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Geological Map of Athens Metropolitan Area

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470.000 475.000 480.000 485.000 Geological Map of Athens Metropolitan Area A compilation map based on: 500 a. Geological Map of Greece 1:50.000 of H.S.G.M.E., Athinai - Piraiefs Sheet (Gaitanakis, 1982), Athinai - Elefsis Sheet 35 (Katsikatsos et al., 1986), Kifissia Sheet (Katsikatsos, 2002) and Koropi - Plaka Sheet (Latsoudas, 2003) 300 400 b. Geological Tectonic Map of Athens Basin, in: Geological - geotechnical study of the Athens basin Pl-Pt (Papanikolaou et al., 2002) 20 c. Geological map of Hymettus by Coleman et al. (2020). d. Ground investigation data of ATTIKO METRO S.A. Supplementary map to the paper: Kifissos r. Ekali Boronkay, K., Stoumpos, G., Benissi, M., Rovolis, G., Korkaris, K., Papastamatiou, D., Dimitriou, G., Chrysikopoulou, A., Miliotis, I., Giakoumis, A., Novack, M. and Marinos, P. (2021), Geological Map 40 of Athens Metropolitan Area, Attica (Greece): A review based on Athens Metro ground A investigation data. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece, 57, 68-126. A Nea Erythrea 600 The topographic base map originates from Hellenic Statistical Authority. Greek grid 200 (ΕΓΣΑ87) coordinates. 700 Coastline and contours from ATTIKO METRO S.A. 400 Chelodonou t. Scale: 1:25.000 500 A 0 500 1.000 2.000 m A Q.al Politia Contour interval 20 m 15 400 Pl-Pt 4.215.000 4.215.000 Ano Liosia 25 10 15 Acharnes 10 25 20 300 Kefalari Pl-Pt Q.al Kokkinaras t. P e n t l i k o m A UM Kifissia UM 35 Lykovryssi A UM A UA Kamatero 100 25 A Metamorphosi Melissia UA UM Maroussi 400 A UM 300 UA Iraklio 30 35 SM Paradissos Pl-Pt Pl-Pt Nea Ionia SM Vathyrema t. Pl-Pt Diilistiria Petroupoli Ano Vrilissia 25 UM SM P i k i l o m t 4.210.000 4.210.000 UM CL 20 UM Podoniftis t. Pl-Pt Nea Philadelphia Aghii Anargyri Vrilissia Podoniftis t. Aghios Ierotheos Ilion Perissos CL 300 200 Nea Chalkidona Chalandri t. UA CL CL Q.al UM Anthoupoli Pl-Pt Filothei CL Chalandri Gerakas CL Filothei t. SM Dassos UA Patissia Pl-Pt UM Dafni 100 Pl-Pt A 100 200 Galatsi Attica-Evia Fault Aghia Paraskevi CL CL Psychiko ? UA Peristeri 48 UM 80 48 UM 64 CL UA CL 50 Tourkovounia Chaidari UA 36 CL Sepolia 50 58 A Pl-Pt CL CL 72 49 Cholargos Attiko Alsos 66 Neo Psychiko 30 37 A 30 35 Kifissos r. Kypseli 58 UA UA A Kolonos 400 E g a l e o m t UA UA 57 UM Akadimia Platonos Pl-Pt 20 200 UM 4.205.000 52 Egaleo 4.205.000 300 30 UA 36 UA Kyklovoros t. Aghia Varvara Strefi h. 200 Ambelokipi SM Papagou UM Pl-Pt 35 Exarchia CL Goudi Metaxourgio Lycabettus 35 85 UA SM Pl-Pt Votanikos CL Korydallos Athens CL67 Pl-Pt Neapoli 40 35 Rouf CL 30 Keramikos UA Kolonaki UA Zografou 200 25 LA 30 70 25 Pl-Pt CL 300 400 100 30 80 Q.al UA UA 500 Legend Kifissos r. 28 Acropolis Pagrati 600 Eridanos t. Nikea 35 32 CL SM Ilissos r. Symbols Amfiali Tourkovouni h. UA Q.al 40 58 52 Panepistimioupoli Filopappou Ardettus 58 Bedding (or foliation) and dip Q.al LA 50 85 Ilissos r. Tavros 85 63 Koukaki Kessariani 52 Aghios