Impact of Conflict and Shocks on Poverty South Sudan Poverty Assessment 2017

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Impact of Conflict and Shocks on Poverty South Sudan Poverty Assessment 2017 South Sudan Poverty Assessment: 2009-2017. Report No: AUS0000204 Impact of Conflict and Shocks on Poverty South Sudan Poverty Assessment 2017 . June, 2018 Poverty & Equity Global Practice, Africa . South Sudan Poverty Assessment: 2009-2017. Standard Disclaimer: This volume is a product of the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/ The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of The World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Copyright Statement: The material in this publication is copyrighted. Copying and/or transmitting portions or all of this work without permission may be a violation of applicable law. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/ The World Bank encourages dissemination of its work and will normally grant permission to reproduce portions of the work promptly. For permission to photocopy or reprint any part of this work, please send a request with complete information to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA, telephone 978-750-8400, fax 978-750-4470, http://www.copyright.com/. All other queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to the Office of the Publisher, The World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA, fax 202-522-2422, e-mail [email protected]. ii South Sudan Poverty Assessment: 2009-2017. This report was led by Utz Pape (TTL; Economist, GPV01) and written together with Luca Parisotto (Consultant, GPV01). The impact of inflation on poverty was estimated by Alvin Ndip (Economist, GPV01) with the help of Thierry Hounsa (Consultant, GPV01). The chapter on 'Impact of Conflict Exposure on Adolescent Girls' was written by Utz Pape and Verena Phipps (Senior Social Development Specialist, GSU07) with contributions from Jana Bischler (Consultant, GPV01), Niklas Buehren (Economist, GTGDR), Shubha Chakravarty (Senior Economist, GSP06), Menaal Ebrahim (Consultant, GPV01) and Rachel Firestone (Consultant, GSU07). The chapter on 'Program Cancellation' was written by Angelika Mueller (Consultant, GPV01), Utz Pape and Laura Ralston (Senior Social Development Specialist, GSUID) with contributions from Mollie Foust (Consultant, GPV01), Luca Parisotto, Nadia Selim (Social Protection Specialist, GSP01), Jeremy Shapiro (Post Doctoral Associate, Yale University), and James Walsh (Consultant, GPVGE) as well as Nicola Pontara (Country Manager, LCCBO). Both chapters were submitted to World Bank's Policy Research Working Paper Series. The 'Displacement Profile' was written by Taies Nezam (Consultant, GPV01) and Ambika Sharma (Consultant, GPV01) with contributions from Benjamin Petrini (Consultant, GPV01). The team would also like to thank Nora Dihel (Senior Economist, GMTA4) for contributions and Pierella Paci (Practice Manager, GPV01) as well as the peer reviewers Bernard Harborne (Lead Social Development Specialist, GSUGL) and Emmanuel Skoufias (Lead Economist, GPV01) for guidance. Vice President Makhtar Diop Country Director Carolyn Turk Senior Director Carolina Sanchez-Paramo Practice Manager Pierella Paci Task Team Leader Utz Pape iii South Sudan Poverty Assessment: 2009-2017. ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS AU African Union CEN Country Engagement Note CPA Comprehensive Peace Agreement CPI Consumer Price Index CRS Crisis Recovery Survey EU European Union FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FCV Fragility, Conflict, and Violence FSNMR Food Security and Nutrition Monitoring Reports GDP Gross Domestic Product GESS Girls’ Education South Sudan ICT Information and Communication Technologies IDMC Internal Displacement Monitoring Center IDP Internally Displaced Person IGAD Intergovernmental Authority on Development IMF International Monetary Fund INGO International Nongovernmental Organization ISN Interim Strategy Note MDTF Multi-Donor Trust Fund NBS National Bureau of Statistics NGO Nongovernmental Organization POC Protection of Civilians SCD Systematic Country Diagnostic SME Small and Medium Enterprise SNSDP Safety Net Skills Development Project SPLA Sudan People’s Liberation Army SPLA (IO) Sudan People’s Liberation Army Internal Opposition SPLM Sudan People’s Liberation Movement SPLM (IO) Sudan People’s Liberation Movement Internal Opposition SSDF South Sudan Defense Forces SSDP South Sudan Development Plan SSRRP South Sudan Rural Roads Project TFA Transitional Financial Arrangement TPM Third-Party Monitoring TPMA Third-Party Monitoring Agent UN United Nations UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNHCR United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees UNMISS United Nations Mission in the Republic of South Sudan UNOCHA United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs USAID U.S. Agency for International Development WFP World Food Programme iv South Sudan Poverty Assessment: 2009-2017. Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..................................................................................................................... XIII INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................................1 BACKGROUND .....................................................................................................................................6 1. Conflict and Shocks in South Sudan ..................................................................................... 