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Intestin Moyen) Des Gonyleptomorphi (Arachnida, Opilionida)

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Intestin Moyen) Des Gonyleptomorphi (Arachnida, Opilionida) RECHERCHES MORPHOLOGIQUES SUR L'APPAREIL DIGESTIF (INTESTIN MOYEN) DES GONYLEPTOMORPHI (ARACHNIDA, OPILIONIDA). par DAN DUMITRESCU Extrait des« Travaux du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle Grigore Antipa» Vol. XVII 1976 Bucarest ... RECHERCHES MORPHOLOGIQUES SUR L'APPAREIL DIGESTIF (INTESTIN MOYEN) DES GONYLEPTOMORPHI (ARACHNIDA, OPILIONIDA) DA r DUMITRESCU The author presents a comparative stndy npon the intestinal complex in 19 species of Opilionids belonging to 9 families and 2 snperfamilies (Travunoidea and Conyleptoidea). The intestinal complex in the families Stygnidae, Travnniidae, Paranonychidae, P entany­ chidae and Synthetonychidae is described as first. This complex is able to give sorne indications on the phylctic ro~ition of the fam i ies. The morphology of the intestinal complex of Opilionids oeems lo be a good criterilnm for the classification of these Arachnids in the 3 sub-order s of the classical system: Cyphoph tha­ lmi, Laniatores and Palpatores. L'intestin moyen des Gonyleptomorphi a fait l'objet d'étude pour So r c n sr n (1879), Loman (1903), Kastner (1934) ct Du rn i- t rf' sc u (1974). Ainsi, S ore n s e n fait des observations sur l'appareil digestif d'une Pspèec de la famille néotropicale des Gonyleptidae, Paragonyleptes uncinatus (Sorenscn) et mentionne que le complexe intestinal se compose de 4 paires de cœcums. L o rn au étudie C'->mparativement l'intestin moyen chez différ entes (·spèccs placérs dans 3 sou s-ordres : Laniatores, Insidiatores f't Palpatores. Des Laniatores, l'auteur porte ses recherches sur Pachy lus chilensis (Gray ), Tumbesia juliginosa Loman (fam. Gonyleptidae) et Gnomulus sumatranus (fam. Oncopodidae). Chez les Insidiatores, sous-ordre crée par L o rn an t• ,r-Iusivement pour les Opilions de la famille des Triaenonychidae, l'auteur étudie le complexe intestinal dans des espèces des genres Larifuga Loman, Acumontia Loman ct A daeum Karsch chez lesquelles il constate une faible ramification des cœcums intestinaux. En ce qui con cerne l'importance de l'étude de l'appareil digestif pour la syst ématique des Opilions, L orna n fait la m ention suivante : , Mein Urtheil geht somit dahin, dass zwar d as System der Blindsacke unserer Thierc vergleichcnd anatomisch recht ver­ schieden gestaltet ist , jedoch durchaus keinc Anhaltspunkte für Systematik bictet. N aheverwandte Gattungen derselbcn Familien besitzen grund ver­ schieden Rohrverlauf, weit entfernte Arten sogar aus verschiedenen Unter· ordnungen, sind in dies er Hinsicht ahnlich gebaut" (op. cit., p. 161). K a s t n er (op. cit.) publie une étude comparative de l'intestin moyen ch ez des espèces appartenant à 7 familles dont 4 (Phalangodidae, Trav. jUus. Rist. N at. << Gr. Antipa ~. Vol. 17, p. 17-30. 