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Diversité, Biogéographie Et Écologie Des Collodaires (Radiolaires) Dans L’Océan Mondial Tristan Biard

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Diversité, Biogéographie Et Écologie Des Collodaires (Radiolaires) Dans L’Océan Mondial Tristan Biard Diversité, biogéographie et écologie des Collodaires (Radiolaires) dans l’océan mondial Tristan Biard To cite this version: Tristan Biard. Diversité, biogéographie et écologie des Collodaires (Radiolaires) dans l’océan mondial. Océanographie. Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2015. Français. NNT : 2015PA066490. tel-01298213 HAL Id: tel-01298213 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01298213 Submitted on 5 Apr 2016 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. THÈSE DE DOCTORAT DE L’UNIVERSITÉ PIERRE ET MARIE CURIE Spécialité : Océanographie biologique École Doctorale Sciences de la Nature et de l’Homme : évolution et écologie Présentée par M. Tristan Biard Pour obtenir le grade de DOCTEUR DE L’UNIVERSITÉ PIERRE ET MARIE CURIE Sujet de la thèse : Diversité, biogéographie et écologie des Collodaires (Radiolaires) dans l’océan mondial Soutenue le Lundi 14 décembre 2015, devant le jury composé de : Purificación López-García, Directrice de recherches Rapporteur Université Paris-Sud/CNRS, Orsay Michael Sieracki, Directeur de recherches Rapporteur National Science Foundation, Etats-Unis Delphine Bonnet, Maître de conférences Examinateur Université de Montpellier John Dolan, Directeur de recherches Examinateur Observatoire Océanologique de Villefranche-sur-Mer/ UPMC-CNRS Lars Stemmann, Professeur co-Directeur Observatoire Océanologique de Villefranche-sur-Mer/ UPMC-CNRS Fabrice Not, Chargé de recherches Directeur de Thèse Station Biologique de Roscoff/ UPMC-CNRS A mes grands-parents, Claude et Pierre… …Telles des muses, vous m’avez bercé de vos douces et sages paroles… …me poussant inévitablement vers la découverte de la science et de ses merveilles. Remerciements Avant tout je tiens à remercier l'Université Pierre et Marie Curie qui a financé ce projet de thèse pendant ces trois années (Projet Émergence-UPMC, « DESIR »). Cette thèse a également bénéficié du projet JST-CNRS, programme d’échange entre le Dr. Fabrice Not et le Dr. Noritoshi Suzuki. Je voudrais également exprimer ma reconnaissance aux membres de mon jury de thèse qui ont accepté de lire et juger mes travaux. I would also like to thank the president of my PhD committee, Pr. Xabier Irigoien. Thank you very much for the time you invested and for the advices you gave me. Mes premiers remerciements iront tout naturellement à mes deux chefs, directeurs, mentors, gourous, hommes aux multiples casquettes donc, Fabrice et Lars. Fabrice, merci pour ta confiance, ton soutien, ta rigueur et pour m’avoir fait découvrir ce monde fabuleux des Radiolaires, ou devrais-je souligner, des Radiolaires vivants ! Cette thèse fut pour moi une véritable aventure scientifique et humaine à tes côtés. Merci de m’avoir donné l’opportunité de voyager aux quatre coins du monde, Japon, États-Unis, Turquie, pour y découvrir des Radiolaires aux accents étrangers. Je me rappellerai avec émotion de ces expériences culinaires japonaises/turques ou du dépaysement nocturne japonais. Nos chemins se recroiseront, pour sur ! Lars, malgré nos trop rares rencontres villefranchoises, j’ai vraiment apprécié t’avoir à mes côtés (à distance certes) pendant ces trois années. Merci pour ton accueil à chacune de mes visites à Villefranche et pour le regard critique que tu as pu porter sur mes travaux. J’espère sincèrement pouvoir continuer à utiliser votre UVP par la suite, j’en prendrais 10 actions une fois coté en bourse ! Cette belle aventure humaine des Collodaires m’a permis de travailler avec des personnes fantastiques, de tout horizon et de multiples pays : Loïc Pillet, « Dieu’le barge », fanatique suisse de la phylogénie et brasseur en devenir. Merci pour ton aide, ta gentillesse, ta bonne humeur inégalable et la légèreté que tu as apportée à cette secte des radiolaristes. Estelle « Bigeard-Bigeard », sans ton aide cette fin de thèse aurait eu une tout autre tournure ! Tu fus la touche féminine de cette secte, toi le ying et nous le yang ! Ian Probert, pipette maniac and amazing colleague! Thank you mate! You are my favourite symbiont hunter! Catch them all, culture them all! Thank you for all the good time we shared around the world! However, I really tried not to put too many “therefore”, even though I could not consequently say a big thank! This PhD could not have been done without the outstanding help of Noritoshi Suzuki (Nori). ありが とう. Your knowledge on Radiolarian is simply awesome and a bit scary sometime! I really hope I could make it to INTERRAD 2017 in Japan! Andres Gutierrez, the Spanish touch for our rad crew!! Gracias! I learn much from you! Thank you for