Autumn Hawkweed (Hieracium Sabaudum) in the Czech Republic
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ISSN 1211-8788 Acta Musei Moraviae, Scientiae biologicae (Brno) 101(2): 101–158, 2016 Autumn hawkweed (Hieracium sabaudum) in the Czech Republic PETRA BIDMANOVÁ1, OLGA ROTREKLOVÁ2, JIØÍ DANIHELKA2, 3 & JINDØICH CHRTEK JR.4, 5 1 Chudèická 13, 635 00 Brno, Czech Republic; e-mail: [email protected] 2 Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotláøská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic; e-mail: [email protected]; e-mail: [email protected] 3 Institute of Botany, Department of Vegetation Ecology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Lidická 25/27, 657 20 Brno 4 Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, 252 43 Prùhonice; e-mail: [email protected] 5 Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, 128 01 Praha BIDMANOVÁ P., ROTREKLOVÁ O., DANIHELKA J. & CHRTEK J. JR. 2016: Autumn hawkweed (Hieracium sabaudum) in the Czech Republic. Acta Musei Moraviae, Scientiae biologicae (Brno) 101(2): 101–158. – The distribution of Autumn hawkweed Hieracium sabaudum in the Czech Republic is examined, based on specimens held by 28 public herbaria. This species, classified within Hieracium sect. Foliosa, is one of 58 native hawkweeds within the Czech flora. In total 2793 herbarium specimens of H. sabaudum collected in the country were revised, of which 1668 (i.e. approx. 71%) were originally identified correctly (including taxonomic synonyms). Based on the number of specimens revised and data from botanical databases, the distribution map presented here may be considered representative. Hieracium sabaudum occurs in most parts of the country, although it is rare in mountain areas, or absent from them. In the Czech National Phytosociological Database, its occurrence is recorded over a broad scale of various plant communities, most frequently in oak-hornbeam, thermophilous oak and pine forests and their fringes, in scrub, heath and in various types of secondary habitats such as quarries and roadsides. Using flow cytometry measurements and chromosome counts, ten plants originating from five populations were shown to be triploid (2n ~ 3x) and one plant was 2n = 27. Key words. Asteraceae, Central Europe, chromosome numbers, phytogeography, taxonomy Introduction Hieracium sabaudum L., Autumn hawkweed, is one of 58 taxa of Hieracium s. str. native to the Czech Republic. It is classified within the section Foliosa and ranks among the “basic species” (Hauptarten sensu ZAHN 1921–1923), i.e. it is a taxon with a unique set a morphological characters in which a hybrid origin is not assumed. Traditionally, 34 subspecies are reported from central and south-eastern Europe, 15 of which occur in the Czech Republic. These subspecies are assigned to two groups (referred to as grex): grex sabaudum (15 subspecies) and grex boreale (Fries) Zahn (19 subspecies). Moreover, three “intermediate species” derived from H. sabaudum are reported from the Czech Republic (CHRTEK 2004): H. flagelliferum Ravaud (morphologically situated between H. lachenalii Suter and H. sabaudum), H. vasconicum Martrin-Donos (syn. H. laurinum Arv.-Touv., nom. illeg.; morphologically between H. umbellatum L. and H. sabaudum) and H. neoplatyphyllum Gottschl. (syn. H. platyphyllum auct.; morphologically between H. racemosum Willd. and H. sabaudum). 101 P. B IDMANOVÁ ET AL. Hieracium sabaudum is predominantly a European species with an almost continuous distribution from the British Isles and the northern and central parts of the Iberian Peninsula in the west to central Russia, eastern Ukraine and the eastern Black Sea coast in the east. In the north it reaches Denmark and the Baltic states, in the south Corsica, central Italy, Albania, Macedonia, northern Greece and the southern Black Sea coast. Isolated areas of distribution occur in Sardinia, southern Italy, the Peloponnese Peninsula, southern Turkey and the Caucasus. It is further known from Norway, Sweden, North America and New Zealand as an alien species (MEUSEL & JÄGER 1992: 551). The Czech Republic is situated at almost the centre of its primary distribution range. This paper is based on the master thesis of the first author of this paper (STRNADOVÁ 2007), which was defended at the Department of Botany and Zoology of Masaryk University. Methods This phytogeographical study is primarily based on revision of herbarium specimens. Specimens deposited in the following 28 Czech public herbaria were revised, including BRNL, BRNM, BRNU, CB, CHOM, FMM, GM, HOMP, HR, LIM, LIT, MJ, MMI, MP, MZ, NJM, OL, OLM, OP, OSM, OVMB, PL, PR, PRC (accessible part of the collection), ROZ, VM, ZMT (collection acronyms follow THIERS [2015]) and the herbarium of the Museum of Èeský les at Tachov (hereafter, herb. Tachov). Due to the large number of Hieracium specimens found in most of the herbaria, only those stored under H. sabaudum, H. umbellatum and H. racemosum were revised, since the latter two were the subjects for a simultaneous master’s thesis by DVOØÁKOVÁ (2007; see also NOVOTNÁ et al. 