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TREE INSECTS AND TREATMENT PEST / DISEASE SCIENTIFIC NAME TREE HOSTS ACE-jet AzaSol® IMA-jet® TREE-äge®/G4 Coniferous species, including hemlock, fir and Adelgids Many species X X spruce Aphids Many species Ash, oak, maple, willow, fruit trees X X X Elm, maple, birch, willow, box elder, horsechest- Asian Longhorned Anoplophora nut, Buckeye, European Mountain Ash, ash, X Beetle glabripennis poplar, Albizzia, London Plane, sycamore Juniper, arborvitae, cedars, pine, hemlock, spruce, Thyridopteryx Bagworm Chinese Elm, honeylocust, crabapple, maple, X X X ephemeraformis sycamore, box elder, willow, linden, poplar. Subfamily: Scolytinae *TREE-äge® ONLY - Ips Engraver Beetles, Dendroctonus ponder- Conifers, including pine, spruce, and fir; hard- Bark Beetles osae, Dendroctonus woods including oak x frontalis Zimmermann, Dendroctonus rufipen- nis, Dendroctonus brevicomis Fenusa pusilla; Mesa Mesa nana - White, gray, Yellow Birch Fenusa Birch Leafminer X X X X nana pusilla - Gray, European, Cut-Leaf Birch Broad host range, including yew, hemlock, Black Vine Weevil Otiorhynchus sulcatus Japanese andromeda, Euonymus, mountain X X X laurel and Japanese holly Boxelder Bug Leptocoris trivittatus Boxelder, ash, maple, fruit trees X X European white birch, water birch, paper Bronze Birch Borer Agrilus anxius birch, yellow birch, Whitebarked Himalayan X X X (flatheaded borer) Birch, Gray Birch, Sweet Birch Browntail Moth Euproctis chrysorrhoea Oak, shadbush, apple, cherry, beach plum, hawthorn X X Budworms Eupoicillia spp. Spruce, fir, Fraser Fir, tamarack, pine, hemlock X X X1 Red and white oak groups, maples, elms, Cankerworms Paleacrita Vernata X X hickories, ash, and cherry Red Oak, black locust, cottonwood, elm, Carpenterworm Prionoxystus robiniae X maple, and willow Casebearer Coleophora species Elm, pecan, larch, paper, gray, white birch X Citrus trees, pecan, apple, hibiscus, sycamore, Citrus Longhorned Anoplophora chinensis willow, pear, pigeon pea, poplar, oak, ficus X Beetle and more Alder, ash, birch, dogwood, lilac, hawthorn, Mountain Parathrene dollii, Clearwing Borers Ash, maple, oak, pine, poplar, sycamore,viburnum, X X X2 P. tricinicta willow, and fruit trees and plum Cottonwood Twig Gypsonoma Cottonwood, poplar X Borer haimbachiana Eastern Oak Red and white oak groups, maples, elms, Phigalia titea X Looper hickories, ash, and cherry Eastern Tent Malscosoma Ornamental crabapple, hawthorn, maple X X Caterpillar americanum Eastern Tent Malscosoma Wild cherry, apple, and crabapple, hawthorn, X X Caterpillar americanum maple, cherry, peach, pear, plum Elm Leaf Beetle Pyrralta luteola All variety of elm species X X X (larvae) Elm Spanworm Ennomos subsignarius Elms X X Ash (Fraxinus) species, including green, Emerald Ash Borer Agrilus planipennis X X X white, black and blue ash Eucalyptus Phoracantha recurva Eucalyptus X X Longhorned Beetle ©2015 Arborjet, Inc. Important: Always read and follow label instructions. Some crop protection products may not be registered for sale or use in all states or counties. Please check with your state or local extension service to ensure registration status. TREE-äge® Insecticide is a Restricted Use Pesticide and must only be sold to and used by a state certified applicator or by persons under their direct supervision. TREE-äge® is a registered trademark of Arborjet, Inc. 1Western Spruce Budworm only 2Non-food-bearing plants TREE INSECTS AND TREATMENT (CONTINUED) TREE INSECTS AND TREATMENT (CONTINUED) PEST / DISEASE SCIENTIFIC NAME TREE HOSTS ACE-jet AzaSol® IMA-jet® TREE-äge®/G4 PEST / DISEASE SCIENTIFIC NAME TREE HOSTS ACE-jet AzaSol® IMA-jet® TREE-äge®/G4 Red and white oak groups, maples, elms, hicko- Polyphagous Shot 40 species, including maples, sycamore, oaks, Fall Cankerworm Alsophila pometaria X X Euwallaecea sp. X ries, ash, cherry Hole Borer