The Shoes You • • Why They Are Moderate in Price and Good in Quality by George Brockholst

410 SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN May 3,1913 The Shoes You • • Why They are Moderate In Price and Good In Quality By George Brockholst

The Goodyear welter, which has been This lasting machine is provided with A rounding and channeling machine Goodyear improved sole-laying ma the leading factor in revolutionizing wipers for toe and heel, which draw is employed in cutting the outsole to chine, which fastens the cemented shoemaking and which has done much the leather from all directions so that conform with the shape of the bottom soles to the shoe-bottom without tacks to reduce the price of shoes. no wrinkles show on the shoe. of the last with any desired extensions. so as to leave a clean bottom.

The first fact that everyone should know about shoes there was an unnecessary duplication of expense, for So, in order to lessen the expense of maldng shoes is this: all of which the shoe manufacturer and ultimately the AND IN ORDER TO ENABLI� THE 1'1'RLIC TO SHOES ARE BETTER IN QUALITY NOW THAN public paid. One set of repair men could easily keep BUY TIlE BEST SHOES AT TIlE LOWI',HT PRICE THEY EVER WERE AND VERY NEARLY AS all the machines of the three comllanies in order. One the three NON-COMPI'JTING firms mentiolled were COll CHEAP. Every other necessity of life has increased factory could easily mal,e all three NON-COMPETING solidated in 1899 to form the United Shoe Machinery much more in cost. types of machines, so that the shoe manufacturer could Company. Another fact: obtain his equipment from one source, just as house THE BENEFITS OF THE LEASING SYSTEM. SHOES ARE NOT MADE BY A TRUST. No less wives can obtain non-comlleting carpet sweellers and Because the old lea�ing �ystem has been continue(] than 1,:WO factories are keenly competing with one gloves or non-competing washboards and linen from a by the l'nited Shoe Machinery Company, there is nu another. 3ingle department store. shoe trust. You will ullder�tand wh,\' if you cOII�ider There must be some reason why shoes have not in the way most manufacturers lIlU�t start ill ll1l�ine�:s. creased very much in price and why there is no shoe Suppose that �'ou had decided to en�age ill a manu, trust. facturing enterprise. You would have to raise money There is just one and only one reason and that is: not only for the pUl:pose of ac()uiring; a factory, but THE EI!'FECTIVE SERVICE POLICY OF THE also of purchasing machinery. Indeed, you would UNITED SHOE MACHINERY COMPAXY. spend much money on machiller,\'-so much that \\'hell HOW THE UNITED SHOE MACHINERY you sold your goods, �·ou would have to make a llro

COMP ANY WAS STARTED. portional charge for the interest 011 the money invested The United Shoe Machinery Company was organized in the machinery-about six per cent l] ,\'ear-and an in 1899. It was formed for the purpose of enabling other ten per cent a year for depreciation, repairs and This reproduction of an ancient decoration shows shoe manufacturers to mah'e bettcr shoes than they the like. Because these fixed charges are 1:1 rge, lJe that, thousands of years ago, the Egyptian made made before and to scll them to the public at the cause it tal,es much money to buy expemdve machinery, shoes very much as the modern cobbler did before smallcst possible CXjlcnsc. many important indu8trics-textile manufacturing, for the invention of American shoe machinery. Before the rnited Shoe Machinery Company was example-are conccnt1'atcd in the hands of a few com, organized, three important companies were supplying panics. COMPETITION IS LIMITED. manufacturers with shoe machinery. THE COM This applies to nearly every industry EXCEP'] PANIES WERE NOT COMPETITORS, because each SHOE MANUFACTURING. The United Hhoe Machin made a class of machines for a special purllose. ery Company's leasing method renders it possible to Thus, the Goodyear Shoe Machinery Company made obtain the most modern equipment for a small outlay, machines which produced what are known as "welt" so that the manufacturer can use his money o\'er awl shoes. like those once sewn by hand. In sewing a shoe by over again in buying raw material and selling shoes. hand, a thin and narrow strip of leather called a "welt" Iie docs not have t() make a charge for interest on is first stitched to the insole and upper. The heavy out mone" invested ;'n shoe machinc1'y or for thc dejl'/'ccia sole is then �ewed to this welt, so that the stitches fall tion of the machinery. outside and do not touch the foot, the insole being left THAT IS O;'l;E OF THE CHIEF REASONH WIlY entirely smooth. The welting and stitching machines YOt'U SlIOES AUE SO CHEAP. TIIAT IS ONE 01<' of the Goodyear Company-named after Charles Good THE CHIEF REASONS WHY THgRE IS NO HHOJoJ year, who developed the original invention and who TRUST. was a SOil of the inventor of the Goodyear rubber TIlE SHOE MANUFACTCREIt PAYH ONLY 1"OIt vulcanizing llrocess-completely displaced hand sew TH� WORK THE MACHINE DOES, just as he pays ing. The welt shoe made on the Goodyear machines is only for the work that a man does. the most comfortable shoe sold to-day-the finest llro WHY THERE IS NO SHOE TRUST. duct of the American shoe industry. THE FNITED HH()]<, MACHIXI'JRY COMPANY Besides the Goodyear Shoe Machinery Company, there DEALS WITH ALL SHOE MANUF ACTl JIn:HH were in the field the Consolidated alld McKay Lasting ALIKE. It matters not whether a man has a capita I Machine Company and the McKay Shoe Machinery of a million dollars or only ten thousand dollars. Company. The Consolidated and McKay Lasting Ma Big shoe manufacturers have tried to obtain whal chine Company made machines for lasting a shoe, a they call "better terms" from the Cnited �hoe Macllin totally different operation from that performed by the ery Company, because they use so much more machin Goodyear machines. The McKay Shoe Machinery Com ery than the small manufacturer. If the T:lIitf'd Hhoe pany made machines for attachi.llg soles and heels by Machinery Company had listened to this ar�ument metallic fasteners. there would be only a few large factories engaged in These three companies did not sell their machines to shoe manufacturing to-day, AND NO HMALL I<'A(; shoe mallufacturers, but leased them and charged a TORIES. As it is, the man with only a few t/wlIsltnil rosa It,\' for their use. HI)0 1 llg

