarem sempre presentes, por me apoiarem em cada fase da minha vida, pela dedicação e por todo carinho. Nada disso seria possível sem a participação de vocês! RESUMO Microrganismos endofíticos são aqueles que habitam o interior dos órgãos e tecidos de plantas sem causar danos ao hospedeiro. Sua função ainda é pouco conhecida, porém alguns endófitos já foram descritos como produtores de compostos benéficos para a planta, como antibióticos e fatores de crescimento. Os fungos que desenvolvem ao menos um complexo de hifas (pelotons) no interior das células vegetais são denominados de micorrízicos de orquídeas. Em condições naturais, as orquídeas são dependentes de associações micorrízicas durante seus estágios iniciais de desenvolvimento, na qual os fungos fornecem suporte nutricional para o embrião até o estabelecimento da plântula. No entanto, algumas espécies de orquídeas permanecem aclorofiladas, sendo totalmente dependentes de seus parceiros micorrízicos durante todo o seu ciclo de vida. Durante a germinação das sementes de orquídeas ocorre a formação de uma estrutura de formato coniforme, também denominada de protocormo. Pogoniopsis schenckii Cogn. é uma espécie rara, aclorofilada e mico-heterotrófica que se desenvolve sob matéria orgânica em florestas densas. Estudos com a espécie podem ajudar a compreender melhor o estilo de vida mico-heterotrófico, além de poder ser útil para planos de conservação. Os principais objetivos do presente estudo foram descrever a comunidade de fungos endofíticos de diferentes órgãos, avaliar seu papel na germinação e descrever o desenvolvimento do protocormo de P. schenckii. Deste modo, foram isolados os fungos endofíticos presentes nas raízes, haste floral e frutos da espécie e estes foram identificados através de sequenciamento de DNA. Além disso, os fungos isolados foram utilizados em ensaios de germinação simbiótica com as sementes da orquídea e a estrutura dos protocormos foi analisada por meio de diferentes técnicas. Foram identificados cerca de seis gêneros de fungos, todos pertencentes ao filo Ascomycota, e nenhum deles são conhecidos como micorrízicos. No entanto, alguns isolados dos gêneros Trichoderma, Fusarium e, especialmente, Clonostachys demonstraram potencial germinativo das sementes de P. schenckii, proporcionando o rompimento do tegumento externo das sementes aos 20 dias do início dos testes. Os protocormos analisados em microscopia eletrônica de transmissão não apresentaram formação de pelotons, mas hifas fúngicas foram observadas ocupando o interior das células vivas. Este é o primeiro relato da germinação de uma espécie de orquídea mico-heterotrófica e aclorofilada sendo estimulada pela presença de fungos endofíticos não micorrízicos isolados de raiz e de fruto. Palavras-chave: fungos endofíticos, germinação simbiótica, planta mico- heterotrófica, protocormo, Orchidaceae. ABSTRACT Endophytic microorganisms are those that inhabit the interior organs and tissues of plants without causing damage to the host. Its role is still poorly understood, but some endophytes have been described as producing beneficial compounds for the plant, such as antibiotics and growth factors. Fungi that develop at least a complex of hyphae (pelotons) within plant cells are called mycorrhizal orchids. Under natural conditions, orchids are dependent on mycorrhizal associations during their early stages of development, in which fungi provide nutritional support to the embryo until the establishment of the seedling. However, some species of orchids remain achlorophyllous, being totally dependent on their mycorrhizal partners throughout