A New Close Mammal Relative and the Origin and Evolution of the Mammalian Central Nervous System
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JVP 26(3) September 2006—ABSTRACTS
Neoceti Symposium, Saturday 8:45 acid-prepared osteolepiforms Medoevia and Gogonasus has offered strong support for BODY SIZE AND CRYPTIC TROPHIC SEPARATION OF GENERALIZED Jarvik’s interpretation, but Eusthenopteron itself has not been reexamined in detail. PIERCE-FEEDING CETACEANS: THE ROLE OF FEEDING DIVERSITY DUR- Uncertainty has persisted about the relationship between the large endoskeletal “fenestra ING THE RISE OF THE NEOCETI endochoanalis” and the apparently much smaller choana, and about the occlusion of upper ADAM, Peter, Univ. of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; JETT, Kristin, Univ. of and lower jaw fangs relative to the choana. California, Davis, Davis, CA; OLSON, Joshua, Univ. of California, Los Angeles, Los A CT scan investigation of a large skull of Eusthenopteron, carried out in collaboration Angeles, CA with University of Texas and Parc de Miguasha, offers an opportunity to image and digital- Marine mammals with homodont dentition and relatively little specialization of the feeding ly “dissect” a complete three-dimensional snout region. We find that a choana is indeed apparatus are often categorized as generalist eaters of squid and fish. However, analyses of present, somewhat narrower but otherwise similar to that described by Jarvik. It does not many modern ecosystems reveal the importance of body size in determining trophic parti- receive the anterior coronoid fang, which bites mesial to the edge of the dermopalatine and tioning and diversity among predators. We established relationships between body sizes of is received by a pit in that bone. The fenestra endochoanalis is partly floored by the vomer extant cetaceans and their prey in order to infer prey size and potential trophic separation of and the dermopalatine, restricting the choana to the lateral part of the fenestra. -
Ischigualasto Formation. the Second Is a Sile- Diversity Or Abundance, but This Result Was Based on Only 19 of Saurid, Ignotosaurus Fragilis (Fig
This article was downloaded by: [University of Chicago Library] On: 10 October 2013, At: 10:52 Publisher: Taylor & Francis Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/ujvp20 Vertebrate succession in the Ischigualasto Formation Ricardo N. Martínez a , Cecilia Apaldetti a b , Oscar A. Alcober a , Carina E. Colombi a b , Paul C. Sereno c , Eliana Fernandez a b , Paula Santi Malnis a b , Gustavo A. Correa a b & Diego Abelin a a Instituto y Museo de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de San Juan , España 400 (norte), San Juan , Argentina , CP5400 b Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas , Buenos Aires , Argentina c Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, and Committee on Evolutionary Biology , University of Chicago , 1027 East 57th Street, Chicago , Illinois , 60637 , U.S.A. Published online: 08 Oct 2013. To cite this article: Ricardo N. Martínez , Cecilia Apaldetti , Oscar A. Alcober , Carina E. Colombi , Paul C. Sereno , Eliana Fernandez , Paula Santi Malnis , Gustavo A. Correa & Diego Abelin (2012) Vertebrate succession in the Ischigualasto Formation, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 32:sup1, 10-30, DOI: 10.1080/02724634.2013.818546 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2013.818546 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Taylor & Francis makes every effort to ensure the accuracy of all the information (the “Content”) contained in the publications on our platform. However, Taylor & Francis, our agents, and our licensors make no representations or warranties whatsoever as to the accuracy, completeness, or suitability for any purpose of the Content. -
O Esqueleto Pós-Craniano De Exaeretodon Riograndensis Abdala Et Al
Rev. bras. paleontol. 10(2):79-94, Maio/Agosto 2007 © 2007 by the Sociedade Brasileira de Paleontologia O ESQUELETO PÓS-CRANIANO DE EXAERETODON RIOGRANDENSIS ABDALA ET AL. (CYNODONTIA, TRAVERSODONTIDAE), TRIÁSSICO DO BRASIL TÉO VEIGA DE OLIVEIRA, CESAR LEANDRO SCHULTZ & MARINA BENTO SOARES Instituto de Geociências, UFRGS, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] RESUMO – Pela primeira vez, elementos pós-cranianos de Exaeretodon riograndensis, um cinodonte traversodontídeo da Cenozona de Rhynchosauria da Formação Santa Maria, Neotriássico do sul do Brasil, são descritos e comparados com E. frenguellii e outros cinodontes não-mamalianos. O material inclui parte da coluna vertebral, radio, ulna e elementos da cintura pélvica. As diferenças