Here is a table of royalties per pair paid by shoe IT IS THIS POLICY OF CONSTANTLY IMPROV- DOES NOT MANUFACTURE OR CONTROL ALL mallufacturers who lease machine;:: ING MACHINERY THAT HAS KEPT THE PRICE THE MACHINERY USED IN SHOE MAKING. Its Good. vear welts, men's work ...... $0.05694 OF SHOES DOWN. service is confi ned largely to supplying the machines Goodyear welts, women's worl, ...... 0.04694 SCRAPPING MACHINES. for lasting and bottoming shoes. In most factories Goodyear turn shoes, women's and misses' 0.005 Many manufacturers in other industries CANNOT machines for stitching, treeing or finishing sllOeK, and Men's and women's McKay shoes ...... 0.01746 AFFORD TO DISCARD OBSOLETE MACHINES. for working sole leather can be found, which were Children's McKay sewed shoes ...... 0.01391 They have invested too much money in them. Their supplied by other companies, and which are installed The average royalty received, based on the foregoing manufacturing costs are often high because their equip side by side with United shoe machinery. table, is about two and two thirds cents per pair. In ment is out of date. No shoe manufacturer need deal with the United Shoe reality IT IS LESS THAN EVEN ONE AND ONE Every ne-w invention produced by the United Shoe Machinery Company if he does not choose to co so. He THIRD CENTS A PAIF for most of the shoes worn, Machinel'y Company means the "scra.pping" of hun can equip his entire factory with machines which are becouse Goodyear welt shoes constitute less than one dreds of machines at the United Shoe Machinery Com- not made by the United Shoe Machinery Company. If, third the annual production of the United States. therefore, the United shoe equipment is to be found in SIXCE THE ORGANIZATION OF THE COMPANY nearly all the 1,200 shoe factories in this country, it TIU] SAVING IN COST OF PRODUCTION 01<' must be because it is so highly efficient, and because MEX'i'l GOODYEAR WELT SHOES EI<'FECTED BY the manufacturer obtains not merely machines, but NEW AND IMPROVED MACHINES AND LOWER SERVICE-a service that enables him to fulfill his ROYALTlEi'l HA:::l BEEN NEAULY 9 CENTS, OR contracts to the day and TO SELL SHOES TO THE NEAItLY DOUBLE THE TOTAL ROYALTY NOW PUBLIC AT A LOW PRICE AND A SMALL MARGIN PAIl>. OF PROFIT. In return for this trifling royalty, the United Shoe The only monopoly which the United Shoe Machinery :\lachillery Company provides American shoe manu Company elljoys is the legal monopoly granted by the facturers with a service that is unrivaled and unique. patent laws of this country to every inventor. Any Thh,; service means the assumption of the whole cost one who takes out a patent enjoys exactly the same of invention, experimental work, development, manu kind of a monopoly. After the expiration of seventeen facture and depreciation of machines ; the cost of cease years-the term for which patents are granted in this less care of machines to keep them at the highest point . country-any one is free to mal,e, use, and sell the in- of etliciency ; the purchase of patents and the cost of vention disclosed in the patent. administration. President Winslow of the United Shoe The patents on many United shoe machines have Machillery Company has repeatedly said: "IT AS expired. Others are free to appropriate the ideas dis SUl\mS ITEMS OF EXPENSE AND RISK WHICH, closed in them, and others have done so. fJNDER ANY OTHER SYSTEM YET SUGGESTED, The existence and s'uccess of the Unitecl Shoe Ma THE SHOE MANU]'ACTURER WOULD BE COM chinery Company depencl not only on effective ser PELLED TO ASSUME HIMSELF, THUS SUBJECT vice, but also on the invention of ne-w shoe machines, ING HIS BUSINESS TO A GREATER MACHINERY which -will improve factory methods and which will COST PER PAIR THAN THE AVERAGE ROYALTY improve the quality of shoes and keep the price dOlen. HE NOW PAYS." HOW THE SHOE INDUSTRY HAS PROSPERED. J s it any 1wncler that shoes are so cheap? KEEPING SHOE MACHINERY UP TO DATE. The liberal business policy of the United Shoe Ma The "Rex" pulling-over machine, which was devel Nearly all the model'll machines to be found in the chinery Company has made shoe manufacturing one of oped at a cost of over $1,000,000, and which fits the bottoming department of a shoe factory were either in the leading industries in this country, parts of the shoe upper correctly to the last. vented or perfected by the United Shoe Machinery Com Before 1899, when the United SllOe Machinery Com pany. Some of them were invented by outside invent· pany was formed, the products of American shoe fac pany's expense, In a single year no less than four ors who were not connected with the United Shoe tories were worth $258,900,000. Ten years later they thousand machines have been withdrawn to mal,e room Machinery Company, but who sold their patents to the were worth $442,600,000-an increase of seventy per for machines embodying the latest improvements, It United Shoe Machinery Company at a fair price. But cent. does not matter if the shoe factory is large or small. most of them were deliberately ereatecl by a highly THE WAGES of those employed in American shoe All factories receive the latest improved machines. paid staff, to meet the needs of shoe manufacturing. factories INCREASED FIFTY-SIX PER CENT be United shoe service is rendered to all on equal terms. No really good mechanical idea is lost or abandoned for tween 1900 and 1909, or from $59,176,000 to $92,359,000. THAT IS STILL ANOTHER REASON WHY lack of mental or financial support. FROM $500,000 Our shoe exports were very small in 1899, They THERE IS NO SHOE TRUST. TO $DOO,OOO A YEAR ARE SPENT IN IMPROVING amounted to only $1,816,538. In 1912 the value of im THAT IS WHY EVERY SHOE FACTORY IN THE OLD MACHINES OR DEVISING NEW MACHINES. ported shoes was $17,380,634, an increase of more than UNITED STATES, LARGE OR SMALL, ALWAYS If the inventors of the United Shoe Machinery Com 850 per cent. HAS AN EQUIPMENT ABSOLUTELY MODERN pany are once convinced that some step in the maldng This -wonderful gl'o-wth is due chiefly to the liberal THE LAST WORD IN MECHA�ICAL INGENUITY. of a shoe can be accomplished in a simpler, cheaper, business methods and the factoTY seTvice policy of the THAT IS WHY THE PUBLIC IS ABLE TO BUY alld speedier way, all the resources of the company are [hlited Shoe MachineTY Company. The wealth of this SHOES WHICH ARE CONCEDED TO BE THE BEST placed at their disposal. country has been increased by millions because the IN THE WORLD, AT A PRICE TO MEET EVERY It used to be the practice, for example, to fit the United Shoe Machinery Company has systematically PURSE. parts of a shoe upper to the wooden last by hand. invented new machinery to lessen the cost of shoe manu THE REPAIR SERVICE. This operation was expensive. It required so much facture and to improve the quality of shoes. AS A skill and pat ience that few thought it possible to carry Whenever a shoe machine is disabled, the telephone RESULT, THE SHOE INDUSTRY OI!' THE UNITED it out by machine. Finally the lasting machine was or the telegraph will bring the nearest United Shoe STATES LEADS THE WORLD. ill "ented which cared for a part of this operation. It Machinery expert to the shoe factory. Machines are SHOES ARE NO LONGER LUXURIES. was still necessary, however, by means of pincers to thus maintained in perfect condition without charge. pull the leather over the nicer curves of the last before Over fi.ve hundred repair experts are I,ept constantly Nowadays everybody wears shoes. Yet there was a tacldng it in place, and the inventors of the United on duty at the beck and call of shoe manufacturers. time within memory when shoes were luxuries. A pair Shoe Machinery Company were confronted with the This expert service means that 100,000 catalogued ma of handsewed welt shoes once cost fron1 $10.00 to $16.00. problem of contrivillg a "pulling over" machine. This chine parts must always be kept in stock in the Beverly Only the rich wore them every day. Yet now you pay problem was solved by them at a tremendous cost. plant of the United Shoe Machinery Company. Over from $3.50 to $5.00 for a pair of Goodyear welt shoes, 'l'hey worl,ed for years and they spent over olle mil· twenty-one million parts of machines are sent out from much more comfortable and much better in quality lion dollars. When they had at last finished their task the stock room annually to various branches of the than the $10.00 handsewed shoe your father or your the famous "Rex pulling over" machine was produced. United Shoe Machinery Company, grandfather wore. What is more, you, as an avel'age AS A RESULT OF 'l'HIS REPAIR SERVICE, Despite all the time. all the money, that -was expended A meTican, buy thTee pail'S of shoes a yeal', Shoes are on this machine, the shoe manufacturer pays a l'oyalty EVERY SHOE MANUFACTURER CAN COUNT ON no longer a luxury. of only three cighths of a cent for each pair of shoes HIS MACHINERY, AND HENCE ON HIS PRODUC JUDGE FOR YOURSELF HOW MUCH OF ALL macle /1.11 its means, and this small royalty also covers TION. His profits are assured. THIS IS DUE TO THE POLICY OF THE UNITED the use of several other machines used in the pulling THERE IS NO MONOPOLY. SHOE MACHINEHY COMPANY. over process. THE UNITED SHOE MACHINERY COMPANY AdvcTtiscmcnt.

Outsole rapid IOcKstitch machine of Part of a museum in which two thousand types of shoe machines are pre A loose nailing machine. This appa the latest type, used to fasten the out served, which were once in use, but which have been superseded by better ratus is used in fastening the "heel sole with a lockstitch to the welt in types. Four thousand machines have been "scrapped" in a year by the United seat" of the shoe preparatory to at· making a Good)'ear welt .hoe. Shoe Mllchinery Company to make room for more emeient typel. tachinl the heel.