18 DAN DUMITRESCU Cosmetidae, Gonyleptidac et Triaenonychidae) sont placées parmi les Gony· leptomorphi (sensu Si 1 ha v y, 1960); exception faite pour les Triaenony· chidae, l'auteur remarque l'uniformité du complexe intestinal dans ce groupe flcs familles: Dans un travail antérieur (Du mitres cu, 1974) nous avons décrit cc complexe dans la famille des Ercbomastridac. MATÉRIEL ET MÉTHODE Pour cette étude nous avons utilisé un matériel d'Opilions appartenant à 9 familles, groupées en deux superfamilles. Superfamille des GONYLEPTOIDEA: Libitioides ornata (Wood, 1868) 1 ~ -U.S.A., Texas, Jim Wells County, Alice; Vonones compressus (Cam­ hridge, 1904) 1 ~ -Mexico, Chichen ltza, Yuc.,; Roquettea singularis Mello­ Leitao, 1d'- Brésil, Est. do Para, Belém) (fam. Cosmetidae); Kimula ( Metakimula) botosaneanui Avram, 1970 1 ~ -Cuba, Cueva del Fustete; Paramitraceras hispidulus Cambridge, 1905 1 ~- British Honduras, N. Bel­ mopan (fam. Phalangodidae); Umtaliella rhodesiensis Lawrence, 1934 1 d'­ Mozambique, Gorongonza Mountain (fam. Assamiidae); Saramaciopsis har· pachyloides H.E.M. Soares, 1972 1 ~ -Brésil, Est. do Para, Belém, subfam. Stygnoleptinae; Metarthrodes speciosus Rœwer, 1913 1 ~ -Brésil Est. de Santa Catarina, Rio das Pedras, subfam. Caelopyginae; Hugoesia lopesi H. E. M. Soares, 1968 1 d'- Brésil, Brasilia, D.F., subfam. Gonyleptinac (fam. Gonyleptidae); Protimesius capito Soares et Soares, 1972 1 d',- Brésil, Est. do Bahia, Municipio Itajiba, Fazenda Pedra Bianca (fam. Stygnidae). Superfamillc des TRAVUNOIDEA: Peltonychia japonica Miyosi, 1957 1 d'- Japon, Mt. Ishizuchi; Speleonychia sengeri Briggs, 1974 1 ~ -U.S.A., Washington, ielsen's Cave, 18 km W Trout Lake, Skamania County (fam. Travuniidae); Synthetonychia sp. 1 d'- Nouvelle-Zélande, Westland, South ls., Mawhcra (fa m. Synthetonychidae); Adaeulum areolatum Pocock, 1903 1 ~' R ep. Sud-Africaine, Port Alfred, East Cape; Larifuga weberi Loman, 1898 1 ~' Rep. Sud-Africaine, Knysa, Cape Province; Sclerobunus nondimor­ phicus Briggs, 1971 1 ~- U.S.A., Washington, Easten Kittitas County; Zuma awta Goodnight et Goodnight, 1942 1 juv. - U.S.A., California, Big Sur, Monterey County, sousfam. Triaenonychinae; Paranonychus brunneus Briggs, 1971 1 ~- U.S.A., Washington, Skamania County, sousfam. Para­ nonychinae (fam. Triaenonychidae); Pentanychus bilobatus Briggs, 1971 1 d' - U.S.A., Lane County (fam. Pentanychidac). RÉSULTATS Dans le seul travail concernant le développement embryonnaire ct po.st-embryonnairc chez une espèce des Gonyleptomorphes (M u ii o z - Cu ev as, 1971), on mentionne que la partie dorsale du vitelus se segmente au niveau de ses bords latéraux, procès qui conduit à la délimitation des 3 futurs cœcums intestinaux. APPAHEIL DIGESTIF DES GONYLEPTOMOHPHI (OPILIONJDA) 19 Si l'on tient compte de ces données, on peut considérer que les Opi­ lions placés dans le sous-ordre des Gonyleptomorphi présentent 3 paires de diverticules intestinaux, une située dans le prosoma et deux au niveau de l'opistosoma. SUPERFAMILLE DES GONYLEPTOIDEA L'étude du complexe intestinal chez les diverses espèces appartenant aux différentes familles des Gonyleptoidea nous a permis de confirmer les conclusions avancées par K as t ne r (op. cit.) quant à l'uniformité du type d'organisation. Ainsi, chez les espèces des 5 familles étudiées par nous (Cosmetidae, Phalangodidae, Assamiidae, Gonyleptidae et Stygnidae), ce complexe com· prend: un diverticulum primum (DI) simple, sans ramifications, un diverti· culum secundum (DII) qui émet un ramus transversalis et un ramus longi· tudinalis, et enfin, un diverticulum