Ioannis Rentis Pl-Pt 55 UA 75 Fold axis: anticline / syncline 36 65 A 25 32 63 UA 51 84 33 Kokkinia 42 54 Normal, oblique normal fault (certain / probable) Keratsini Karavas52 h. 26 Detachment (certain / probable) 30 CL 10 Vyronas 50 38 Pl-Pt Neos Kosmos 40 Thrust / décollement (certain / probable) Tambouria Kaminia 35 Attica-Evia Fault (certain / probable) CL H y m e t t u s m t Kalithea LPl UA River 24 Q.al Torrent CL 50 A l i p Moschato UA Daphni Artificially by-passed drainage axis A e LPl Kareas 21 LPl d 4.200.000 Q.m 4.200.000 o Q.al A 40 n Stratigraphy A UA 17 Piraeus HOLOCENE Nea Smyrni Anthropogenic deposits: mainly coarse-grained soils from quarries, deposited excavation materials etc. A A Kastella h. QUATERNARY (undifferentiated) Q.al Alluvium: loose, brown, sandy - clayey soils with sparse gravel. 10 UA Pl-Pt Q.m Marsh deposits: soft, grey to dark grey, clay and loose silty fine sand. Amfithea Pl-Pt Coastal deposits: grey, silty sand, locally with conglomerate and grit (beach rock), with abundant marine fossils (mainly Lamellibranch and secondarily Gasteropods). 25 16 Ilioupoli Q.al PLIOCENE - PLEISTOCENE 40 700 Fluvio-terrestrial deposits: red clay and silt, alternating with clayey gravel. LPl Pl-Pt LPl 45 LPl Alluvial fan: red conglomerate, with cobbles and boulders near the source area, with intercalations of red claystone and siltstone. 10 Aghios Dimitrios 12 45 LOWER PLIOCENE Piraeus marl: thinly bedded, light grey, marly limestone and marl with sandstone and siltstone intercalations. At the base, calcareous conglomerate with sandstone LPl LPl and sandy marl alternations. The formation is rich in marine fossils (mainly Lamellibranch and secondarily Gasteropods, Charalambakis, 1951). 12 24 Paleo Faliro Pikrodafni t. UPPER MIOCENE Lacustrine deposits: light yellow marl (approx. 40 m thick) that transition at depth to grey, calcareous siltstone. Several lignite intercalations -sometimes reaching 25 100 UM 24 LPl thickness of a few meters- are found within the lower siltstone formation. LPl LPl P E L A G O N I A N Athens Unit 10 Pl-Pt UPPER CRETACEOUS Q.al Crest Limestone: massive, grey to white, locally intraclastic and karstic, limestone, with fragments and complete sections of Rudists, fragments of Corals and Echinoderms, Argyroupoli CL Gasteropods, Crustaceans, Shellfish, microfossils etc 1 (Cenomanian to Turonian and Upper Senonian) (Marinos et al., 1971). Athens Sandstone-Marl Series: thinly bedded, grey or brownish-yellow, locally karstic, marly limestone and reddish-brown, often calcareous sandstone alternations, with SM grey, calcareous conglomerate, thinly bedded, greyish-white, locally intraclastic limestone, various coloured claystone and rarely siltstone intercalations. Limestone within Athens Sandstone-Marl Series: grey, thin-bedded, locally karstic limestone, marly limestone. Upper Athens Schist: alternations of greyish-green metasandstone and brownish-green metasiltstone with local intercalations of crystalline limestone, phyllite, schist 25 CL UA (calcareous / sericitic / epidote-chlorite), with frequent lenses and thin veins of quartz, with veinlets of calcite and locally altered, with impregnations of oxides. Limestone within Upper Athens Schist: grey, massive, locally karstic, limestone or crystalline limestone. Alimos 35 Lower Athens Schist: alternations of grey to dark grey metasiltstone, often calcareous, metasandstone and black clayey shale, with local intercalations of thin talc 12 LA schist. S a r o n i c g u l f CL 1 Fossils found within all limestone formations of Athens Unit. UPPER CRETACEOUS UA Limestone: medium bedded to massive, grey or brownish grey when ferrous, crystalline, locally karstic limestone, with fragments and complete sections of Rudists, fragments of Corals and Echinoderms, Gasteropods, Crustaceans, Shellfish, microfossils etc (Cenomanian to Turonian and Upper Senonian) (Marinos et al., 1971). TRIASSIC Limestone: light to dark grey, biomicritic, thick-bedded to massive, locally karstic limestone. Dolomite and dolomitic limestone are also encountered. UPPER PALEOZOIC 4.195.000 UA Shale and sandstone: grey, greenish grey, redish, sericitic, intercalated with quartz conglomerate. The upper members exhibit limestone intercalations. 4.195.000 A T T I C - C Y C L A D I C C O M P L E X Alepovouni Unit MESOZOIC (?) 20 LPl Alepovouni Marble: thick bedded to massive, pink or geyish-white, fine-crystalline, often ankeritic, locally dolomitic, locally karstic, marble. The formation is severely fractured with dense secondary calcite and Fe-oxide veins. A Alepovouni Phyllite: brown, phyllite (mineral assemblege: calcite + sericite + chlorite + white mica + quartz + plagioclase ± tourmaline ± epidote, Coleman et al., LPl Aghios Kosmas 2020), often calcareous, with beds of thin bedded, ankeritic, silicified, marble, quartz lenses and greenstone. Severely fractured formation. Basal Unit Pl-Pt UPPER PALEOZOIC - MESOZOIC Kessariani Marble: white, calcite marble. Kessariani Schist: calcite-chlorite-graphite-quartz-white mica ± feldspar ± chloritoid schist (metasedimentary) and epidote-chlorite-graphite-albite-white mica ± feldspar schist (metavolcanic) with white marble intercalations (mineral assemblages by Coleman et al., 2020). Kessariani Dolomite: dolomitic marble. Lower Marble: calcite marble. Pirnari Marble: medium to dark grey, variably carbonaceous, dolomitic marble. A U L T R A - B A S I C and B A S I C R O C K S (in all units) Elliniko Serpentinite: dark green, frequently severely altered, serpentinite, locally with intercalations of crimson mudstone. At Vyronas and Ano Ilioupoli districts, at the contact with Alepovouni Marble, they alter due to metasomatism to rusty-orange listwanite. Ultra-basic and basic magmatic rocks are found at the base of Athens Schist, at the contacts of Alepovouni Unit, as well as within Kessariani Schist. Within Athens Schist, altered spillitic rocks and diabase are encountered (mineral assemblage: secondary calcite + chlorite + epidote + green hornblende + quartz ± magnetite ± leucoxene, Marinos et al., 1971). 470.000 475.000 480.000 485.000.