7 1.1. Lasting conflict .......................................................................................................................... 10 1.2. Falling oil prices and imported inflation ................................................................................... 13 1.3. Government finances and deficit monetization ....................................................................... 15 1.4. Perceptions of public institutions ............................................................................................. 17 1.5. Conclusions ............................................................................................................................... 20 PART I: POVERTY AND VULNERABILITY ............................................................................................... 21 2. Poverty and Inequality ...................................................................................................... 21 2.1. Poverty Indices ......................................................................................................................... 22 2.2. Food insecurity ......................................................................................................................... 27 2.3. Spatial trends ............................................................................................................................ 29 2.4. Inequality and redistribution .................................................................................................... 32 2.5. Conclusions ............................................................................................................................... 35 3. Profiles of the Poor ........................................................................................................... 37 3.1. Structural poverty ..................................................................................................................... 38 3.2. Demographics and labor markets ............................................................................................ 40 3.3. Amenities and durable goods ................................................................................................... 42 3.4. Education .................................................................................................................................. 46 3.5. Subjective wellbeing ................................................................................................................. 49 3.6. Conclusions ............................................................................................................................... 52 4. Resilience and Vulnerability .............................................................................................. 53 4.1. Impact of shocks ....................................................................................................................... 54 4.2. Creating Resilience ................................................................................................................... 60 4.3. Targeting the poor and vulnerable ........................................................................................... 65 4.4. Conclusions ............................................................................................................................... 69 PART II: CONFLICT AND DISPLACEMENT ............................................................................................. 71 5. Impact of Conflict Exposure on Adolescent Girls ................................................................ 71 v South Sudan Poverty Assessment: 2009-2017. 5.1. Gender and conflict in South
Recommended publications
  • Services, Return, and Security in Four Counties in Southern Sudan
    Final Report SERVICES, RETURN, AND SECURITY IN FOUR COUNTIES IN SOUTHERN SUDAN A SURVEY COMMISSIONED BY AAH-I AND IPCS AND CONDUCTED BY BICC Authors: Michael Ashkenazi (Project leader) Joe Farha (Intern) Elvan Isikozlu (Project Officer) Helen Radeke (Research Assistant) Philip Rush (second researcher) INTERNATIONALES KONVERSIONSZENTRUM BONN - An der Elisabethkirche 25 BONN INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR CONVERSION (BICC) GMBH 53113 Bonn Tel.: +49-228-911 96-0 Geschäftsführer: Peter J. Croll Fax: +49-228-24 12 15 Aufsichtsratsvorsitzender: Staatssekretär Dr. Michael Stückradt E-Mail: [email protected] Handelsregister: Bonn HRB 6717 Internet: www.bicc.de EXECUTIVE SUMMARY BICC was commissioned to undertake a study on issues relating to Return and Reintegration (RR) of actors displaced by the fighting in Sudan and to provide action-oriented data on issues relating to RR as a basis for suggestions to improve the RR program in Southern Sudan. Data from the study was collected by a mix of desk surveys and two weeks of intensive fieldwork in four counties in Southern Sudan: Yei River, West Juba, Maridi and Mundri. The field study was preceded by a four-day training course for enumerators, twenty four of whom participated in the survey in four teams. A preparatory day was also dedicated to presenting the study of non- governmental organization (NGO) partners in Equatoria, and to incorporating their suggestions into the study questionnaires. Two general findings stand out. (1) The need to move conceptually from aid to development, including activities at the Government of Southern Sudan (GOSS) and at NGO levels, and to concretize the development process. (2) The need to change Southern Sudanese perceptions of dependency syndrome and of ethnic suspicion.
