Safety Assessment of Chamomile Ingredients As Used in Cosmetics

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Safety Assessment of Chamomile Ingredients As Used in Cosmetics Safety Assessment of Chamomile Ingredients as Used in Cosmetics Status: Scientific Literature Review for Public Comment Release Date: February 11, 2013 Panel Date: June 10-11, 2013 All interested persons are provided 60 days from the above date to comment on this Tentative Report and to identify additional published data that should be included or provide unpublished data which can be made public and included. Information may be submitted without identifying the source or the trade name of the cosmetic product containing the ingredient. All unpublished data submitted to CIR will be discussed in open meetings, will be available at the CIR office for review by any interested party and may be cited in a peer-reviewed scientific journal. Please submit data, comments, or requests to the CIR Director, Dr. F. Alan Andersen. The 2012 Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel members are: Chair, Wilma F. Bergfeld, M.D., F.A.C.P.; Donald V. Belsito, M.D.; Curtis D. Klaassen, Ph.D.; Daniel C. Liebler, Ph.D.; Ronald A Hill, Ph.D. James G. Marks, Jr., M.D.; Ronald C. Shank, Ph.D.; Thomas J. Slaga, Ph.D.; and Paul W. Snyder, D.V.M., Ph.D. The CIR Director is F. Alan Andersen, Ph.D. This report was prepared by Wilbur Johnson, Jr., M.S., Manager/Lead Specialist and Bart Heldreth, Ph.D., Chemist. © Cosmetic Ingredient Review 1101 17TH STREET, NW, SUITE 412 ◊ WASHINGTON, DC 20036-4702 ◊ PH 202.331.0651 ◊ FAX 202.331.0088 ◊ [email protected] ii Table of Contents INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................................................. 1 CHEMISTRY ..................................................................................................................................................................... 1 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES ................................................................................................................................... 1 METHOD OF MANUFACTURE.................................................................................................................................................... 1 COMPOSITION/IMPURITIES ....................................................................................................................................................... 1 USE ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 3 COSMETIC ................................................................................................................................................................................ 3 NON-COSMETIC ....................................................................................................................................................................... 4 TOXICOKINETICS .......................................................................................................................................................... 4 TOXICOLOGY .................................................................................................................................................................. 4 ACUTE TOXICITY ..................................................................................................................................................................... 4 Oral .................................................................................................................................................................................... 4 Dermal ............................................................................................................................................................................... 5 REPEATED DOSE TOXICITY ...................................................................................................................................................... 5 ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY ...................................................................................................................................................... 6 EFFECT ON NERVOUS SYSTEM ................................................................................................................................................. 7 OCULAR IRRITATION ............................................................................................................................................................... 8 SKIN IRRITATION ..................................................................................................................................................................... 8 SKIN IRRITATION AND SENSITIZATION ..................................................................................................................................... 8 Animal ................................................................................................................................................................................ 8 Human ................................................................................................................................................................................ 9 CASE REPORTS ...................................................................................................................................................................... 13 PHOTOTOXICITY .................................................................................................................................................................... 15 SENSORY IRRITATION ............................................................................................................................................................ 15 REPRODUCTIVE AND DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY .......................................................................................... 15 GENOTOXICITY ............................................................................................................................................................ 16 CARCINOGENICITY ..................................................................................................................................................... 17 ANTICARCINOGENICITY ......................................................................................................................................................... 17 BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY ............................................................................................................................................. 