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    TOUR OF ATHENS, stage 10 FROM OMONIA SQUARE TO KYPSELI Tour of Athens, Stage 10: Papadiamantis Square), former- umental staircases lead to the 107. Bell-shaped FROM MONIA QUARE ly a garden city (with villas, Ionian style four-column propy- idol with O S two-storey blocks of flats, laea of the ground floor, a copy movable legs TO K YPSELI densely vegetated) devel- of the northern hall of the from Thebes, oped in the 1920’s - the Erechteion ( page 13). Boeotia (early 7th century suburban style has been B.C.), a model preserved notwithstanding 1.2 ¢ “Acropol Palace” of the mascot of subsequent development. Hotel (1925-1926) the Athens 2004 Olympic Games A five-story building (In the photo designed by the archi- THE SIGHTS: an exact copy tect I. Mayiasis, the of the idol. You may purchase 1.1 ¢Polytechnic Acropol Palace is a dis- tinctive example of one at the shops School (National Athens Art Nouveau ar- of the Metsovio Polytechnic) Archaeological chitecture. Designed by the ar- Resources Fund – T.A.P.). chitect L. Kaftan - 1.3 tzoglou, the ¢Tositsa Str Polytechnic was built A wide pedestrian zone, from 1861-1876. It is an flanked by the National archetype of the urban tra- Metsovio Polytechnic dition of Athens. It compris- and the garden of the 72 es of a central building and T- National Archaeological 73 shaped wings facing Patision Museum, with a row of trees in Str. It has two floors and the the middle, Tositsa Str is a development, entrance is elevated. Two mon- place to relax and stroll.
  • The Athens Earthquake (7 September 1999): Intensity Distribution and Controlling Factors

    The Athens Earthquake (7 September 1999): Intensity Distribution and Controlling Factors

    Engineering Geology 59 (2001) 297±311 www.elsevier.nl/locate/enggeo The Athens earthquake (7 September 1999): intensity distribution and controlling factors E. Lekkas* Department of Geology, University of Athens, Panepistimioupoli Zografou, 15784 Athens, Greece Received 20 June 2000; accepted for publication 14 December 2000 Abstract The Athens earthquake, Ms 5:9, that occurred on 7th September 1999 with epicenter located at the southern ¯ank of Mount Parnitha (Greece, Attiki) according to instrumental data, is attributed to the reactivation of an ESE±WNW south- dipping fault without sur®cial expression. The earthquake caused a large number of casualties and extensive damage within an extended area. Damage displayed signi®cant differentiation from place to place, as well as a peculiar geographic distribution. Based on geological, tectonic and morphological characteristics of the affected area and on the elaboration of damage recordings for intensity evaluation, it can be safely suggested that intensity distribution was the result of the combination of a number of parameters both on macro and microscale. On the macroscale, the parameters are the strike of the seismogenic fault, seismic wave directivity effects and to an old NNE±SSW tectonic structure, and they are also responsible for the maximum intensity arrangement in two perpendicular directions ESE±WNW and NNE±SSW. On the microscale, site foundation formations, old tectonic structures buried under recent formations and morphology are the parameters that differentiated intensities within the affected area. q 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Athens; Earthquake; Intensity; Distribution; Tectonics; Fault 1. Introduction collapsed, including industrial installations, causing 140 deaths. The strongly affected area is inhabited On September 7, 1999 at 14:56 local time (11:56 by about 1 million people, 10% of whom are GMT), the City of Athens was rocked by an earth- estimated to be homeless.
  • Athens Metro Lines Development Plan and the European Union Transport and Networks

    Athens Metro Lines Development Plan and the European Union Transport and Networks