2014) and MOLTAŠOVÁ (2007; see also MOLTAŠOVÁ et al. 2014). However, H. sabaudum specimens in most of the herbaria were sought also among those stored under H. laevigatum or Hieracium sp. In most of the herbaria, the materials investigated were those available in 2006, while specimens from BRNL and Tachov were seen in 2012 and 2013, respectively. Jiøí Kocián provided photographs of his 46 herbarium specimens, now deposited at NJM. At BRNU, it proved possible to include most of the new acquisitions dated up to the end of 2012. The majority of the specimens were revised by J. Danihelka and O. Rotreklová, with the exception of those deposited at PR and PRC, which were worked upon by J. Chrtek. Herbarium labels were photographed and texts from these labels stored in a Microsoft Access database. If necessary, label information was translated into Czech, and historical toponyms were replaced by their recent equivalents. Records from localities situated close to one another were combined. All localities were arranged after the phytogeographical classification of the Czech Republic (SKALICKÝ 1988) and listed alphabetically within each phytogeographical district. The specimen database is available from the third author (JD), while original texts of herbarium labels of BRNU specimens are available online via Virtual herbaria (JACQ CONSORTIUM 2004–2014). Since the quality of identifications appeared satisfactory (see below), records from botanical databases were also included in the distribution map. The following databases 102 Acta Musei Moraviae, Sci. biol. (Brno), 101(2), 2016 Hieracium sabaudum in the Czech Republic were employed: the FLDOK database, held by the Institute of Botany, Prùhonice; the botanical records of the South Bohemian branch of the Czech Botanical Society, Èeské Budìjovice; recently computerised botanical records from five field botany summer schools organized by the Czech Botanical Society (Šumperk 1982, Rokycany 2003, Slavkov 2006, Vsetín 2008, and Domažlice 2010); and the Czech National Phytosociological Database (CHYTRÝ & RAFAJOVÁ 2003). Records from all the sources listed are currently available via the Czech database of vascular plant records (DANIHELKA et al. 2009–); they are therefore not listed herein. The distribution map was produced within the DMAP for Windows computer program (MORTON 2012), based on the geographical coordinates of localities. The recording unit is a quarter of a basic field (referred to as quadrant) of the Central European Mapping Scheme (e.g. SLAVÍK 1986). Chromosome number and/or ploidy levels were investigated in eleven plants from five populations. Plants sampled in the field were cultivated for a short time in pots in the Brno-Øeèkovice experimental garden. Chromosome number for one plant was counted in root-tip meristems stained by lacto-propionic orcein (for detail, see DANIHELKA & ROTREKLOVÁ 2001). In ten plants, ploidy level was detected using flow cytometry following the two-step procedure (OTTO 1990, DOLEŽEL & GÖHDE 1995) with DAPI staining (for details, see ROTREKLOVÁ et al. 2005). Hieracium umbellatum (2n = 18; DVOØÁKOVÁ 2007) was used as the internal standard. Voucher specimens are deposited at BRNU. Results and Discussion Karyological characters Chromosome number and/or ploidy level were counted or estimated in 11 plants from 5 populations: 1. Lelekovice (distr. Brno-venkov): Bøezinka forest about 0.9 km W of the church in the centre of the village, 49° 17′ 26″ N, 16° 34′ 6″ E, coll. J. Danihelka & O. Rotreklová, 2006, 2n ~ 3x (3 plants). 2. Neslovice (distr. Brno-venkov): Patoèkova hora nature reserve 0.35 km NE of the church in the village, 49° 8′ 49″ N, 16° 23′ 30″ E, coll. J. Danihelka & O. Rotreklová, 2006; 2n = 27 (1 plant, Fig. 1A), 2n ~ 3x (1 plant). 3. Nevojice (distr. Vyškov): northern margin of the Malhotky nature reserve 1.7 km NNE of the church in the village, 49° 8′ 56″ N, 17° 3′ 11″ E, coll. O. Rotreklová, 2006, 2n ~ 3x (1 plant). 4. Staré Ransko (distr. Havlíèkùv Brod): south-eastern margin of the village, 49° 40′ 44″ N, 15° 49′ 57″ E, coll. P. Strnadová, 2006, 2n ~ 3x (2 plants). 5. Brno-Líšeò (distr. Brno-mìsto): Hády Hill, forest 500 m NW of the Klajdovka restaurant, 49° 13′ 12″ N, 16° 40′ 32″ E, coll. P. Strnadová & S. Dvoøáková, 2006, 2n ~ 3x (3 plants, Fig. 1B). The results here are in general agreement with existing published information, as 2n = 27 clearly prevails among chromosome-number reports. It has been found in plants Acta Musei Moraviae, Sci. biol. (Brno), 101(2), 2016 103 P. B IDMANOVÁ ET AL. Fig. 1. A – Somatic metaphase of Hieracium sabaudum from locality 2 (Neslovice), 2n = 27. Scale bar = 10 µm. B – Histogram of relative fluorescence of the triploid H. sabaudum; H. umbellatum with 2n = 18 (diploid) was used as an internal standard. from the Czech Republic (MÌSÍÈEK & JAROLÍMOVÁ 1992), Slovakia (MARHOLD et al. 2007; cf. discussion therein of different chromosome numbers published earlier from Slovakia, now considered incorrect), Romania (MRÁZ & SZEL¥G 2004), Germany (SCHUHWERK & LIPPERT 1999 under H. sabaudum subsp. sublactucaceum and H.