18 NEUTROPHIL ACTIVATION ..................................................................................................................................................... 18 ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY ........................................................................................................................................... 18 IMMUNOMODULATORY ACTIVITY .......................................................................................................................................... 18 ANTISPASMODIC ACTIVITY .................................................................................................................................................... 19 EFFECT ON SMOOTH MUSCLE CONTRACTION ........................................................................................................................ 19 ENZYME INHIBITION .............................................................................................................................................................. 20 ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY ....................................................................................................................................................... 20 HYPNOTIC/SEDATIVE ACTIVITY ............................................................................................................................................ 21 ANTIDIURETIC EFFECT ........................................................................................................................................................... 21 WOUND HEALING ACTIVITY .................................................................................................................................................. 22 SUMMARY ...................................................................................................................................................................... 22 iii INTRODUCTION This is a review of the available scientific literature relevant to evaluating the safety of chamomile (German chamomile [Chamomilla recutita (matricaria) and Roman chamomile [Anthemis nobilis]) ingredients as used in cosmetics. These function mostly as fragrance ingredients and skin conditioning agents in cosmetic products. In addition to being a skin conditioning agent, chamomilla recutita (matricaria) flower/leaf/stem extract, also functions as a flavoring agent and an oral care agent. It should be noted that chamomilla recutita (matricaria) flower oil and anthemis nobilis flower oil are also known as German chamomile oil and Roman chamomile oil, respectively.1 These names are used frequently in the published literature. CHEMISTRY The definitions of the chamomile ingredients presented in this scientific literature review are included in Table 1. Physical and Chemical Properties Chemical and physical properties of chamomilla recutita (matricaria) flower oil and anthemis nobilis flower oil are included in Table 2. Method of Manufacture Chamomilla Recutita (Matricaria)
Recommended publications
  • NEEM: the Divine Tree, Azadirachta Indica
    NEEM Copyright © 1999 OPA (Overseas Publishers Association) N.V. Published by license under the Harwood Academic Publishers imprint, part of The Gordon and Breach Publishing Group. Medicinal and Aromatic Plants—Industrial Profiles Individual volumes in this series provide both industry and academia with in-depth coverage of one major medicinal or aromatic plant of industrial importance. Edited by Dr Roland Hardman Volume 1 Valerian edited by Peter J.Houghton Volume 2 Perilla edited by He-Ci Yu, Kenichi Kosuna and Megumi Haga Volume 3 Poppy edited by Jeno Bernáth Volume 4 Cannabis edited by David T.Brown Volume 5 Neem H.S.Puri Other volumes in preparation Allium, edited by K.Chan Artemisia, edited by C.Wright Basil, edited by R.Hiltunen and Y.Holm Caraway, edited by É. Németh Cardamom, edited by PN.Ravindran and KJ.Madusoodanan Chamomile, edited by R.Franke and H.Schilcher Cinnamon and Cassia, edited by P.N.Ravindran and S.Ravindran Colchicum, edited by V.Simánek Curcuma, edited by B.A.Nagasampagi and A.P.Purohit Ergot, edited by V.Kren and L.Cvak Eucalyptus, edited by J.Coppen Ginkgo, edited by T.van Beek Ginseng, by W.Court Hypericum, edited by K.Berger Buter and B.Buter Illicium and Pimpinella, edited by M.Miró Jodral Kava, edited by Y.N.Singh Licorice, by L.E.Craker, L.Kapoor and N.Mamedov Piper Nigrum, edited by P.N.Ravindran Plantago, edited by C.Andary and S.Nishibe Please see the back of this book for other volumes in preparation in Medicinal and Aromatic Plants—Industrial Profiles Copyright © 1999 OPA (Overseas Publishers Association) N.V.
    [Show full text]
  • Characterization of Heat Reformed Naphtha Cracking Bottom Oil Extracts
    Carbon Vol. 9, No. 4 December 2008 pp. 289-293 Letters Characterization of Heat Reformed Naphtha Cracking Bottom Oil Extracts Jong Hyun Oh 1, Jae Young Lee1, Seok Hwan Kang2, Tai Hyung Rhee3 and Seung Kon Ryu1,♠ 1Departmentl of Chemical Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea 2Uniplatek co., Ltd. Of “themoQ” 104-10 Munji-dong Yuseong, Daejeon 305-380, Korea 3Chemical Matrials Team, TECHNO SEMICHEM Co., Ltd., Kongju 314-240, Korea ♠email: [email protected] (Received November 13, 2008; Accepted December 12, 2008) Abstract Naphtha Cracking Bottom (NCB) oil was heat reformed at various reforming temperature and time, and the volatile extracts were characterized including yields, molecular weight distributions, and representative compounds. The yield of extract increased as the increase of reforming temperature (360 ~ 420oC) and time (1 ~ 4 hr). Molecular weight of the as-received NCB oil was under 200, and those of extracts were distributed in the range of 100-250, and far smaller than those of precursor pitches of 380-550. Naphtalene-based compounds were more than 70% in the as-received NCB oil, and most of them were isomers of compounds bonding functional groups, such as methyl (CH3-) and ethyl (C2H5-). When the as-received NCB oil was reformed at 360oC for 1 hr, the most prominent compound was 1,2-Butadien, 3-phenyl- (24.57%), while naphthalene became main component again as increasing the reforming temperature. Keywords : NCB oil, pitch, extract analysis, heat reforming 1. Introduction preparation of precursor pitch for pitch-based carbon fiber. The extracts were characterized to investigate the molecular 860 million barrel per year of petroleum oil was refined in weight distribution, representative compounds, yield, and Korea, 2004 [1].