willows, alders, and avocado. Many hardword species including Pecan, walnut, Poplar Tentmaker Fall Webworm Hyphantria cunea X X X Clostera inclusa Poplar & willow species X X American Elm, hickory, fruit trees (Caterpillar) Many tree species including ash, oak and birch Several species of eucalyptus, acacia, pepper, Flathead Borers Family: Buprestidae X X X X Psyllids Family: Psyllidae X X trees and more and more. Sugar maple and aspens, oaks; Water Tupelo, Red Oak Borer Enaphalodes rufulus Red Oak group X X Forest Tent Caterpil- sweetgum, Swamp Black Gum; cottonwood,elms; Malocosoma disstria X X X lar Red Alder and willow, birch, flowering cherry, Coconut and areca palms, ornamental palms basswood, ash including hurricane or princess palm, Christ- Subfamily: Oak, willow, elm, maple, walnut, hickory, pine, Red Palm Mite Raoiella indica Hirst mas palm, bird of paradise, Strelitzia reginae X Gall Midges X Cecidomyiinae locust Banks gingers, Alpinia purpurata Vieill., and Etlingera elatior Gypsy Moth Lynamtria dispar Many oak species, White Oaks preferred X X X Pinewood Nema- Bursaphelenchus Hemlock Woolly Pine, cedar, spruce X Adelges tsugae Hemlock X X tode xylophilis Adelgid Hemlock, spruce, Arborvitae, oaks, magnolia, Honeylocust Plant Diaphnocoris chlo- Root Weevil (adults) Family: Curculionidae X Honeylocust X X Sassafras, yellow poplar Bug rionis Many species of hardwoods including beech, Roundheaded Bor- Conifers: Including spruce, Ponderosa and Lodge- Family: Cerambycidae birch, elm, ash, hickory and more. Also seen in X X Ips Engraver Beetles Family: Scolytidae X X ers pole Pines, Engelman Spruce, Limber pines softwoods including elm and pine Horsechestnut, maple, birch, citrus, eucalyptus, Royal Palm Bugs Xylastodoris luteolus Cuban royal palms (Roystonea regia) X X X black walnut, Crape Myrtle, larch, crabapple, Japanese Beetle Popillia japonica X X X Rugose Spiraling Aleurodicus Palm, Gumbo Limbo, Mango, Avocado, tropical sycamore, poplar, cherry, plum, peach, Pin Oak, X X Sassafras, Mountain Ash, Linden, elm Whitefly rugioperculatus ornamental trees and shubs Sycamore, oak, hackberry, basswood, haw- Corythucha spp.; Sawfly Larvae Suborder: Symphyta Pines, spruce, ash, larch, birch, willow X X X X Lace Bugs thorne, crabapple, Mt. Ash, Shadbush, Mountain X X Superfamily: Pines, spruce, firs, hemlock, lilac, ash, willow, Stephanitis spp. Scale Insects (Hard) X X Ash Coccoidea Mountain Ash, maple, linden, elms Orders: Lepidoptera, Oak, birch, beech, elm, flowering cherry, haw- Leaf Miners X X X X Diptera, Hymenoptera thorn, and honeylocust Pine (pine tortoise), magnolia, tuliptree, shade trees and ornamental plants (European fruit Scale Insects (Soft) Family: Coccidae X X X Leafhoppers Family: Cicadellidae Broad host range X X lecanium), spruce (spruce bud), and maple Ornamental trees including ash, birch, box elder, (cottony maple scales) elm, locust, maple, poplar, rose and willow. Aza- All species of pine, but they show a strong Leafrollers Family: Tortricidae X X Southern Pine Dendroctonus frontalis Sol - Fruit and nut trees including almond, apple, preference for southern yellow pine species X X Beetle Zimmermann apricot, cherry, citrus, pear, plum, and walnut such as shortleaf, Virginia and pitch pines Linden, red and White Oak, maples, elms, hicko- Linden Looper Erannis tiliaria X X Spider Mites Family: Tetranychidae Coniferous plants, and many other hosts X ries, ash, and cherry Many tree species including hardwoods and coni- Spring Cankerworm Paleacrita vernata Oak, elm, most common X X Longhorned Borers Cerambycidae X X X X fers susceptible, in particular, stressed trees Spruce Beetle Dendroctonus rufipennis Spruce X X Family: Many species; ficus, palm, Catalpa, peach, pear, Mealy Bugs X X X Tent Caterpillars Family: Lasiocampidae Alder, ash, birch, cottonwood, and willow X X Pseudococcidae citrus, and more Homadaula