mais significativas em relação a E. frenguellii estão na morfologia e nas dimensões do arco neural do atlas, na presença de intercentros em vértebras cervicais posteriores ao áxis e na ausência da dilatação do ápice do espinho neural das vértebras truncais. A morfologia da região sacral da coluna, do rádio, da ulna e da cintura pélvica são concordantes com o observado em E. frenguellii. A comparação com outros táxons de cinodontes não-mamalianos permite a observação da nítida evolução em mosaico do esqueleto pós-craniano destes animais: E. riograndensis mostra alguns caracteres similares a outros Cynognathia (grupo ao qual pertence), enquanto outros são mais próximos aos observados em alguns Probainognathia (incluindo mamíferos), como a natureza mais avançada do complexo atlas-áxis. Palavras-chave: Triássico, Brasil, Formação Santa Maria, Traversodontidae, Exaeretodon riograndensis, pós-crânio. ABSTRACT – THE POSTCRANIAL SKELETON OF EXAERETODON RIOGRANDENSIS ABDALA ET AL. -
Studies on Continental Late Triassic Tetrapod Biochronology. I. the Type Locality of Saturnalia Tupiniquim and the Faunal Succession in South Brazil
Journal of South American Earth Sciences 19 (2005) 205–218 www.elsevier.com/locate/jsames Studies on continental Late Triassic tetrapod biochronology. I. The type locality of Saturnalia tupiniquim and the faunal succession in south Brazil Max Cardoso Langer* Departamento de Biologia, FFCLRP, Universidade de Sa˜o Paulo (USP), Av. Bandeirantes 3900, 14040-901 Ribeira˜o Preto, SP, Brazil Received 1 November 2003; accepted 1 January 2005 Abstract Late Triassic deposits of the Parana´ Basin, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, encompass a single third-order, tetrapod-bearing sedimentary sequence that includes parts of the Alemoa Member (Santa Maria Formation) and the Caturrita Formation. A rich, diverse succession of terrestrial tetrapod communities is recorded in these sediments, which can be divided into at least three faunal associations. The stem- sauropodomorph Saturnalia tupiniquim was collected in the locality known as ‘Waldsanga’ near the city of Santa Maria. In that area, the deposits of the Alemoa Member yield the ‘Alemoa local fauna,’ which typifies the first association; includes the rhynchosaur Hyperodapedon, aetosaurs, and basal dinosaurs; and is coeval with the lower fauna of the Ischigualasto Formation, Bermejo Basin, NW Argentina. The second association is recorded in deposits of both the Alemoa Member and the Caturrita Formation, characterized by the rhynchosaur ‘Scaphonyx’ sulcognathus and the cynodont Exaeretodon, and correlated with the upper fauna of the Ischigualasto Formation. Various isolated outcrops of the Caturrita Formation yield tetrapod fossils that correspond to post-Ischigualastian faunas but might not belong to a single faunal association. The record of the dicynodont Jachaleria suggests correlations with the lower part of the Los Colorados Formation, NW Argentina, whereas remains of derived tritheledontid cynodonts indicate younger ages. -
April Isch Neander
February 2017 Curriculum Vitae April Isch Neander Scientific Illustrator University of Chicago Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy 1027 E 57th Street Anatomy 306 Chicago, IL 60637 [email protected] 773.702.4715 Education M.S. Biomedical Visualization, University of Illinois at Chicago, 2012 Graduate Research Project: Visualizing the Parasagittal Step Cycle of Kryptobaatar dashzevegi, a Multituberculate with Transitional Shoulder Girdle. B.A. Biology, University of Vermont, 2010 Minor in Studio Art Publications Published Art and Illustrations Luo, Z. X., Schultz, J. A., & Ekdale, E. G. (2016). Evolution of the Middle and Inner Ears of Mammaliaforms: The Approach to Mammals. In Evolution of the Vertebrate Ear (pp. 139-174). Springer International Publishing. Brusatte, S., Luo, Z. X. (2016, June). Ascent of the Mammals. Scientific American, 30-35. Luo, Z. X., Gatesy, S. M., Jenkins, F. A., Amaral, W. W., & Shubin, N. H. (2015). Mandibular and dental characteristics of Late Triassic mammaliaform Haramiyavia and their ramifications for basal mammal evolution. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 112(51), E7101-E7109. Chang, Kenneth. (2015, November 16). Jawbone in Rock May Clear Up a Mammal Family Mystery. The New York Times. Hopson, James A. (2015). Fossils, Trackways, and Transitions in Locomotion. In Dial, Kenneth P., Neil Shubin, and Elizabeth L. Brainerd, eds. Great transformations in vertebrate evolution (pp. 125-141). University of Chicago Press. Luo, Z. X., Meng, Q. J., Ji, Q., Liu, D., Zhang, Y. G., & Neander, A. I. (2015). Evolutionary development in basal mammaliaforms as revealed by a docodontan. Science, 347(6223), 760-764. Meng, Q. J., Ji, Q., Zhang, Y. -