    [Show full text]
  • Review on Herbal Teas
    Chandini Ravikumar /J. Pharm. Sci. & Res. Vol. 6(5), 2014, 236-238 Review on Herbal Teas Chandini Ravikumar BDS Student, Savitha Dental College, Chennai Abstract: Herbal tea is essentially an herbal mixture made from leaves, seeds and/ or roots of various plants. As per popular misconception, they are not derived from the usual tea plants, but rather from what are called as ‘tisanes’. There are several kinds of tisanes (herbal teas) that have been used for their medicinal properties. Some of them being consumed for its energizing properties to help induce relaxation, to curb stomach or digestive problems and also strengthen the immune system. Some of the popular herbal teas are Black tea, Green tea, Chamomile tea, Ginger tea, Ginseng tea, Peppermint tea, Cinnamon tea etc. Some of these herbal teas possess extremely strong medicinal benefits such as, Astragalus tea, a Chinese native herb that is used for its anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial properties; which in many cases helps people living with HIV and AIDS. Demonstrating very few demerits, researchers continue to examine and vouch for the health benefits of drinking herbal teas. Key words:Camellia Sinensis, tisanes, types, medical benefits, ability to cure various ailments, advantages, disadvantages. INTRODUCTION: Herbal tea, according to many, look like tea and is brewed as the same way as tea, but in reality it is not considered a tea at all. This is due to the fact that they do not originate from the Camellia Sinensis bush, the plant from which all teas are made [1]. Herbal teas are actually mixtures of several ingredients, and are more accurately known as‘tisanes.’ Tisanes are made from combinations of dried leaves, seeds, grasses, nuts, barks, fruits, flowers, or other botanical elements that give them their taste and provide Image 1: Green tea the benefits of herbal teas [2].
    [Show full text]
  • Chem 22 Homework Set 12 1. Naphthalene Is Colorless, Tetracene
    Chem 22 Homework set 12 1. Naphthalene is colorless, tetracene is orange, and azulene is blue. naphthalene tetracene azulene (a) Based on the colors observed for tetracene and azulene, what color or light does each compound absorb? (b) About what wavelength ranges do these colors correspond to? (c) Naphthalene has a conjugated π-system, so we know it must absorb somewhere in the UV- vis region of the EM spectrum. Where does it absorb? (d) What types of transitions are responsible for the absorptions? (e) Based on the absorption wavelengths, which cmpd has the smallest HOMO-LUMO gap? (f) How do you account for the difference in absorption λs of naphthalene vs tetracene? (g) Thinking about the factors that affect the absorption wavelengths, why does azulene not seem to follow the trend seen with the first two hydrocarbons? (h) Use the Rauk Hückelator (www.chem.ucalgary.ca/SHMO/) to determine the HOMO-LUMO gaps of each compound in β units. The use of this program will be demonstrated during Monday's class. 2. (a) What are the Hückel HOMO-LUMO gaps (in units of β) for the following molecules? Remember that we need to focus just on the π-systems. Use the Rauk Hückelator. (b) Use the Rauk Hückelator to draw some conjugated polyenes — linear as well as branched. Look at the HOMO. What is the correlation between the phases (ignore the sizes) of the p- orbitals that make up the HOMO and the positions of the double- and single-bonds in the Lewis structure? What is the relationship between the phases of p-orbitals of the LUMO to those of the HOMO? (c) Use your answer from part b and the pairing theorem to sketch the HOMO and LUMO of the polyenes below (again, just the phases — don't worry about the relative sizes of the p- orbitals).