their life cycle. During the germination of orchid seeds the formation of a coniform structure, also called protocorm, takes place. Pogoniopsis schenckii Cogn. Is a rare, achlorophyllous and myco-heterotrophic specie that grows under organic matter in dense forests. Studies with the species may help to better understand the myco- heterotrophic lifestyle, and may be useful for conservation plans. The main objectives of the present study were to describe the community of endophytic fungi present in different organs, to evaluate their role in germination and to describe the development of protocorm of P. schenckii. In this way, the endophytic fungi present in the roots, floral stem and fruits of the specie were isolated and these were identified through DNA sequencing. In addition, the isolated fungi were used in trials of symbiotic germination with the orchid seeds and the protocormos structure was analyzed by different techniques. About six genera of fungi, all belonging to the Ascomycota phylum, have been identified, and none of them are known as mycorrhizal fungi. However, some isolates of the genera Trichoderma, Fusarium and, especially, Clonostachys demonstrated germination potential of P. schenckii seeds, providing rupture of the outer seed coat 20 days after the beginning of the tests. The protocorms analyzed in transmission
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Guide to the Flora of the Carolinas, Virginia, and Georgia, Working Draft of 17 March 2004 -- LILIACEAE
    Guide to the Flora of the Carolinas, Virginia, and Georgia, Working Draft of 17 March 2004 -- LILIACEAE LILIACEAE de Jussieu 1789 (Lily Family) (also see AGAVACEAE, ALLIACEAE, ALSTROEMERIACEAE, AMARYLLIDACEAE, ASPARAGACEAE, COLCHICACEAE, HEMEROCALLIDACEAE, HOSTACEAE, HYACINTHACEAE, HYPOXIDACEAE, MELANTHIACEAE, NARTHECIACEAE, RUSCACEAE, SMILACACEAE, THEMIDACEAE, TOFIELDIACEAE) As here interpreted narrowly, the Liliaceae constitutes about 11 genera and 550 species, of the Northern Hemisphere. There has been much recent investigation and re-interpretation of evidence regarding the upper-level taxonomy of the Liliales, with strong suggestions that the broad Liliaceae recognized by Cronquist (1981) is artificial and polyphyletic. Cronquist (1993) himself concurs, at least to a degree: "we still await a comprehensive reorganization of the lilies into several families more comparable to other recognized families of angiosperms." Dahlgren & Clifford (1982) and Dahlgren, Clifford, & Yeo (1985) synthesized an early phase in the modern revolution of monocot taxonomy. Since then, additional research, especially molecular (Duvall et al. 1993, Chase et al. 1993, Bogler & Simpson 1995, and many others), has strongly validated the general lines (and many details) of Dahlgren's arrangement. The most recent synthesis (Kubitzki 1998a) is followed as the basis for familial and generic taxonomy of the lilies and their relatives (see summary below). References: Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (1998, 2003); Tamura in Kubitzki (1998a). Our “liliaceous” genera (members of orders placed in the Lilianae) are therefore divided as shown below, largely following Kubitzki (1998a) and some more recent molecular analyses. ALISMATALES TOFIELDIACEAE: Pleea, Tofieldia. LILIALES ALSTROEMERIACEAE: Alstroemeria COLCHICACEAE: Colchicum, Uvularia. LILIACEAE: Clintonia, Erythronium, Lilium, Medeola, Prosartes, Streptopus, Tricyrtis, Tulipa. MELANTHIACEAE: Amianthium, Anticlea, Chamaelirium, Helonias, Melanthium, Schoenocaulon, Stenanthium, Veratrum, Toxicoscordion, Trillium, Xerophyllum, Zigadenus.
