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29341C062db726f9c125709d UNITED NATIONS NATIONS UNIES HUMANITARIAN SITUATION IN SOMALIA Monthly Analysis September 2005 This report was written in cooperation with the UN Agencies in Somalia OVERVIEW HIGHLIGHTS On the UN’s International Day of Peace (September 21) UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan’s Special Representative for Somalia, Ambassador Fall told the transitional government of Somalia that only progress in the political process would unlock international support for peace, reconciliation and development. Fall said the ongoing crisis within the government threatens to escalate to armed conflict and has discouraged donors from contributing to the reconstruction of the war-shattered state. Fall pledged that the UN would continue to foster efforts to restore peace and improve the lives of the people of Somalia. ‘There is much more that the United Nations is able and willing to do but it is the Somalia transitional federal institutions, working in accordance with the transitional charter, which must lead the way’. In the north east, Somaliland continues to experience political development and economic recovery. Legislative elections held on the 29 September were conducted in a peaceful, free and fair manner, according to international observers who were present - and the election process proceeded without intimidation. ‘We were all heartened by the high turn out of voters, particularly women, despite the small number of women candidates,’ Mandla Nkomfe, head of a 12-member South Africa observer mission said. A total of 246 candidates, including seven women contested the 82 seats in the lower house. Of the 1.2 million refugees that fled Somalia’s conflict in 1991, 700,000 have returned back to the north east, attracted by the dynamic urban areas and the relative stability of the region. Despite the signing of a peace agreement on September 25 between the Marehan and Gare communities, the humanitarian situation in Gedo region remains complex. Following this peace agreement, OCHA led an assessment mission (to El-Wak/Somalia) that instigated a response by agencies (UNHCR and CARE Somalia) but subsequently a series of serious security incidents, involving hand grenades and landmines have prevented humanitarian activities being carried out. Chronic food insecurity and unacceptably high malnutrition levels persist in many areas, especially in the south, even in populations that are relatively food secure. It is envisaged that such unacceptably high malnutrition rates will trigger an increase in the response capacity of the humanitarian community - which is so urgently required - and especially along the Juba valley. Currently, around a quarter of the under five population is experiencing levels of acute malnutrition, that can exceed over internationally ‘cut off’ rates of 15%. In parts of Gedo and Juba regions malnutrition rates are above 20%. Two cases of polio were confirmed in Mogadishu during September, with another 20 suspected cases under investigation. Somalia has been polio free since 2002. In view of these two confirmed cases, WHO and UNICEF launched an immunization campaign in Mogadishu to reach as many children under five as possible. A wider campaign covering other areas of Somalia started on 28 September. This year the CAP Somalia 2006 seeks to target the one million most chronically vulnerable people in the country, the majority of whom can barely meet their basic needs. This year the CAP has a much greater humanitarian focus as other mechanisms are put in to place to address the country’s transitional, recovery and reconstruction needs (for example the Joint Needs Assessment (JNA)). ACCESS AND SECURITY The security situation in central and southern zones remained tense and volatile. The arrival in Jowhar of an estimated 1,500 militia from Puntland via Ethiopia (although expected) created additional tension. Several of the TFG ministers currently based in Mogadishu declared that they intended to attack Jowhar where the President has located the interim government. On September 8 the UN decided to temporarily relocate all international staff for security reasons. The UN established a permanent presence in Kismayo following an earlier decision to downgrade the security phase from five to four, this indicated the possibility of the beginning of a gradual resumption of humanitarian work in the area. Before a full resumption of activities, an MOU (Memorandum of Understanding) between the UN and the authorities outlining responsibilities and obligations, has to be signed. However, the security situation in Kismayo remains volatile fuelled by a series of clashes between Juba Valley Alliance and the Galjeel community. In Mogadishu, UN activities continued despite ongoing individually targeted assassinations and increasing criminal acts and at least five people were killed when armed men opened fire at a local cinema near the SOS hospital. A peace agreement between the Marehan and Gare communities from Gedo region and facilitated by the District Commissioner of Mandera on behalf of the Government of Kenya was successfully