    [Show full text]
  • SOUTH SUDAN Situation Report Last Updated: 30 Oct 2019
    SOUTH SUDAN Situation Report Last updated: 30 Oct 2019 HIGHLIGHTS (31 Oct 2019) South Sudan: Three humanitarian workers killed Amid rising concerns about mental health, increased suicide cases in Malakal Protection of Civilians site South Sudan Humanitarian Fund allocates US$36 million to respond to life-saving needs New research finds 1.5 million internally displaced persons in South Sudan More than 6.35 million people severely food insecure in August despite large scale humanitarian In Akobo, a mother feeds her child nutritious supplementary assistance food. More than 6.35 million people were severely food insecure in August. Credit: Medair KEY FIGURES FUNDING (2019) CONTACTS Stephen O'Malley 7.2M 5.7M $1.5B $872.8M Head of Office People in need People targeted Required Received [email protected] A Emmi Antinoja n d , ! Head of Communications and 1.47M 4.54M r j 58% y r e e Internally displaced Acutely food insecure r j r Progress Information Management o ! d people (Sept-Dec) S n [email protected] A FTS: https://fts.unocha.org/appeal s/713/summary ACCESS (31 Oct 2019) South Sudan: Three humanitarian workers killed On 27 October, three International Organization for Migration (IOM) volunteers, one female and two males, were killed in a crossfire during clashes that broke out between armed groups in South Sudan. Two other volunteers were wounded during the incident and one volunteer is currently missing. The Humanitarian Coordinator in South Sudan, Alain Noudéhou, strongly condemned the killings and called for the safety and security of humanitarian workers at all times.
    [Show full text]
  • South Sudan's Financial Sector
    South Sudan’s Financial Sector Bank of South Sudan (BSS) Presentation Overview . Main messages & history/perspectives . Current state of the industry . Key issues – regulations, capitalization, skills, diversification, inclusion . The way forward “The road is under construction” Main Messages & History/perspectives . The history of financial institutions in South Sudan is a short one. Throughout Khartoum rule till the end of civil war in 2005, there were very few commercial banks concentrated in Juba, Wau and Malakal. South Sudanese were deliberately excluded from the economic system. As a result 90% of the population in South Sudan were not exposed to banking services . Access to finance was limited to Northern traders operating in Southern Sudan. In February 2008, Islamic banks left the South since the Bank of Southern Sudan(BOSS) introduced conventional banking . However, after the CPA the Bank of Southern Sudan, although a mere branch of the central bank of Sudan took a bold step by licensing local and expatriate banks that took interest to invest in South Sudan. South Sudan needs a stable, well diversified financial sector providing the right kinds of products and services with a level of intermediation and inclusion to support the country’s ambitions Current State of the Sector As of November 2013 . 28 Commercial Banks are now operating in South Sudan and more than 70 applications on the pipeline . 10 Micro Finance Institutions . 86 Forex Bureaus . A handful of Insurance companies Current state of the Sector (2) . Despite the increased number of financial institutions, competition is still limited and services are mainly concentrated in the urban hubs .
    [Show full text]
  • Challenges of Accountability an Assessment of Dispute Resolution Processes in Rural South Sudan
    Challenges of Accountability An Assessment of Dispute Resolution Processes in Rural South Sudan By David K. Deng March 2013 Photos: David K. Deng This report presents findings from an assessment that the South Sudan Law Society (SSLS) conducted on the accessibility of local justice systems across six rural counties of South Sudan. The assessment included a comprehensive household survey that examined the legal needs of populations residing in the six counties and the legal services that are available to service those needs and numerous interviews with local justice service providers and users. David K. Deng is the author. Victor Bol provided research assistance. The views contained in this paper are those of the author alone. They do not necessarily reflect the views of the SSLS, Pact, or their donors. South Sudan Law Society (SSLS) Hai Thoura Juba, South Sudan Phone: +211 (0) 955 073 591 Email: [email protected] © 2012 South Sudan Law Society (SSLS) 1 About the South Sudan Law Society (SSLS) The South Sudan Law Society (SSLS) is a civil society organization based in Juba. Its mission is to strive for justice in society and respect for human rights and the rule of law in South Sudan. The SSLS manages projects in a number of areas, including legal aid, community paralegal training, human rights awareness-raising and capacity-building for legal professionals, traditional authorities and government institutions. Acknowledgements We would like to extend our profound appreciation to the wide range of people and organizations whose assistance made this report possible, first and foremost to the many government officials, community members, and legal professionals that took part in our interviews and surveys.