    [Show full text]
  • NOPES Newsletter 5 20
    Newsletter of the Native Orchid Preservation and Education Society nativeorchidpreservationeducationsociety.com May 2020 Letter from the President Hello everyone, We were finally able to have an orchid hike. Ten of us met at Shawnee Backpacking Trail. Maintaining social distancing and wearing our masks, we were able to find Cypripedium acaule, the Pink Lady's-Slipper, Galearis spectabilis, the Showy Orchis blooming and Cypripedium parviflorum var. pubescens the Large Yellow Lady's-Slipper in bud. We will be organizing other hikes in the future and Jeanne is working on Zoom meetings for us. Check website for updates. Hope to see everyone soon! Galearis spectabilis, Teresa Huesman Showy Orchis, Shawnee State Forest In Bloom in May and June in Ohio and Kentucky Corallorhiza wisteriana Galearis spectabilis Cypripedium acaule Cypripedium kentuckiense Aplectrum hyemale Putty Cleistes bifaria Wister's Coral-Root Showy Orchid Pink Lady’s-Slipper Southern Lady’s Slipper Root Spreading Pogonia Cypripedium candidum Platanthera leucophaea Isotria verticillata Large Cypripedium parviflorum Pogonia ophioglossoides Neottia cordata Heart- Small White Lady’s- Eastern Prairie Fringed Whorled Pogonia var. pubescens Large Rose Pogonia Leaved Twayblade Slipper Orchid Yellow Lady’s-Slipper Liparis loeselii Platanthera lacera Liparis liliifolia Cypripedium reginae Spiranthes lucida Shining Calopogon tuberosus Loesel's Twayblade Ragged Fringed Orchid Large Twayblade Showy Lady’s-Slipper Ladies'-Tresses Grass Pink 1 Shawnee State Park Field Trip – May 2, 2020 - Jan Yates The more I’ve hiked Shawnee State Forest, the more it seems like we orchid enthusiasts have a code that would baffle many people. Mention to a colleague that you’re hiking Shawnee and they’ll ask ‘3 and 6?’ or ‘1 and 2?’ For other friends who are regular hikers/outdoors people/gardeners, I find myself explaining that these are the forest roads so rich in native orchids that you can virtually step out of the car and find them on the roadside.
    [Show full text]
  • Herbarium-Based Studies on Taxonomy, Biogeography and Ecology of Psilochilus (Orchidaceae)
    Herbarium-based studies on taxonomy, biogeography and ecology of Psilochilus (Orchidaceae) Marta Kolanowska1,2, Aleksandra M. Naczk3 and Radomir Jasku1a4 1 Department of Plant Taxonomy and Nature Conservation/Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland 2 Department of Biodiversity Research, Global Change Research Institute AS CR, Brno, Czech Republic 3 Department of Molecular Evolution, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland 4 Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, University of Lodz, qo´dz´, Poland ABSTRACT Background: Psilochilus is a poorly studied orchid genus distributed from southern Mexico to south-eastern Brazil. A taxonomic revision of this Neotropical endemic based on morphological data is presented. Material and Methods: Over 170 dried herbarium specimens and flowers preserved in liquid of Psilochilus were analyzed. Morphological variation among examined taxa was described based on multivariate analysis. To evaluate the similarity between niches occupied by various Psilochilus species ecological niche modeling (ENM) was applied. Species richness and the distribution patterns of Psilochilus representatives were analyzed based on squares of 5 latitude and longitude while similarities among floras between biogeographical units were measured using the Bray-Curtis index for presence/absence data. Results and Discussion: A new species of the P. physurifolius-complex is described based on Central American material. Psilochilus crenatifolius is reduced to the rank of variety as P. macrophyllus var. crenatifolius. A key to 18 accepted Psilochilus species is provided. The illustrations of perianth segments of all recognized taxa are presented. The climatic niches preferred by the particular Psilochilus representatives are well Submitted 20 May 2016 Accepted 23 September 2016 separated based on ecological niche modeling analysis.