making me discover the beautiful city of San Diego and the famous Scripps! Raffaele Siano, tout droit venue de cette belle Italie! Grazie mille ! Merci d’avoir été une oreille attentive à mes travaux, doutes et déprimes passagères ! Grâce à ta passion des dinos, j’ai pu retravailler sur mes amours premiers et j’ai hâte que l’on dévoile l’existence de G. kinokoii ! Je sais ce que j’ai à faire après ma thèse ! Merci à Johan et Camille d’avoir côtoyé mes travaux, de près ou de loin ! From Japan, Germany or USA Mes différents voyages à l’étranger, en plus de me permettre de sortir du quotidien boulot/dodo (et pas métro vu la taille de Roscoff), m’ont fait rencontrer des gens merveilleux. I would like to thank Yas, Tuji san, Aita san, thank you for your warm welcome in Japan and for the good time we shared during our summer Oshoro-Maru cruise 2013. I would also like to thank Mark Ohman and Mike Landry for giving me the opportunity the join de CCE 2014 cruise off California. This cruise was an outstanding scientific and human experience. I really hope that we will have the opportunity to work together in the future. Même si ces collaborations n’ont pas entraîné de voyage, parfois à mon grand dam, j’ai eu le privilège de travailler sur le projet UVP avec Rainer Kiko, Pieter Vandromme et Helena Hausse, vielen dank. Roscoff Déjà trois ans passés dans ce petit village de corsaire et dans cette fabuleuse station, où j’ai côtoyé une multitude de personnes fantastiques. Mes premiers remerciements iront à celles qui, mine de rien, nous rendent d’énormes services. Un grand merci à Céline, Léna, Brigitte et Christine, une thèse sans vous serait sacrément chaotique. Commence maintenant la longue liste des personnes merveilleuses du groupe plancton ! Merci aux filles, Jaja, Sarah, Pris, Flo, Momo, Roseline, Marie, on devrait vous offrir des palmes d’or pour le travail colossal que vous faites, je veux bien entendu parler du soutien moral aux futur-docteurs errant à la recherche de café et d’oreilles attentives ! Je saurai garder ces bons moments en mémoire pour me rappeler de ma thèse. Un grand merci également à Anne-Claire, garde ta gentillesse et ta joie de vivre ! Je voudrais aussi remercier Laure, Nathalie, Daniel, Domi, Loh, Christophe, Fred et Christian, vous êtes fantastiques et je regrette de n’avoir pu partager plus avec vous tous ! J’ai une pensée émue pour mes compagnons de peine doctorale, Justine (almost it !), Hugo-fu Panda, Théophile Gribouille, David (ce regard !), Laura (lala), Klervi K, Margot T, Nicolas H, Sarah B, mais aussi mes anciens compagnons Aliou (l’unique et le seul), Greg F, Domi B, Matthieu et Lourdes. Un grand merci aux autres roscovites, cdd, cdi, thésard, post-doc, master de passage, qui ont pu m’aider ou avec qui j’ai pu partager de bons moments : Adriana, Alexis, Ambre, Anaïs, Angélique, Delphine, Garf, Laure, Marine, Maxime, Momette, Romain, Suzel, Thibault et Valoche. Villefranche-sur-Mer Je tiens à exprimer toute ma reconnaissance aux différents membres de la station marine de Villefranche-sur-Mer qui sont intervenus, de près ou de loin dans ma thèse. Je veux notamment remercier Marc Picheral, merci pour tes conseils éclairés sur l’imagerie in situ, mais aussi pour ces 4 semaines californiennes et leurs pauses café « français » philosophiques sur le pont du Melville. Un grand merci à Amanda Elineau qui aura mené de bout en bout 1 an et demi d’échantillonnage bimensuel. J’associe à ces remerciements Jean-Yves Carval et Jean-Luc Prévost, les deux marins grâce à qui cet échantillonnage, ou nos différentes sorties ponctuelles, n’auraient pu avoir lieu. Je tenais également à remercier Fabien Lombard et Katia Testard, qui se sont battus à maintes reprises pour nous faire des go-fast de Collodaires vivants entre Villefranche et Roscoff !! Un immense merci à Jean-Olivier Irisson pour ses précieux conseils (R, stats, et j’en passe…), à Lionel Guidi pour ses conseils avisés et la bonne humeur partagée à Grenade, et enfin Sakina Ayata, merci pour ton aide, ta gentillesse, tu es la bienvenue à Roscoff quand tu veux ! Enfin, un grand grand merci à Martine Fiorini pour les nombreux échanges de publications ou tout simplement pour nos conversations enrichissantes. Mes nombreux séjours villefranchois ont été égayés par de nombreuses personnes, Robin, Laure, Ronan, Paul, Lindsey, Fanny et ceux que j’oublie. Merci ! Mon initiation d’océanographe trouve son origine à Villefranche-sur-Mer, où trois personnes merveilleuses ont su m’infuser leurs passions et leurs savoirs. Rodolphe Lemée, Sophie Marro et John Dolan, je vous vouerai une reconnaissance éternelle pour m’avoir permis de me lancer dans ce monde merveilleux qu’est l’océanographie ! Je garderai une place particulière dans mon cœur pour les petits dinos ! J’espère sincèrement pouvoir retravailler avec vous dans le futur.
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