    [Show full text]
  • Iridium-Catalyzed Borylation of Arenes and Heteroarenes Via C–H Activation*
    Pure Appl. Chem., Vol. 78, No. 7, pp. 1369–1375, 2006. doi:10.1351/pac200678071369 © 2006 IUPAC Iridium-catalyzed borylation of arenes and heteroarenes via C–H activation* Tatsuo Ishiyama and Norio Miyaura‡ Division of Chemical Process Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan Abstract: Direct C–H borylation of aromatic compounds catalyzed by a transition-metal complex was studied as an economical protocol for the synthesis of aromatic boron deriva- tives. Iridium complexes generated from Ir(I) precursors and 2,2'-bipyridine ligands effi- ciently catalyzed the reactions of arenes and heteroarenes with bis(pinacolato)diboron or pinacolborane to produce a variety of aryl- and heteroarylboron compounds. The catalytic cycle involves the formation of a tris(boryl)iridium(III) species and its oxidative addition to an aromatic C–H bond. Keywords: iridium catalyst; arylboron compounds; C–H activation; pinacolborane; bis(pina- colato)diboron. INTRODUCTION Aromatic boron derivatives are an important class of compounds, the utility of which has been amply demonstrated in various fields of chemistry. Traditional methods for their synthesis are based on the re- actions of trialkylborates with aromatic lithium or magnesium reagents derived from aromatic halides [1]. Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling of aromatic halides with tetra(alkoxo)diborons or di(alkoxo)boranes is a milder variant where the preparation of magnesium and lithium reagents is avoided [2,3]. Alternatively, transition-metal-catalyzed aromatic C–H borylation of aromatic compounds by pina- colborane (HBpin, pin = O2C2Me4) or bis(pinacolato)diboron (B2pin2) is highly attractive as a con- venient, economical, and environmentally benign process for the synthesis of aromatic boron com- pounds without any halogenated reactant, which has been studied extensively by Hartwig, Marder, and η4 Smith [4–6].
    [Show full text]
  • Medication: Duloxetine (Cymbalta) 30 Mg
    Duloxetine (Cymbalta) COMPLEX CHRONIC DISEASES PROGRAM Medication Handout Date: May 15, 2018 Medication: Duloxetine (Cymbalta) 30 mg What is Duloxetine: Duloxetine is a type of medication called “Serotonin Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors” or “SNRIs” that was initially developed to treat depression. It works by altering the levels of certain transmitters in the brain such as noradrenalin and serotonin. Duloxetine can also be used in the treatment of anxiety, irritable bowel syndrome (with constipation), pain, and certain symptoms of myalgic encephalomyelitis / chronic fatigue syndrome (but not the fatigue itself). Expected Benefit: Usually takes 4 – 6 weeks to notice a benefit What to expect: “Transition” effects o These symptoms are the effects of your body getting used to the medication (i.e., transition onto the medication) o It’s different for everybody. Some people feel “not like themselves,” a bit anxious, or unusual. o These symptoms typically go away after 7 to 10 days o Please call the CCDP if the anxiety is intolerable. Watch for possible side effects: This list of side effects is important for you to be aware of however, it is also important to remember that not all side effects happen to everyone. If you have problems with these side effects talk with your doctor or pharmacist: Trouble sleeping that is more than usual Heart burn, stomach upset Sexual dysfunction High blood pressure (Make sure you family doctor is regularly checking your blood pressure) Stopping the medication: This medication should not be stopped abruptly. Your doctor may advise you to reduce the dose slowly to help prevent your symptoms from returning.
    [Show full text]
  • Azulene—A Bright Core for Sensing and Imaging
    molecules Review Azulene—A Bright Core for Sensing and Imaging Lloyd C. Murfin * and Simon E. Lewis Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK; [email protected] * Correspondence: lloyd.murfi[email protected] Abstract: Azulene is a hydrocarbon isomer of naphthalene known for its unusual colour and fluores- cence properties. Through the harnessing of these properties, the literature has been enriched with a series of chemical sensors and dosimeters with distinct colorimetric and fluorescence responses. This review focuses specifically on the latter of these phenomena. The review is subdivided into two sec- tions. Section one discusses turn-on fluorescent sensors employing azulene, for which the literature is dominated by examples of the unusual phenomenon of azulene protonation-dependent fluorescence. Section two focuses on fluorescent azulenes that have been used in the context of biological sensing and imaging. To aid the reader, the azulene skeleton is highlighted in blue in each compound. Keywords: fluorescence; azulene; sensor; dosimeter; bioimaging; chemosensor; chemodosimeter 1. Introduction Azulene, 1, is an isomer of naphthalene, 2, composed of fused 5- and 7-membered ring systems (Figure1) and named for its vibrant blue colour. Unlike naphthalene, azulene is a non-alternant hydrocarbon, possessing nodal points at C-2 and C-6 of the HOMO and C-1 and C-3 of the LUMO [1]. The location of these nodes results in low electronic repulsion in the S1 singlet excited state, affording a relatively small HOMO-LUMO gap. Hence, the S0!S1 transition arises from absorption in the visible region. Conversely, in naphthalene, coefficient magnitudes remain consistent for each position in both the HOMO Citation: Murfin, L.C.; Lewis, S.E.
