Society of Antiquaries Portmahomack on Tarbat Ness
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Society of Antiquaries of Scotland Portmahomack on Tarbat Ness: Changing Ideologies in North-East Scotland, Sixth to Sixteenth Century AD by Martin Carver, Justin Garner-Lahire and Cecily Spall ISBN: 978-1-908332-09-7 (hbk) • ISBN: 978-1-908332-16-5 (PDF) Except where otherwise noted, this work is published under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommerical 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC 4.0). This license allows you to share, copy, distribute and transmit the work and to adapt the work for non-commercial purposes, providing attribution is made to the authors (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work). Attribution should include the following information: Carver, M, Garner-Lahire, J & Spall, C 2016 Portmahomack on Tarbat Ness: Changing Ideologies in North-East Scotland, Sixth to Sixteenth Century AD. Edinburgh: Society of Antiquaries of Scotland. Available online via the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland: https://doi.org/10.9750/9781908332165 Please note: Please note that the illustrations listed on the following page are not covered by the terms of the Creative Commons license and must not be reproduced without permission from the listed copyright holders. Every effort has been made to contact the copyright holders for all third-party material reproduced in this volume. The Society of Antiquaries of Scotland would be grateful to hear of any errors or omissions. Society of Antiquaries of Scotland Portmahomack on Tarbat Ness: Changing Ideologies in North-East Scotland, Sixth to Sixteenth Century AD by Martin Carver, Justin Garner-Lahire and Cecily Spall ISBN: 978-1-908332-09-7 (hbk) • ISBN: 978-1-908332-16-5 We are grateful to the following for permission to reproduce images, and remind readers that the following third-party material is not covered by the Creative Commons license. Permission must be sought to reproduce all material listed below. The following is the final and correct list of picture credits, and supersedes those listed on p xii of the book’s preliminary materials. Any material not listed below are © University of York and FAS Heritage, from whom permission must be sought to reproduce the images. Kerstin and Ian Keillar: 1.9, 5.10.7; Tomás Ó Carragáin: 5.3.49b; Tarbat Historic Trust: 5.7.10a; Stadtsbibliothek Nurnberg: 5.6.16c; Shirley Curtis- Summers: 3.25, 5.2.7; Sackler Library in Oxford (Bodleian Libraries): 5.3.48a; Royal Library of Copenhagen: 5.6.16B; Niall Sharples (illustration by Ian Dennis): 5.9.4; National Museums Scotland: 5.7.9a, 5.7.9b, 6.5d, 6.26; National Museums Scotland (photo by T.E. Gray): 5.3.3, 5.3.4, 5.3.5, 5.3.7, 5.3.8, 5.3.9; Corpus of Anglo-Saxon Stone Sculpture: 5.3.48d, 5.3.50a, 5.3.48b, 5.3.48e, 5.3.50b; Jesse Meyer, Pergamena Parchment and Leathers, Montgomery, NY: 5.6.16f; Eleanora Destefanis: 5.3.46; Ewan Campbell (illustration by Howard Mason): 4.23 (middle right); David Longley and Lloyd Laing: 4.23 (bottom right); Archaeological Consultancy Services Ltd and Neil Carlin: 4.4; University of Aberdeen: 5.3.10 (bottom right); National Monuments Service Dept. of Culture, Heritage, and the Gaeltacht; 5.3.49c; Historic Environment Scotland (T.E. Gray Collection): 1.8, 5.3.10, 5.3.13, 5.3.15, 5.3.16, 5.3.18, 5.3.26, 5.3.27, 5.3.43, 5.3.52, 5.8.2; Historic Environment Scotland (Ian G Scott Collection): 5.3.2, 5.3.5, 5.3.10, 5.3.15, 5.3.32, 5.3.44, 5.3.51, 5.3.53; Historic Environment Scotland: 5.10.9b, 5.10.9c; Crown Copyright: HES: 1.4, 5.4.1; HES (RAF Air Photographs Collection): 4.11; Staatsbibliothek Bamberg: 5.6.16a; National Museum of Ireland: 5.7.10c, 5.7.11; Gemeindebibliothek Mals: 5.3.46 (bottom left); Crown Copyright PART: 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.7, 2.8, 2.18, 2.23, 3.1, 3.2, 3.4, 3.9, 3.14, 3.15, 3.17, 3.18, 3.19, 3.20, 3.28, 4.1, 4.6, 4.7, 4.9, 4.12, 4.13, 4.14, 4.24, 4.25, 4.26, 4.30, 5.1.1, 5.2.1, 5.3.11, 5.4.2, 5.5.1, 5.5.2, 5.5.3, 5.5.7, 5.5.9, 5.7.1, 5.7.3, 5.8.1, 6.1, 6.2, 7.1, 7.20, 7.24, 7.25; Crown Copyright WHOLE: 7.33 PORTMAHOMACK ON TARBAT NESS Digest 4.1 INVENTORY OF BURIAL DATA Sarah King and Shirley Curtis-Summers (University of Liverpool) Table D4.1 3 1 2 date (AD) date 14 Burial type C Burial Interv Feature Context Period Condition Completeness (%) Sex range Age (yrs) Sub-adult Age (assessed) Age Stature (cm) Stature (ft/in) Pathology 1 17 20 1079 4 Good 25–50 Probable Adult 168.72 5.6 Periostitis, OA, Trauma (?) male 2 17 56 1163 4 Good >75 unsexed 1.1–2.5 1.5 yrs Calculus, Cribra Orbitalia, Rickets (?) 