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WRA Species Report Family: Apocynaceae Taxon: Wrightia antidysenterica Synonym: Nerium antidysentericum L. (basionym) Common Name: snowflake Nerium zeylanicum L. artic snow Walidda antidysenterica (L.) Pichon milky way Wrightia zeylanica (L.) R. Br. Easter tree Holarrhena antidysenterica (L.) Wall. Questionaire : current 20090513 Assessor: Assessor Designation: L Status: Assessor Approved Data Entry Person: Assessor WRA Score 0 101 Is the species highly domesticated? y=-3, n=0 n 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? y=1, n=-1 103 Does the species have weedy races? y=1, n=-1 201 Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If island is primarily wet habitat, then (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2- High substitute "wet tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" high) (See Appendix 2) 202 Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2- High high) (See Appendix 2) 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y=1, n=0 n 204 Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or subtropical climates y=1, n=0 y 205 Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural range? y=-2, ?=-1, n=0 y 301 Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see n Appendix 2), n= question 205 302 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see n Appendix 2) 303 Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see n Appendix 2) 304 Environmental weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see n Appendix 2) 305 Congeneric weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see n Appendix 2) 401 Produces spines, thorns or burrs y=1, n=0 n 402 Allelopathic y=1, n=0 403 Parasitic y=1, n=0 n 404 Unpalatable to grazing animals y=1, n=-1 n 405 Toxic to animals y=1, n=0 n 406 Host for recognized pests and pathogens y=1, n=0 n 407 Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans y=1, n=0 408 Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems y=1, n=0 409 Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle y=1, n=0 Print Date: 7/10/2013 Wrightia antidysenterica (Apocynaceae) Page 1 of 6 410 Tolerates a wide range of soil conditions (or limestone conditions if not a volcanic island) y=1, n=0 y 411 Climbing or smothering growth habit y=1, n=0 n 412 Forms dense thickets y=1, n=0 501 Aquatic y=5, n=0 n 502 Grass y=1, n=0 n 503 Nitrogen fixing woody plant y=1, n=0 n 504 Geophyte (herbaceous with underground storage organs -- bulbs, corms, or tubers) y=1, n=0 n 601 Evidence of substantial reproductive failure in native habitat y=1, n=0 n 602 Produces viable seed y=1, n=-1 y 603 Hybridizes naturally y=1, n=-1 604 Self-compatible or apomictic y=1, n=-1 605 Requires specialist pollinators y=-1, n=0 606 Reproduction by vegetative fragmentation y=1, n=-1 607 Minimum generative time (years) 1 year = 1, 2 or 3 years = 0, 4+ years = -1 701 Propagules likely to be dispersed unintentionally (plants growing in heavily trafficked y=1, n=-1 areas) 702 Propagules dispersed intentionally by people y=1, n=-1 y 703 Propagules likely to disperse as a produce contaminant y=1, n=-1 n 704 Propagules adapted to wind dispersal y=1, n=-1 y 705 Propagules water dispersed y=1, n=-1 706 Propagules bird dispersed y=1, n=-1 n 707 Propagules dispersed by other animals (externally) y=1, n=-1 708 Propagules survive passage through the gut y=1, n=-1 801 Prolific seed production (>1000/m2) y=1, n=-1 802 Evidence that a persistent propagule bank is formed (>1 yr) y=1, n=-1 803 Well controlled by herbicides y=-1, n=1 804 Tolerates, or benefits from, mutilation, cultivation, or fire y=1, n=-1 805 Effective natural enemies present locally (e.g. introduced biocontrol agents) y=-1, n=1 Designation: L WRA Score 0 Print Date: 7/10/2013 Wrightia antidysenterica (Apocynaceae) Page 2 of 6 Supporting Data: 101 1965. Ngan, P.T.. A Revision of the Genus [Is the species highly domesticated? No] No evidence Wrightia (Apocynaceae). Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. 52(2): 114-175. 102 2013. WRA Specialist. Personal Communication. NA 103 2013. WRA Specialist. Personal Communication. NA 201 1965. Ngan, P.T.. A Revision of the Genus [Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) 2-High] "W. antidysenterica, is Wrightia (Apocynaceae). Annals of the Missouri endemic to Ceylon" Botanical Garden. 52(2): 114-175. 202 1965. Ngan, P.T.. A Revision of the Genus [Quality of climate match data 2-High] Wrightia (Apocynaceae). Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. 52(2): 114-175. 203 2013. Dave's Garden. Gardening Website. [Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility)? No] "Hardiness: USDA Zone http://davesgarden.com/ 10a: to -1.1 °C (30 °F) USDA Zone 10b: to 1.7 °C (35 °F) USDA Zone 11: above 4.5 °C (40 °F)" 204 1965. Ngan, P.T.. A Revision of the Genus [Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or subtropical climates? Yes] "W. Wrightia (Apocynaceae). Annals of the Missouri antidysenterica, is endemic to Ceylon" Botanical Garden. 