DOCSLIB.ORG

IN CANNABIS ADVANCED CANNABIS HPLC Pesticide METHOD Testing Development for Baseline Resolution of Seventeen Cannabinoids

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

MAY/JUN 2019 I www.terpenesandtesting.com TERPENES HORTICULTURE CHEMISTRY & ANALYTICS Increasing RETURN ON Getting to INVESTMENT for Pesticide THE ROOT OF Analysis IN CANNABIS ADVANCED CANNABIS HPLC Pesticide METHOD Testing Development for Baseline Resolution of Seventeen Cannabinoids UNTANGLING TERPENES Defining a Cultivar's Fragrant Ensemble Using 2D Chromatography Mycotoxins TO CARRY THE TORCH IN CANNABIS Welcoming the Next-Generation Lessons from Other Stored and Packaged Goods of Cannabis Scientists Developing Better Products through Natural Chemistry Penta Manufacturing Company is Family Owned and Operated for Over 40 Years. Here is a partial listing of our Family of Natural Terpene ingredients utilized in flavor & fragrance formulations. For detailed paperwork on all of our items consult our web site at www.pentamfg.com ■ BAY OIL TERPENES ■ LEMON TERPENES EX-5 FOLD ■ BERGAMOT TERPENES ■ LIME OIL TERPENES ■ CEDARWOOD TERPENES ■ LITSEA CUBEBA OIL TERPENES ■ CITRAL TERPENES ■ ORANGE TERPENES ■ CITRONELLA TERPENES ■ PEPPERMINT TERPENES ■ CLOVE TERPENES ■ PETITGRAIN OIL TERPENES ■ CORNMINT OIL TERPENES ■ RHODINYL TERPENES ■ EUCALYPTUS TERPENES ■ ROSEMARY TERPENES ■ GRAPEFRUIT OIL TERPENES ■ SPEARMINT OIL TERPENES ■ GRAPEFRUIT OIL TERPENES 5 FOLD ■ THIOTERPENES ■ LEMONGRASS OIL TERPENES ■ VETIVER TERPENES ■ LEMON TERPENES DISTILLED For a complete list of all our natural, natural identical and synthetic ingredients visit us at www.pentamfg.com Penta Manufacturing Company A Division of Penta International Corporation 50 Okner Parkway, Livingston, New Jersey 07039-1604 Phone: (973) 740-2300 Fax: (973) 740-1839 E-Mail: [email protected] Web: www.pentamfg.com PF1904_penta_balloon.indd 1 3/4/19 1:31 PM Letter from April 15th, 2019 the Editor This issue serves as a prelude to our upcoming conference, legitimacy within the industry, and increased levels of CONCENTRATION 2019. We wanted to divide and conquer consumer mistrust. In short, a lose-lose situation for all Publisher PREVENT each pathway that we explore in our publications with our those involved. MACE Media Group conferences this year, and as such, Concentration 2019 Therefore, it’s integral for laboratories and cannabis CEO will focus on the extraction of cannabis and hemp. Later in Celeste Miranda early August, CannaFarmCon 2019 will delve into cannabis farmers and product manufacturers to arm themselves with END-TO-END defensible data. To that end, instrument manufacturers are Editor-in-Chief farming and agronomy. The quantitative analysis of analytes Jason S. Lupoi, Ph.D. and contaminants in botanical plants and products is consistently venturing out onto the frontier, designing more ubiquitous, therefore, analytical chemistry will be integral to sensitive and specific instrumentation, all the while aiming Authors: CONTAMINATION each symposium we do. for lower costs. They are also increasingly developing Cindy S. Orser PhD turnkey solutions such that those with less experience with Edward Franklin, PhD. The analytical chemist knows that, blessing or curse, in any analytical instrumentation can still utilize the tool in their Melissa Wilcox direct he or she looks, there is data to be studied. It’s all quest for wisdom. Kimberly Ross, PhD. data, isn’t it? From the sampling of whatever, measurement Sean Myers by whichever device, to the processing of the results. You may find this issue to be heavy on mass spectrometry, Stephen Goldman, M.Sc. These words could describe a sensory analysis of a smell, and for good reason. While chromatographical separations Kevin Koby perhaps the deceivingly funky fragrance of Vic Secret hops; have been well-discussed, increasing demands for ensuring Marco Troiani or the analysis of cannabis inflorescences for pesticide and product safety require more sensitive detectors. Consider Savino Sguera mycotoxin contamination. Sample, measure, process…these pesticide analysis. Given the glut of analytes that need to Toby Astill Alex Hodgson, M.S. three terms are at the core of analytical decision making. be quantified when declaring a product pesticide-free (or at least below permissible concentrations), instrumentation Chris Hernandez, M.S. In some cases, left over extraction solvents remain in the product. These impurities can be toxic, And whether you’re a cannabis farmer, processor, scientist, Milan Patel medical doctor, regulator, caregiver, consumer, or even that not only resolves the assortment of chemicals, but also pushes detection limit boundaries can better ensure Carl Yamashiro, PhD. which is why residual solvent analysis is a critical element of cannabis testing. The Clarus® skeptic, there are analytical decisions to be made. Cannabis Bob Clifford, PhD. SQ 8 GC/MS is unsurpassed