The Mammary Gland and Its Origin During Synapsid Evolution
P1: GMX Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia (JMGBN) pp749-jmgbn-460568 January 9, 2003 17:51 Style file version Nov. 07, 2000 Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia, Vol. 7, No. 3, July 2002 (C 2002) The Mammary Gland and Its Origin During Synapsid Evolution Olav T. Oftedal1 Lactation appears to be an ancient reproductive trait that predates the origin of mammals. The synapsid branch of the amniote tree that separated from other taxa in the Pennsylva- nian (>310 million years ago) evolved a glandular rather than scaled integument. Repeated radiations of synapsids produced a gradual accrual of mammalian features. The mammary gland apparently derives from an ancestral apocrine-like gland that was associated with hair follicles. This association is retained by monotreme mammary glands and is evident as ves- tigial mammary hair during early ontogenetic development of marsupials. The dense cluster of mammo-pilo-sebaceous units that open onto a nipple-less mammary patch in monotremes may reflect a structure that evolved to provide moisture and other constituents to permeable eggs. Mammary patch secretions were coopted to provide nutrients to hatchlings, but some constituents including lactose may have been secreted by ancestral apocrine-like glands in early synapsids. Advanced Triassic therapsids, such as cynodonts, almost certainly secreted complex, nutrient-rich milk, allowing a progressive decline in egg size and an increasingly altricial state of the young at hatching. This is indicated by the very small body size, presence of epipubic bones, and limited tooth replacement in advanced cynodonts and early mammali- aforms. Nipples that arose from the mammary patch rendered mammary hairs obsolete, while placental structures have allowed lactation to be truncated in living eutherians. -
Um Novo E Peculiar Cinodonte Traversodontídeo Para O Triássico Médio Do Rio Grande Do Sul E Suas Implicações Para a Paleoecologia De
UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL INSTITUTO DE GEOCIÊNCIAS PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM GEOCIÊNCIAS Um Novo e Peculiar Cinodonte Traversodontídeo para o Triássico Médio do Rio Grande do Sul e suas Implicações para a Paleoecologia de Cynodontia Míriam Reichel Orientador: Prof. Dr. Cesar Leandro Schultz Co-Orientadora: Profª. Drª. Marina Bento Soares Comissão Examinadora: Prof. Dr. José Fernando Bonaparte Prof. Dr. Mario Cozzuol Profª. Drª. Cristina Vega Dias Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada como requisito para obtenção do título de Mestre em Ciências Livros Grátis http://www.livrosgratis.com.br Milhares de livros grátis para download. Reichel, Miriam Um novo e peculiar Cinodonte Traversodontídeo para triássico médio do Rio Grande do Sul e suas implicações para a Paleoecologia de Cynodontia. / Miriam Reichel. - Porto Alegre : UFRGS, 2006. [145 f.] il. Dissertação (Mestrado). - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Instituto de Geociências. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geociências. Porto Alegre, RS - BR, 2006. 1. Paleoecologia. 2. Cynodontia. 3. Traversodontidae. 4. Triássico Médio. 5. Formação Santa Maria. 6. Rio Grande do Sul. I. Título. _____________________________ Catalogação na Publicação Biblioteca Geociências - UFRGS Renata Cristina Grun CRB 10/1113 AGRADECIMENTOS • Ao professor Dr. José Fernando Bonaparte, pelos ensinamentos a respeito dos cinodontes, por estimular este trabalho, contribuindo com importantes comentários, e pela grande dedicação à paleontologia e àqueles que por ela se interessam. • Ao professor Dr. Cesar Leandro Schultz, por orientar este trabalho, por sempre tornar o ambiente de trabalho agradável, pelos conselhos e pela amizade. • À professora Dra. Marina Bento Soares, por me trazer para o mundo dos cinodontes, pela paciência e didática de fundamental importância para este trabalho, pelo carinho e pela amizade. -
The Mesozoic Era Alvarez, W.(1997)
