Tonga: Climate Resilience Sector Project
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Urban Maori Authorities
TEENA BROWN PULU Minerals and Cucumbers in the Sea: International relations will transform the Tongan state Abstract Constitution law researcher Guy Powles, a Pakeha New Zealander residing in Australia was not optimistic accurate predictions on “the [Tonga] election which is coming up now in November” could be made (Garrett, 2014). “A man would be a fool to try to guess just where the balance will finish up,” he uttered to Jemima Garrett interviewing him for Radio Australia on April 30th 2014 (Garrett, 2014). Picturing the general election seven months away on November 27th 2014, Powles thought devolving the monarch’s executive powers to government by constitutional reform was Tonga’s priority. Whether it would end up an election issue deciding which way the public voted was a different story, and one he was not willing to take a punt on. While Tongans and non-Tongan observers focused attention on guessing who would get into parliament and have a chance at forming a government after votes had been casted in the November election, the trying political conditions the state functioned, floundered, and fell in, were overlooked. It was as if the Tongans and Palangi (white, European) commentators naively thought changing government would alter the internationally dictated circumstances a small island developing state was forced to work under. Teena Brown Pulu has a PhD in anthropology from the University of Waikato. She is a senior lecturer in Pacific development at AUT University. Her first book was published in 2011, Shoot the Messenger: The report on the Nuku’alofa reconstruction project and why the Government of Tonga dumped it. -
Doctor 1 William Doctor Dr. Colley Intercultural Communications 10/13
Doctor 1 William Doctor Dr. Colley Intercultural Communications 10/13/2020 Tonga The kingdom of Tonga is made up of 169 islands with people of Polynesian descent groups. Most of the Tonga islands are non-inhabited, with a general area of 750 square miles spread over 270000 square miles of the Pacific Ocean. Tonga is home to more than one hundred thousand people, with most of them residing in Tongatapu island. Tonga people speak Tongan and English languages, and they study Wesleyanism religion (Sugden, 344). They are surrounded by territories such as Fiji, Wallis, and Futunan, Samoa, New Zealand, and Caledonia. Tonga was founded in 1845. It became a traditional kingdom monarchy in 1875. It was a British protected state from 1900 to 1970 through a friendship agreement. From 1970 to 2010, the kingdom has never renounced its freedom to foreign states. Despite that, in 2010, the country becomes a constitutional monarchy. Primarily, the type of government in Tonga is the hereditary constitutional monarchy with King Tupou VI, a one-time prime minister as the current head of state. Pohiva Tuʻiʻonetoa is the current prime minister of the state; he took office in October 2019 following the death of ʻAkilisi Pohiva in September of 2019. Doctor 1 Agriculture and fishing are the main economic activities in Tonga. Notably, Tonga has a gross domestic product of 450.4 million US dollars, and the main import is food and beverages, automobiles and machinery while the main exports are fish and agricultural products like Squash, coconuts, bananas, and vanilla beans, limes, and tomatoes (Sutherland, 355). -
The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan
Dipartimento di International Relations Cattedra Mediterranean Studies The Resilience of Arab Monarchies during the Uprisings of 2011 and 2012: The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan RELATORE: Professoressa Francesca Corrao CANDIDATO Uberto Marchesi Matricola 626222 CORRELATORE: Professor Marco Mayer ANNO ACCADEMICO 2015 – 2016 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS SUMMARY 4 INTRODUCTION 6 CHAPTER 1: A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE 10 The Birth and Evolution of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan 12 Ottoman Rule 13 Conflicting Ideologies: Arab Nationalism and Zionism 14 The First World War: The Role of Diplomacy 17 Transjordan 21 The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan 25 The Coronation 26 Legitimacy of the regime 27 The Arab Awakenings in the Middle East and North Africa 32 The Boom of Young People 38 Economic and Social Marginalization 39 The Absence of Political Freedom 40 Regress of National Integration Factors 41 The growing role of Foreign and Regional Forces 42 A Comparative Overview 44 2011 – 2012 Jordanian’s Protests 46 Conclusionary Remarks 55 2 CHAPTER 2: LEGITIMACY 56 Monarchies Today 57 Legitimacy of Arab Monarchies 58 The Hashemite King 67 Abdullah II Bin al-Hussein 70 Conclusionary Remarks 78 CHAPTER 3: STABILITY 80 The eye of the cyclone 81 The Effects of the Arab Awakenings in the Stability of the Country 84 Domestic Level 88 Intermestic Level 91 Refugees and Jordan 91 The Threat of Da’esh 93 International Level 97 Neighbors 98 The Pull of the Gulf Cooperation Council 100 Washington, Amman… and Rabat 103 Conclusionary Remarks 108 CONCLUSION 113 Areas for Improvement and Further Studies 114 ANNEX I: GENERAL TIMELINE 117 ANNEX II: LIST OF CURRENT MONARCHIES 123 REFERENCES 127 3 SUMMARY On January 2013, the Kingdom of Jordan had its first elections according to the new electoral law implemented at the end of the rush of protests that shook Jordan and the Middle East during the two previous years. -