in both sensitivity and stability. Coupled with the TurboMatrix™ success. and/or its subsidiaries. Inc. are the property of PerkinElmer, or registered trademarks All trademarks Inc. PerkinElmer, © 2018 analytics define the legitimacy of the industry. They validate it. Heather Reece There’s no reason or excuse to be without data. Or to Jeff Dahl, PhD. headspace sampler and engineered to deliver unparalleled precision, accuracy, and productivity, Which brings us to this issue. Given that CONCENTRATION ® gamble on product quality. While meticulous labs act Vikki Johnson the Clarus GC/MS system is the clear choice for laboratories serving the cannabis market. Our Clarus GC/MS with TurboMatrix™ Headspace 2019 will be divvied up between extraction and analytical Dylan Wilks, PhD. science and technology, we found it fitting to mirror as industry sentinels, protecting the populace from preinstalled method for GC/MS-HS technology leverages the identical instrumentation required those themes herein. One of the most prevalent topics contaminated products, there’s accessible knowledge to Designer for terpene analysis, allowing the streamlined lab to run both tests simultaneously. in the media regards the failure of cannabis samples for excavate, for any cannabis business to embrace. Marko Nedeljkovic containing contamination beyond permissible levels. Until next time, Advertising: Some of these samples made it into dispensaries, forging Mark Nockels For more information on visit: www.perkinelmer.com/cannabis a scenario rife with finger-pointing, fines, decreased Cheers. Casey Walsh All your processing needs, inside and out. Decarboxylation • Distillation • Extraction • Mixing • Recrystallization • Solvent Recovery Need AD 800-223-4524 aceglass.com TT-halfpagebleed-Q2.indd 1 4/16/2019 8:07:11 AM To Carry the Torch: 08 The Next-Generation of Cannabis Scientists Contents Everything is 12 Turning Up Terpenes! CANNABIS CHEMISTRY SUBDIVISION IS PROUD TO PRESENT THE HPLC Method Development for 16 Baseline Resolution of Seventeen Cannabinoids 20 Mycotoxins in Cannabis - Lessons from Other Stored and Packaged Goods ElSohLy Award The Fundamentals of LC/MS 24 “I am honored for the ACS Cannabis Chemistry Subdivision to name the EISohly Award after me. I am excited to meet new talented scientists who are working on cannabis chemistry and are deserving of this award.” Dr. Mahmoud ElSohly 30 Untangling Terpenes The first ever award in cannabis chemistry is given to scientists so that they can share their work at the American Chemical Society’s National Meeting Tips and Challenges for Defensible Analysis each year. 32 of Pesticides in Cannabis Products “Winning this award is an honor. I am pleased, as a 2018 scholarship winner, to help select the 2019 winners and to help shape the future of the Bryant Jones Dr. Monica Vialpando Getting to the Root of EISohly Award. This is just what the cannabis industry needed and it’s 38 Advanced Cannabis Pesticide Testing great to see this coming out of the ACS. The Cannabis Chemistry Subdivision has been so prolific as a subdivision, I look forward to seeing how much they can accomplish as a full ACS division.” Not the UV/Vis You Grew Up with: Terpene Isomer Analysis Dr. Jahan Marcu 42 with Gas Chromatography – Vacuum Ultraviolet Spectroscopy Michael Coffin Stephen Goldman Microbes: Why You Don’t Want Them in Cannabis 46 and What’s the Best Way to Test for Them Dr. Melissa Lewis Dr. Jahan Marcu Dr. John de la Para Dr. Mark Scialdone Dr. Linda Klumpers Dr. Michael Schafroth Andrew Pham Increasing Return on Investment 52 for Pesticide Analysis in Cannabis To apply please send your abstract and resume to [email protected] by July 1. In-House Analytical Testing: 56 Spending Money to Save Money www.cannachem.org Follow us at @canndchas SPONSORED BY HEIDOLPH NORTH AMERICA 8 TERPENES & TESTING TERPENES & TESTING 9 To Carry the Torch: The Next-Generation of Cannabis Scientists By Jason S. Lupoi, PhD. Have you ever pondered the thought of nearly 16,000 chemists has bequeathed a generous glut of medicinal molecules for descending upon an odd land where kids and adults alike researchers to identify, quantify, and understand, as modern frolic with mice, dogs, and ducks? I lived it in early April Earthlings resuscitate ancestral knowledge, this time, however, 2019. And while the complete scene was rather daunting, a bolstering anecdote with scientific fact. Mahmoud ElSohly, specific happening beckoned like a revival. The occasion was Ph.D. has contributed a decent chunk of the available scientific the American Chemical Society (ACS) National Meeting. The literature on cannabis chemistry, and so, it was inspiring to city was none other than Orlando, Florida. And while hordes see ElSohly pass the proverbial torch to the awardees, whose flocked to vacate
Recommended publications
  • Characterization of Heat Reformed Naphtha Cracking Bottom Oil Extracts