    [Show full text]
  • Chamomile: a Herbal Medicine of the Past with a Bright Future (Review)
    MOLECULAR MEDICINE REPORTS 3: 895-901, 2010 Chamomile: A herbal medicine of the past with a bright future (Review) JANMEJAI K. SRIVASTAVA1,2,4, ESWAR SHANKAR1,2 and SANJAY GUPTA1-3 Department of Urology and Nutrition, 1Case Western Reserve University; 2University Hospitals Case Medical Center; 3Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA Received August 4, 2010; Accepted August 30, 2010 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2010.377 Abstract. Chamomile is one of the most ancient medicinal Contents herbs known to mankind. It is a member of the Asteraceae/ Compositae family and is represented by two common 1. Introduction varieties, German Chamomile (Chamomilla recutita) 2. Bioactive constituents of chamomile and Roman Chamomile (Chamaemelum nobile). The 3. Healthcare preparations with chamomile dried flowers of chamomile contain many terpenoids 4. Traditional uses of chamomile and flavonoids, which contribute to its medicinal properties. 5. Scientific evaluation of chamomile Chamomile preparations are commonly used for many 6. Contraindications and safety issues with chamomile human ailments, including hay fever, inflammation, muscle 7. Conclusions spasms, menstrual disorders, insomnia, ulcers, wounds, gastrointestinal disorders, rheumatic pain and hemorrhoids. Essential oils of chamomile are used extensively in cosmetics 1. Introduction and aromatherapy. Numerous preparations of chamomile have been developed, the most popular being in the form of The effect of plants on human health has been documented herbal tea, of which more than one million cups are consumed for thousands of years (1-3). Herbs have been integral to both every day. In this review, we describe the use of chamomile traditional and non-traditional forms of medicine dating back in traditional medicine with regard to evaluating its curative at least 5000 years (2,4-6).
    [Show full text]
  • Coulomb Pairing Resonances in Multiple-Ring Aromatic Molecules
    Coulomb pairing resonances in multiple-ring aromatic molecules D.L. Huber* Physics Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA Abstract We present an analysis of pairing resonances observed in photo-double-ionization studies of CnHm aromatic molecules with multiple benzene-like rings. The analysis, which is based on the Coulomb pairing model, is applied to naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene, pyrene and coronene, all of which have six-member rings, and azulene which is comprised of a five-member and a seven-member ring. There is a high energy resonance at ~ 40 eV that is found in all of the molecules cited and is associated with paired electrons localized on carbon sites on the perimeter of the molecule, each of which having two carbon sites as nearest neighbors. The low energy resonance at 10 eV, which is found only in pyrene and coronene, is attributed to the formation of paired HOMO electrons localized on arrays of interior carbon atoms that have the point symmetry of the molecule with each carbon atom having three nearest neighbors. The origin of the anomalous increase in the doubly charged to singly charged parent-ion ratio that is found above the 40 eV resonance in all of the cited molecules except coronene is discussed. *Mailing address: Physics Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1150 University Ave., Madison, WI 53711, USA; e-mail: [email protected] 1 1. Introduction Recent studies of photo-double-ionization in CnHm multiple-ring (polycylic) aromatic molecules have revealed the existence of anomalous resonances in the ratio of the cross sections of doubly charged parent ions to singly charged parent ions I(2+)/I(1+) [1-4].