Notes for Inventors therein and adjustable means are provided for connecting the tanks together and to , Film for Moving-picture Machine. the sides of the hold. George W. Bingham of Brooklyn, N. Y., Resignations from the Patent Office Ex assignor to Bingham-Cameron Company amining It Heals of New York, has patented, No. 1,045,502, Corps.-Notwithstanding the in a film for moving-picture machines which crease in salary accorded the assistant ex comprises a disk of celluloid or like trll.ns aminers of the U. S. Patent Office, resigna parent material provided with a series of tions still continue frequent and during the pictures arranged progressively on the disk, past year the examining corps has suffered Tire Cuts the disk having an opening located in ad by twenty-four resignations. One of these vance of the series of pictures and of suffi was a principal examiner. During the same cient size to permit free passage of the beam period several members of the corps have You want to of light emanating from the projection died, including one principal examiner. Preventing Thumb Sucking. • apparatus of the machine . -Jessie May The Patents of the Bath Trust.-The Mitchell of Clayton, Miss., has procured cut out tIre re- patents owned by the Bath Trust, recently a patent, No. 1,048,569, for a thumb • dissolved by order of the �upreme Court and finger-sucking preventer in which paIr waste- of the United States, cover principally there is a stall fitted on the thumb or finger enameling processes. The major patent of and a round disk, too large to be inserted the trust was that granted September 26th, in the mouth, is held by the stall on the then you need 1899, to James Arrott, Jr. Prior to his in end of the thumb or finger so the latter vention, the enameling powder was ap cannot be put in the mouth. this self - vulcanizing plied by a sieve, attached to a long handle, Vermin Trap.-A patent, No. 1,048,479, which was held by the workman with one the invention of Joseph Andel of Chicago, tire repairer-it does, hand and the sieve made to vibrate by the Ill., has issued for a vermin trap in which a workman striking the handle with the other hollow body has perforated walls and a itself, the extra work hand, thereby sifting the powder over the honeycombed structure within the body surface of the iron ware. The instrument for the reception of vermin, and the per you've had to do was an imperfect one, not easily handled, forated end walls are controlled by slides and by its use the workmen were subjected which have openings registrable with the yourself with the or to intense heat and physical strain. Be openings and movable so the slides can be sides, the flow of the powder was not con adjusted to close the wall openings. di n ary tire repair tinuous; it was cast upon the metal in A Trap Set by Foot.-Maurice F. Rich mastic. All you have to do is intermittent puffs, causing in many in ardson of Southington, Conn., has secured stances an unequal distribution of the a patent, No. 1,048,586, for a spring trap to apply it-it does the rest. powder and producing defective articles, which has a pan and a latch to hold the Fills the cuts and holes, solid which either had to be thrown away or sold jaws open and is provided with lateral foot ifies quickly and becomes like as "seconds." With Arrott's invention engaging extensions at the opposite sides of these evil results are lessened or disappear. the jaws so that the trap can be set by the a part of the tire. No car The sieve is mechanically vibrated very feet pressing upon the extensions. owner can affordto be without rapidly, causing, instead of an intermittent An Improved Beehive.-Francis Dan flow of the powder as in the hand process, it. Reduce tire expense 30 zen baker of Norfolk, Va., a well-known a practically continuous flow. Both hands inventor of beehive improvements, as as per cent-use of the workman may be used to guide and signor to Robert Johnson, has secured pat direct the sieve. The advantages of the ent No. 1,048,950, for a beehive, the body instrument over the hand process are de of which has a ledge for supporting frames cided. It is more efficient and more eco or holders and a filling rail for the spaces nomical. It makes a better article and ill above the ledge and provides a strip of less time. There is no waste in " seconds." treated material between the filling rail The workman is relieved to some extent and the adjacent hive members. from the fierce heat. Other patents owned TIRiccur An Electric Rat Trap.-Michal Mora by the Bath Trust are those granted to E. wiecki of Pittsburgh, Pa., has secured a Dithridge for a pneumatic sieve, and a pat patent, No. 1,048,995, for an electric rat FILLER ent to William Lindsay for an enameling trap which has a tilting platform and a pair powder distributor. These are improve of electrodes below the normal plane of the Requires No Kneading ments on the Arrott invention. platform with the free opposing ends of the a non-shrinking, rubber compound, heavy in rubber; a combina Protecting Moving Picture Films.-In a electrodes spaced apart and forming a mouth and operating to control and co tion cement, cut filler and mastic. Refills and unites the torn . patent, No. 1,042,801, Isidor Kitsee, the Philadelphia inventor, suggests that he has operate with the tilting platform. place in the tire with a permanent plug of rubber more resilient found that if a nitrated material is em A Novel Form of Brake Head.-Fred than the tire itself. Welds the loosened tread to the canvas body. bedded in a carbonate compound, the gases erick R. Cornwall of St. Louis, assignor to Supplied only in patent, collapsible tubes, with t:lpering spout. given off by said material are neutralized, Chicago Railway Equipment Company, the temperature remains stationary and no has secured a patent, No. 1,045,261, for a Eaay to Uae deterioration is ascertainable. When two brake head which has an opening of such All you have to do is to clean the cut thoroughly with films, each inclosed in a receptacle, are size as to permit the introduction of the gasoline-remove all oil, sand and other foreign matter; subjected to a higher temperature, one brake beam with overlying means for secur insert the tapering spout into the cut and compress the film embedded in a carbonate, the other ing the brake beam in order to hold the tube, smooth off the cut filler and the repair is completed. Allow it to heal over night; in the morning it will have be film minus the carbonate, then the film head on the beam in suitable adjustmen t. come like a part of the tire. Ri vetsitself to the walls of the without the carbonate will inflame at a far A Gas-chain Fixture.-Frederick DeWitt cut, forming a union so perfect no road abuse can remove it. lower temperature than the film embedded Pitcher of Rochester, N. Y., assignor to This is the logical manner of tire repair. Every auto in the carbonate, for the reason that the mobile owner in America should make Tire Cut Filler a Welsbach Light Company, in patent No. gaseous products of the film embedded in part of his repair outfit and begin saving in tire cost now. 1,046,489 shows a gas-chain fixture in the carbonate are neutralized as soon as Very Ler.. e Tube. $1.00. $1.50 in Ca.ad•• which the gas-supply pipe extends adjacent •• they are given off, whereas the ga"eous Mone,. refunded if not tiafied. to the links with its ends extending into products of the other film tend to raise the On Sale at All Dealera. socket members provided on the end links temperature and explode. To protect, of the chain and connected thereto so that If yours can't supply you, we will. therefore, a film used for kinematographie Send dealer's name and 00; suitable connections may be made with said $1 exhibition, he embeds the same in a car- in Canada, $1 50. socket members to communicate with the bonate of ammonium compound, such for gas-supply pipe carried by the chain. in3tance as a bi-carbonate of ammonium, Heating Hosiery Electrically. - The sodium, etc., and the container for the General Electric Company as assignor of storage of films has a lining impregnated Frederick M. Vogel of Pittsfield, Mass., with a neutralizing agent for the gase� waterproofs the outer rubber casing of the has secured patent No. 1,046,514 for a de given off by the film. tires and penetrates down into the inner vice for drying hosiery in which there is an fabric, protecting it from oil, air and A Running Support for FlyiJ:tg Machines. electrically heated metallic form corres moisture. Preserve� the tires and prevents -Michael A. Parisano of New York city, decay. Spread it over the surface of your ponding generally to the slotape of a stock tires after mending with Tire Cut Filler. in a patent, No. 1,049,521, shows a fl ying ing and having interchangeable toe portions Make. tire. look like machine with trucks pivotally mounted on with a resistance conductor extending into new. I sides of frame so they opposite the main the form and the toe portions so that the . ;�� . . can swing transversely and having wheels form may be heated throughout.. .. and springs con- •. �� at their opposite ends Horseshoes by Centrifugal Casting. There are imitationa ....c;·". ... c". ··" ' ·�" ··..·.c.. � .'j! nected with the trucks on opposite sides of 0\ Reasoning from the dental practice of tak which paint but don't . \ \t{i their pivotal points. ing impressions of cavities and then cast- protect-in.iat on . � .�II : l,i ."I' � ::.' • A Convertible Tank Vessel.-A novel ing by the aid of centrifugal action fillingsto Tirenew. . ' . ,. construction of convertible freighter and fi t the cavity, the writer heard it suggested :;.) ; tank vessel is shown in the patent, No. recently that some one might invent a P. M. Jack of New means of producing well fitting and suit NATIONAL RUBBER COMPANY 1,049,490, to Charles O York city, and includes a ship's hull and I able horseshoes by taking impressions of 4405 PAPIN STREET, ST. LOUIS, MO. a number of removable cylindrical tanks the prepared hoof and then casting in a cen which are placed vertically in the hold so trifugally operating apparn.tus a shoe to they can be raised from and inserted I fit the hoof.

Trade-mark Notes displayed, are not registrable;" and refers to the decision of the Court of Appeals "Ritesize" Held Registrable Trade of the District of Columbia in re Meyer mark for Knit Goods.-Mr. Commissioner Brothers Coffee and Spice Company as Moore in ex parte Ritesize Underwear directly ruling that the combination of Company has held the word "ritesize" as non-registrable words does not produce a applied to underwear is not descriptive of registrable mark. such goods and is registrable as a trade mark therefor. In the decision the Com missioner says "in the case of underwear, Legal Notes however, there can be no particular size High-tension Insulator Case.-In the which could be described as 'ritesize,' interference case of Hewlett v. Steinberger, whether this expression is considered to involving an important feature of high refer to absolute size or to the proportion tension insulators, and referred to in the of one part to another, since there is no SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN of April 19th, the gi ven size or proportion in underwear Court of Appeals of the District of Colum which could be considered a right size any bia has rendered a decision affirming the more than 'l,ny other." award of priority to Steinberger.

"Brilliant" Not Registrable for Flour. Designs. Must Involve Invention.-Mr. In the case of Sauers Milling Company Commissioner Moore in the case of ex v. Kehloe Flour Mills Company, the Court parte Mygatt has held that in order that a of Appeals of the District of Columbia design be patentable it must not only be in holding that the word "Brilliant" as new and ornamental, but there must have applied to flour is descriptive and not been an exercise of the inventive faculty in registrable as a trade-mark for flour, said: its production, citing the Court of Appeals You can increase "The testimony shows that it indicates case of in re Schraubstadter, 26 App. bright flour that shows up well and is D. C., 331. of a superior quality as distinguished from Adjudication of Cracker Package Patent. your factory light the darker brands, and that the bright -In Peters v. Chicago Biscuit Company flour is considered of greater value, and et ai. in 200 Fed. Rep., 774, the District rnore sought after by purchasers than the 19 36 Court, N. D., Illinois, E. D., speaking by to per cent. by not wasting darker brands." Justice Kohlsaat, Circuit Judge, has held the light you already have Chamber of Commerce in its Relation that the Peters patent, No. 621,974, for a to Patents, Trade-marks and Copyrights. method of and means for packing biscuits, your ceilings and walls absorb instead of re -The Chamber of Commerce of the crackers and the like, the package consist If United States of America, with general ing of a carton having an interfold lining flect light, you are wasting light-the artificial offices in the Riggs Building at Washing of wax or paraffin paper to exclude the light for which you pay good money as well as ton, D. c., has appointed its committee dust and moisture, is void for lack of pat on patents, trade-marks and copyrights entable novelty in view of the prior art. the daylight which comes in through your in several groups located at Rochester, The court refers to the object sought being windows. Paint your ceilings and walls with N. Y., Detroit, Mich., and Washington, the approximate exclusion of air, moisture, D. C. The groups have individual chair dirt and insects, and to this end being in men and are composed of follows: practice further accomplished by com Ruchester. N. }'. plainant's exclusive licensee, the National James G. Cutler. Rochester. N. Y. . chairma'i Biscuit Company, by the use of an outer (President Alliance Bank; President Cutler RICE'S sealed wrapper or envelop entirely inclosing Mail Chute Company and Realty Company.) George Eastman (President of the Eastman the package and contents, which wrapper Kodak Company.) the patentee asserts is mainly for advertis Henry W. Morgan (U ni versity A venue. Roch ing purposes by the licensee. ester. Vice-president and General MILL WHITE N. Y.. Manager Morgan Machine Company. box Outstanding Licenses Disregarded in making machinery and nailing machines.) Issuing Patents.-In ex p:1rte Dudley, the It will reflect every ray of natural or artificial light down Geor�e W. Todd (G. W. Todd & Co.. manu· Commissioner of Patents has decided that facturers or protectographs. Rochester. N. Y.) on to your machinery and into the dark corners of "Hereafter, therefore. in issuing either orig Edward G. Minor (President and General inal or reissue patents, grantees of interests your plant. It will enable you to utilize floor space Manager the Praudler Company. Rochester. therein shall not be considered to be other N. Y.) now useless for fine work. It will lengthen your than assignees because of any outstanding nftroil. l�ich. license or licenses, whether exclusive or not, daylight day at both ends. James Whittemore. Detroit. Mich.. chairman. and the patents shall issue to the same parties (Patent Attorney. Whittemore. Hulbert & as they would if sllch licenses did not exist." WhittBmore. Wayne County Savings Bank RICE'S Mill White will not cratk or craze under the Building. Detroit.) The question arose in connection with jar of machinery. It will not scale or flakelike a cold John Trix. Detroit.. Mich. (President American the issue of a reisme patent, the Revised water paint. Its firm, tile-like surface affords no Inject.or Company.) Statutes specifically pointing out to whom Henry M. Leland. Dctroit. Mich. (President lodgment for germs and odors. Cadillac 1\lotor Car Company.) reissue patents shall be granted, whereas Howard E. Coffin. Detroit. Mich. (Vice-presi original patents are issued under the gen� RICE'S Mill White is economical to apply. It flows dent Hudson Motor Car Company.) eral provisions of the statute which leaves o A. Strelinger. Detroit. Mich. (Dealer in evenly with no brush marks under a 4-inch brush. Its it discretionary wi th the Commissioner machinery supplies. the Charles A. Strelin great covering ower and intense body make two coats whether the patent shall issue to the inven p �er Company.) equal to three of lead and oil. It remains white longer than 1;Vasl1inr}lml. D. C. tor or the assignee. Gen. Ellis Spear. 9th and Grant Place. chair any other gloss paint. man. (Formor UOmmis.,loner or Patents an<\ Decision in Interference Case. - As wdl known patent attornt'y.; sistant Commissioner Tennant in Bump W. W. KlllCai

