Stored Product Pest - Know Your Enemy John B. Mueller FPA is an organization of Regional companies formally organized to provide National capabilities of:

Pest Management / Food Safety

Fumigation

Alternatives to Fumigation Coverage in North America Our Service Philosophy

Proactive Communication at all levels preventative action

When needed - apply the most effective control method that complements our Monitoring systems customers’ activities Topics

. Know your enemy! . SPI Identification, Biology and Habits. . Understand their capabilities. We want to convince you: . “Weevily” and “Brand Bugs” are not enough.

. These terms alone do not help you manage your grain. What does the professional need?

Training: ID

SPI Training 101:

All bugs are but not all insects are bugs!

The professional term is – INSECT OR INSECTS… Metamorphosis

Manipulating Insects

►Temperature Fumigation Success

140 120 Post 100 Optimal Embryonic 80 Egg Decline 60

40

20

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Anatomy of an Insect

Antenna Head Compound Eye Thorax Wing (Fore &Hind wing)

Three Pairs of Abdomen Legs

Fruit Fly Grain Insect Groups – Internal Feeders – Secondary Feeders – Mold Feeders – Mites and “Mite Like”

Rice Weevil & Granary Weevil Sitophilus oryzae Sitophilus granarius

Round pits Oval pits on thorax on thorax

Four light colored Uniform areas on brown elytra elytra New Range for Weevil Angoumois Grain Moth

Tan colored wings

Small dark spot on each wing

Feathery tips Lesser Grain Borer

Three segmented antennae Bumps on front of thorax Tips of elytra rounded

SOME PHOSPHINE RESISTANCE Lesser Grain Borer Grain Insect Groups – Secondary Feeders

SOME PHOSPHINE RESISTANCE Red & Confused Flour

Last 3 segments enlarged

Small space between eyes

Last 4 segments gradually larger

Larger space between eyes Red & Confused Flour Beetles Saw‐toothed & Merchant Grain Beetles

Oryzaephilus surinamensis Oryzaephilus mercator Temple behind Temple behind eye is much eye is nearly smaller than as long as diameter of diameter of the eye the eye

Ridges & teeth

Lead gray with black wavy lines on wings Mediterranean Flour Moth

Uniform cream in color with rows of spots. Grain Insect Groups – Mold Feeders

Red & Confused Flour Beetles Last 3 segments enlarged

Small space between eyes

Last 4 segments gradually larger

Larger space between eyes

Alain Van Ryckeghem Insects Limited Inc.

Hairy : Foreign Grain Beetle

Two bumps on the Thorax Foreign Grain Beetle: Baby Flour Beetles? ‐ Flat Grain Beetle

When grain is moldy these fungus feeding pest grow in tremendous numbers What does the presence of fungus feeders tell us? 1] Excessive Moisture 2] Fumigation Challenges 3] Safety Issues ‐ Alp 4] Perimeter Pressure

Do fungus feeders directly affect IDK? ‐ No, only the wet and decomposing condition from a leak or hotspot.

Grain Mites – It’s a small world…

Grain Mites – Why are they becoming of greater importance?

Psocid A “mite like insects” Love a Damp Location Now it is time to use what you learned…

…and hunt for the enemy.

Train the Trainer What do you do when you find something and you are uncertain of the pest?

ALTERNATIVES TO FUMIGAITON… Kalah Schmitz National Executive Director [email protected] 877‐FPA‐3334 (877‐372‐3334) www.FPAlliance.com John Mueller 701 North First Street East St. Louis, IL 62201 314 330‐5336 [email protected] www.FoodProtectionServices.net

Proud Member

Fumigation: Phosphine Resistance Testing ‐ FAO Procedure ‐ 20 hour –14 Day ‐ Advanced Testing

Cost: $166 per Sample Set