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Field Trip Guidebook: Geology and Hydrocarbon Deposits of the Santa Maria, Cuyama, Taft-Mckittrick, and Edna Oil Districts, Coast Ranges, California1

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Field Trip Guidebook: Geology and Hydrocarbon Deposits of the Santa Maria, Cuyama, Taft-Mckittrick, and Edna Oil Districts, Coast Ranges, California1 Appendix: Field Trip Guidebook: Geology and Hydrocarbon Deposits of the Santa Maria, Cuyama, Taft-McKittrick, and Edna Oil Districts, Coast Ranges, California1 Prepared by field trip committee: Thomas W. Dibblee, Jr. Robert L. Johnston James W. Earley Richard F. Meyer INTRODUCTION: GEOLOGIC SETTING OF THE of this series are shown on Figure 5, and the regional COAST RANGE PROVINCE OF CALIFORNIA stratigraphy is discussed in later paragraphs. In the Coast Range province, the sedimentary series The field trip area is in the southeasternmost part of overlies both oceanic and continental basement com­ the Coast Range province of California (Figs. 1,2) plexes (Fig. 5). The Coast Range ophiolite complex is between the Santa Maria Valley on the coast and the composed of mafic igneous rocks (mostly basalt, dia­ southernmost part of the Great Valley province. base, pyioxenite, and serpentinite) of late Mesozoic The Coast Range province is a segment of the struc­ age. Thi: mafic complex is thought to be part of the turally very complex borderland mobile belt that oceanic crust, and where present it forms the oceanic passes through western California (Fig. 3). This seg­ basement platform of the sedimentary series. ment is an unstable "pliant zone" in which the base­ The ophiolite complex is underlain structurally by ment complexes of California and the overlying sedi­ the Fran:iscan assemblage (Fig. 5), an enormously mentary series are severely deformed (Dibblee, 1977). thick series of eugeosynclinal sedimentary and some This zone is essentially a fold belt formed along a mafic voicanic rocks of late Mesozoic age. The Francis­ former, complex subduction zone on which the Pacific can was deposited in the oceanic trench, subducted oceanic plate was subducted eastward under North eastward in an imbrication of shear zones (Fig. 4) America during late Mesozoic time (Fig. 4). The mobile under the ophiolite complex, submetamorphosed belt developed during the Cenozoic era when the under high pressure-low temperature conditions, and Pacific plate was shifting northward with respect to injected <vith serpentinized intrusions. The whole was the North American plate approximately along this presumably subducted under the continental basement former subduction zone. During this diastrophism the complex of North America. This intense diastrophism San Andreas fault and related parallel faults with has dismembered much of the Franciscan assemblage right-lateral movement evolved within this mobile into a plastic melange, the subduction complex (Figs. 4, belt. The severe deformation of the rock units and 5). Grav ty studies suggest that this in turn is under­ complex stratigraphy within this belt are in marked lain by high-density mafic igneous rocks that make up contrast to conditions that prevailed in the Great Val­ the ocea tic crust. ley province to the east, in which the sedimentary ser­ The continental basement is composed of granitic ies is generally undeformed. intrusive rocks of Mesozoic age that include pendants The sedimentary series of the Coast Range and of severely deformed metamorphic rocks of Mesozoic Great Valley provinces is composed of marine and ter­ age and older. The continental basement forms the restrial formations of Cretaceous and Cenozoic ages, present Sierra Nevada and Klamath mountains and deposited offshore and onshore near the Pacific Ocean underlie > the sedimentary series of the eastern and shoreline of North America. The major regional units central parts of the Great Valley. The granitic intrusive belt of this basement complex forms the magmatic arc (Fig. 4) cf western North America, and is of low den­ sity witf respect to the high-density oceanic crust. Adapted from Field Trip Guidebook prepared for the AAPG Research Conference Exploration for Heavy Crude Oil and Bitumen, The California mobile belt through the Coast Range October 29-November 2, 1984, Santa Maria, CA. province may have formed in Eocene time but probably 6 8 5 Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/3931412/9781629811406_backmatter.pdf by guest on 29 September 2021 686 Dibblee, Johnston, Earley, Meyer Geomorphic Provinces OF CALIFORNIA Generalized Geologic Units Cretoceous sedimentary rocks Mesozoic Franciscan-Knosvllle group Mesozoic-Paleozoic metomorphic ond granitic rocks Precombrion to Recent rock + ' + 1 compiei of the BASIN-RANGE 6 MOJAVE DESERT iure& ZA & 2B Figure 1— Geomorphic provinces and generalized geologic map of California. Location of some cities: 1, San Francisco; 2, Sacramento; 3, Santa Maria; 4, Bakersfield; 5, Los Angeles (from California Geology, v. 35, n. 10, October 1982). Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/3931412/9781629811406_backmatter.pdf by guest on 29 September 2021 APPENDIX. Field Trip Guidebook 687 Figure 2A—Western portion. Road map showing route of field trip from Santa Maria to Getty oil shale mill at McKittrick and route to Edna Oil field and tar sands. in Oligocene, when subduction became converted to The Salinian block is a strip of continental granitic right-lateral shear diastrophism. This segment of the and metamorphic basement overlain by unmetamor­ mobile belt seems to have formed along the belt of the phosed Ute Cretaceous and Cenozoic sedimentary Franciscan subduction complex (Fig. 4). Because this rocks within the Coast Range province of the Califor­ complex is so severely sheared, it reacted to subse­ nia mobile belt (Fig. 3). This block is bounded by the quent right-lateral compressive shear stress as a plastic San Andreas fault on the northeast and by the Naci- mass, in contrast to the comparatively rigid basement miento-southern Rinconada fault on the southwest platform to the east. Much of the lateral shear move­ (Figs. 1, 3). The adjacent blocks are areas within this ment took place along the San Andreas fault, which mobile belt in which the Franciscan subduction com­ has been active since Oligocene or even Eocene time. plex and ophiolitic complex form the basement core This great fault started from the northern extremity (Fig. 1). of the East Pacific spreading ridge under the Gulf of In the segment within the field trip areas of Figures California-Salton trough area, in continental basement 6-10, th ? Salinian block is composed of Mesozoic gra­ terrane. Northwestward from the intersection with nitic basement unconformably overlain by an enor­ the Garlock fault, the San Andreas fault extends more mously hick lower Tertiary-uppermost Cretaceous or less diagonally into the mobile belt of the Coast marine turbidite series, in turn unconformably over- Range province (Fig. 3). About 500 km (300 mi) of lain by middle and late Cenozoic sedimentary cumulative right slip on the San Andreas fault during formations. the Cenozoic Era displaced a strip of continental gra­ In summary, it may be said that the Coast Ranges nitic basement into this segment of the mobile belt to formed rom the mobile belt along the continental form the Salinian block (Fig. 3). border. The ranges emerged from the sea and evolved Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/3931412/9781629811406_backmatter.pdf by guest on 29 September 2021 688 Dibblee, Johnston, Earley, Meyer from compression associated with right-lateral shear merge into the east-trending Transverse Range. In the movements along major faults of the San Andreas Transverse Range province the San Andreas fault is fault system during Quaternary time. These move­ bent eastward, presumably by left-lateral drag effects ments were preceded in Tertiary time by development on the Garlock fault zone. Southeast of the intersec­ of localized, deeply subsided, marine sedimentary ba­ tion of these master faults the mobile belt is largely sins such as the Santa Maria, Salinas-Caliente, and southwest of the San Andreas fault (Fig. 3). southern San Joaquin basins, separated by ancestral compressive uplifts within this evolving mobile belt. In contrast, the Great Valley and Sierra Nevada prov­ STRATIGRAPHY OF THE SEDIMENTARY SERIES inces (Fig. 1) together evolved in late Mesozoic- AND ITS HYDROCARBON DEPOSITS Cenozoic time as a great westward-tilting block of rigid basement rocks that resisted deformation. The The late Mesozoic-Cenozoic sedimentary series (Fig. Sierra Nevada is the elevated eastern part, and the 5) overlying the basement complexes in California is a Great Valley is the depressed western part, filled with thick, uniform sequence in the Great Valley province a westward-thickening, continuously deposited, nearly and is exposed by uplift and erosion in a more highly undeformed sedimentary series derived largely from deformed state in the Coast Range province. The stra­ the rising Sierra Nevada. tigraphy of the six areas of the field trip route is As strikingly shown on Figure 1, the Great Valley shown on Figure 11. Of these areas, the Cuyama dis­ and Sierra Nevada provinces are terminated on the trict is in the Salinian block of granitic basement, here south by the Garlock fault, but west of the intersec­ bounded by the Rinconada and San Andreas faults of tion with the San Andreas fault the Coast Ranges Figures 6 and 9. Adjacent areas to the southwest and Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/3931412/9781629811406_backmatter.pdf by guest on 29 September 2021 APPENDIX. Field Trip Guidebook 689 Figure 3— San Andreas fault system of northwest-trending right-slip faults within borderland mobile belt (dotted pattern) of western and southern California.
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