    Characterization of Heat Reformed Naphtha Cracking Bottom Oil Extracts

    Carbon Vol. 9, No. 4 December 2008 pp. 289-293 Letters Characterization of Heat Reformed Naphtha Cracking Bottom Oil Extracts Jong Hyun Oh 1, Jae Young Lee1, Seok Hwan Kang2, Tai Hyung Rhee3 and Seung Kon Ryu1,♠ 1Departmentl of Chemical Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea 2Uniplatek co., Ltd. Of “themoQ” 104-10 Munji-dong Yuseong, Daejeon 305-380, Korea 3Chemical Matrials Team, TECHNO SEMICHEM Co., Ltd., Kongju 314-240, Korea ♠email: [email protected] (Received November 13, 2008; Accepted December 12, 2008) Abstract Naphtha Cracking Bottom (NCB) oil was heat reformed at various reforming temperature and time, and the volatile extracts were characterized including yields, molecular weight distributions, and representative compounds. The yield of extract increased as the increase of reforming temperature (360 ~ 420oC) and time (1 ~ 4 hr). Molecular weight of the as-received NCB oil was under 200, and those of extracts were distributed in the range of 100-250, and far smaller than those of precursor pitches of 380-550. Naphtalene-based compounds were more than 70% in the as-received NCB oil, and most of them were isomers of compounds bonding functional groups, such as methyl (CH3-) and ethyl (C2H5-). When the as-received NCB oil was reformed at 360oC for 1 hr, the most prominent compound was 1,2-Butadien, 3-phenyl- (24.57%), while naphthalene became main component again as increasing the reforming temperature. Keywords : NCB oil, pitch, extract analysis, heat reforming 1. Introduction preparation of precursor pitch for pitch-based carbon fiber. The extracts were characterized to investigate the molecular 860 million barrel per year of petroleum oil was refined in weight distribution, representative compounds, yield, and Korea, 2004 [1].
  • 2017 Global Drug Survey