Alles Introductory Biology: Illustrated Lecture Presentations Instructor David L. Alles Western Washington University ----------------------- Part Three: The Integration of Biological Knowledge Vertebrate Evolution in the Late Paleozoic and Mesozoic Eras ----------------------- Vertebrate Evolution in the Late Paleozoic and Mesozoic • Amphibians to Reptiles Internal Fertilization, the Amniotic Egg, and a Water-Tight Skin • The Adaptive Radiation of Reptiles from Scales to Hair and Feathers • Therapsids to Mammals • Dinosaurs to Birds Ectothermy to Endothermy The Evolution of Reptiles The Phanerozoic Eon 444 365 251 Paleozoic Era 542 m.y.a. 488 416 360 299 Camb. Ordov. Sil. Devo. Carbon. Perm. Cambrian Pikaia Fish Fish First First Explosion w/o jaws w/ jaws Amphibians Reptiles 210 65 Mesozoic Era 251 200 180 150 145 Triassic Jurassic Cretaceous First First First T. rex Dinosaurs Mammals Birds Cenozoic Era Last Ice Age 65 56 34 23 5 1.8 0.01 Paleo. Eocene Oligo. Miocene Plio. Ple. Present Early Primate First New First First Modern Cantius World Monkeys Apes Hominins Humans A modern Amphibian—the toad A modern day Reptile—a skink, note the finely outlined scales. A Comparison of Amphibian and Reptile Reproduction The oldest known reptile is Hylonomus lyelli dating to ~ 320 m.y.a.. The earliest or stem reptiles radiated into therapsids leading to mammals, and archosaurs leading to all the other reptile groups including the thecodontians, ancestors of the dinosaurs. Dimetrodon, a Mammal-like Reptile of the Early Permian Dicynodonts were a group of therapsids of the late Permian. Web Reference http://www.museums.org.za/sam/resource/palaeo/cluver/index.html Therapsids experienced an adaptive radiation during the Permian, but suffered heavy extinctions during the end Permian mass extinction. -
And Early Jurassic Sediments, and Patterns of the Triassic-Jurassic
and Early Jurassic sediments, and patterns of the Triassic-Jurassic PAUL E. OLSEN AND tetrapod transition HANS-DIETER SUES Introduction parent answer was that the supposed mass extinc- The Late Triassic-Early Jurassic boundary is fre- tions in the tetrapod record were largely an artifact quently cited as one of the thirteen or so episodes of incorrect or questionable biostratigraphic corre- of major extinctions that punctuate Phanerozoic his- lations. On reexamining the problem, we have come tory (Colbert 1958; Newell 1967; Hallam 1981; Raup to realize that the kinds of patterns revealed by look- and Sepkoski 1982, 1984). These times of apparent ing at the change in taxonomic composition through decimation stand out as one class of the great events time also profoundly depend on the taxonomic levels in the history of life. and the sampling intervals examined. We address Renewed interest in the pattern of mass ex- those problems in this chapter. We have now found tinctions through time has stimulated novel and com- that there does indeed appear to be some sort of prehensive attempts to relate these patterns to other extinction event, but it cannot be examined at the terrestrial and extraterrestrial phenomena (see usual coarse levels of resolution. It requires new fine- Chapter 24). The Triassic-Jurassic boundary takes scaled documentation of specific faunal and floral on special significance in this light. First, the faunal transitions. transitions have been cited as even greater in mag- Stratigraphic correlation of geographically dis- nitude than those of the Cretaceous or the Permian junct rocks and assemblages predetermines our per- (Colbert 1958; Hallam 1981; see also Chapter 24). -
Evolution of the Mammalian Fauces Region and the Origin of Suckling
Evolution of the mammalian fauces region and the origin of suckling The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Crompton, Alfred, Catherine Musinsky, Jose Bonaparte, Bhart- Anjan Bhullar, and Tomasz Owerkowicz. Evolution of the mammalian fauces region and the origin of suckling (2018). Citable link https://nrs.harvard.edu/URN-3:HUL.INSTREPOS:37364482 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA 1 Evolution of the mammalian fauces region and the origin of suckling Alfred Crompton1†, Catherine Musinsky1, Jose Bonaparte2, Bhart-Anjan Bhullar3, Tomasz Owerkowicz4 1: Harvard University, Organismic and Evolutionary Biology Department, Museum of Comparative Zoology, 26 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA 2: Museo Municipal de C. Naturales "C. Ameghino", 6600 MERCEDES – BS. AS. Argentina 3: Department of Geology & Geophysics, Yale University, PO Box 208109, New Haven, CT 06520- 8109 USA 4: Department of Biology, California State University in San Bernadino, 5500 University Pkwy, San Bernardino, CA 92407 USA †corresponding author: ORCID 0000-0001-6008-2587, [email protected], 617-495-3202 Acknowledgments Thanks to Dr. Edgar Allin for his comments on an early draft of this paper. Thanks to the Museum of Comparative Zoology, its Director, Professor James Hanken, and to the Center for Nanoscale Systems at Harvard University for providing the facilities and finances for this research. -
A Non-Mammaliaform Cynodont from the Upper Triassic of South Africa: a Therapsid Lazarus Taxon?