    Kifissia M t . P e Zefyrion Lykovrysi KIFISSIA n t LEGEND e l i Metamorfosi KAT METRO LINES NETWORK Operating Lines Pefki Nea Penteli LINE 1 Melissia PEFKI LINE 2 Kamatero MAROUSSI LINE 3 Iraklio Extensions IRAKLIO Penteli LINE 3, UNDER CONSTRUCTION NERANTZIOTISSA OTE AG.NIKOLAOS Nea LINE 2, UNDER DESIGN Filadelfia NEA LINE 4, UNDER DESIGN IONIA Maroussi IRINI PARADISSOS Petroupoli Parking Facility - Attiko Metro Ilion PEFKAKIA Nea Vrilissia Ionia ILION Aghioi OLYMPIAKO "®P Operating Parking Facility STADIO Anargyri "®P Scheduled Parking Facility PERISSOS Nea PALATIANI Halkidona SUBURBAN RAILWAY NETWORK SIDERA Suburban Railway DOUK.PLAKENTIAS Anthousa ANO Gerakas PATISSIA Filothei "®P Suburban Railway Section also used by Metro o Halandri "®P e AGHIOS HALANDRI l P "® ELEFTHERIOS ALSOS VEIKOU Kallitechnoupoli a ANTHOUPOLI Galatsi g FILOTHEI AGHIA E KATO PARASKEVI PERISTERI GALATSI Aghia . PATISSIA Peristeri P Paraskevi t Haidari Psyhiko "® M AGHIOS NOMISMATOKOPIO AGHIOS Pallini ANTONIOS NIKOLAOS Neo PALLINI Pikermi Psihiko HOLARGOS KYPSELI FAROS SEPOLIA ETHNIKI AGHIA AMYNA P ATTIKI "® MARINA "®P Holargos DIKASTIRIA Aghia PANORMOU ®P KATEHAKI Varvara " EGALEO ST.LARISSIS VICTORIA ATHENS ®P AGHIA ALEXANDRAS " VARVARA "®P ELEONAS AMBELOKIPI Papagou Egaleo METAXOURGHIO OMONIA EXARHIA Korydallos Glyka PEANIA-KANTZA AKADEMIA GOUDI Nera "®P PANEPISTIMIO MEGARO MONASTIRAKI KOLONAKI MOUSSIKIS KORYDALLOS KERAMIKOS THISSIO EVANGELISMOS ZOGRAFOU Nikea SYNTAGMA ANO ILISSIA Aghios PAGRATI KESSARIANI Ioannis ACROPOLI NEAR EAST Rentis PETRALONA NIKEA Tavros Keratsini Kessariani SYGROU-FIX KALITHEA TAVROS "®P NEOS VYRONAS MANIATIKA Spata KOSMOS Pireaus AGHIOS Vyronas s MOSCHATO Peania IOANNIS o Dafni t Moschato Ymittos Kallithea ANO t Drapetsona i PIRAEUS DAFNI ILIOUPOLI FALIRO Nea m o Smyrni Y o Î AGHIOS Ilioupoli DIMOTIKO DIMITRIOS .
  • Greece) Michael Foumelis1,*, Ioannis Fountoulis2, Ioannis D

    Greece) Michael Foumelis1,*, Ioannis Fountoulis2, Ioannis D

    ANNALS OF GEOPHYSICS, 56, 6, 2013, S0674; doi:10.4401/ag-6238 Special Issue: Earthquake geology Geodetic evidence for passive control of a major Miocene tectonic boundary on the contemporary deformation field of Athens (Greece) Michael Foumelis1,*, Ioannis Fountoulis2, Ioannis D. Papanikolaou3, Dimitrios Papanikolaou2 1 European Space Agency (ESA-ESRIN), Frascati (Rome), Italy 2 National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Department of Dynamics Tectonics and Applied Geology, Athens, Greece 3 Agricultural University of Athens, Department of Geological Sciences and Atmospheric Environment, Laboratory of Mineralogy and Geology, Athens, Greece Article history Received October 19, 2012; accepted May 20, 2013. Subject classification: Satellite geodesy, Crustal deformations, Geodynamics, Tectonics, Measurements and monitoring. ABSTRACT while there are sufficient data for the period after 1810 A GPS-derived velocity field is presented from a dense geodetic network [Ambraseys and Jackson 1990]. Reports on damage and (~5km distance between stations) established in the broader area of displacement of ancient monuments [Papanastassiou Athens. It shows significant local variations of strain rates across a major et al. 2000, Ambraseys and Psycharis 2012] suggest in inactive tectonic boundary separating metamorphic and non-metamor- turns that Attica region has experienced several strong phic geotectonic units. The southeastern part of Athens plain displays earthquakes in the past. It is interesting that despite the negligible deformation rates, whereas towards the northwestern part unexpected catastrophic seismic event of September 7, higher strain rates are observed, indicating the control of the inactive tec- 1999, Mw=6.0 [Papadimitriou et al. 2002], no further tonic boundary on the contemporary deformation field of the region. monitoring of the region was held.