Executive Database 10 September 2020 Nb
EXECUTIVE DATABASE 10 SEPTEMBER 2020 NB: THIS DATABASE IS BASED ON INFORMATION RECEIVED FROM SA MISSIONS POLITICAL DESKS FOREIGN MISSIONS COUNTRY HEAD OF STATE DATE OF HEAD OF GOVERNMENT DATE OF MINISTER OF FOREIGN CAPITAL CITY INAUGURATION (PRIME MINISTER) APPOINTMENT AFFAIRS African Union HE Mr Matamela Cyril 12/02/2020 HE Mr Moussa Faki 14/03/2017 Addis Ababa (AU) Ramaphosa Mahamat Chairperson Chairperson of the African Union Commission0 Islamic Republic HE Mr Ashraf Ghani 29/09/2014 Chief Executive 29/09/2014 HE Haroon Kabul of Afghanistan Chakhansuri (acting) President Mr Abdullah Abdullah Minister of Foreign Affairs 23/01/2020 Republic of HE Mr Ilir Rexhep Metaj 24/07/2017 HE Mr Edi Rama 15/09/2013 HE Mr Edi Rama Tirana Albania President Prime Minister Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs 21/01/2019 Gent Cakaj Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs (with full responsibility as a Minister) 22/01/2019 Democratic HE Mr Abdelmadjid Tebboune 19/12/2019 HE Mr Abdelaziz Djerad 28/12/2019 HE Ms Sabri Boukadoum Algiers People’s President Prime Minister presiding Minister of Foreign Affairs Republic of over the Council of and International Algeria Ministers Cooperation Head of Government 02/04/2019 Principality of HE Bishop Joan Enric VIVES I 16/05/2019 HE Mr Xavier Espot 17/07/2017 HE Mrs Maria Ubach Font Andorra La Andorra SICILIA Zamora Vella Minister of Foreign Affairs (Co-Prince of Andorra) Prime Minister (Letters to each HE Mr Emmanuel Macron Co-Prince) (Co-Prince of Andorra) Republic of HE Mr João Manuel 26/09/2017 HOS is -
Empress Masako Early Life and Education[Edit] Professional Career
Empress Masako Early life and education[edit] Masako Owada (小和田雅子, Owada Masako) was born on 9 December 1963 at Toranomon Hospital in Toranomon, Minato, Tokyo.[1] She is the eldest daughter of Yumiko Egashira (b. 1938) and Hisashi Owada (b. 1932), a senior diplomat and former president of the International Court of Justice. She has two younger sisters, twins. Masako went to live in Moscow with her parents when she was two years old. At the age of five, Masako's family moved to New York City, where she attended New York City public kindergarten. In 1971, the Owadas returned to Japan, while Hisashi returned to the Foreign Ministry office.[5] Masako entered Futaba Gakuen, a private Roman Catholic girls' school in Den-en- chōfu, Tokyo. In 1979, her second year of senior high school, Masako and her family moved to the United States and settled in the Boston suburb of Belmont, Massachusetts, where her father became a guest professor of international law at Harvard College's Centre for International Affairs.[10] In 1981, she graduated from Belmont High School. Masako enrolled in the Economics Department of Harvard University/Radcliffe College in 1981. Professional career[edit] After graduation Masako moved back to Japan, where for six months (April to October 1986) she studied law at the University of Tokyo to prepare for the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs's entrance examination. Out of 800 applicants only 28 passed, Masako was one of them, along with two other women. "She was assigned, first, to the Second International Organizations Division which deals with Japan's relations with international agencies, such as the OECD, a club of 30 rich countries committed to free trade and development. -
Press Release
Embassy of Japan Tonga PRESS RELEASE EOJ/2020/01 February 21, 2020 His Majesty the Emperor of Japan’s 60th Birthday celebrated in Tonga Together with Their Majesties the King and Queen Their Majesties, King Tupou VI and Queen Nanasipau‘u of the Kingdom of Tonga graced the reception in Nuku‘alofa to commemorate the 60th Birthday of His Majesty, Emperor Naruhito of Japan. His. Excellency Mr. ISHII Tetsuya, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of Japan hosted the reception at his residence in ‘Anana in the evening of Thursday, 20 February 2020. The Prime Minister of Tonga, Honourable Pohiva Tu‘i‘onetoa attended the reception besides six other Cabinet Ministers, Lord Ma’afu, Hon. Tevita Lavemaau, Hon. Poasi Tei, Hon. Siaosi Sovaleni, Hon Akosita Lavulavu, Hon. Vatau Hui, along with Lord Fakafanua, Speaker of Tonga’s Legislative Assembly and Lady Fakafanua, Lord Dalgety and Heads of Diplomatic Mission. Also present were Chief Justice, Police Commissioner, Attorney General, Church Leaders, People’s Representatives to the Legislative Assembly, Honorary Consuls, International Organizations Resident Representatives, Government Executive Officials, Public and Private Business General Managers, Japan related alumni representatives and more than 230 guests. In addressing the occasion H.E Mr. ISHII Tetsuya expressed gratitude to Their Majesties for gracing the event. “This is the first Emperor’s Birthday Reception in Japan’s new era, “Reiwa,” which means beautiful harmony and its significance can be symbolized by Tonga and Japan celebrating historic occasions,” said the Ambassador. “His Majesty, The Emperor Naruhito is turning 60 years old on February 23, and it is a joyous occasion for the people of Japan.” The enthronement ceremony for Their Majesties Emperor Naruhito and Empress Masako was held last year in October and Their Majesties King Tupou VI and Queen Nanasipau’u graced the ceremony with their presence. -