    [Show full text]
  • Synthesis of Key Findings from Inter-Agency Humanitarian Evaluations
    Synthesis of key findings from Inter-Agency Humanitarian Evaluations (IAHEs) of the international responses to crises in the Philippines (Typhoon Haiyan), South Sudan and the Central African Republic July 2016 Synthesis Report Cover Photo: Damage behind Eastern Visayas Hospital. Tacloban, Philippines. 11/20/13 Cover Photo Credit: Francisco Guerrero The Synthesis of key findings from Inter-Agency Humanitarian Evaluations (IAHEs) was prepared by James Darcy. This study was commissioned by the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) on behalf of the Inter-Agency Humanitarian Evaluations Steering Group. Members of the Steering Group are ALNAP, FAO, IFRC, OCHA, UNHCR, UNICEF, WFP, WHO. The project was managed by Victoria Saiz-Omenaca, Chief a.i. Evaluation and Oversight Unit, OCHA, and Chair of the Management Group. Management Group members included: Marta Bruno (FAO), Hicham Daoudi (UNFPA), Machiel Salomons (UNHCR), Koorosh Raffi (UNICEF),and Elise Benoit (WFP). Disclaimer The contents and conclusions expressed in this report are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of the IAHE Steering Group for Inter-Agency Humanitarian Evaluations, the Management Group, or the United Nations. Responsibility for the opinions expressed in this report rests solely with the author. The designations in this publication do not imply any opinion on the legal status of any country or territory, or of it authorities, or the delimitation of frontiers. About the author James Darcy has more than 20 years of experience of working in the humanitarian sector. As Humanitarian Coordinator at Oxfam GB in the 1990s, he oversaw programmes in East and Central Africa, the Balkans, the Middle East, and South and East Asia.
    [Show full text]
  • How the Use of Targeted Sanctions Can Undermine Peace in South Sudan
    HOW THE USE OF TARGETED SANCTIONS CAN UNDERMINE PEACE IN SOUTH SUDAN BY MATTHEW LERICHE UN PHOTO/LOEY FELIPE The misguided application of targeted sanctions in South the choice to propose further sanctions – only weeks after a Sudan will not support peace; rather, they have the potential peace agreement between the warring parties was resolved – to foster conflict.1 Nor are targeted sanctions the appropriate raises questions regarding these sanctions specifically, and forum to further justice. The following consideration of the the usefulness of targeted sanctions in supporting peace, use of targeted sanctions in the case of South Sudan’s current more generally. internal conflict (2013–2015) and peace process concludes that South Sudan’s President Salva Kiir Mayardit and rather than support peace, as the sanctions presented by the opposition leader Riek Machar (formerly vice president, United States (US), European Union (EU), Canada and, most recently, the United Nations (UN) Security Council purport, they are at best benign, and at worst, present a threat to Above: The United Nations Security Council unanimously sustainable peace. adopts Resolution 2206, imposing sanctions on On 8 September 2015, US, British and French individuals and entities deemed responsible for, or representatives at the UN Security Council circulated a complicit in, actions or policies that threaten the peace, security or stability of South Sudan. The Resolution also proposal, under Resolution 2206, to add targeted sanctions on establishes a Sanctions Committee of the Council to a further two South Sudanese leaders they claim are obstacles monitor compliance, and requests the Secretary-General to peace. Even though Russian and Angolan representatives to create a Panel of Experts to assist the Committee voiced objection, forcing the deferral of the proposal,2 (3 March 2015).
    [Show full text]
  • Tracking the Flow of Government Transfers Financing Local Government Service Delivery in South Sudan
    Tracking the flow of Government transfers Financing local government service delivery in South Sudan 1.0 Introduction The Government of South Sudan through its Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning (MoFEP) makes transfers of funds to states and local governments on a monthly basis to finance service delivery. Broadly speaking, the government makes five types of transfers to the local government level: a) Conditional salary transfers: these funds are transferred to be used by the county departments of education, health and water to pay for the salaries of primary school teachers, health workers and water sector workers respectively. b) Operation transfers for county service departments: these funds are transferred to the counties for the departments of education, health and water to cater for the operation costs of these county departments. c) County block transfer: each county receives a discretionary amount which it can spend as it wishes on activities of the county. d) Operation transfer to service delivery units (SDUs): these funds are transferred to primary schools and primary health care facilities under the jurisdiction of each county to cater for operation costs of these units. e) County development grant (CDG): the national annual budget includes an item to be transferred to each county to enable the county conduct development activities such as construction of schools and office blocks; in practice however this money has not been released to the counties since 2011 mainly due to a lack of funds. 2.0 Transfer and spending modalities/guidelines Funds are transferred by the national Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning from the government accounts at Bank of South Sudan to the respective state’s bank accounts through the state ministries of Finance (SMoF).