    2017 Global Drug Survey

    Prepared by the GDS Core Research Team Dr Adam Winstock, Dr Monica Barratt, Dr Jason Ferris & Dr Larissa Maier Global overview and highlights N > 115,000 Global Drug Survey GDS2017 © Not to be reproduced without authors permission Hi everyone On behalf of the GDS Core Research Team and everyone of our amazing international network partners and supportive media organisations we’d like to share our headline report deck. I know it won’t have everything that everyone wants but we are hopeful it will give people an idea of how the world of drugs is changing and highlight some of the key things that we think people can better engage with to keep themselves and those they care for safe. Once we cleaned the data from 150,000 people we chose to use data from just under 120,000 people this year for these reports. We have data reports addressing 18 different areas for over 25 countries. We can only share a fraction of what we have here on the site. However, we are very open to sharing the other findings we have and would ask researchers and public health groups to contact us so we can discuss funding and collaboration. We have almost completed designing GDS2018 so that we can start piloting early and give countries where we have not yet found friends to reach out to us. We particularly want to hear from people in Japan, Eastern Europe, Africa and the Middle East. Dr Adam R Winstock Founder and CEO Global Drug Survey Consultant Psychiatrist and Addiction Medicine Specialist Global Drug Survey GDS2017 © Not to be reproduced without authors permission We think this will be interesting.
  • Access to Medicinal Cannabis: Meeting Patient Needs

    Access to Medicinal Cannabis: Meeting Patient Needs

    Access to medicinal cannabis: meeting patient needs All-Party Parliamentary Group for Drug Policy Reform Inquiry Report “The enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health is one of the fundamental rights of every human being without distinction of race, religion, political belief, economic or social condition.” Constitution of the World Health Organisation drawn up in 1946 in conformity with the Charter of the United Nations Foreword For six years, the All-Party Parliamentary Group for Drug Policy Reform has worked for an end to the “war on drugs” driven by the USA and supported by the UN. In our “Guidance on Interpreting the UN Drugs Conventions”, we called for three major changes: 1. evidence-based drugs policy; 2. policy that genuinely promotes the health and welfare of mankind driven by human rights and public health values; 3. flexibility for Member States to develop drug policy within the UN Conventions based on our four “Guidance” principles. We have had meetings with the President of the UN Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC); the Executive Director of the UN Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC); and the Deputy Secretary General of the UN. We have organised international meetings of Ministers and senior officials in Westminster and spoken at international meetings in New York, Brussels and Cartagena, Colombia. At the UN General Assembly Special Session (UNGASS) held in April 2016, we witnessed both the USA and the UN leadership reject a moralistic and prohibitionist approach to the global drug problem. Instead, the UN and US leaders called for all our proposed changes to global drugs policy.
  • Chem 22 Homework Set 12 1. Naphthalene Is Colorless, Tetracene