Pe Structure Cf Tongan Dance a Dissertation
(UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII LIBRARY P E STRUCTURE CF TONGAN DANCE A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE DIVISION CF THE UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII IN PARTIAL FUIFILDffiNT CF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE CF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN ANTHROPOLOGY JUNE 1967 By _\G Adrienne L? Kaeppler Dissertation Committee: Alan Howard, Chairman Thomas W. Maretzki Roland W. Force Harold E. McCarthy Barbara B. Smith PREFACE One of the most conspicious features of Polynesian life and one that has continually drawn comments from explorers, missionaries, travelers, and anthropologists is the dance. These comments have ranged from outright condemnation, to enthusiastic appreciation. Seldom, however, has there been any attempt to understand or interpret dance in the total social context of the culture. Nor has there been any attempt to see dance as the people themselves see it or to delineate the structure of dance itself. Yet dance has the same features as any artifact and can thus be analyzed with regard both to its form and function. Anthropologists are cognizant of the fact that dance serves social functions, for example, Waterman (1962, p. 50) tells us that the role of the dance is the "revalidation and reaffirmation of the aesthetic, religious, and social values shared by a human society . the dance serves as a force for social cohesion and as a means to achieve the cultural continuity without which no human community can persist.” However, this has yet to be scientifically demonstrated for any Pacific Island society. In most general ethnographies dance has been passed off with remarks such as "various movements of the hands were used," or "they performed war dances." In short, systematic study or even satisfactory description of dance in the Pacific has been virtually neglected despite the significance of dance in the social relations of most island cultures. -
The Tongan Pentecost of 1834 : a Revival in the Kingdom of Tonga
ABSTRACT The Tongan Pentecost of 1834: A Revival in the Kingdom of Tonga: A Possible Key for Renewal and Unity for the Tongan Church Today by Manase Koloamatangi Tafea The Tongan Pentecost was a revival that took place in the kingdom of Tonga ' when Aisea Vovole Latu preached in the village of 'Utui in 1 834. During the service the Holy Spirit moved in a mighty way empowering the congregation until prayers, singing, and testimonies began in such a way that the preacher could not control them. The fire of the Holy Spirit which started in 'Utui spread within a month to all the islands in the Tonga group. The king and the people were converted, resulting in unity and a new motivation for mission and evangelism. After a year the momentum of this Tongan Pentecost spread to the other Pacific islands, first to the Fijian and Samoan groups. Although the Tongan people today tend to remember the history of the 1 834 Tongan Pentecost, their experience of the Holy Spirit is, by and large, limited and perfunctory resulting in division and lack of purpose. Therefore, the purpose of this project dissertation is to rediscover how the Tongan Pentecost of 1 834 affected the Tongan worldview, establishing a sense of unity and mission, and to see if a fresh encounter with the Holy Spirit can renew that sense of unity and mission today. In this project I examined the history of the 1834 experience. With a questionnaire I discovered: (1) that the experience actually happened; (2) that the experience created unity and purpose; and, (3) that the experience could be renewed so the Tongan church can be reunited and motivated toward mission and evangelism. -
Kingdom of Tonga National Parliamentary Election 16 November 2017
Kingdom of Tonga National Parliamentary Election 16 November 2017 Kingdom of Tonga National Parliamentary Election 16 November 2017 Table of Contents Acknowledgements .........................................................................................................................iv Executive Summary ........................................................................................................................ vii Recommendations ......................................................................................................................... viii Chapter 1 ......................................................................................................................................... 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................ 1 Terms of Reference .................................................................................................................. 1 Activities ................................................................................................................................... 1 Chapter 2 ......................................................................................................................................... 3 POLITICAL BACKGROUND ............................................................................................................ 3 Early History ............................................................................................................................ -
