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Assessment of the Need for Common Effluent Treatment Plants

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Assessment of the Need for Common Effluent Treatment Plants Central Pollution Control Board (Ministry of Environment & Forests, Govt. of India) CONTENTS Page 1.0 Introduction 1 2.0 Methodology 2 3.0 Findings 4-20 Annexure I 21 Format for collection of basic information for the study Annexure II 22-84 List of industrial areas/estates ASSESSMENT OF THE NEED FOR COMMON EFFLUENT TREATMENT PLANTS 1. INTRODUCTION Small scale industrial units (SSIs) have a very important role in industrial development in the country. Government actively promotes growth of SSI units to induce a balanced economic growth and distribute the benefits of industrial development in an equitable manner. SSI units generally find it difficult to establish and operate individual effluent treatment plant due to their limited size and scale of operations. However, as SSI units are generally located as clusters in industrial areas/estates, the concept of Common Effluent Treatment Plant (CETP) for the entire effluent from the industrial area has been developed to achieve satisfactory treatment through their collective efforts. The monitoring and enforcement of a CETP as a single pollution source also become easier for regulatory agencies as compared to monitoring of large number of SSI units individually. Central Government has several financial support schemes to promote establishment of CETPs. Ministry of Environment, Forests & Climate Change has a ‘CETP Scheme’ since 1991. This scheme promotes establishment of CETPs for treatment of effluents generated from SSI units located in clusters by providing a financial assistance in the form of subsidy on capital up to 75% (50% central subsidy plus 25% state subsidy). Central subsidy under this scheme was 25% till year 2011 which has been increased to 50% since 2012 under the modified ‘CETP Scheme’. Some other ministries of Central Government also have similar financial support schemes, such as the Industrial Infrastructure Up-gradation Scheme (IIUS) of Department of Industrial Policy & Promotion, Ministry of Commerce and Industries, and the Textile Centres Infrastructure Development Scheme (TCIDS) of Ministry of Textiles. Information on CETPs support schemes are available at ministries’ websites. Most of the CETPs for clusters of small-scale industry have been set up with the financial support provided under these schemes. Based on the information that about 150 CETPs had been established in the country, Planning Commission expressed to MoEF in March 2010 that of about 900 industrial clusters, only 1/6 of the effluent generated is treated. The observation appeared to have been made on the assumption that CETPs are required and feasible in all remaining industrial areas/estates. Further, during a presentation regarding CETPs by MoEF before Planning Commission in Nov 2010, Member, Planning Commission desired that a study be carried out for assessment of the unmet need for CETPs in the country and to know the industrial clusters to be serviced by these CETPs. Accordingly this study was undertaken by Central Pollution Control Board for assessment of actual unmet need for common effluent treatment plants in the country. 1 2. METHODOLOGY 2.1 For an assessment of the unmet need for common effluent treatment plants in the country it was felt necessary to have an inventory of industrial areas/estates as well as assess the requirement and feasibility of CETP for each cluster so that a clear picture may emerge about CETPs’ unmet need vis-à-vis total number of industrial areas/estates in the country. This was necessary because CETP may not be required and feasible in all cases for the following reasons: - an industrial area might comprise of mostly non polluting industries - an industrial area might comprise of mostly air polluting industries - an industrial area might have very little combined flow and the contributing industries already have individual ETPs. - an industrial area might have significant combined flow but the contributing industries already have individual ETPs therefore reluctant to propose any CETPs. 2.1 Objectives of the study 1) State wise documentation of general information on all industrial clusters in the country. (Developed either by Government agencies or traditionally/privately) 2) Collecting basic information about effluent generation, treatment and disposal and requirement/feasibility for CETP in respect of all clusters. 3) Assessment of unmet need for common effluent treatment plants in the country. 2.2 Study executing agencies In view of the large amount of work involved, the study was carried out simultaneously in States and UTs in six Zones in association with different agencies: Zone Executing agency Northern Zone: J&K, H. P., Punjab, Haryana, U.P., TERI-New Delhi Uttaranchal, Chandigarh, Delhi Central Zone: Rajasthan, M.P., Chhattisgarh IIT-Kanpur Southern Zone: A.P., Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil EPTRI- Hyderabad Nadu, Goa, Pondicherry, Lakshadweep Western Zone: Gujarat, Maharashtra, Goa, Daman IIT-Mumbai Diu and D&NH Eastern Zone: Bihar, Jharkhand, Orissa, West CPCB Zonal Office - Bengal, Andaman & Nicobar Islands Kolkata North-Eastern Zone: Ar. Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, CPCB Zonal Office - Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Tripura, Sikkim Shillong 2 2.3 Scope of Work for the study 1) The information will be collected on the prescribed format (Annexure-I). 2) The information will be basically collected from concerned offices of SPCBs and PCCs. Concerned offices of Industry Department and Industrial Infrastructure Development agency will also be contacted, if required. 3) All industrial clusters developed as industrial areas/estates by government agencies or privately and traditional industrial clusters in urban pockets or rural regions will be covered, irrespective of nature of industry i.e. clusters of non- polluting industries and only air polluting industries will also be covered. 4) Information/views of SPCBs and PCCs to be considered final especially in respect of effluent generation, treatment and disposal and requirement/feasibility for CETP. 5) Collected information will be documented district-wise in a state. 2.4 Approach suggested to the study executing agencies 1) The information for the study will have to be basically collected from concerned offices of State Pollution Control Boards and Pollution Control Committees of UTs. 2) Concerned offices of Industry Department and Industrial Infrastructure Development agency will also be contacted, if required. 3) In case of UTs and small States, such as Goa and Sikkim, or States with very less industrialization, such as J&K and Northern-Eastern States, contacting with offices of the concerned agencies at State/UT headquarter level may suffice to obtaining complete information. In other cases, contacting offices of the concerned agencies at Regional/ Divisional level will be needed to ensure that ground level information is not missed. 3 3. FINDINGS 3.1 It is found from this study that there are 2900 industrial areas/estates in the country. State wise break down of number of industrial areas is presented below: Table 1: Number of industrial areas in States /UTs Zone / State Number of Industrial Areas /Estates Northern Zone Haryana 104 H. P 60 J&K 62 Punjab 65 U.P 273 Uttaranchal 81 Chandigarh 3 Delhi 44 Central Zone Chhattisgarh 58 M.P. 221 Rajasthan 365 Southern Zone A.P. 179 Goa 41 Karnataka 324 Kerala 143 Tamil Nadu 183 Pondicherry 5 Western Zone Gujarat 196 Maharashtra 221 Daman Diu and D&NH 6 East Zone Bihar 61 Jharkhand 19 Orissa 90 West Bengal 46 North-Eastern Zone Ar. Pradesh Assam 17 Manipur Meghalaya 9 Mizoram 5 Nagaland 9 Tripura 11 Sikkim 6 Total 2900 A list of these industrial areas/estates is annexed to this report (Annexure-II). 4 3.3 The study has revealed that 193 common effluent treatment plants have been opted and installed in the country, which serve 212 industrial areas/estates. State wise break down of number of existing CETPs is presented below: Table 2: Number of existing CETPs in States/UTs Zone / State Existing CETPs Remark Operational Un-operation Total Northern Zone Haryana 13 1 (u/c) 14 14 CETPs cover 17 industrial areas H. P 1 - 1 J&K 1 - 1 Punjab 4 4 U.P 4 4 8 Uttaranchal 3 1 (u/c) 4 Chandigarh - - - Delhi 13 - 13 13 CETPs cover 17 industrial areas Central Zone Chhattisgarh - - - M.P. 1 1 Rajasthan 14 14 Southern Zone A.P. 6 2+3 (u/c) 11 11 CETPs cover 17 industrial areas Goa - - - Karnataka 9 - 9 9 CETPs cover 13 industrial areas Kerala 5 - 5 Tamil Nadu 49 - 49 49 CETPs cover 53 industrial areas Pondicherry - - - Western Zone Gujarat 27 3 (u/c) 30 Maharashtra 27 - 27 Daman Diu and D&NH - - - East Zone Bihar - - - Jharkhand - 1 (u/c) 1 Orissa - - - West Bengal 1 1 N-E Zone Ar. Pradesh - - - Assam - - - Manipur - - - Meghalaya - - - Mizoram - - - Nagaland - - - Tripura - - - Sikkim - - - Total 178 6 + 9 (u/c) 193 193 CETPs cover 212 industrial areas 5 3.4 This study reveals that common effluent treatment plants may be feasible for 141 more industrial areas. State wise details of these 141 common effluent treatment plants and the 193 existing common effluent treatment plants are presented below: North Zone Haryana (Existing CETPs) S. No. Cluster Name CETP Capacity, MLD 1 Industrial Estate, Sector 31, Faridabad 2.000 2 Industrial Estate, Phase-IV, Kundli 10.000 Common for: ( Industrial Estate, Phase-I, Kundli) ( Industrial Estate, Phase-II, Kundli) (Industrial Estate, Phase-III, Kundli) 3 Industrial Estate, Rai, Sec-38, Phase-I, Rai 5.000 4 HSIIDC, Barhi, District Sonepat 2.000 5 Growth Centre Bawal, Phase –I&II (Under-construction) 22.500 6 Phase I, Barwala 1.000 7 I.E. Phase-I, II & III, Sector – 3, & 3A, Karnal 1.000 8 Industrial estate, Jind 1.000 9 Food Park, Phase-I, Saha (Under-construction) 3.000 10 Industrial model town (IMT), Phase-III and IV, Manesar 15.000 11 Industrial Estate, Murthal (Proposed) 0.200 12 HUDA, Sector-29, Part-II, Panipat 21.000 13 Sector 37, Gurgaon (Electroplating Welfare Association) 0.200 14 Electroplating Zone, Sector- 58 Faridabad 0.675 (Faridabad Small Scale Pollution Control Co-operative Society) Total 84.575 Haryana (Needed / Proposed CETPs) S.