PATENT ATTORNEYS How Patented Inventions Have Increased the National Wealth I N these days wHen great industrial Ready dragons of capital guard every door uf business opportunity, it is grateful to know for that there is one open sesame left. During the past spring, after a bill was introduced to restriClt the rights of invent ors in their inventions, Congress had the Anything opportunity of hearing from the largest corset manufacturer in the United States. INVENTORS are invited 10 communicate with Munn Co Broadway, New York. or - at any time. t.he higgest manufacturer of carpet sweep & .. 361 625 F Street. Washington, D. C .• in regard to ers, the best-known manufacturer of inex secu rine valid patent protection for their Inventions .. pensive watches, the manufacturer of the Trade-Marks and Copyrights re�istered. Design Patents and Foreign Patents securt"d. most arl vertised alarm clock in America, A Free Opinion as to the probable patentability the two best-known safety razor manufac of an invention will be readily �iven to any Inventor furnishinl!' us with a model or sketch anti a brief de turers in the country, the largest .manufac scription of the device in Queslion. All communications are strictly confidential. Our Hand·Book on Patents turer of cameras and photographic supplies will be sent free on request. in the world, all the phonograph and talk Ours is the Oldest a(ency for securin� patents; it was established over sixty-five years a2'o. ing machine manufacturers in the United All patents secured throul:!"h us are described without States, and most of the manufacturers of cost to patentee ill the Scientific American. the specialties that newspaper :md maga MUNN & CO., 361 Broadway, New York zine advertising have made household Branch Office, 625 F St.• Waahington, D. C. words. Besides these, Congress also heard from the leading inventors of the country, the members of the Inventors' Guild, most of the engineering and electrical and com ClassifiedAdvertising in this Advertisementscolumn is 75 cents a line. No mercial associations, and, finally, ffl)m Mr. �ess than four nor more than 12 lines accepted. Count Thomas A. Edison himself. se en words to the line. All orders must be accom· paniedv by a remittance. What these men had to say about the calamities which would follow if the rights AGENTS WANTED of inventor:s were restricted so astonished The suction hold of the vacuum cups, guaranteed to prevent skidding on wet or WHY NOT build up a business of your own? U. S. Fire Extinguishers sell everywhere. 500% prollt. greasy pavements- the Committee on Patents, that the Com ect r o o a r t The absolutely oilproof quality, immune against deterioration from oily roads and mittee decided not to press this Bill for the �� i�:� �li b"o .� fg!J ��Ir��"n. ¥,o'i :�"o� �� garage floors- present. For all that, it will probably be FREE SAMPLE goeswith the Hrst letter. Some The thick walled cups that drive deep and give unequaled traction in mud or sand thing new. Every Hrm wants It. Orders from S1.00 presented at the coming session, for which to $100.00. Nice pleasant business. Big demand -and thrust aside sharp stones and puncturing objects- everywhere. Write for free sample. Metallic Mfg. The extreme toughness and phenomenal heat radiating powers of the tread, offering reason its objectionable provisions tlhould Co.438 N. Clark. Chicago. the utmost resistance to the abraison and friction of fast travel over fineroads- not be lost to view. And finall y the definiteprinted guarantee of 4,000 miles attdched to each casing BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES These manufacturers and inventors all INVENTORS ! Get rich like Edison and other a distance far exceeded by the actual average service mileage. successful inventors by placing your inventions on told one story: to-day invention, protected the market. We are the inventors' co-operative In Stock Everywhere factory. Send us your drawings or model (both if by patent, is in all commercial activities possible) for best proposition on manufacturing, the chief, and often the only way by which making models, dies. tools. perfecting inventions. PENNSYLVA NIA RUBBER COMPANY, Jeannette, Pa. etc. Ask for our free book ., Inventors' Guide," business independence may be attained. Pitl.bur2h. 505 Liberly Ave. BRANCHES Kan.a. Cily. Mo .• 514 E. 151h 51. which tells how to start successfully. No fee or Cleveland. Euclid Ave. ChiC820. M.chi2an Ave. Omaha. S. 20lh SIreei commission ofTerfor selling patents. Ideal Machine IB37 IUU4 215 All this explains why Americans lead the & D.troil. 254 Jefferson Ave. Minneapol. .. 34 S. Blh Streel Seaule. Armour Buildin2 Tool Co .. Dept. 25. Cincinnati. O. world in invention; why the patents taken THE PROCESS OF WELDING COPPER with Pennsylvania Rubber Company of New York oxyacetylene shall be sold partly or · in wholesale to New York City. 1;00 Broadway Bo.lon, 149 Berkeley 51. 0.11••• 411 S. Ervay 51. out in the United States average nearly c c r a e a n ers Pennsylvania Rubber Company of California 40,000 a year and now aggregate nearly to g� ::d � t� F{:i;n: � ;�st.�l.'lt��!��:. �a�lr

San Franci.co. Mission Sireet Anaele•• S. Main Sireet 512·14 Lo. 930 1,100,000; and why the patents issued by FOR SALE An Independent Companll UI,·th an independenl selling policu the United States are nearly equal, in an e h n su:��s�to� �-;;:.ru,}�"c��r�� fbo�6��:'i�� :u c� . . . : nual output and in aggregate amount, to cessful domestic & factory pleating machine. Address .: � . . 6.'. -. Room 202 New Court House Bldg .. New Orleans. La. all the patents issued by Great Britain, MANUF ACTURERS ATTENTION. New Un· Germany and France combined. La,id end IJatented Invention for sale. For particulars writiJ to Charles Eyges, 143 Federal Street. Boston, to end, the patents which have been issued Mass. by the United States Patent Office would INSTRUCTION reach three times around the world. LEARN TO WRITE ADVERTISEMENTS.- a i Placed in a pile 10 feet square they would ��b:�!i1t� �t�j��;:ase ,;gu� �aFa:;� V��o�� form a mass twice as high as the Washing tus free. Page-Davis Co .• Dept. 89. Chicago. Ill. ton Monument. LINOTYPE INSTRUCTION MACHINISTS -Linotype machinists earn S30 Three Hours How tremendously patented inventions weekly; unlimited day or evening course, 160; easy terms; 7 Linotypes; 1,000 Linotypes sold in 20 months. have ('ontributed to the prosperity of the Empire Linotype School, 419 1st Av .. New York City United States appears from the growth of . Along the Hudson River PATENTS FOR SALE industries depending entirely on inven WE EXPLOIT OR SELL VALUABLE GER- tions. a n �S'tc!t f��. �� o ��:�� fgro S��vs�Y��g P:ieri�� VIa In the generation between 1880 and in Germany and Spain. Write to IH. A. Meinhardt. the 1910, the value of our iron and steel manu 32 Kronprinzenstrasse, Godesberg, Germany. factures leaped from $207,000,000 to $1,- PATENTS FOR ENGLAND. 377, 000,000, an increase of per cent. m c i 566 fir��9:r� ��c� s�f�' �:��?ca� �"v�n�fci�� :::en�� Between 1860 and 1910 the output of sew England. C. W. Dimes. A.M.I.C.E .. 120 Thornlaw Road. West Norwood. London, S. E .. England. NEW YORK ing machines grew from less than $4,500,- (tNTR-AL 000 to over $28,000,000, an increal>e of 522 PATTERN LETTERS per cent. Between 1850 and 1910 the pro PATTERN LETTERS AND FIGURES. White Metal and Brass. for use on patterns for castings. LINES duction of agricultural implements in Largest variety. prompt shipments. Send for cataJ.og. H.W. Knight & Son. 92 State St .. S"neca Falls. N. Y. creased from less than $21,000,000 to over $146,000,000, an increase of 595 per cent. POST CARDS In the generation from 1880 to 1910 the POST CARDS of Irish Scenery. Irish Life. Irieh Antiquities. Cards of any place in the "Old output of photographic apparatus increas Country". Lighthouses, 200 subjects. domestic and traveling between r n le s. Strain N ed from $142.000 to nearly $16,000,000, an . 9��:I�gtltgo"�s�.I'. B�t��'t�I�ef:�J � ';{� the West and New increase of 1,117 per cent. � REAL· ESTATE I York City via the Coming down to more recent examples FOR SALE-5 acres of wooded land with water of manufactures covered by patents: front on Barker Pond. Me.. 20 miles from Portland New York Central Fresh water fishing; natural spring. Convenient to Lines you ride for In the decade between 1899 and 1909 station. Ideal spot to build a summer home. Partic· the output of automobiles leaped from less ulars. address: A.de Nuro. 572W.14Ist St.. New York. three hours - nearly than $5,000,000 to over $249,000,000, an WANTED increase of 4,880 per cent ; the production FOREMAN with experience and ability. where 150 miles-along the emcient and economical, result in auto motor work of wire increased from less than $9,.'300,000 Hudson River. is appreciated, desires change. Address Foreman • to nearly $90,OOO,tlOO, an advance of 847 Box 773. New York. This is the great scenic route per cent; the output of phonographs from IWISCELLANEOUS between the East and West about $2, 000,000 to nearly $12,000,000, a SEALED PROPOSALS. endorsed "Proposals for 1\vo 300 ft. Steel Towers," will be received at the growth of 500 per cent ; the production of Bureau of Yards and DOCks. Navy Department. All tir.kets are good for stop Washington. D. C,. until 11 o'clock a. m .. June 14. cash registers and calculating machines 1913, and then and there publicly opened. for the over at Niagara Falls. construCtion of two steel towers at the Naval Radio from about $5,500,000 to nearly $24,000,- -Station, San Juan, Porto Rico. Estimated weight an . of structural steel work, 100 tOilS. Plans and speci 000, increase of 336 per cent ; the output Ilcations can be obtained on application to tbe Bu· of patented food preparations from $39,- reau. Wm. M. Smith. Acting Chief or Bureau. 000,000 to $123,000,000, a growth of 220 April 19, 1913. per cent ; the production of fountain pens from a little over $1,500,000 to over $4,- INQUIRIES 500,000, an increase of 200 per cent ; the Inquiry No. 9,107. Wanted to buy a machine for honing and stropping safety razor blades on a. com ... output of photo-engraving from $4,000,000 mercial scale. to over $11,500,000. an increase of 188 per Inquiry No. 9308. Wanted woven glass fabric for manufacturing purposes in large quantities. The cent; the output of photographic products glass is spun. Inquiry No. 9309. Wanted to buy small woven from less than $8,000,000 to over $22,500,- tuhing of small diameter for use o\'er the templCli 000, an iucrease ot 181 per cent; the pro- otspectllcleswhere they go ..round the ears.