    Chem 22 Homework Set 12 1. Naphthalene Is Colorless, Tetracene

    Chem 22 Homework set 12 1. Naphthalene is colorless, tetracene is orange, and azulene is blue. naphthalene tetracene azulene (a) Based on the colors observed for tetracene and azulene, what color or light does each compound absorb? (b) About what wavelength ranges do these colors correspond to? (c) Naphthalene has a conjugated π-system, so we know it must absorb somewhere in the UV- vis region of the EM spectrum. Where does it absorb? (d) What types of transitions are responsible for the absorptions? (e) Based on the absorption wavelengths, which cmpd has the smallest HOMO-LUMO gap? (f) How do you account for the difference in absorption λs of naphthalene vs tetracene? (g) Thinking about the factors that affect the absorption wavelengths, why does azulene not seem to follow the trend seen with the first two hydrocarbons? (h) Use the Rauk Hückelator (www.chem.ucalgary.ca/SHMO/) to determine the HOMO-LUMO gaps of each compound in β units. The use of this program will be demonstrated during Monday's class. 2. (a) What are the Hückel HOMO-LUMO gaps (in units of β) for the following molecules? Remember that we need to focus just on the π-systems. Use the Rauk Hückelator. (b) Use the Rauk Hückelator to draw some conjugated polyenes — linear as well as branched. Look at the HOMO. What is the correlation between the phases (ignore the sizes) of the p- orbitals that make up the HOMO and the positions of the double- and single-bonds in the Lewis structure? What is the relationship between the phases of p-orbitals of the LUMO to those of the HOMO? (c) Use your answer from part b and the pairing theorem to sketch the HOMO and LUMO of the polyenes below (again, just the phases — don't worry about the relative sizes of the p- orbitals).
  • Iridium-Catalyzed Borylation of Arenes and Heteroarenes Via C–H Activation*

    Iridium-Catalyzed Borylation of Arenes and Heteroarenes Via C–H Activation*

    Pure Appl. Chem., Vol. 78, No. 7, pp. 1369–1375, 2006. doi:10.1351/pac200678071369 © 2006 IUPAC Iridium-catalyzed borylation of arenes and heteroarenes via C–H activation* Tatsuo Ishiyama and Norio Miyaura‡ Division of Chemical Process Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan Abstract: Direct C–H borylation of aromatic compounds catalyzed by a transition-metal complex was studied as an economical protocol for the synthesis of aromatic boron deriva- tives. Iridium complexes generated from Ir(I) precursors and 2,2'-bipyridine ligands effi- ciently catalyzed the reactions of arenes and heteroarenes with bis(pinacolato)diboron or pinacolborane to produce a variety of aryl- and heteroarylboron compounds. The catalytic cycle involves the formation of a tris(boryl)iridium(III) species and its oxidative addition to an aromatic C–H bond. Keywords: iridium catalyst; arylboron compounds; C–H activation; pinacolborane; bis(pina- colato)diboron. INTRODUCTION Aromatic boron derivatives are an important class of compounds, the utility of which has been amply demonstrated in various fields of chemistry. Traditional methods for their synthesis are based on the re- actions of trialkylborates with aromatic lithium or magnesium reagents derived from aromatic halides [1]. Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling of aromatic halides with tetra(alkoxo)diborons or di(alkoxo)boranes is a milder variant where the preparation of magnesium and lithium reagents is avoided [2,3]. Alternatively, transition-metal-catalyzed aromatic C–H borylation of aromatic compounds by pina- colborane (HBpin, pin = O2C2Me4) or bis(pinacolato)diboron (B2pin2) is highly attractive as a con- venient, economical, and environmentally benign process for the synthesis of aromatic boron com- pounds without any halogenated reactant, which has been studied extensively by Hartwig, Marder, and η4 Smith [4–6].
  • Azulene—A Bright Core for Sensing and Imaging