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Wits Institutional Repository on DSPACE A non-mammaliaform cynodont from the Upper Triassic of South Africa: a therapsid Lazarus taxon? Fernando Abdala1*, Ross Damiani2, Adam Yates1 & Johann Neveling3 1Bernard Price Institute for Palaeontological Research, School of Geosciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, WITS, 2050 South Africa 2Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart, Rosenstein 1, D-70191, Stuttgart, Germany 3Council for Geoscience, Private Bag X112, Pretoria, 0001 South Africa Received 20 January 2006. Accepted 10 January 2007 The tetrapod record of the ‘Stormberg Group’, including the Lower Elliot Formation, in the South African Karoo is widely dominated by archosaurian reptiles, contrasting with the therapsid dominion of the subjacent Beaufort Group. The only therapsids represented by skeletal remains in the Upper Triassic Lower Elliot Formation are the large traversodontid cynodont Scalenodontoides macrodontes and the recently described tritheledontid cynodont Elliotherium kersteni. Here we present a fragmentary lower jaw that provides evidence of a third type of cynodont for the Upper Triassic of South Africa. The fossil is tentatively assigned to the Diademodontidae. The latter representative of this family is known from the Late Anisian, and its tentative record in the Norian Lower Elliot Formation, if confirmed, will represent a case of Lazarus taxon. Thus, Diademodontidae apparently disappeared from the fossil record by the end of the Anisian and then reappeared in the Norian of South Africa, a stratigraphic interval of some 21 million years. This new cynodont record, together with the recently described Tritheledontidae, show that cynodonts are now the second most diverse tetrapod group in the Lower Elliot fauna. -
The History of the World in Comics
TABLE OF CONTENTS Earth Is Born 6 THE CENOZOIC 43 On the Prairies 44 THE PRECAMBRIAN 7 In the Trees 45 The Cradle of Life 8 Little Horses 46 The First Cells 9 The New Giants 47 A World of Microbes 10 Walking Whales 48 Upheavals 1 1 Swimming Whales 49 The First Faunas 12 Trumpeters 50 Island America 5 1 THE PALEOZOIC 13 The Rise of the Ruminants 52 The Explosion of Life 14 The Giraffe’s Neck 53 Pincers of the Sea 15 Teeth in the Sea 54 Conquering the Continents 16 Teeth on Land 55 Jaws of the Sea 17 The Hominids 56 The March of the Fish 18 On Four Feet 19 THE QUATERNARY 57 The Great Forest 20 The Ice Ages 58 Born on Land 2 1 Megafauna of the Tundra 59 The First Giants 22 The Reunion of the Americas 60 Reptiles Unlike the Others 23 An Island Continent 6 1 The Great Extinction 24 The First Humans 62 Conquering the World 63 THE MESOZOIC 25 Mini-Elephants of the Islands 64 The Time of the Crocs 26 Cro-Magnon 65 The First Dinosaurs 27 The Great Warming 66 The First Mammals 28 The Pterosaurs 29 THE TIME OF THE HUMANS 67 The Jurassic Sea 30 The Agricultural Revolution 68 Sea Monsters 3 1 Cows, Pigs, Poultry 69 The Ornithischians 32 The Industrial Revolution 70 The Epic of the Stegosaurs 33 The Sixth Extinction 7 1 The Sauropods 34 Living Planet 72 The Theropods 35 Life in the Universe 73 Dinosaurs with Feathers 36 Wings and Teeth 37 Geologic Time Scale 74 Rivals of the Dinosaurs 38 Fur Balls 39 Glossary 76 Flowers for the Dinosaurs 40 The End of a World 4 1 Index 78 Night of the Cretaceous 42 by Jean-Baptiste de Panafieu • illustrated by Adrienne Barman NEW YORK Triassic: 252 to 201 million years ago THE FIRST DINOSAURS Marasuchus feeds on Some of the archosaurs insects and small animals.