    [Show full text]
  • Orchid Historical Biogeography, Diversification, Antarctica and The
    Journal of Biogeography (J. Biogeogr.) (2016) ORIGINAL Orchid historical biogeography, ARTICLE diversification, Antarctica and the paradox of orchid dispersal Thomas J. Givnish1*, Daniel Spalink1, Mercedes Ames1, Stephanie P. Lyon1, Steven J. Hunter1, Alejandro Zuluaga1,2, Alfonso Doucette1, Giovanny Giraldo Caro1, James McDaniel1, Mark A. Clements3, Mary T. K. Arroyo4, Lorena Endara5, Ricardo Kriebel1, Norris H. Williams5 and Kenneth M. Cameron1 1Department of Botany, University of ABSTRACT Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, Aim Orchidaceae is the most species-rich angiosperm family and has one of USA, 2Departamento de Biologıa, the broadest distributions. Until now, the lack of a well-resolved phylogeny has Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia, 3Centre for Australian National Biodiversity prevented analyses of orchid historical biogeography. In this study, we use such Research, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia, a phylogeny to estimate the geographical spread of orchids, evaluate the impor- 4Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, tance of different regions in their diversification and assess the role of long-dis- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, tance dispersal (LDD) in generating orchid diversity. 5 Santiago, Chile, Department of Biology, Location Global. University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA Methods Analyses use a phylogeny including species representing all five orchid subfamilies and almost all tribes and subtribes, calibrated against 17 angiosperm fossils. We estimated historical biogeography and assessed the
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogeny, Character Evolution and the Systematics of Psilochilus (Triphoreae)
    THE PRIMITIVE EPIDENDROIDEAE (ORCHIDACEAE): PHYLOGENY, CHARACTER EVOLUTION AND THE SYSTEMATICS OF PSILOCHILUS (TRIPHOREAE) A Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for The Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of the Ohio State University By Erik Paul Rothacker, M.Sc. ***** The Ohio State University 2007 Doctoral Dissertation Committee: Approved by Dr. John V. Freudenstein, Adviser Dr. John Wenzel ________________________________ Dr. Andrea Wolfe Adviser Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology Graduate Program COPYRIGHT ERIK PAUL ROTHACKER 2007 ABSTRACT Considering the significance of the basal Epidendroideae in understanding patterns of morphological evolution within the subfamily, it is surprising that no fully resolved hypothesis of historical relationships has been presented for these orchids. This is the first study to improve both taxon and character sampling. The phylogenetic study of the basal Epidendroideae consisted of two components, molecular and morphological. A molecular phylogeny using three loci representing each of the plant genomes including gap characters is presented for the basal Epidendroideae. Here we find Neottieae sister to Palmorchis at the base of the Epidendroideae, followed by Triphoreae. Tropidieae and Sobralieae form a clade, however the relationship between these, Nervilieae and the advanced Epidendroids has not been resolved. A morphological matrix of 40 taxa and 30 characters was constructed and a phylogenetic analysis was performed. The results support many of the traditional views of tribal composition, but do not fully resolve relationships among many of the tribes. A robust hypothesis of relationships is presented based on the results of a total evidence analysis using three molecular loci, gap characters and morphology. Palmorchis is placed at the base of the tree, sister to Neottieae, followed successively by Triphoreae sister to Epipogium, then Sobralieae.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogeny of South American Pogonieae (Orchidaceae
    ARTICLE IN PRESS Organisms, Diversity & Evolution 8 (2008) 171–181 www.elsevier.de/ode Phylogeny of South American Pogonieae (Orchidaceae, Vanilloideae) based on sequences of nuclear ribosomal (ITS) and chloroplast ( psaB, rbcL, rps16, and trnL-F ) DNA, with emphasis on Cleistes and discussion of biogeographic implications Emerson R. Pansarina,Ã, Antonio Salatinob, Maria L.F. Salatinob aDepartamento de Botaˆnica, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Caixa Postal 6109, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil bDepartamento de Botaˆnica, Instituto de Biocieˆncias, Universidade de Sa˜o Paulo (USP), Rua do Mata˜o, 277, Caixa Postal 11461, 05422-970 Sa˜o Paulo, SP, Brazil Received 1 June 2007; accepted 12 September 2007 Abstract Tribe Pogonieae (Orchidaceae), as currently known, comprises five genera distributed from South to North America and Eastern Asia. Phylogenetic inferences within Cleistes and among genera of tribe Pogonieae were made based on nrDNA (ITS) and cpDNA (trnL-F, rps16, rbcL,andpsaB) sequence data and maximum parsimony. Eighteen species of Cleistes, members of all other genera of Pogonieae, and outgroups were sampled. Analyses based on individual DNA regions provided similar topologies. All evidence indicates that Cleistes is paraphyletic. The North American C. divaricata and C. bifaria are more closely related to the temperate genera Isotria and Pogonia than to their Central and South American congeners, the latter constituting a monophyletic group characterized by the production of nectar as reward, tuberous roots, and their distribution in Central and South America. The Amazonian Duckeella is sister to the remainder of Pogonieae. Taxonomic and biogeographic implications are discussed, and morphological synapomorphies are given for clades obtained in the inferred molecular phylogeny.