tertium (D III) qui se divise en: ramus medianus, ramus lateralis et ramus exterior. Tous ces cœcums intestinaux sont visibles en examinant la face dor· sale du complexe intestinal. Exception faite pour les rami transversalis et medianus, les coecums apparaissent partiellement en vue ventrale de cc complexe. L'enlèvement du «plancher» de l'intestin moyen et du contenu intestinal permet de mettre en évidence les orifices des diverticules ainsi que le pli délimitant la pars intestinalis anterior de pars intestinalis poste­ rtor. L'aspect Ju complexe intestinal chez les espèces étudiées de la "super· famille des Gonyleptoidea est représenté dans les figures 1-12. Il nous paraît nécessaire d'insister ici seulement sur les caractéristiques rie l'intestin moyen chez Roquettea singularis d' et Hugoesia lopesi r:)'. Chez la première espèce, dans la région postérieure du premier diverticule l'on observe une dilatation qui correspond à une excroissance située au niveau du premier tergitc abdominal. Cette dilatation, dont la partie proximale coïncide avec à la limite entre le prosoma et l'opistosoma, fait défaut chez les ~~ qui ne présentent pas l'excroissance mentionnée ci-haut. Au diver· ticulum secundum, le ramus transversalis est pourvu aussi d'une dilatation qui pénètre dans la seconde excroissance du scutum abdominal, La disposi­ tion caractéristique de ces deux dilatations peut être constatée en examinant le complexe intestinal en vues dorsale et latérale (fig. 3, 4). Une même dilatation, située cette fois-ci au niveau du ramus mcdianus(D III), présente le complexe intestinal de Hugoesia lopesi r:)'. (fig. 11). SUPERFAMILLE DES TRAVUNOIDEA Famille des TRAVUNIIDAE Chez Peltonychia japonicn (fi~. 18) et Speleonychia sengeri (fig. 17) l'aspect du complexe inte;;tinal est semblable. 20 DAN DUMITRESCU La différence consiste dans la forme du D J, rectangulairl' ch e?: la pr<>mière et triangulaire chez la deuxième. Les D II et D III sont pourvus chacun, de deux cœcums : les rami t ransvt"rsalis et longitudinalis et, r espectivement m edia.nus ct lat cra lis. Famille des SYNTHETONYCHIDAE Chez Synthetonychia sp. (fig. 19), au niveau du D I sphérique, on n'observe pas l'impression qui indique la limite entre le prosoma et l'opis­ tosoma. Le D II se caractérise par un ramus transversalis développé, ay ant une forme qui rappelle celle d'un rectangle; en revanche, le ramus longi­ tudinalis apparaît à peine ébauché, son extrémité distale se situant au niveau du tiers proximal des coecums du troisième diverticule. Le D III présente 3 rami (medianus, lateralis et ext erior) faiblement contourés, de dimensions réduites ce qui determine qu'une grande région, de la pars intestinalis posterior soit visible en vue dorsale du complexe intestinal. Famille des TRIAENONYCHIDAE Les différences constatées quant à l'aspect du complexe intestinal chez les espèces appartenant aux sous-familles des Triaenonychinae d'un côt é, et celles des Triaenonychinae (sensu Br i g g s, 1971) et des Paranonychinae de l'autre côté, nous ont déterminés de présenter séparément l'intestin moyen ch ez ces deux groupes. Chez Adaeulum areolatum et Larifuga weberi (Triaenonychinae) le D 1 ém et 4 cœcums: deux antérieurs (ramus prominens m edialis
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