3 17 24 1084 4 Fair 25–50 unsexed 10.6–14.5 10–12 yrs 4 17 39 1122 5 Good 50–75 unsexed 0–1 1–2 Shrouded mths 5 17 25 1085 4 Fair 50–75 Female 46–59 146.46 4.9 6 17 22 1081 5 Good 50–75 unsexed 0–1 6–9 Rickets. Scurvy (?) mths 7 17 21 1077 4 Good 25–50 unsexed 2.6–6.5 3 yrs 8 17 34 1117 4 Good <25 Probable 18–25 174.63 5.9 Osgood-Schlatter’s Coffined male 9 17 45 1139 4 Very 25–50 Probable 46–59 172.36 5.8 Coffined good male 10 17 40 1124 4 Good <25 unsexed 6.6–10.5 7.7 yrs 11 17 36 1098 4 Fair 25–50 unsexed 2.6–6.5 6 yrs 12 17 35 1119 5 Fair >75 unsexed 0–1 2 mths Scurvy 13 17 39 1138 5 Fair >75 unsexed 0–1 3–12 Scurvy mths 14 17 27 1101 4 Fair 50–75 unsexed 1.1–2.5 2.5 yrs 15 17 41 1128 5 Fair <25 unsexed 1.1–2.5 1.5 yrs 16 17 28 1103 4 Fair >75 unsexed 6.6–10.5 10.5 Shrouded yrs 17 17 7 1127 5 Poor >75 Male 36–45 167.68 5.6 Coffined 18 17 33 1114 4 Good 50–75 Male 36–45 170.80 5.7 Shrouded 19 17 54 1158 4 Matched up with Burial 31 20 17 49 1145 4 Fair <25 Probable 46–59 149.69 4.10 female 21 20 75 1196 4 Fair >75 unsexed 2.6–6.5 6 yrs Cribra Orbitalia Coffined 22 17 50 1148 5 Poor 25–50 unsexed 0-0.5 0–6 Infection (Ribs) mths 23 17 7 1108 5 Good >75 Female 46–59 165.09 5.5 Coffined and shrouded 24 17 43 1133 4 Good 25–50 Probable 14.6–17 male 25 17 26 1099 4 Fair >75 Male 46–59 162.74 5.4 SJD, DJD, Caries, Calculus, Sacralisation Shrouded 26 17 55 1162 4 Poor 50–75 unsexed 0–1 1–2 Scurvy Coffined mths 27 17 38 1120 4 Good >75 unsexed 10.6–14.5 9.6 yrs Shrouded 28 17 44 1135 4 Fair 25–50 Female 46–59 159.98 5.3 Entheseal changes 29 17 77 1213 5 Fair 25–50 unsexed 1.1–2.5 2.5 yrs D20 DIGEST OF EVIDENCE 3 1 2 date (AD) date 14 Burial type C Burial Interv Feature Context Period Condition Completeness (%) Sex range Age (yrs) Sub-adult (ft/in) Pathology Age (assessed) Age Stature (cm) Stature 30 17 76 1209 4 Good >75 Male 36–45 176.13 5.9 Craniosynostosis, OA (ACC joints; R. StC Coffined; six joint, S. Iliac joints). Entheses R. CC lig. Non skulls with union of C1 foramina Burial 36 31 17 42 1130 4 Fair >75 Male 36–45 159.94 5.3 OA? (R. ACC joint); C1-S5 caudal shift 32 17 30 1106 4 Poor 25–50 Male 60+ 169.84 5.7 33 17 79 1224 5 Fair >75 unsexed 0–1 3–4 Scurvy mths 34 17 51 1152 4 Poor 50–75 Male 46–59 167.56 5.6 Vert and R.Shoulder OA 35 17 82 1225 4 Good >75 Male 18–25 175.48 5.9 Shrouded 36 17 76 1214 4 Fair >75 Male 46–59 180.29 5.11 OA, DJD, SJD, Dental, Cranial Blade wounds Coffined; six skulls with Burial 30 37 17 32 1102 4 Fair >75 Male 26–35 157.54 5.2 DEH, Calculus, Caries 38 17 99 1272 2 Fair >75 Male 46–59 170.28 5.7 Neoplasm, SJD, Dental, periostitis Prob. shrouded 39 17 96 1265 2 Fair <25 Probable Adult 168.08 5.6 Fracture: R. Proximal Fibula male 40 17 120 1304 2 Fair >75 Male 46–59 174.44 5.9 41 17 84 1233 4 Poor 50–75 Male 18–25 OA (?), Dental disease, Bifid neural arch, Shrouded Nasal concha bullosa, Kyphosis(?) 42 17 108 1288 2 Fair 25–50 Male 46–59 177.55 5.10 L. Rib Fracture, OA, SJD, DJD, Spina bifida Head occulta, Dental Support 43 17 83 1228 4 FAIR 50–75 Male 46–59 172.62 5.8 SJD, Dental disease Coffined, clothed, shod 44 17 94 1261 2 Fair <40 Male 46–59 Head support 45 17 107 1285 2 Fair <50 Male 46–59 170.86 5.7 Head support 46 17 91 1254 1 Good <40 Male Adult 172.10 5.8 Long Cist 47 17 98 1271 2 Good 25–50 Male 26–35 173.63 5.8 Dental, Entheses 48 17 89 1250 2 Fair 25–50 Probable 36–45 166.32 5.5 Entheses: L4, Calcanei male 49 17 90 1252 4 Poor <25 Probable Adult 166.22 5.5 Shrouded? female 50 17 101 1274 2 Fair <25 Probable Adult 163.98 5.5 male 51 17 102 1276 2 Fair 50–75 Male 36–45 163.91 5.5 Fracture (R.