52(2): 114-175. 205 2005. Imada, C.T./Staples, G.W./Herbst, D.R.. [Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural Annotated Checklist of Cultivated Plants of range?] "Locations: Waimea Arboretum & Botanical Garden " Hawai‘i. The Bishop Museum, http://www2.bishopmuseum.org/HBS/botany/cultiv atedplants/ 205 2008. Sato, H.D. Specimen Details for Wrightia [Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural antidysenterica (L.) R.Br. [BISH 732938]. Bishop range?] "Small shrub 4-6 ft tall, flowering year round. Original plant purchased at Museum, Koolau Farmers Kaneohe. Sold in garden and floral shops in Japan as Minato-no- http://nsdb.bishopmuseum.org/2C474AEF-B5FF- hi (Harbor Lights)." 47A3-9366-B6626FCD8DA6 205 2009. Chong, K.Y./Tan, H.T.W./Corlett, R.T.. A [Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural Checklist of the Total Vascular Plant Flora of range? Singapore] ]"Wrightia antidysenterica (L.) R. Br.; Apocynaceae; cultivated Singapore: Native, Naturalized and Cultivated only" Species. Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Research, National University of Singapore, Singapore 205 2009. Middleton, D.J.. An update on the [Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural Apocynaceae in Thailand. Thai Forest Bulletin range? Thailand] "Wrightia antidysenterica L. should now be included as it has (Botany). Special Issue: 143–155. become a common sight throughout Thailand." 205 2012. Nickrent, D.L./Barcelona, J./Pelser, [Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural P./Molina, J.E./Callado, J.R.. Co's Digital Flora of range? Philippines] "Cultivated: Wrightia antidysenterica" the Philippines. http://www.philippineplants.org/ 205 2013. Dave's Garden. Gardening Website. [Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural http://davesgarden.com/ range? Florida] "This plant has been said to grow in the following regions: Big Pine Key, Florida Boca Del Mar, Florida Marathon Shores, Florida Pembroke Pines, Florida" 301 2007. Middleton, D.J.. A new species of Wrightia [Naturalized beyond native range? No evidence in Thailand] "There are now a (Apocynaceae: Apocynoideae) from Thailand. total of 12 species of Wrightia known from Thailand, one of which, W. Thai Forest Bulletin (Botany). 35: 80–85. antidysenterica (L.) R.Br., is only known from cultivation." … "In addition to these wild species Wrightia antidysenterica, native to Sri Lanka, has become very widely cultivated in Thailand since 1999." 301 2012. Randall, R.P.. A Global Compendium of [Naturalized beyond native range? No evidence] Weeds. 2nd Edition. Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia 302 2009. Nursery & Garden Industry Australia. Grow [Garden/amenity/disturbance weed? No evidence] "Beautiful compact evergreen Me Instead - A Guide for Gardeners in perennial shrub growing up to 1.5m. It has glossy green leaves and is covered in Queensland Sub Tropics. 2.5cm white star shaped flowers throughout the warmer months. A relatively new http://www.growmeinstead.com.au/public/GMI- release well worth trying." [Recommended as a non invasive alternative to brochure-Qld-Sub-Tropics.pdf Catharanthus roseus and Ochna serrulata] 302 2012. Randall, R.P.. A Global Compendium of [Garden/amenity/disturbance weed? No] No evidence Weeds. 2nd Edition. Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia Print Date: 7/10/2013 Wrightia antidysenterica (Apocynaceae) Page 3 of 6 303 2012. Randall, R.P.. A Global Compendium of [Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed? No] No evidence Weeds. 2nd Edition. Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia 304 2012. Randall, R.P.. A Global Compendium of [Environmental weed? No] No evidence Weeds. 2nd Edition. Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia 305 2012. Randall, R.P.. A Global Compendium of [Congeneric weed? No] No evidence Weeds. 2nd Edition. Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia 401 1965. Ngan, P.T.. A Revision of the Genus [Produces spines, thorns or burrs? No] "Small shrubs as much as 2 m. high; Wrightia (Apocynaceae). Annals of the Missouri branchlets gray to dark brown, lenticellate and glabrous. Leaves obovate to Botanical Garden. 52(2): 114-175. elliptic, occasionally narrowly elliptic, acuminate to caudate-acuminate at the apex, acute at the base, 3-10 cm. long, 1.5-3.5 cm. broad, membranaceous to subcoriaceous, glabrous even when immature, the midrib more or less elevated above, prominent beneath, the secondary veins 6-9 pairs, arcuate, sometimes obscure above, conspicuous beneath; petiole 2-3 mm. long, glabrous to minutely puberulent." 402 2013.
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