duction of rubber goods from $52,5 00,000 to $128,500,000, an increase of 145 per cent ; the production of typewriters from less than $7,000, 000 to nearly $20,OOO ,OOlJ, an increase of 185 per cent ; the production of electrical maehinery from $92. 000.000til $221,000,000, an increase of 140 per cent. The increase in our national wealth pro duced by commercial inventions is recorded in staggering figures : In l!JO.j our manufactures of iron an:! ste@i products "ggregated $2,177,000,000; our malllJfactnl'.es of textiles amounted to $1,38'1,000,000 ; our produCltion in the print ing �Dd publishing trades was $597,000,000, and our manufactures of petroleum prod Notire IIO'W one coat ofI, o'tue BrotlI ers Cn1lcrde tlnd Centellt Coating on uct6 totalecl over $175,000,000. During ceilinI( /ig/ltens tIle eIItire room. the five years between 1905 and 1'110 these manufacturl)IS increas

You - as a er - now tire bill pa a _ no demand �·lile rim OR-with or cutting breaking above the rim is � and here it I t's the rim as Then we called much as the road in our Chemists thatwears out your and said : • tIres. "Tire buyers So we said to our are demanding a Engineers : tough, flint�like, " You must build but resilient tread us a tire with Per -a tire ll1 ade of fect 3-Point Rim lusty young rubber Contact. " -a tire giving the Th e)! did-and they also add utmost mileage at no addi ed the No - Pinch Safety Flap tional expense." for inner tube protection in And the answer is Vitalized Rubber No Clinch lamODPerfect 3-Point Rim Contact Ires

Here is a No-Clinch tire that appeals to All this is overcome in the Diamond the hard-headed, shrewd tire buyer - the No-Clinch because the three-points of rim man who insists on easy riding comfort contact are absolutely mechanically perfect and a good, liberal mileage. -the annealed steel cable wire bead holds Each point of rim contact in a tire is a point of with a vise-like, rim-grip. support. Where the points of rim contact are not perfect, undue pressure is brought to bear at an un Add to this the No-Pinch Safety Flap for inner su pported poin t of the tire. tube protection, the Vitalized Rubber advantage, the Then what happens ? The result is a terrific strain famous Diamond Safety (Squeegee Tread) and you on the tire that results in rim trou bles, breaking above have bought rubber shod mileage that has no equal the bead and separation of the tread from the carcass. at any pnce. Diamond Safety So this time buy Diamond Vitalized Rubber Tires - (�queegee) Tread for Automobiles, Motorcycles, Bicycles

The gua,anl�e on Diumond Tiru hecome.J null and lIoid when the tir� ;3 u,ed in con.. n�cljon llIith any 5u6 ..liIutc! oTair. or when fitted t) ,imj r,ot be6rintl one of thue in- Jpoelion dampJ or na>ing � � . hod ill xrial number re- 25,000alwa J)iys am at yoondur Se Derviceale rs ci1kma".J in wltol. or Part