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    HINDU CASTES AND SECTS. PREF A.CE. IN the last edition of my" Commentaries on Hindu Law" I devoted a chapter to the Hindn Caste System which attracted the attention of the Publishers, and they suggested that the subject might well be expanded so as to be brought out as a separate volume. They suggested also that, in order to make the book complete, I should give an account not only of the Castes, but also of the important Hindu Sects, some of which are practically so many ""new Castes. As I had heen already engaged in writing a book about the hisfury and philosophy of religions, the prp­ posal, so far as the sects were concerned, was welcome indeed. About the Castes I felt very considerable diffidence; but it seemed to me that, in a town like Calcutta, where there are men from every part of India, it might not be quite impossible to collect the necessary information. When, however, I actually commenced my enquiries, then I fully realised the difficulty of my task. The original information contained in this work has been derived from a very large number of Hindn gentlemen hailing from different parts of India. I here iv PRBFACK. gratefully acknowledge the kindness that they have shown in according to me their assistance. I feel very ;trongly inclined to insert in this book a list of their names. But the publication of snch a list is not de­ sirable for more reasons than one. To begin with, such a list would be necessarily too long to be conveniently included.
  • Socio-Political Condition of Gujarat Daring the Fifteenth Century

    Socio-Political Condition of Gujarat Daring the Fifteenth Century

    Socio-Political Condition of Gujarat Daring the Fifteenth Century Thesis submitted for the dc^ee fif DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN HISTORY By AJAZ BANG Under the supervision of PROF. IQTIDAR ALAM KHAN Department of History Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarb- 1983 T388S 3 0 JAH 1392 ?'0A/ CHE':l!r,D-2002 CENTRE OF ADVANCED STUDY TELEPHONE SS46 DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY ALIGARH-202002 TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN This is to certify that the thesis entitled 'Soci•-Political Condition Ml VB Wtmmimt of Gujarat / during the fifteenth Century' is an original research work carried out by Aijaz Bano under my Supervision, I permit its submission for the award of the Degree of the Doctor of Philosophy.. /-'/'-ji^'-^- (Proi . Jrqiaao;r: Al«fAXamn Khan) tc ?;- . '^^•^\ Contents Chapters Page No. I Introduction 1-13 II The Population of Gujarat Dxiring the Sixteenth Century 14 - 22 III Gujarat's External Trade 1407-1572 23 - 46 IV The Trading Cotnmxinities and their Role in the Sultanate of Gujarat 47 - 75 V The Zamindars in the Sultanate of Gujarat, 1407-1572 76 - 91 VI Composition of the Nobility Under the Sultans of Gujarat 92 - 111 VII Institutional Featvires of the Gujarati Nobility 112 - 134 VIII Conclusion 135 - 140 IX Appendix 141 - 225 X Bibliography 226 - 238 The abljreviations used in the foot notes are f ollov.'ing;- Ain Ain-i-Akbarl JiFiG Arabic History of Gujarat ARIE Annual Reports of Indian Epigraphy SIAPS Epiqraphia Indica •r'g-acic and Persian Supplement EIM Epigraphia Indo i^oslemica FS Futuh-^ffi^Salatin lESHR The Indian Economy and Social History Review JRAS Journal of Asiatic Society ot Bengal MA Mi'rat-i-Ahmadi MS Mirat~i-Sikandari hlRG Merchants and Rulers in Giijarat MF Microfilm.