    Azulene—A Bright Core for Sensing and Imaging

    molecules Review Azulene—A Bright Core for Sensing and Imaging Lloyd C. Murfin * and Simon E. Lewis Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK; [email protected] * Correspondence: lloyd.murfi[email protected] Abstract: Azulene is a hydrocarbon isomer of naphthalene known for its unusual colour and fluores- cence properties. Through the harnessing of these properties, the literature has been enriched with a series of chemical sensors and dosimeters with distinct colorimetric and fluorescence responses. This review focuses specifically on the latter of these phenomena. The review is subdivided into two sec- tions. Section one discusses turn-on fluorescent sensors employing azulene, for which the literature is dominated by examples of the unusual phenomenon of azulene protonation-dependent fluorescence. Section two focuses on fluorescent azulenes that have been used in the context of biological sensing and imaging. To aid the reader, the azulene skeleton is highlighted in blue in each compound. Keywords: fluorescence; azulene; sensor; dosimeter; bioimaging; chemosensor; chemodosimeter 1. Introduction Azulene, 1, is an isomer of naphthalene, 2, composed of fused 5- and 7-membered ring systems (Figure1) and named for its vibrant blue colour. Unlike naphthalene, azulene is a non-alternant hydrocarbon, possessing nodal points at C-2 and C-6 of the HOMO and C-1 and C-3 of the LUMO [1]. The location of these nodes results in low electronic repulsion in the S1 singlet excited state, affording a relatively small HOMO-LUMO gap. Hence, the S0!S1 transition arises from absorption in the visible region. Conversely, in naphthalene, coefficient magnitudes remain consistent for each position in both the HOMO Citation: Murfin, L.C.; Lewis, S.E.
  • Coulomb Pairing Resonances in Multiple-Ring Aromatic Molecules

    Coulomb Pairing Resonances in Multiple-Ring Aromatic Molecules

    Coulomb pairing resonances in multiple-ring aromatic molecules D.L. Huber* Physics Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA Abstract We present an analysis of pairing resonances observed in photo-double-ionization studies of CnHm aromatic molecules with multiple benzene-like rings. The analysis, which is based on the Coulomb pairing model, is applied to naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene, pyrene and coronene, all of which have six-member rings, and azulene which is comprised of a five-member and a seven-member ring. There is a high energy resonance at ~ 40 eV that is found in all of the molecules cited and is associated with paired electrons localized on carbon sites on the perimeter of the molecule, each of which having two carbon sites as nearest neighbors. The low energy resonance at 10 eV, which is found only in pyrene and coronene, is attributed to the formation of paired HOMO electrons localized on arrays of interior carbon atoms that have the point symmetry of the molecule with each carbon atom having three nearest neighbors. The origin of the anomalous increase in the doubly charged to singly charged parent-ion ratio that is found above the 40 eV resonance in all of the cited molecules except coronene is discussed. *Mailing address: Physics Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1150 University Ave., Madison, WI 53711, USA; e-mail: [email protected] 1 1. Introduction Recent studies of photo-double-ionization in CnHm multiple-ring (polycylic) aromatic molecules have revealed the existence of anomalous resonances in the ratio of the cross sections of doubly charged parent ions to singly charged parent ions I(2+)/I(1+) [1-4].
  • Impact of Lipid Sources on Quality Traits of Medical Cannabis-Based Oil Preparations

    Impact of Lipid Sources on Quality Traits of Medical Cannabis-Based Oil Preparations

    molecules Article Impact of Lipid Sources on Quality Traits of Medical Cannabis-Based Oil Preparations Alberto Ramella 1, Gabriella Roda 2, Radmila Pavlovic 3,*, Michele Dei Cas 4 , Eleonora Casagni 2, Giacomo Mosconi 3, Francisco Cecati 5, Paola Minghetti 2 and Carlo Grizzetti 6 1 Farmacia Dott.ri Giuliana e Alberto Ramella–SAS, Via A. Diaz 1, 21021 Angera (VA), Italy; [email protected] 2 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via L. Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy; [email protected] (G.R.); [email protected] (E.C.); [email protected] (P.M.) 3 Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; [email protected] 4 Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via A.di Rudinì 8, 20142 Milan, Italy; [email protected] 5 INTEQUI-CONICET, Faculty of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmacy, National University of San Luis, Almirante Brown 1455, San Luis CP 5700, Argentina; [email protected] 6 S.S.D. Cure Palliative e Terapia del Dolore, Ospedale di Circolo–Fondazione Macchi, ASST Sette Laghi, Viale L. Borri 57, 21100 Varese, Italy; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Academic Editor: Maria Carla Marcotullio Received: 2 June 2020; Accepted: 29 June 2020; Published: 30 June 2020 Abstract: The feasibility of the use of two lipid sources and their impact on the cannabinoid profile, terpene fingerprint, and degradation products in medical cannabis oil preparations during 3 months of refrigerated storage time were investigated. LCHRMS-Orbitrap® and HS-SPME coupled to GC-MS for the investigation of targeted and untargeted cannabinoids, terpenes, and lipid degradation products in Bedrocan® and Bediol® macerated oils were used as analytical approaches.
  • 1 Towards a Solution of the Polycyclic Aromatic