wages rose from $10,000,000 to $18,500,000. Throughout the same period the estab lishments engaged in the manufact.ure of To the Man with phonographs increased from 11 to 18 ; their -a NOT a DICTAPHONE out of capital grew from $3,000,000 to $14,000 ,- 000; the number of their employee8 in Ve ntilating Problem thousands now in use in RAILROAD creased from 1,400 to 6,000; tllllit liggt'e gate wages roll e frum $3,'150,00\) tg $30,- You remember what hot weather has failed to make good 000,000. OFFICES meant last summer - stifling rooms Over the lIame years the establishments ('ngaged in the ml!.nuFII.cttIte of fountain full of bad air. dulled brains, lagging pens increased froln 43 to 65; their capital hands. part of your office or factory grew From $l,OCO,OOO to over $3,000,00 0; unusable during the summer months. the number of their employees increased You can stop all this at once and from 742 to 1,820; their aggregate wages forever by installing the We have letters from the leading railroads of this rose from $500,000 to $1,125,000. cOIlIltry testifying to the efficiency of the Dicta pI Hille in all departments. These le�tcrs carry a DUring the same decades the establish ....i, 1,!·lli n(',mt mC..:.;sagc . to every uusiness man-c�)- pl'('ially- ments engaged in the printing and publish SfO�_.'!II n I Tn the man who has never dictated a letter ex ing business increased from less tha.n ('(, I't to a stenographer.who writes his every word ahS 2·1,000to nearly 32,000; their Cll.pitltl grew Ventilating F \\twi('c,'ril.er- once in - shorthand and once 011 the type from $333.000,000 to over S588,(){)O,DOO; i?ven where conditions are worst To the man whose own time is valuable, and who KIIOWS the moner vallie of the time of his type the number of their @mployees increased these fans will keep a toom full of fresh writer operators- from 136,000 to 389,000; their aggregate pure aIr all summer. either forcing out To the man who has reason to believe that he is f'1I1l�1 informed on the sllh.iect of dictating rna wllges rose from $139.000,000 to $268,000.- the bad air or blowing in a steady, cool ('hille.... but I11RY he two rears hchilld the Dicta 000. u phone situation. (f YOll W'lnt to save time, worry stream from o tdoors. and money in Ihe handling of YOllr correspond The value of American manufactures The time 1<. tU!t I� now, bejore hot weather l'II('{', investigate the Dictaphone. attributable directly indirectly to pat comH" nemon�trntion in YOllr own office and on YOllr or 0'\'11 work. Reach for YOllr telephone and call up ented inventions is stupendolls. In 1909 it Write us giving size and location of room. "Tlte Dictaphone." If yon don't findthatnamein whether you wish to drive the fan by belt or th:, book, write our nearest distrii.lutin:;branch. amounted to nearly $21,000,OOO,OCK:J-one electricity, and if by electricity what current a fifth of all the we lth of: the United States; you have-voltage. cycles. phase. etc. THE DIeT APHONE six times the money in circulation; totAl Our nearest engineer will advise you 01 the (Columbia Grapbophone Co .• Sole Distributors) twenty times as much as would be required proper fan to use, There is no oblillatioil or 148 Woolworth Building. New York to pay the national debt; and two hundred &pense to you. a a n n o :�Cli��i�n�i!: Cl��e��':l f.��lll�l� t:��.B&'��;�iSr!�t and sixteen times the value of all the gold TWO TYPES OF FAN : i o produced in the United States. The LO:�:s�lil I1��J��i��e��ii� :d��::�1,� :\:-lfa�:�: The PrbDeller New Orleans, New York, Omaha, Philadelphia, Pittsburg, amount of wages which these industries Type fans are far Portland, Me., Portland, Orc., Rochester, San f'rancisco, o t S e paid out in 1910 amounted to nearly $5, lise where !artie WI. ��: St. �;�l�IT'er�� ·f.�i��. l\<{;a��: lIm� ilir are to ington, Wilmington, Del. Canadian Head· OOO,OOO,OOO-more than half as much as 01' quarters, McKinnon Building, Toronto. btl. handled without the total wealth of the United States in pIpIng. They are Exclusi�e.,elling rightsgranted where 1850; about two thirds as much as the total usually placed in we are not actiVe! y rePre5ented. money in circulation in 1910; 8flventeen top sash of window times the total wages paid in the United or in wall or parti. tion. and force the States in 1850; and seventy-one times the foul air outd ..Oi1 Of total amount of money coined in 1910. To Into another tooln. invention, more than to any other caUbe, Booklet No.A-P-5 describes these Fans. LEARN TELEGRAPHY:Ithome is due the fifteen-fold increase of wealth in Models and Experimental Work MOR SE :lIld WIHEI,ESS wilh ODINIGUAI'II Sturtevant Ready .&U'1'OlJIA'rlC '1'Ji!Af,;lllm ill h:tl� usu!ll tilue_trHln!}:: the United States from $7,135,000,000 in INVENTIONS DEVELOPED OOlt. Sends you messages witllOut Iillli� milo· to-Run Ventilatina SPECIAL MACHINERY ••. t IPliO to $107,104,000,000 in 190 9. Human "-"",,,,,,,:.,jJ'#�:t �� );�:�'S��bNCIGil��p�i ��G.·��. Seta are used when V. BAILLARD CO., •• York. E. 24 Frankfort St N. Y. Dept. 16. 39 COl'tlnn ci� Street, New comprehension is inadequate to grasp such smaller volumes are reo ·figures. quired. or when it i, That wealth produced by patented in de&irabl& to remove ot ventions is more widely distributed among aupp\y ait a distan<;i! through pipina, employees and independent manufactur ers than wealth produced in any other fash Booklet No. .A-R-5de3uibes these Sets. ion is strikingly shown in the boot and shoe B. F. STURTEVANT co. industry. Between 1900 and 1905 the Hyde Park Boston. Mass. capital invested in the industry increased and all principal cities 01 the world from about $99,000,000 to $122,500,000, • tob acco "..,JI.V...... an increase of over 23 per cen t; and during is good news the five years from 19 05 to 1910 the capital American Patent Sales Company to any pipe! leaped to over $197,000,000, an increase of Avenue. New York City 417sell andFifth exploit patents of recent iS3ue. 61 per cent. Between 1900 and 1910 the We buy. no charges, unless patents are Bold by We make valuable patents to sell. communicateus. with us. , commercial ratings of the shoe manufac It you have ------. turers in the United States jumped from les" than $61,000,000 to nearly $99,000,000, 12 Horse Power an increase of nearly 62 per cent. Between 4 Cylinder 190.1 and 1910 the salaries and wages of all 4 Cycle persons employed in shoe factories in the Sp d United States leaped from less than $78,- ��1t:.•• 600 10 1000 000,000 to nearly $110,000,000, an increase R.MadeP. M. in of 41 per cent. Salanes alone increased 99 one size on per cent, and wages alone increased 34 per specializedI y. A cent. During the same period the number article. of salaried employees expanded from 8,811 Marine Engines to 14,513, an increase of 65 per cent; and Kermath the world's standard in 12 H. P. size. are made of the finest the average number of wage earners in materials the market affords and workmanship of pronounced excellence. Prices $ 150 to $200_ creased from less than 150,000 to over �fJffl6,!,j,t. 185,000, an increase of 23 per cent. From Kerrnath Mfg. CO., S 1900 to 1905 the product of American shoe manufacturers increased from less than $259,000,000 to over $320,000,000, an in 9 Months' Rent Buys creaw of nearly per cent. During the 24 a TRANSIT or LEVEL five years from 1905 to 1910 the output For Engineers or Surveyors grew to nearly $443,000,000, a gain of 38 HiKh•• t Qu.lilY -These Civil Enaineerina per cent. Between 1899 and 1910 the value Instrumentsarc ofthe hi"hal!quality. newest palterns and • Full letofacces of the exports of boots and shoes jumped .ori� includ.d.1913 Full modeIJ auarantee backedby our 6fty�year record makers ofthe world", toct from less than $2,000,000 to nearly $14,- standard enaineerina 81instrumentl. 000,000, an increa,se of over 600 per cent. No lalerell - No interest. strinal or . redtape any kind. JUlt pay the According to the last census this prosperity rent for nined months and vou own the iasttument outriaht. TINS is shared by 50,000 independent retail shoe S'Dd For Partiealan-If you are an dealers and 1,343 separate shoe manufac enalneer or surveyor write t ay for full particulars this wonderful offer. and turing establishments, all independent, cOJDpletedeac:riptioo..of Ten daYI' trialy who employ in the aggregate nearly 200,- This rich Old Burley has A.S. ALOE & CO. 527 Olive St •• St. Loui•• Mo. 000 people and have an indi vidual output been well aged-afi ne flavor of from 300 pairs to 25,000 pairs a day. "This industry," states the Massaohusetts Railway Rail Attachment tothe and smoke smoothness Commission on the COot of Living, in its AGr... t Saring COIIIIIIni., recent report, "i s one of the few great lines Win that will you! of industrial enterprises in the United Wm. W. States in which the trust form of control For s.l. hyth. inventor,Coaa.-An Haskio improved.. care or attachmentHUIlIII.590 AJnny ••••A Hartford, f has not made headway." !O�er:il�:��ti��:;�� h ��ti:�i. � tge strain thousandsof tons,does� away withlargeISs �..ff+�J.r-c,e. These figures all show that, possessed of Dumber employedtoof keep the rails:in order ,prevent8 - �-- - - =- -=-= =- =- wrecks and loss of life by rails spreading. - the control of a valuable invention, the

--- - � ------inventor, although backed by a small con - - - cern, still has the magic "open sesame" that Why Do Bearings unlocks the door to the best markets of the world; and that in developing his own and Gears Wear Out 1 business and adding to his own wealth tho inventor adds ahundred-fold to the wealth FIRST, let us analyze friction. Friction is of the whole commullity. the resistance or retarding force set up by two surfaces rubbing against one another. Each surface exerts an almost constant pull Some Old Sewing Machine Patents on the particles making up the other sur face. The surface of the two which can N an interesting memorandum pub the better withstand this frictional pull will lished in the consular and trade re be the surface to remain unworn. The I bearing metal should be so designed as to ports of the Department of Commerce, give way before the steel. But the bear Dr. Darby of the Patent Office tells of ing metal should not give way to this pull the develo)lment of the sewing machine ; too easily. That would mean quick bear how the earliest attempt at sewing by ing wear. machinery of which there is any authen THE cohesive strength of the bearing metal should approach that of the steel as nearly tic record was in 1755, in which year a as possible, just so it keeps under it. Such machine was patented in Englund by a metal is Charles F. Weisenthal, in which machine the stitch was formed by a needle hal- ing two points with an eye at mid-length. which )Iassed completely through the goods in imitation of hand sewing. THE interlocked, cohesive. fibrousstructure of NON· GRAN makes it almostimpossibleforthe steelshaft to Following this came an English pat pull away the particles making up the surface which is presented to this pull. In NON-GRAN, the particles ent dated July 17th, 1790, granted to e t n fg:e��Fdtg;�rib� ��:��r��61:� b��':°th� �u�7:�:� Thomas Saint, for a machine that em THE great value of NON-GRAN, as ametalofferingmax imum resistance to wear, has already been demonstrat bodied several features employed in the ed by the builders of the finestmotor cars of this coun- a w O G r e e modern sewing machine, namely, an over �:y ��:r ��i n�° b'r��e� :; p� t,� .;,rJ: �:{;fe r� t� Dudley Avenue. We,ltieid. N. J. performance and lasting qualities of cars such as the hanging arm, a horizontal cloth plate, a vertically reciprocating needle, and a feed ing device. The needle, notched at its A Tarvia ToW'n lower end, pushed a loop of thread through a hole previously made by an are many towns in this The roads have been free from awl. The loop thus formed was held be HERE country which began with dust and have not been seriously neath the goods, and the next loop was T Tarvia years ago and finding it passed through it, thus maldng what is impaired by automobile traffic. successful have extended its use on known as the "chain stitch." T arvia acts as a binder and cements their roadways year by year as a FRICTION is friction, and that metal which best with· An Englishman named Duncan in 1804 the road surface firmly together in stands friction in motor duty, also best withstands matter of fixed policy. Such a friction in any other duty. made a chain-stitch machine that em a plastic matrix. Automobiles do LET us send you a sample of NON-GRAN so that you town is Westfield. N. J. which now may examine its famous knit-together structure. ployed two hool,ed needles, and in 1830 not hurt such a surface, but roll it s e r has 19 miles of tarviated streets. N��t?v�-t�i�v�\h�O��; �r::��u'ftfcre� tfr i��! a Frenchman named Barthelemy Thimon down smoother. ant part in the life of a machine to warrant their cor Mr. A.W. Vars. the town engineer. rect treatment. nier invented a machine which embodied The amount of new stone screen- the same principles with the exception reports that the " Tarvia B treat- .. ings needed for surface maintenance AMERICAN BRONZE CO. that the loop of thread was pulled in ment on all these streets averaged 1035-1042 CARTON AVE•• BERWYN. PENNA. I �c. per square yard for the season is greatly reduced by the T arvia Sole ruanllfRetm'el'8 of and largest exeIlIlIye stead of pushed through the fabric. ruauufactm·t'I·!j of bet1.-ing b" onlAe iu tb", wodd of 1912; compared with the cost of treatment and the road keeps in NON-tlRAN The first American patent for a sewini-: Wear on a Worm or Spur Gear is Brought About better condition. The longer the machine was issued to a man named Lye keeping down the dust and main- by the Same Forces That Cause Wear in a Bear taining the road surface by any other T arvia treatment is maintained, the ing. The Combination of Its Wear .. Resisting in 183G. A fire, which occurred that year, Qualities and Its Tremendous Strength is Re method. this is a very low figure. less the annual cost. sponsible for the Phenomenal Service Given by destroyed all the Patent Office records, NON-GRAN in These Duties. so that the construction of this machine Booklets on request. is not Imown_ G It is said that in the years 1832 to 1834 d P t o , K d Walter Hunt of New Yorl, city built what N��:�� ::��: � �� . Cincinnati Minneapolis Piusbura-h Seattle Corey. Ala. was probably the lirst lock-stitch machine. lJI Wanted-Special Work in The PatersoD Mfr. Co . Ltd.-Monl,,,,,1 Toronto Winnipev Vancouver SI. John Halifax Sydney. N.S. This was provided with a curved needl" . Woven or Elee- · (with an eye near the point) mounted trieally Welded WIre on a vibrating arm. A loop was formed beneath the cloth by thiR thread-carrying Our equipment is second to none in the world for executing in the most needle, and a shuttle carrying an addi workmanlike man n e r special wire tional thread was passed through the loop guods cOl)tracts. Correspondence sol icited anll an opportunity to figure on your re thus formed, making a lock stitch. Hunt. quirements. Send drawinfs and specifications- however, did not apply for a patent until Quotation. promptly furni.hed after the granting of the Howe patent. We are the Orifinai Power Loom weavers and manufacture and his application was refused. Pompeiian Bronze Screen Cloth On February 21st. 1842, patent No. 2,4Gn Also an extensive line of other wire cloths was granted to John Greenough, which both galvanized and painted. was the first United State� patent for a C6010n EIodricallyWelded Fabric for colICr"ereinfon:iJg CLINTON WIRE LATH-Est. 1856 sewing machine of which there is any