    [Show full text]
  • South Sudan Governance Analysis (P156685): Building Sustainable Public Sector Capacity in a Challenging Context
    Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized South Sudan Governance Analysis (P156685): Building sustainable public sector capacity in a challenging context January 2017 Public Disclosure Authorized Revised Draft Public Disclosure Authorized Acronyms AU African Union AfDB African Development Bank ARCISS Agreement on the Resolution of Conflict in South Sudan BoSS Bank of South Sudan BPS Budget Preparation System BSI Budget Support Initiative CABIHRD Capacity Building, Institutional and HR Development CANS Civilian Authority of New Sudan CBTF Capacity Building Trust Fund CCSS Coordinating Council of Southern States CHD County Health Department CIDA Canadian International Development Agency CIPS Chartered Institute of Purchasing and Supplies CPA Comprehensive Peace Agreement CPIA Country Policy and Institutional Assessment CSC Civil Service Commission DFID U.K. Department for International Development EDFC Economy, Development and Finance Committee EMIS Education Management Information System EU European Union FCS Fragile and Conflict-affected Situations FMIS Financial Management Information System GATC Government Accounting Training Center GIZ Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit GoSS Government of South Sudan GRSS Government of the Republic of South Sudan HFSSS High Frequency South Sudan Survey HPF Health Pooled Fund HR Human Resource HRD Human Resource Development HRH Human Resources for Health HRM Human Resource Management HRIS Human Resource Information System HRTC Human Resource Training Center HTI Health
    [Show full text]
  • Classification of Accounts Guide Last Updated – January 2018
    Classification of Accounts Guide Last updated – January 2018 Contents Part I: General introduction Part II: Residence Part III: Sector categories Part IV.1 – IV.2: Industrial classification Part IV.3: Relationship between sector and industrial classifications Part V.1: Sector components (ESA 10) and sub components Part V.2: List of countries 1 Part I Classification of Accounts Guide – General Introduction I.1 Foreword This guide is intended for all institutions completing a range of Bank of England statistical returns. It describes the two most important systems of classification used in compiling economic and financial statistics in the United Kingdom – the economic sector classification, and the industrial classification. This guide is intended to serve both as an introduction for newcomers and as a source of reference. The nomenclature in the sector classification is in line with international standards – in particular, the European System of National and Regional Accounts (abbreviated to ‘ESA10’). In addition, the analysis of industrial activity is in line with the 2007 standard industrial classification of economic activities (SIC) introduced by the Office for National Statistics. Those without knowledge of accounts classification are recommended to refer to the ‘Guide to Classification’ (Part I Section 3) which takes the reader through the main questions to be answered to help classify accounts correctly. The system of classification used in this guide is solely for statistical purposes. Parts II to IV of the guide describe the main aspects of the classification system in more detail, including lists of examples of institutions, or a web link reference, for many categories. I.2 An introduction to the classification of accounts Sector and industrial classification To understand the underlying behaviour which is reflected in movements in economic and financial statistics, it is necessary to group those entities engaged in financial transactions into broad sectors with similar characteristics.
    [Show full text]
  • South Sudanese Pound Managed Under Floating Exchange Regime: Prospects and Challenges
    10 South Sudanese Pound Managed Under Floating Exchange Regime: Prospects and Challenges Andrew Ssemwanga Introduction South Sudan voted overwhelmingly for secession from Sudan and became a new independent African nation on 9 July 2011. South Sudan has already enacted key laws to ensure the smooth running of the country, e.g. Transitional Constitution, a Central Bank law and others. A managed float exchange rate regime to ensure macroeconomic stability has been adopted and a new currency in the name of the South Sudanese Pound (SSP) is already in circulation. South Sudan is faced with a lot of social and economic problems that include limited access to basic education, healthcare, food, water, high inflation, sovereign debt, low level of national revenue and others. Most of the problems have been exacerbated by suspending oil production during January 2012. The Government of South Sudan has come up with a number of measures to address the shortfall in oil revenue and also the over- dependence on oil revenue by establishing a Non-Oil Revenue Action Plan as well as instituting austerity measures that relate to Government expenditure. Basing on studies carried out by the IMF and World Bank as reported by Simwaka (2010), a number of Sub-Sahara African countries performed well in terms of GDP and exports for the period 2002 to 2008. These include Kenya and Nigeria which were using a managed float exchange regime for the whole period. However, their annual average percentage changes in consumer prices were rather high. Results from Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium 10- Post-Referendum Sudan- Ssemwanga.indd 183 08/06/2014 01:03:40 184 Post-Referendum Sudan: National and Regional Questions Model (DSGE) which were done by Vencatachellum (2007) show that for a median net oil exporting country, a doubling in the price of oil would increase its gross domestic product while a rate of inflation would increase and there would be an appreciation of exchange rate.
