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NIGER Food Security and Safety Nets

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NIGER Food Security and Safety Nets DISCUSSION PAPER NO. 1418 Abstract This study aims to assist the Government of Niger in developing a multi-sectoral approach Niger to reducing the population’s vulnerability to food insecurity. The study reviews food security Public Disclosure Authorized policies and programs in Niger, and provides an action plan for strengthening the existing Food Security and Safety Nets system and developing an effective safety net strategy. The study finds that targeting of food aid has been either weak with significant leakages. Moreover, although the need to support poor and food insecure households is substantial, safety nets are small, receive limited funding, Jenny C. Aker, Carlo del Ninno, Paul A. Dorosh, Menno and are designed for emergency food crises. The study recommends to improve the efficiency Mulder-Sibanda and Setareh Razmara and scope of safety net programs in Niger and to promote effective strategies to improve food availability and the emergency response systems. Public Disclosure Authorized Africa Social Safety Net and Social Protection Assessment Series Public Disclosure Authorized About this series... Social Protection & Labor Discussion Papers are published to communicate the results of The World Bank’s work to the development community with the least possible delay. The typescript manuscript of this paper therefore has not been prepared in accordance with the procedures appropriate to formally edited texts. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed herein are those of the author(s), and do not necessarily reflect the views of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank and its affiliated organizations, or those of the Executive Directors of The World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The author(s) attest(s) that the paper represents original work. It fully references and describes all Public Disclosure Authorized relevant prior work on the same subject. February 2009 For more information, please contact the Social Protection Advisory Service, The World Bank, 1818 H Street, N.W., Room G7-803, Washington, DC 20433 USA. Telephone: (202) 458-5267, Fax: (202) 614-0471, E-mail: [email protected] or visit us on-line at www.worldbank.org/sp. © 2013 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank NIGER Food Security and Safety Nets Jenny C. Aker, Carlo del Ninno, Paul A. Dorosh, Menno Mulder-Sibanda and Setareh Razmara February 2009 Africa Social Safety Net and Social Protection Assessment Series Until recently, most countries in Africa implemented safety nets and social protection programs only on an ad hoc basis. In the wake of the global economic, food and fuel price crises starting in 2008, however, policymakers in Africa began to increasingly view safety nets as core instruments for reducing poverty, addressing inequality, and helping poor and vulnerable households to manage risk more effectively. During FY2009-2013, to support governments in their quest to understand better how to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of safety nets in their countries, the World Bank’s Africa Region undertook social safety net or social protection assessments in a number of countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. By 2014 assessments have been completed or are under preparation for over 25 countries in sub-Saharan Africa. These assessments analyze the status of social protection programs and safety nets, their strengths and weaknesses and identify areas for improvement, all with the aim of helping governments and donors to strengthen African safety net systems and social protection programs to protect and promote poor and vulnerable people. They were all carried-out with the explicit aim of informing governments’ social protection policies and programs. With the results of analytical work like these assessments and other types of support, safety nets and social protection programs are rapidly changing across Africa. For a cross-country regional review, please see "Reducing Poverty and Investing in People: The New Role of Safety Nets in Africa," which pulls together the findings and lessons learned from these assessments and other recent studies of safety net programs in Africa. Abstract This study aims to assist the Government of Niger in developing a multi-sectoral approach to reducing the population’s vulnerability to food insecurity. The study reviews food security policies and programs in Niger, and provides an action plan for strengthening the existing system and developing an effective safety net strategy. The study finds that targeting of food aid has been either weak with significant leakages. Moreover, although the need to support poor and food insecure households is substantial, safety nets are