Please address a II comm unications t 0 EstimatinE Dept existing record. This machine employed CLINTON WIRE CLOTH CO two needles, pulled entirely through the Clinton. Mass. cloth by pincers, and the stitch was E"ensive Hot GoI oiziog Dept. Perfonted Metals 1I

At the present time sewing machines are diyided into two claflfles. one including thm�e for household or domestic IIfle and The Safe the other special machinefl, such for in stance as the l\IcKay shoe sewing ma chines. G9.rage The Big Aeroplane and Trans- Bu i It as strong as atlantic Flight a sieel sky-sera per 1, HE offer of a prize of $50,000 for a fiight across the Atlantic Ocean in s(',·enty-two hours, which was made re Unless you have investi2"ated. you little reaJ� cently by the London Daily Mail, has ize tbe stren2"tb, the durability. the perman('ncy. already brought forth about a dozen well of ,Pruden System Construction, [t is built of he�vy 2'ai''3nized steel. A permallent buildi'lg in movable form. The use of bolts Instead of Imown constructors and pilots who are rivets make it portable. Simple and easy to preparing machines for this flight. erect. No net work of framin£'. By.our patent system the units interlock and leinforce each Something over a year ago, we pub other providing a buildiuf of extreme strength lished in the SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN a very and rigidity... Never needs repairs. Never de preciates in value. complete article on the transatlantic cross ing by aeroplaneti, together with a full pu!-!:e illustration of a proposed biplane Pruden System HE superiority of with Jive 50 horse-power Gnome motors Fireproof {�bJ!"r Garage by which A ,-iator-l\Iariner James V. l\Iar Absolutely safe2'uards its con- .----., Marmon design tents ai'ainstfire. wind. weather Also CotlaRes. T t ill proposed to make the long flight. or thieves. It is positiyely fire- Beat Houses, Pi,lureShows, Ht-cently a hydro-aeroplane has been con proof. No wood. A h.0 J u te I y and construction weatherproof, too. Double thick GaraRe s. structed in England having three 50 joints keep out wind and rain. Camps,Ware has been recognized by Sure proof arainst thieves and hOD5H, etc hOI:>le-]lower Gnome motors arranged in vanctal�. Windows are baT- automobile engineers somewhat the same manner as suggested , locked. Doors have ineenious safety bars . Expansion joints take care of chan2'es in tem perature. Successfully used in any climate the world over. The by l\Ir. l\Iartin, and having two fioats in Absolutely practical. Perfect in every detail the shape of boats beneath the machine in Write for catalbg, statiDl� name and model num Marmon oiling system, each of which three passengers are car ber of your car. or for what other purpose you need a buildin2'. so we call also advise size d the Marmon axle and ried. This machine, although only about buildinr best suittd to YOUi needs Immediate sbipments from stock. Freight paid east (f vanous other features half the :;ize of the one designed by the Rocky Mountains. American aviator, is built along the lines METAL SUEL TER COMPANY have been copied In suggested by him. His idea was that 5-52 W. Water St.. St. Paul. Minn. CaRadian Metal Shelter Co. many ofthemore costly after the machine was once in the air, 704 Mcintyre Bldg.. Winnipeg. Can. cars. Doubtless the one of the motors could be disconnected and the machine would run on the other The Marmon "32" cheaper cars would also four motors, or two hundred horse-Ilower. A Jtmible, for ical car- a car Of A:; the fuel was used up and the machine use them, if the mate moderate size and caPacity. murinE �"Y requirement fo r tourinE and f;�Y became lighter, another motor could be use with the economy in lires. fuel and rials and workmanship upiup so important 10 the mqjority of cut out, and perhaps before the end of the motoriJ/J. Fo ur·cylinder 32-h.,.. 120· req uire:d were not so ,nch wheel bau, electric fiaT/inc and voyage the machine would fly on but two lirhtine S} Jtem, with bodyOPtS 10 mut motors, thereby making a great saving expenSIve. ,-u"J r�uiremen/ and lorrespondinr etluipmtnl. TaurinE tar $3. 000.00 in fuel. f,o.h. Indianapolis. Detailed information on request. In order to cover the 1,800 miles from Newfoundland to Ireland, a speed of six Nordyke ®. Marmon Co. The Marmon "48" ty miles an hour must be maintained for

Six-ulinder, 48-80 h. p•• 145·inch thirty hours. To maintain such a speed (Established 1851) wheel bau-a farce car with small car advantarlS. a CQr with short lurninr continuously on a machine large enough ability which eliminates the old objec Indianapolis. Ind. to carry sufficient fuel to make the flight MECIIA.NIC,U tions /0 lonE wheel bau-a car of won SUI'I'LIES A.ND MA't'ERIAL derful and surpassinE ridinE qualities. without a stop, a motor of from 150 to of.n kind. Sixty re ars oj Successful Man,!/acturing. eluttie startinE and IiEhiinE sy stem, EXPEUIMEN'I'AL A.ND with hody types to meet ellery require' 200 horse-power is necessary. A six-cylin 1. IGU'I' MACHINEn'ORK ment and correspondinE ,quipment. to ol'.der der, water-cooled motor, such as is used 132 IlIr,K S'I'REE'J'. RO�'I'ON TourinE car IS, 000.00 f. �. h Indian a' olis. on the German Zeppelin dirigibles, is thc most economical and reliable motor for $92.S0-0ur Pri ce A Fine Little "RED DEVIL" Tool to Own this purpose. Such a motor will consume is a combination burner plier, a flat nose and side only about one third of a pint of gasoline for 30 Days! plier all in one. 5 H" long, drop forged tool If It's per horse-power hour, and very much less steel, gun "RED DEVIL" Branded oil than will an air-cooled, revolving-cyl III etaI MECHANICS' "Red inder motor lil,e the Gnome. A 50-hour finished TOOLS ARE SUPERIOR TO Devil " continuous run is nothing out of the ordi handles. ALL OTHERS A very It's Sure nary for one of these airship motors ; but tool for the house, auto-boat, handy to be in order to be absolutely certain of mal, It's just one "RED DEVIL" tool. All good Right have it on sale. Try yours. If you can't E'et it locally. send us 60 cents and ing the crossing, it would be well to have olte sample pair will be sent you postpaid. a second such motor in reserve. SMITH & HEMENWAY CO•• 25 1 Chambers Street. NEW YORK. U. S. A. We now offer the Edwards "Steelcote" Garage (1913 Model) Thlt main point to be taken into con 9 5O t e v sideration in the design of a transatlantic !�!e1 �e Be��\i�I�!i� W;S g��[�:i hi� :e�C;S :ri�:f�� •• aeroplane is the reduction as far as pos �,lY�YS Edwards Fireproof Garage SECRET SANITNo oneARY nct!:d ev�r·· o"�rheur SIMPLE 'yQur An artistic, fireproof steel structure for private use. Givelll convc-rs� t;on. Every bu&in�8£J sible of the head resistance. On this absoltiteprotection from sneak thieves, joy riders, fire, light· ma.n-every phol1euser needs it. ning, aCCIdents, carelessness, etc. Saves $20 to $30 monthly hangs the probability of crossing at the in garage rent. Saves Comes SEND TODAY FOR TilE WHISPERING read)(to set up. All partstime, cut work, and worry fitted. and Simple, t.rouble. complete 1tLEPHONE MODTHPIEC£ maximum speed and the minimum ex directions furnished. Absolutely rustproof. Joints and seams 0-: A dHlce th.u 11I,\1r;"I '�lI phlllfl.t:j! pri. permanently tight. Locks securely. Prompt, safe delivery � . Mt phoni'IJ. QII�'kly allde.liil� 1,,1&:· ea �p:,r� �"ct wiUh.erl. !lIlIt.�dV' ",.1. penditure of fuel (that is, weight). As to and satisfaction guaranteed. Postal sent to·day brings new �) , 56-page illustrated Gar�ge Book (107) the machine itself, this can hardly be con· py return mail B���II.;'r�� t"t:i:P;.�":,:if""�!: THE EOW AltOS MANtJF ACTURING CO. o 662 n'.\htobIQ"lOn .. l'Cl . Chlraco. Eggleston Ave. Cincinnati. Ohio . structed to weigh les:; than Jifteen pounds 642.692 to the horse-power. With fuel, powerful motors, men and supplies added, this weight may increase to as much as thirty ABSOLUTE or forty pounds per horse-power, which would mean a huge machine having 1,200 SAFETY IN TRAVEL to 1,500 square feet of surface and weigh ing complete between three and four tons. An achievement never yet reached. Even the planet may some A t once the question will be asl,ed, time be in a collision-If so, and if there should be afire, we do not whether such a machine has ever been assert that ELECTRENE would put it out. We do claim that for incipient fires NOTHING EQUALS ELECTRENE, and built and flown successfully. ELECTRENE in your trunk- The answer i:;, that some six months ELECTRENE in your automobiie or boat- ago an aero-yacht biplane was constructed ELECTRENE in your home or shop may save valuable property for l\I. Deutsch de la l\Ieurth. Thi:; ma or more valuable lives and will always give you a sense oj securi{y. chine weighed complete with its live load over 6,000 pounds, and, propelled by a 200 ELECTRENE-an Improved Extinguisher horse-power motor, showed a speed of 68 Approved by U. S. Board of Steamboat Inspectors miles an hour. Although a clumsy hull