    1 Towards a Solution of the Polycyclic Aromatic

    TOWARDS A SOLUTION OF THE POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBON – DIFFUSE INTERSTELLAR BAND HYPOTHESIS Xiaofeng Tan ([email protected]) Abstract. A novel theoretical method is developed to study the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon – diffuse interstellar band (PAH-DIB) hypothesis. In this method, a computer program is used to enumerate all PAH molecules with up to a specific number of fused benzene rings. Fast quantum chemical calculations are then employed to calculate the electronic transition energies, oscillator strengths, and rotational constants of these molecules. An electronic database of all PAHs with up to any specific number of benzene rings can be constructed this way. Comparison of the electronic transition energies, oscillator strengths, and rotational band contours of all PAHs in the database with astronomical spectra allows one to identify possible individual PAH carriers of some of the intense narrow DIBs. Using the current database containing up to 10 benzene rings we have selected 8 closed-shell PAHs as possible carriers of the intense λ6614 DIB. 1. Introduction The diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs) are absorption features in the near ultraviolet (UV) to near infrared (IR) spectral range seen in the spectra of stars obscured by diffuse interstellar clouds. Since their discovery in 1922,1 the identification of the carriers of these bands has been a long-standing challenge for scientists of the 20th century. In the past two decades, the hypothesis that free gas-phase PAHs may carry some of the DIBs has become a consensus – which
  • PTW 1-19 INH 190318 V07.Indd

    PTW 1-19 INH 190318 V07.Indd

    Herausgegeben von der Schweizer Charta für Psychotherapie in der Assoziation Schweizer Psychotherapeutinnen und Psychotherapeuten Psychotherapie-Wissenschaft Science Psychothérapeutique WWW.PSYCHOTHERAPIE-WISSENSCHAFT.INFO Kultur, Religion und Psychotherapie Culture, religion et psychothérapie Cultura, religione e psicoterapia 9 . Jahrgang Heft 1 / 2019 Herausgegeben von Mario Schlegel und Nicola Gianinazzi ISSN 1664-9583 Psychosozial-Verlag Impressum Psychotherapie-Wissenschaft Abo-Verwaltung ISSN 1664-9583 (Print-Version) Psychosozial-Verlag ISSN 1664-9591 (digitale Version) [email protected] 9. Jahrgang Heft 1/2019 https://doi.org/10.30820/1664-9583-2019-1 Bezugsgebühren Jahresabonnement 44,90 € (zzgl. Versand) Herausgeber Einzelheft 24,90 € (zzgl. Versand) Schweizer Charta für Psychotherapie in der Assoziation Studierende erhalten gegen Nachweis 25 % Rabatt. Schweizer Psychotherapeutinnen und Psychotherapeuten Das Abonnement verlängert sich um jeweils ein Jahr, sofern nicht eine Geschäftsstelle ASP Abbestellung bis acht Wochen vor Ende des Bezugszeitraums erfolgt. Riedtlistr. 8 ASP-Mitglieder wenden sich wegen des Abonnements bitte CH-8006 Zürich direkt an die ASP. Tel. +41 43 268 93 00 www. psychotherapie.ch Anzeigen Anfragen zu Anzeigen bitte an den Verlag: Redaktion [email protected] Rosmarie Barwinski, Zürich Es gelten die Preise der auf www.psychosozial-verlag.de Nicola Gianinazzi, Lugano einsehbaren Mediadaten. Astrid Grossert, Basel ASP-Mitglieder wenden sich bitte direkt an die Redaktion. Margit Koemeda, Zürich Mario Schlegel, Zürich Digitale Version Peter Schulthess, Zürich Die Zeitschrift Psychotherapie-Wissenschaft ist auch online einsehbar: www.psychotherapie-wissenschaft.info [email protected] www.psychotherapie-wissenschaft.info Hinweise für AutorInnen befinden sich auf der Homepage der Zeitschrift: www.psychotherapie-wissenschaft.info Die Beiträge dieser Zeitschrift sind unter der Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 DE Lizenz lizensiert.
  • EMCDDA Cannabis Reader