    [Show full text]
  • Reproductive Development and Genetic Structure of the Mycoheterotrophic Orchid Pogoniopsis Schenckii Cogn
    Alves et al. BMC Plant Biol (2021) 21:332 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-021-03118-y RESEARCH Open Access Reproductive development and genetic structure of the mycoheterotrophic orchid Pogoniopsis schenckii Cogn. Mariana Ferreira Alves1*, Fabio Pinheiro1, Carlos Eduardo Pereira Nunes1, Francisco Prosdocimi2, Deise Schroder Sarzi2, Carolina Furtado3 and Juliana Lischka Sampaio Mayer1 Abstract Background: Pogoniopsis schenckii Cogn. is a mycoheterotrophic orchid that can be used as a model to understand the infuence of mycoheterotrophy at diferent stages of the reproductive cycle. We aimed to verify the presence of endophytic and epiphytic fungi at each stage of the reproductive process and investigated how the breeding system may relate to genetic structure and diversity of populations. In this study we performed anatomical and ultrastruc- tural analyses of the reproductive organs, feld tests to confrm the breeding system, and molecular analysis to assess genetic diversity and structure of populations. Results: During the development of the pollen grain, embryo sac and embryogenesis, no fungal infestation was observed. The presence of endophytic fungal hyphae was observed just within foral stems and indehiscent fruit. Beyond assuring the presence of fungus that promote seed germination, specifc fungi hyphae in the fruit may afect other process, such as fruit ripening. As other mycoheterotrophic orchids, P. schenckii is autogamous, which may explain the low genetic diversity and high genetic structure in populations. Conclusions: We discuss an interesting interaction: fungal hyphae in the indehiscent fruit. These fungal hyphae seem to play diferent roles inside fruit tissues, such as acting in the fruit maturation process and increasing the prox- imity between fungi and plant seeds even before dispersion occurs.
    [Show full text]
  • Redalyc.AN UPDATED CHECKLIST of the ORCHIDACEAE OF
    Lankesteriana International Journal on Orchidology ISSN: 1409-3871 [email protected] Universidad de Costa Rica Costa Rica Bogarín, Diego; Serracín, Zuleika; Samudio, Zabdy; Rincón, Rafael; Pupulin, Franco AN UPDATED CHECKLIST OF THE ORCHIDACEAE OF PANAMA Lankesteriana International Journal on Orchidology, vol. 14, núm. 3, diciembre, 2014, pp. 135-364 Universidad de Costa Rica Cartago, Costa Rica Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=44339829001 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative LANKESTERIANA 14(1): 135—364. 2014. AN UPDATED CHECKLIST OF THE ORCHIDACEAE OF PANAMA DIEGO BOGARÍN1,2,4, ZULEIKA SERRACÍN2, ZABDY SAMUDIO2, RAFAEL RINCÓN2 & FRANCO PUPULIN1,3 1 Jardín Botánico Lankester, Universidad de Costa Rica. P.O. Box 302-7050 Cartago, Costa Rica, A.C. 2 Herbario UCH, Universidad Autónoma de Chiriquí, 0427, David, Chiriquí, Panama 3 Harvard University Herbaria, 22 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.A.; Marie Selby Botanical Gardens, Sarasota, FL, U.S.A. 4 Author for correspondence: [email protected] AbstRACT. The Orchidaceae is one of the most diverse vascular plant families in the Neotropics and the most diverse in Panama. The number of species is triple that of other well-represented families of angiosperms such as Rubiaceae, Fabaceae and Poaceae. Despite its importance in terms of diversity, the latest checklist was published ten years ago and the latest in-depth taxonomic treatments were published in 1949 and 1993.