    [Show full text]
  • The Political Economy of South Sudan
    ADB/BD/IF/2018/211 - ADF/BD/IF/2018/159 RDGE/ECCE/RDTS DEPARTMENTS AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK GROUP The Political Economy of South Sudan AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK GROUP REPUBLIC OF SOUTH SUDAN The Political Economy of South Sudan III [August 2018] Management Director General Gabriel NEGATU, RDGE Deputy Director General Nnenna NWABUFO, RDGE Sector Director Sibry TAPSOBA, RDTS Country Manager Benedict S. KANU Lead Economist Abraham MWENDA Assessment Team Team Leader Flavio A SOARES DA GAMA, Senior Country Economist, COSS Task Member John Bosco BUKENYA, Principal Financial Management Specialist, RDGE/RDTS Darlison KAIJA, Consultant, RDGE Reviewers Bruno BOEDTS, Chief Operations Implementation Officer, RDGE0 Albert MAFUSIRE, Partnerships Development Officer, RDTS0 Emilio DAVA, Senior Macroeconomist, COMZ Magidu NYENDE, Senior Country Economist, RDGE0 jv The Political Economy of South Sudan Table of Contents Table of Contents iv South Sudan States v Acronyms vi I. Executive Summary 1 II. Introduction 3 Rationale 3 Approach and Structure of the Report 3 III. Origin and Evolution of the Situation in South Sudan 5 IV. Key Development Challenges 8 Political 8 Economic 10 Social 18 Cross-cutting 21 Summary of Opportunities, Challenges and Risks 22 Effects of the Challenges in South Sudan on the Bank's Portfolio 23 V. Governance and Stakeholder Mapping 25 VI. Conclusions 30 Annexes 31 Annex 1: Ministries and Organizations Interviewed 32 Annex 2: Key Policy Documents 33 Annex 3: Focus of the Draft NDS for South Sudan (July 2018-June 2021) 34 Notes 36
    [Show full text]
  • Background the Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs and Emergency Relief Coordinator (ERC) Manages CERF on Behalf of the UN Secretary-General
    Strategic use of CERF Information Paper Background The Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs and Emergency Relief Coordinator (ERC) manages CERF on behalf of the UN Secretary-General. The ERC allocates CERF funds to humanitarian crises based on needs assessments in the field and in order to “promote early action and response to reduce loss of life, enhance response to time- critical requirements and strengthen core elements of humanitarian response in underfunded crises”.1 In the last few years, the ‘strategic use of CERF’ has been pursued so as to maximize the impact of a limited CERF funding in meeting the immediate life-saving needs of affected people, in an increasingly complex operational environment. In each country that applies for a CERF allocation, the Resident Coordinator and Humanitarian Coordinator (RC/HC) leads a process by the (humanitarian) country team to develop submissions that prioritizes essential life-saving activities in a strategic, focused and coherent manner, aiming to achieve specific common objectives – be they in terms of advocacy, creating an enabling environment for humanitarian response, or mobilising resources. The ERC has taken the opportunity of a CERF allocation to highlight a new or emerging crisis, or draw attention to regional implications of a crisis or an underfunded situation. In this sense, CERF funds can act as a catalyst for global advocacy. Below, some examples of strategic use of CERF funds are highlighted. CERF funding in the IASC designated Level 3 emergencies When the Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC) declares a Level 3 (L3) emergency for a major crisis requiring system wide response, the CERF plays a key enabling function in terms of funding and advocacy.
    [Show full text]