Notably good for electrical and gasoline fires. was fi.tted benea th the toiplane, excellent Used by New York File Department and many notable institu tipeed wati made with six or eight people. tions alld firms in preference to all extinguishers of this type. With the live load put into fuel, this ma Ask your dealer_ If he doesn't carry Electrene, send us $7.00 chine would be capable of making perhaps for a one quart Electrene. Ask for descriptive catalog. Simple-Handy-Reliable. one third of the distance across the At· Eleetren Simply lantic. resting on turn cupand Another huge hydro-aeroplane that has held by ELECTRENE COMPANY "he Cb.mp Whitehall Building New York City Ncu:zle recently been constructed, and that was sent to l\Ionaco for the meet la:;t month,

� ...... - ...� ....- - , is a huge following-surface biplane, consh.;t I ing of two ;;ets of biplanes mounted UllOtl • I a single hydroplane hull, in which there Its never are two 230 horse-power, six-cylinder mo tors geared by chains to drive a single too late propeller. This huge machine has a spread of nearly eighty feet and weighs to get emllty 9,4GO pounds. I t is, therefore, com a parable in size and weight to the l\Iaxim good machine which was built and flown in England in 1891. and which. had it beell lens mounted upon floats and tried on the Iva ter as it was the intention of l\Ir. l\IaxiliI's -a Te ssa·r chief helper, Henry A. House, to do, wOllld ha ve undoubtedly flown without mishap WHEN YOU BUY ONE OF be instead of being quicldy smashed as it can was when it ripped up the holding-down fitted to guard rail of the track UpOIl which it was tried. This machine, by the way, had 3G3 The 4 u JCx'i�e" Batteries horse-power, con;;isting of a steam engine almost and double propellers. any While neither of these two large hydro aeroplanes just mentioned has been de YOU BUY SERVICE camera signed with the idea of cutting down the head resistance, there is no doubt that And service is what you are really after, Mr. Man. That's where the And with a Tessar you will find with all the experience obtained with economy of quality comes in. You might buy any battery and get a it easier to make sharp. clear dirigible balloons and aeroplanes having certain amount of satisfaction-at first. But it 's the years of satisfaction pictures even in poor light-you streamline bodies, it will be possible to that total up in the profit column-the service that is unfailingly excellent will find that photography is no design a machine having very much less over an extended period of time . • longer a matter of chance as it head resistance than the usual weight was with just an ordinary carrying biplane apparatus of the pres lens. The Four " Extl>e " Batteries are long time batteries. They give a con ent day. tinuity of service superior to that of any other batteries on the market. They are dependable under any extremes of either hot or cold weather. and do not Obtaining Power from a Testing stall on hills nor when starting heavy loads. They give satisfactory service throughout their entire life. Plant

(Concluded from page 408.) If you are about to purchase a new electric truck, or feel that you are not getting is so rapid, so exact, so remarkable in during the test for power purposes. its illuminating power, that it can do things the best service from your present ones, by all means investigate the Four The tractors are belt connected to you have nev!!r been able to expect from " Extl>e " Batteries. One of them is perfectly suited to the service an ordinary lens. Made with scientific shunt-wound generators, mnning in paral requirements of whatever " Electric" you prefer. under whatever conditions accuracy-to give a clear, bright image, lel. This makes a very flexible outfit, it is used. of the quickest mlvement-to work under as each engine load can be regulated by light conditions from which you have been lntere�ing and defaited literature lent on reQuelt, from our neareli lolel office. the rheostat of its genera tor and the load accustomed to get dim results or utter failure. can be increased from small to full load If (10/1 are interested in better as the engine warms up and works into THEELECfRICSToRAGE BATTE RY CO. results, send or Iiteratur8� f the best condition. The fuel and water 1888 PHILADELPHIA 1913 New or� Bo.ton Chicaao St. Louis Cleveland Atlanta Denver Detroit Bausch 8'Lo mb Optical @. supply pipes run to each engine, making Y Los Anlleies San Francisco Seattle Portland. Ore. T oroolo fi2l ST. PAUL ST. ROCHESTER, N. Y. it an easy matter to l,eep the engine tanks 876 " l!!xt'Oe " Distributors 9 If Ext'Oe " DePOts •• £xfbe " Inspection CorPI filled. Each fuel pipe is provided with Use the " Ex(�c " Battery for Gas Car Lighting, Starting or Ignition , •••••••••••••••••• J an individual meter. Suitable stacl,s are arranged for the exhaust gases, and easily adjusted blocks under the drivers hold the tractor in the belt. _lVBRICAns.::: • ANY) H I N 6 ·-:�fl' The changing of a tested tractor is a ·A�TELESCOw&D �MOGEY.�;�� 118_124. No�th CllntoD st. . PLAI�FIELD. N. J, Which Are You matter of five minutes. Fuel and water �. .H.DlSLvaC:Q f.. "::� �tf.U!tA pipes are removed from tanl,s, blocl,s lmocl,ed loose and the stack raised. TIlP. - an investor or a tractor is then run ahead and the belt speculator ? removed. The operations are reversed when running a newly constructed ma q \I you are a speculator, we have chine into belt. nothing that will interest you. BUT- The dynamos are shunt-wound, direct il YOll are an investor; il you seek a definite,. known income NOW rather current 250-\'olt machines. This type b than an indefinite or problematical in used because it h; automatic, to all ex come some time in the uncertain luture, tent, in regulation. If there is any trouble we would like to send you our new with an engine the shunt machine call illustrated Booklet describing New York Real Estate Security Company motor, thus often saving the trouble of starting all engine because of dirty plug;; or some minor trouble. Also in case it is desired to so do, the rheostat can be adjusted to carry a very small load. I<' urther, engines of 30, 40, GO and 80 horse-power are often being tested at one time. This condition would be quite diffi cult to handle with any other type of dynamo. Gold Mortgage All wires are run under the floor in COII Bonds duits from each machine to the bacl, of switchboard. HE FACT that Firestone Denominations : $100, $500, $1000 A balance set is used, as the plant fur T tires are seen wherever Protected by Trust Mortgage nishes current for both light and power. discriminating car owners The balance set is started by means of Interest Payable Semi-Antflally gather is significant. two switches and a rheostat, the field be Mileage unequalled, traction that reduces gas ing permanently connected to the busbars. q These bonds are thoroughly secured oline expense, resiliency that affords comfort by the actual ownership of millions 01 The balance set consists of two 30-ltilo and car protection, and road-grip that prevents dollars' worth 01 high-class, improved, watt generators. The shafts are fiexibly skid. are the compelling reasons for Ihis income_producing city property-located choice. connected, and there has been no meclla on Manhattan Island, New York City, Theboole " What's Whal in TireJ," 6"H. S. the most valuable and most pro nical trouble whatever. The overload FireJlone /iilJe3 lh. buildin/i ddai/s. Wrile! or iI. ductive'areaofits size in the world. capacity is large, as a number of large The Firestone Tire and Rubber Co. q The Bonds appeal only to conservative ' motors have been constructed that rUII "America's Lorgest Exclusive 1ireand Rim Malters" Investors. with 220-volt field and 110 to 220-volt Akron. Ohio All Lane Citi e. q Complete inlormation will be sent free armature current. on request. Write today-be sure to ask The power generated is used for rUIl lor Booklet 23. ning a machine shop, two foundries and various machines and lights about thp NEW YORK REAL ESTATE plant. Two 20 and .wo 10-ton cranes. two 50 horse-power air compressors and large SECURITY CO. heating fan motor� are some of the hea y A.... et.. Over $17.000.000 ier motor loads. These machines and Capital Stock $3.950.000 lights, of course, cause a great variation 42 BROADWAY NEW YORK in the load, frequently varying it 100 per cent within a short time.