    [Show full text]
  • NORTH AMERICAN NATIVE ORCHID JOURNAL Volume 15(1) 2009
    NORTH AMERICAN NATIVE ORCHID JOURNAL Volume 15(1) 2009 IN THIS ISSUE: A FAMILY ORCHID VACATION TO THE GREAT LAKES REGION AND POINTS BEYOND MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION IN HABENARIA MACROCERATITIS PLATANTHERA HYBRIDS FROM WESTERN NORTH AMERICA TWO NEW FORMS OF THE FLORIDA ADDER’S-MOUTH A NEW GENUS FOR THE NORTH AMERICAN CLEISTES NEW COMBINATIONS AND A NEW SPECIES IN CLEISTESIOPSIS and more…………. The North American Native Orchid Journal (ISSN 1084-7332) is a publication devoted to promoting interest and knowledge of the native orchids of North America. A limited number of the print version of each issue of the Journal are available upon request and electronic versions are available to all interested persons or institutions free of charge. The Journal welcomes articles of any nature that deal with native or introduced orchids that are found growing wild in North America, primarily north of Mexico, although articles of general interest concerning Mexican species will always be welcome. NORTH AMERICAN NATIVE ORCHID JOURNAL Volume 15 (1) 2009 CONTENTS NOTES FROM THE EDITOR 1 A FAMILY ORCHID VACATION TO THE GREAT LAKES REGION AND POINTS BEYOND TOM NELSON 2 MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION IN HABENARIA MACROCERATITIS SCOTT L. STEWART, PHD. 36 NEW TAXA& COMBINATIONS P.M. BROWN FOUR NEW PLATANTHERA HYBRIDS FROM WESTERN NORTH AMERICA 40 TWO NEW FORMS OF THE FLORIDA ADDER’S-MOUTH, MALAXIS SPICATA 43 A WHITE/GREEN FORM OF THE GENTIAN NODDINGCAPS, TRIPHORA GENTIANOIDES 45 WHAT I DID ON MY SUMMER VACATION THE SLOW EMPIRICIST 46 A NEW GENUS FOR THE NORTH AMERICAN CLEISTES E. PANSARIN ET AL. 50 NEW COMBINATIONS AND A NEW SPECIES IN CLEISTESIOPSIS P.M.
    [Show full text]
  • Occurrence of Crassulacean Acid Metabolism in Colombian Orchids
    applyparastyle “fig//caption/p[1]” parastyle “FigCapt” Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2020, XX, 1–47. With 4 figures. Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/botlinnean/article-abstract/doi/10.1093/botlinnean/boaa027/5868749 by University of California, Riverside user on 08 July 2020 Occurrence of crassulacean acid metabolism in Colombian orchids determined by leaf carbon isotope ratios Keywords=Keywords=Keywords_First=Keywords 1, , 1,2 2,3 HeadA=HeadB=HeadA=HeadB/HeadA GERMÁN TORRES-MORALES * , ELOISA LASSO , KATIA SILVERA , 2 2 HeadB=HeadC=HeadB=HeadC/HeadB BENJAMIN L. TURNER and KLAUS WINTER HeadC=HeadD=HeadC=HeadD/HeadC 1Department of Biological Sciences, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia Extract3=HeadA=Extract1=HeadA 2Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancón, Republic of Panama REV_HeadA=REV_HeadB=REV_HeadA=REV_HeadB/HeadA 3Department of Botany & Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA REV_HeadB=REV_HeadC=REV_HeadB=REV_HeadC/HeadB Received 19 July 2019; revised 22 November 2019; accepted for publication 29 March 2020 REV_HeadC=REV_HeadD=REV_HeadC=REV_HeadD/HeadC REV_Extract3=REV_HeadA=REV_Extract1=REV_HeadA BOR_HeadA=BOR_HeadB=BOR_HeadA=BOR_HeadB/HeadA Many Orchidaceae, especially those occupying periodically dry, epiphytic microhabitats in the humid tropics, are BOR_HeadB=BOR_HeadC=BOR_HeadB=BOR_HeadC/HeadB believed to engage in the water-conserving crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) photosynthetic pathway. However, BOR_HeadC=BOR_HeadD=BOR_HeadC=BOR_HeadD/HeadC the photosynthetic pathway has been studied in only c. 5% of all orchid species. Here we extend the survey to 1079 orchid species, mainly from Colombia, by assessing the presence of CAM based on the carbon isotopic signature BOR_Extract3=BOR_HeadA=BOR_Extract1=BOR_HeadA (δ 13C values) of herbarium specimens. Ninety-six species, representing 8.9% of those analysed, had δ 13C values less EDI_HeadA=EDI_HeadB=EDI_HeadA=EDI_HeadB/HeadA negative than −20‰, indicating CAM.