    EMCDDA Cannabis Reader

    ISSN 1606-1691 A cannabis reader: global issues and local experiences 05 06 15 TD-32-07-001-EN-C About the EMCDDA The European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) is one of the European Union’s decentralised agencies. Established in 1993 and based in Lisbon, it is the central source of comprehensive information on drugs and drug addiction in Europe. The EMCDDA collects, analyses and disseminates factual, objective, reliable and comparable information on drugs and drug addiction. In doing so, it provides its audiences with an evidence-based picture of the drug phenomenon at European level. The Centre’s publications are a prime source of information for a wide range of audiences including policy-makers and their advisers; professionals and researchers working in the drugs field; and, more broadly, the media and general public. EMCDDA monographs are comprehensive scientific publications containing thematic papers prepared in the context of the Centre’s activities. Topics cover a wide range of issues relating to science, policy, epidemiology and best EMCDDA practice. MONOGRAPHS A cannabis reader: global issues and local experiences Price (excluding VAT) in Luxembourg: EUR 20 per volume MONOGRAPHS EMCDDA VOL. I VOL. 8 8 I VOLUME EMCDDA MONOGRAPHS A cannabis reader: global issues and local experiences Perspectives on cannabis controversies, treatment and regulation in Europe Editors Sharon Rödner Sznitman, Börje Olsson, Robin Room 8 I VOLUME Legal notice This publication of the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) is protected by copyright. The EMCDDA accepts no responsibility or liability for any consequences arising from the use of the data contained in this document.
  • And Trisubstituted Azulenes Using a Danheiser Annulation As the Key Step: an Advanced Organic Laboratory Experiment Rebecca M

    And Trisubstituted Azulenes Using a Danheiser Annulation As the Key Step: an Advanced Organic Laboratory Experiment Rebecca M

    Masthead Logo Smith ScholarWorks Chemistry: Faculty Publications Chemistry 10-15-2012 Synthesis of Di- and Trisubstituted Azulenes Using a Danheiser Annulation as the Key Step: An Advanced Organic Laboratory Experiment Rebecca M. Thomas Kevin M. Shea Smith College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.smith.edu/chm_facpubs Part of the Chemistry Commons Recommended Citation Thomas, Rebecca M. and Shea, Kevin M., "Synthesis of Di- and Trisubstituted Azulenes Using a Danheiser Annulation as the Key Step: An Advanced Organic Laboratory Experiment" (2012). Chemistry: Faculty Publications, Smith College, Northampton, MA. https://scholarworks.smith.edu/chm_facpubs/13 This Article has been accepted for inclusion in Chemistry: Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of Smith ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected] Synthesis of Di- and Trisubstituted Azulenes Using a Danheiser Annulation as the Key Step: An Advanced Organic Laboratory Experiment Rebecca M. Thomas and Kevin M. Shea* Department of Chemistry, Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts 01063, United States ABSTRACT: This three-week experiment provides students with an inquiry-based approach focused on learning traditional skills like primary literature interpretation, reaction design, flash column chromatography, and NMR analysis. Additionally, students address higher order concepts like the origin of azulene’s blue color, the mechanism of the Danheiser annulation (step 1), identification of an unknown