signed on 25 September. Following this breakthrough, an OCHA led assessment mission (to El-Wak/Somalia) alongside CARE Somalia/Kenya, Norweigan Church Aid, ASEP, SADO and SOMACTION assessed the needs of the estimated 15,000 IDPs in the area. The mission findings have instigated a response by agencies (UNHCR and CARE Somalia) that are currently focusing on provision of shelter, water, food and non-food items and transport- allowing IDPs to return to their areas of origin. A week after the mission departed, these relief activities were suspended after a grenade was thrown into an El Wak hotel compound, injuring seven people. During September, UNDSS (United Nations Department for Safety and Security) conducted a security assessment mission that included Bula Hawa, Garbahare, Bardera, Dollow and Luuq. The situation in the region is unstable and access by humanitarian agencies is considered on a case-by-case basis only. Maritime officials describe Somali waters as some of the most dangerous in the world. The UN-chartered ship carrying food aid, the MV Semlow hijacked on 27 June was finally released on October 3 after being held for 100 days. Given the continued insecurity off the coast of Somalia, WFP is looking at various alternative routes to access Somalia, including overland from Kenya and through Djibouti. However, such initiatives would have serious cost implications and even then security cannot be guaranteed. The overall security situation in the northwest remained calm with no security incidents reported during the elections. However, in the week preceding the event, police raided two buildings on the outskirts of Hargeisa and arrested seven men, confiscating a large number of anti-tank mines and fuses. Reports suggest the men had links to terrorist organizations and were planning an attack against senior political figures and/or foreign humanitarian workers. Meanwhile, UN humanitarian activities continued as normal, apart from activities in parts of Sanaag and Sool which were hindered as a result of election tension. The northeast was relatively quiet with uninterrupted access for humanitarian interventions with the exception of Sanaag and Sool. A World Food Programme (WFP) mission also reported an incident in Ufeyn village while conducting a food distribution; their rented vehicle came under fire by two gunmen who escaped with one of the WFP rented vehicles and some equipment. The United Nations Country Team (UNCT) has approved the establishment of an ‘Access Working Group’ to discuss access priorities and opportunities - and requests for reconciliation initiatives. This group will be responsible for advising UNDSS on humanitarian access priorities and areas to be assessed in light of progress 7th Floor, Kalson Towers, Crescent Street, off Parklands Road, P.O. Box 28832, 00200 Nairobi, Kenya 2 Tel No: (254-20) 3754150-5; Fax No: (254-20) 3754150 in local reconciliation efforts and with a view to resuming humanitarian activities. The first meeting of the working group, which is chaired by OCHA, was held on in Nairobi on the September 21. PROTECTION The UN High Commissioner for Refugees, António Guterres, has urged the international community to take measures to stop desperate people being smuggled out of Somalia to Yemen by unscrupulous traders. At least 150 people have died in dangerous boat journeys across the Gulf of Aden from Somalia (during August/September) the agency announced. ‘Every year between the months of September and March – when the seas are relatively calm - thousands of people cross the Gulf of Aden in unsafe vessels run by smuggling rings’ he said in a statement. Many Somalis, in search of safety, refuge from persecution or improved economic conditions set sail from Bosasso in Puntland region, trying to reach the Middle East or beyond. Hundreds are believed to be lost at sea every year, their deaths unreported. Those who survive the hazardous journey often arrive in Yemen, where UNHCR runs a reception centre and a camp. The expulsion of IDPs from government owned properties in Kismayo (by the Juba Valley Alliance) where they had been squatting has left hundreds of IDPs without shelter. The expulsion has coincided with a peak period of temporary displacement of other Somalis from riverine areas in southern Somalia due to crop failure and flooding. However, casual employment opportunities at Kismayo port are now improving (due to seasonal change) and allowing some IDPs the opportunity to earn income but the need for adequate shelter is not sufficient and demand outstrips availability. In such situations IDPs are even more vulnerable to exploitation and abuse. The Nairobi IDP (UN/INGO joint agency task force) traveled to Bosasso to share the UN Joint Strategic Framework on IDPs with the Puntland authorities as well as to discuss and reach agreement on the way forward on the issue of resettlement of IDPs. Current IDP living conditions are unacceptable and the authorities have now agreed to explore other sites on the edge of Bosasso where both the host community and IDP population could eventually benefit from planned services.
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