Dogwood, magnolia,maple, palm, viburnum, Mimosa Webworm Mimosa, honeylocust X Thrips Order: Thysanoptera X X X anisocentra maple Douglas fir, fir, maple, horsechestnut, birch, Mites Subclass: Acari Many host species; conifers especially suscpetible X Tussock Moth Family: Lymantriidae X X X sycamore, poplar, linden, elm, rose & larch Dendroctonus Mountain Pine Beetle Pine, frequently on Lodgepole and sugar pine X X Pecan plantations, but also to lumber trees ponderosae Twig Girdler Oncideres cingulata X such as hickory, oak, poplar and elm Pitch, Virginia, Scotch Pine, in New England and Oaks: Southern red, northern red, pin, willow, black, Nantucket Pine Tip Mid-Atlantic, Shortleaf Pine in Central States, Variable Oakleaf Rhyacionia frustrana X X Heterocampa manteo laurel, bur, and post oaks. Exotic oaks, beech, bass- X X Moth Monterey Pine in California, Loblolly and Short- Caterpillar leaf in South wood, paper birch, and American Elm Dendroctonus Anisota senatoria; Western Pine Beetle Coulter and Ponderosa Pines X X Oak Worms A. Virginiensis; Most species of oak X X X brevicomis Douglas-fir, grand fir, white fir, subalpine fir, A. Stigma Western Spruce Choristoneura Fruit trees including apricots, nectarines, plums corkbark fir, blue spruce, Engelmann Spruce, X X Peach Twig Borer Anarsia lineatella X Budworm occidentalis Freeman and prunes, as well as peaches white spruce, and western larch Synanthedon exi- Fruit trees including peach, cherry, plum and Sitka; white, Engelmann spruce, black spruce, Peach Tree Borer X Norway Spruce, Lodgepole Pine , white pine, tiosa other stone fruits White Pine Weevil Pissodes strobi X X Leptoglossus and red pine, jack pine, Scots pine, red spruce, Pine Cone Seed Bug Conifers X X Tetyra spp. Colorado Blue Spruce, Douglas-fir, pitch pine Ash, Red Bud, Bradford Pear, oak, chestnut,
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  • Influence of Habitat and Bat Activity on Moth Community Composition and Seasonal Phenology Across Habitat Types

    Influence of Habitat and Bat Activity on Moth Community Composition and Seasonal Phenology Across Habitat Types

    INFLUENCE OF HABITAT AND BAT ACTIVITY ON MOTH COMMUNITY COMPOSITION AND SEASONAL PHENOLOGY ACROSS HABITAT TYPES BY MATTHEW SAFFORD THESIS Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Entomology in the Graduate College of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2018 Urbana, Illinois Advisor: Assistant Professor Alexandra Harmon-Threatt, Chair and Director of Research ABSTRACT Understanding the factors that influence moth diversity and abundance is important for monitoring moth biodiversity and developing conservation strategies. Studies of moth habitat use have primarily focused on access to host plants used by specific moth species. How vegetation structure influences moth communities within and between habitats and mediates the activity of insectivorous bats is understudied. Previous research into the impact of bat activity on moths has primarily focused on interactions in a single habitat type or a single moth species of interest, leaving a large knowledge gap on how habitat structure and bat activity influence the composition of moth communities across habitat types. I conducted monthly surveys at sites in two habitat types, restoration prairie and forest. Moths were collected using black light bucket traps and identified to species. Bat echolocation calls were recorded using ultrasonic detectors and classified into phonic groups to understand how moth community responds to the presence of these predators. Plant diversity and habitat structure variables, including tree diameter at breast height, ground cover, and vegetation height were measured during summer surveys to document how differences in habitat structure between and within habitats influences moth diversity. I found that moth communities vary significantly between habitat types.