    [Show full text]
  • Understanding Herbal Formulas.Pptx
    9/18/14 Why Herbal Formulas? Understanding Herbal Formulas Steven Horne, RH(AHG) Rifle or Shotgun? Herbal Recipes • Like creang a single dish from Single Herbs Herbal Formulas a recipe of ingredients, an • Have deep and subtle • Subtle acGons tend to herbal formula is more than the acGons, affecGng mulGple balance out, creang a sum of the single acGons of its ingredients systems and processes more generalized acGon • Herbs can both enhance and • When matched correctly to • Have a more generalized neutralize the effects of other a person’s symptoms have acGon that affects the body herbs, so the blend is different powerful targeted acGon in a more diverse way (like a than the sum of its parts (like a rifle) shotgun) • People unskilled in herbalism oQen create “kitchen sink” • Require a lot of knowledge • Require less knowledge and formulas where they simply and skill to use effecGvely skill to use effecGvely blend together everything that has been historically used for a problem thinking that will fix everything Herbal EnergeGcs Herbs and Body Systems • Herbs have “energeGc” properGes that move • Herbs have affinity for various body systems and funcGons the body’s energies in certain direcGons, as • Formulas can be blended to support specific body systems in both structure and funcGon, such as: follows: – DigesGve formulas – Energy ProducGon: Herbs can warm (speed up – Respiratory formulas metabolism) or cool (slow down metabolism) – Urinary formulas – Minerals and Fluids: Herbs can moisten ssues or – Nervous system dry ssues formulas – Tissue Tone:
    [Show full text]
  • Combining Herbs and Essential Oils This Presentation Explores How
    Hawthorn University Holistic Health and Nutrition Webinar Series 2017 www.hawthornuniversity.org Presented by David Crow, L.Ac. Combining Herbs and Essential Oils This presentation explores how essential oils and aromatherapy can be integrated with herbal treatments for added therapeutic effects and benefits. It explores which essential oils can be safely combined, and how, with herbs according to therapeutic functions: ) Expectorant, mucolytic, decongestant and antitussive herbs ) Nervine relaxant, sedative and anxiolytic herbs ) Demulcent herbs ) Anti-spasmotic and analgesic herbs ) Antimicrobial herbs ) Cholagogue and laxative herbs ) Immune modulating and immune stimulating herbs ) Adaptogen, trophorestorative and neuroendocrine regulating herbs ) Antiinflammatory herbs ) Emmenagogue and uterine tonic herbs Learning Objectives: ) When and how essential oils and aromatherapy are a primary, adjunct or contraindicated treatment ) To understand the compatibility or lack of compatibility of specific groups and species of essential oils and specific groups and species of herbs ) Simple combinations of herbs and essential oils for specific therapeutic benefits Introduction ) General suggestions for how to use safely therapeutic groups of essential oils in combinations with groups of herbs. ) Does not give detailed methods of use of the oils. ) Does not give any specific dosages or uses of herbs. ) Please do not use herbs without studying them in detail. ) Please use essential oils according to safe methods of applications ) Do not take internally ) Do not apply undiluted to the skin Difficulties classifying essential oils into therapeutic categories Where do the claims about therapeutic actions of essential oils come from? 1. Empirical evidence from long history of use of aromatic plants 2. Modern scientific studies 3. Claims made about essential oils through MLM companies and spread on the internet Many claims about the functions of essential oils are not substantiated or established.
    [Show full text]
  • Yeast, Fenugreek Seeds and Chamomile Flowers) on Some Behavioral Patterns and Productive Performance in Pigeons (Columba Livia Domestica) Eman H
    Benha Veterinary Medical Journal 39 (2020) 22-27 Benha Veterinary Medical Journal Official Journal Issued by Journal homepage: https://bvmj.journals.ekb.eg/ Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Since 1990 Original Paper Effect of some feed additives (yeast, fenugreek seeds and chamomile flowers) on some behavioral patterns and productive performance in pigeons (Columba livia domestica) Eman H. EL-Ghamry1, Mohamed M. Karousa1, Gaffar. M. EL-Gendi2, Essam A.Ali1 1Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University. Egypt. 2Animal production department, faculty of Agriculture, Benha University. Egypt ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords This work was carried out at the poultry farm-Animal production belonging to faculty of agriculture, Benha university through the period from April to the end of September 2019 to Behavior study the effect of some feed additives (Yeast, Fenugreek seeds and Chamomile flowers) on Feed additives some behaviors and productive performance of parent pigeons using 16 pairs of hybrid Pigeons pigeons (Carrier × local Egyptian Baladi) with age of 6 months, they were distributed according to their mating system (sex ratio 1:1). Pigeons were divided into 4 treatments each Productive performance. of them composed of 4 pairs and were reared under the same managerial conditions. The Reproductive obtained results revealed that pigeons fed on Yeast had high frequency of feeding, drinking Received 20/07/2020 and sitting on eggs also, it increased length of incubation period while, decreased hatchability Accepted 29/07/2020 %. Fenugreek seeds had high frequency of preening and sitting on eggs but, it decreased the Available On-Line length of incubation period.
    [Show full text]