    [Show full text]
  • New Species Discoveries in the Amazon 2014-15
    WORKINGWORKING TOGETHERTOGETHER TO TO SHARE SCIENTIFICSCIENTIFIC DISCOVERIESDISCOVERIES UPDATE AND COMPILATION OF THE LIST UNTOLD TREASURES: NEW SPECIES DISCOVERIES IN THE AMAZON 2014-15 WWF is one of the world’s largest and most experienced independent conservation organisations, WWF Living Amazon Initiative Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável with over five million supporters and a global network active in more than 100 countries. WWF’s Mamirauá (Mamirauá Institute of Leader mission is to stop the degradation of the planet’s natural environment and to build a future Sustainable Development) Sandra Charity in which humans live in harmony with nature, by conserving the world’s biological diversity, General director ensuring that the use of renewable natural resources is sustainable, and promoting the reduction Communication coordinator Helder Lima de Queiroz of pollution and wasteful consumption. Denise Oliveira Administrative director Consultant in communication WWF-Brazil is a Brazilian NGO, part of an international network, and committed to the Joyce de Souza conservation of nature within a Brazilian social and economic context, seeking to strengthen Mariana Gutiérrez the environmental movement and to engage society in nature conservation. In August 2016, the Technical scientific director organization celebrated 20 years of conservation work in the country. WWF Amazon regional coordination João Valsecchi do Amaral Management and development director The Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá (IDSM – Mamirauá Coordinator Isabel Soares de Sousa Institute for Sustainable Development) was established in April 1999. It is a civil society Tarsicio Granizo organization that is supported and supervised by the Ministry of Science, Technology, Innovation, and Communications, and is one of Brazil’s major research centres.
    [Show full text]
  • In Vitro Symbiotic Germination: a Revitalized Heuristic Approach for Orchid Species Conservation
    plants Review In Vitro Symbiotic Germination: A Revitalized Heuristic Approach for Orchid Species Conservation Galih Chersy Pujasatria 1 , Chihiro Miura 2 and Hironori Kaminaka 2,* 1 Department of Agricultural Science, Graduate School of Sustainable Science, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan; [email protected] 2 Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama Minami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +81-857-315-378 Received: 16 November 2020; Accepted: 8 December 2020; Published: 9 December 2020 Abstract: As one of the largest families of flowering plants, Orchidaceae is well-known for its high diversity and complex life cycles. Interestingly, such exquisite plants originate from minute seeds, going through challenges to germinate and establish in nature. Alternatively, orchid utilization as an economically important plant gradually decreases its natural population, therefore, driving the need for conservation. As with any conservation attempts, broad knowledge is required, including the species’ interaction with other organisms. All orchids establish mycorrhizal symbiosis with certain lineages of fungi to germinate naturally. Since the whole in situ study is considerably complex, in vitro symbiotic germination study is a promising alternative. It serves as a tool for extensive studies at morphophysiological and molecular levels. In addition, it provides insights before reintroduction into its natural habitat. Here we reviewed how mycorrhiza contributes to orchid lifecycles, methods to conduct in vitro study, and how it can be utilized for conservation needs. Keywords: conservation; in vitro; mycorrhizal fungus; mycorrhizal symbiosis; orchid; seed germination 1. Introduction Orchidaceae is one of the biggest families of angiosperms with more than 17,000–35,000 members [1–3], including the famous Phalaenopsis, Dendrobium, and Cattleya.
    [Show full text]