2020 Multicultural Calendar
2020 MULTICULTURAL CALENDAR Cultural Perspectives on Ageing CORALIE CASSADY ABORIGINAL Coralie identifies as Aboriginal, her grandmother’s ancestral connection being the ‘Jirrbal’ people of the Atherton Tablelands area. Both her maternal grandparents were sent to Palm Island where Coralie’s mother was born in 1927. Coralie was born in Innisfail, raised in Ingham and has been living in Townsville since 2000. She graduated from James Cook University with a Diploma of Communication (2001) and also holds a Diploma of Radio Broadcasting from the Batchelor Institute, North Territory (2006). Coralie Cassady has self-published two poetry books ‘Poetic Perspective’ (2001) and ‘Proper Deadly Poetry’ (2007). Her poem ‘No Disgrace’ from the book ‘Proper Deadly Poetry’ is now a part of the Australian curriculum, having been published in Pearson’s English 9 textbook in 2012. The same poem also appears on the well informed indigenous themed ‘Creative Spirits’ website. She writes about racism, alcohol abuse, mental health issues, domestic violence, politics and family in general. Coralie’s main passion is mental health issues. She has read her mental health poems and other poems at various events and has been a regular contributor to ‘letters to the editor’ of the Townsville Bulletin on many topics during the past 15 years. Coralie added these reflections during our interview. “Although we speak English at home our traditional language from our ancestral tribe ‘Jirrbal’ is slowly being revived. I usually attend our NAIDOC week events. I read my poem -
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TEENA BROWN PULU “Ma’afu’s Word is in the Hills” What is a Noble’s Role in a Democratised Tonga? Foreword Many forms of Government have been tried, and will be tried in this world of sin and woe. No one pretends that democracy is perfect or all-wise. Indeed, it has been said that democracy is the worst form of government except all those other forms that have been tried from time to time. Winston Churchill The Kingdom of Tonga’s nobility, a land owning class of thirty three title holders and estates – all men – have been the subject of scrutiny and criticism in the political reform of this small island developing state from an absolute monarchy to a democratised state and society. A range of viewpoints have emerged since the November 2010 general election signalling the advent of a new parliamentary arrangement. This afforded greater representation of seventeen people’s representatives elected from registered voters on the general role to that of the nobility, nine nobles elected to the House from their class group of landed gentry. Opinions are put forward by ordinary citizens. The nobility, by comparison, have been reluctant to respond as a collective. However, individual nobles have reacted against arguments that their election to parliament is altered (Radio New Zealand 2012a). An idea which has surfaced is that the nobles should not be elected by their class group, but made to stand for election on the general roll and compete with Dr. Teena Brown Pulu is a lecturer at AUT University “Ma’afu’s Word is in the Hills” 139 What is a Noble’s Role in a Democratised Tonga? ordinary citizen candidates. -
Emperor Naruhito's Ascension
4 | The Japan Times | Wednesday, May 1, 2019 Emperor Naruhito’s Ascension Ceremonies mark start of Reiwa Era KYODO Japan’s imperial succession entered a key stage on Wednesday with ceremonies mark- ing Emperor Naruhito’s ascension to the throne, a day after his 85-year-old father abdicated as the first living Japanese mon- arch in over 200 years to do so. As a member of the Japanese monarchy, Emperor Naruhito can claim a number of firsts. None of the previous emperors had the experience of studying abroad, and he is also the first emperor to not be separated from his family and brought up largely by nannies. Then-Crown Prince Naruhito and then-Crown Princess Masako visit a temporary housing shelter The 59-year-old earlier signaled his intent on Sept. 26 in Asakura, Fukuoka Prefecture, after torrential rains hit the area in July 2017. KYODO to adapt to “the changing times,” while also saying his years with his parents would Chronology of major events related to Emperor Naruhito serve as “major guideposts” for him as he performs his nonpolitical duties as the sym- The following is a timeline of Emperor Naruhito’s life and major events that have occurred bol of the state in the years ahead. throughout it so far. “I would like to pursue my duties as the Feb. 23, 1960 — Born the eldest son of Emperor Emeritus Akihito and Empress Emerita symbol (of the state) by always being beside Emperor Naruhito KYODO Then-Crown Prince Naruhito celebrates his 59th birthday with then-Crown Princess Masako at Michiko.