small, receive limited funding, and are designed for emergency food crises. The study recommends to improve the efficiency and scope of safety net programs in Niger and to promote effective strategies to improve food availability and the emergency response systems. JEL Classification: I32, I38, J32, H53 Keywords: social protection, systems, safety nets, social assistance, welfare, administration, public policy, public sector reform, developing countries CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (Exchange Rate as of October 2008 - average) Currency Unit F CFA US$1.00 F CFA 520 Niger Government Fiscal Year January 1 to December 31 ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS CCA Food Crisis Unit/Cellule de Crise Alimentaire CFA African Community Franc/Franc de la Communauté Financière Africaine CFW Cash-for-Work CMC National Consultation Committee/Commission Mixte de Concertation CIC Center for Information and Communication of the National Body for the Prevention and Management of Food Crises (DNPGCA)/Centre d’information et de communication (CIC) du Dispositif national prévention et de gestion des crises alimentaires (DNPGCA) CILSS Permanent Inter-state Committee for the Fight Against Drought in the Sahel/Comité Permanent Inter Etats de Lutte contre la Sécheresse dans le Sahel CRS Catholic Relief Services CV Coefficient of Variation DHS Demographic and Health Survey DNPGCA National Body for the Prevention and Management of Food Crises/Dispositif National de Prévention et de Gestion des Crises Alimentaires DPP Directorate for Plant Protection DSBE Survey on Satisfaction of Basic Needs ECOWAS Economic Community of West African States ECVAM Survey on Business Conditions and Household Food Vulnerability/Enquête sur la Conjoncture et la Vulnérabilité Alimentaire des Ménages EDS/MICS Demographic and Health Survey/Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey EPP2 Second Participatory Survey on Poverty EWS Early Warning System i FAO Food and Agriculture Organization FFW Food for Work GDP Gross Domestic Product GIS Geographic Information System GNI Gross National Income GoBF Government of Burkina Faso GoN Government of Niger HDI Human Development Index HKI Helen Keller International ICRISAT International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics IPPTE Initiative Pays Pauvres Très Endettés INS National Statistical Office MSF Doctors Without Borders/Médecins Sans Frontières NGOs Non-governmental Organizations OPVN Office of Food Products/Office des Produits Vivriers du Niger PLHAs Persons living with HIV and AIDS PTF Partenaires Techniques et Financiers PRSP2 Second Poverty Reduction Strategy QUIBB Questionnaire on Basic Indicators and Welfare/Questionnaire sur les Indicateurs de Base et de Bien-être RDS Rural Development Strategy SAP Early Warning System Coordination Unit /Cellule de Coordination du Systeme d’Alerte Précoce SFSB Soy-Fortified Bulgar Wheat SIMA Agricultural Market Information System/Système d’Informations sur le Marché Agricole SIMB Livestock Market Information System/Système d’Informations sur le Marché bétail SVFs Seed Vouchers and Fairs UEMOA Economic and Monetary Union of West Africa/Union Économique et Monétaire Ouest Africaine UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund UNDP United Nations Development Program USAID United States Agency for International Development FEWS NET USAID’s Famine Early Warning System Network WAEMU West African Economic and Monetary Union WFP World Food Programme WHO World Health Organization ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This report was prepared by a team consisting of Jenny C. Aker (Consultant), Paul Dorosh (FEU), Menno Mulder-Sibanda (AFTH2), Carlo Del Ninno (HDNSP, co-task team leader), and Setareh Razmara (AFTH2, co-task team leader). Valuable inputs were provided by Phillippe George Leite (HDNSP), Koffi Akakpo (VAM Officer WFP – Niger), and Khamada Baye (Local Consultant). The report draws from two background papers that provided substantial inputs: (i) Food Security, Social Safety Nets and Food Crises: Country Experience from Niger (Jenny C. Aker, Consultant); and (ii) Production Shocks, Regional Trade and Cereal Prices in Niger: A (Multi-Market) Simulation Analysis (Paul Dorosh). Valuable guidance and suggestions were provided by Ousman Diagana (Country Manager for Niger); Patrick Verissimo, El Hadj Adama Touré, and Amadou Alassane (AFTAR); Xiao Ye (AFRCE); Richard Seifman and Léandre Bassolé (AFTHV); and Amadou Ibrahim (AFTP4). Peer reviewers were Dominique van de Walle (PRMGE) and Harold Alderman (AFTHD). Kathryn Bach and Fanta Touré provided valuable editorial input. Administrative support was provided by Aissatou Chipkaou (AFTH2) and Mohamed Diaw (AFTH2). The preparation of this study was also financed by Trust Funds managed by HDNSP. The team acknowledges valuable support
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