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Empowering the Local Voice in a Graphical Representation of New Zealand’S Biological Heritage (Flora & Fauna)

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Empowering the Local Voice in a Graphical Representation of New Zealand’S Biological Heritage (Flora & Fauna) Empowering the Local Voice in a Graphical Representation of New Zealand’s Biological Heritage (Flora & Fauna) Miss Jodanne Aitken1, Mr Marcus Shadbolt1, Mr James Doherty2, Docter James Ataria1,3, Mrs Melanie Mark-Shadbolt3 1Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand, 28 Bailey Cres, Kaingaroa Forest, New Zealand, 3Te Tira Whakamātaki (https://ttw.co.nz/index.php/home/), , Mātauranga Māori and Shaping Ecological Futures Symposium, Stewart Theatre 2, December 2, 2019, 3:15 PM - 5:15 PM Biography: I am in my third year of a Bachelor of Science majoring in Conservation and Ecology and an additional major in Environmental Management at Lincoln University. I aspire to be involved in an organization or group of people that work together to help research, protect, share and conserve the natural environment so that generations to come can experience its beauty. Abstract: The decline of iwi dialects and terms for localised fauna and flora also risks losing associated mātauranga for these species. This research project was co-created with a kaumatua (elder) from the Tuhoe-Tuawhenua region who was concerned at the loss of their own Māori names for flora and fauna in their region. The research was designed to demonstrate how we could retain and empower local bio-heritage terms via the creation of a static visual educational resource. This proof-of-concept resource is being created using the forest vegetation of the Tuhoe-Tuawhenua environs. The plants will be identified by their local Māori term and their corresponding scientific name. Depicting ecological accuracy in the artwork was a specific requirement of the kaumatua and created some unique challenges for the project team and artist. We will talk about the approaches used and will include samples of the finalised artwork. This project was funded by the New Zealand’s Biological Heritage National Science Challenge. Flammability of crown fuel mixtures is non-additive: Low flammability plants reduce fire residence time and total heat release Mr Md Azharul Alam1, Professor Charles Fleischmann2, Dr Sarah Wyse3, A/Prof Hannah Buckley4, Mr Jake Spinks2, Mr Patrick De La Mare2, Dr Jon Sullivan1, Professor George Perry5, Dr Timothy Curran1 1Department of Pest Management and Conservation, Lincoln University, Lincoln 7646, New Zealand, 2Civil & Natural Resources Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand, 3Bio-protection Research Centre, Lincoln University, Lincoln 7647, New Zealand, 4School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1142, New Zealand, 5School of Environment, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand Fire Symposium (I), Stewart Theatre 2, December 3, 2019, 11:00 AM - 12:30 PM Biography: Azharul Alam is a Ph.D. student in the Department of Pest Management and Conservation at Lincoln University, New Zealand. His research focused on plant flammability and fire ecology. Mainly, he is doing research to better understand plant flammability by making relationships between plant functional traits and flammability Quantifying the flammability of plant species is key to understanding the hazards and behavior of fire in the field, and numerous studies have been undertaken to determine the flammability of individual species. However, in nature, plants with varying flammability co-occur, and wildfires often burn through the canopy of mixed stands. Hence, experimental burning of mixed-species fuels is needed to understand fire behavior in the field where multiple species are burning in combination. In this study, we burned 70 cm shoot samples from two high-flammability and two low-flammability species, across all pairwise combinations, using oxygen depletion calorimetry. Using measurements of eight flammability parameters, we evaluated whether 1) the flammability of the two-species mixtures was different from the constituent individual species, and 2) the presence of low flammability plants influenced the flammability variables in the mixed-species burns. The overall flammability of the shoot level mixtures was non-additive, and driven by the most flammable species. While the parameters related to ignitibility and combustibility were unaffected by the presence of low flammability plants in the mixed fuel, the burning time and total heat released were significantly reduced by less flammable species. This study suggests that flammability differs in mixed-fuels than when burning their constituent species, and is usually driven by the specific flammability of a single species in the mixture. The reduction of burning time and total heat released by the presence of low flammability plants in the mixture highlights how low flammability plants could be used to reduce fire spread and impact. How can we motivate conservation volunteering? A case study of community pest control on Herald Island Hayley Alena1, Associate Professor James Russell1, Associate Professor Niki Harré1 1The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand Invasive Species, Stewart Theatre 1, December 3, 2019, 11:00 AM - 12:30 PM Biography: Hayley has completed undergraduate and postgraduate studies at The University of Auckland. Her master's research focused on the social and psychological aspects of involvement in community pest control projects. Hayley is currently in her first year of a Ph.D. in ecology supervised by George Perry and Janet Wilmshurst. Along with the increasing awareness of human’s impacts on the natural environment, a focus on understanding factors influencing pro-environmental behaviour to mitigate this has increased. This case study applied social science and psychological methods to an issue in the natural sciences, of how to motivate conservation behaviour. This study focused on the inhabited Herald Island off the North Shore of Auckland. Herald Island is a 35-hectare island with a population of 700. The island’s environmental group hosts regular volunteer activities such as beach clean-ups, weeding and planting days. The group had started a new project called ‘Bring Back the Birds’, with the ambitious goal to be the first inhabited island to eradicate mammalian pests. Community-wide surveys showed that place attachment (the attachment an individual has to the place in which they live) predicted different levels of general involvement in the environmental group (regular volunteer, occasional volunteer, non-volunteer), but did not predict rat trapping. Rat trapping was instead predicted by owning a house and by living on the island for longer. Interviews with 15 residents who had taken on leadership roles for the rat trapping project showed their motivations generally could be characterised as environmental, social, community-driven and for personal gain. Surprisingly, social and community related motivations were more important than environmental motivations. These leadership roles were also predicted by strong attachments to the community of Herald Island (‘civic place attachment’). Recommendations for motivating community conservation and involvement in pest control will be discussed. Experimental mesocosm communities reveal no support for enemy release Dr. Warwick Allen1,2, Dr. Lauren Waller1,2, Dr. Jason Tylianakis1, Dr. Barbara Barratt3, Dr. Ian Dickie1 1University of Canterbury, , , 2Lincoln University, , , 3AgResearch, , Invasive Species Impacts Symposium II (plants, microorganisms, and insects), Stewart Theatre 1, December 3, 2019, 3:30 PM - 5:00 PM Biography: Warwick Allen is based at the University of Canterbury and is a postdoctoral fellow in the Bio- Protection Research Centre. He is interested in biological invasions, multitrophic species interactions, and biogeography. His postdoctoral research investigates how the structure of multitrophic species interaction networks can influence the success of invasive plants and arthropods, and how native communities respond to these invasions. The enemy release hypothesis is commonly invoked to explain the success of invasive exotic species, positing that invaders suffer less damage from enemies in their introduced range relative to co-occurring native species. However, support for this prediction has been mixed, with empirical tests mostly comprising pairwise native-invasive comparisons using a single enemy, and with little consideration given to indirect interactions (e.g., apparent competition). To address these limitations, we manipulated plant-herbivore interactions in 180 experimental mesocosm communities, designed from a pool of 39 plant and 20 arthropod herbivore species, that varied in provenance, phylogeny, and traits. We measured plant and herbivore biomass and quantified plant-herbivore interaction networks, that were then used to calculate each species’ potential to exert or suffer from apparent competition based on shared herbivores. We used these data to ask whether exotic and native plants differed in direct herbivory as well as their potential for apparent competition. Across all plant and herbivore species, we found no support for the enemy release hypothesis: compared to native plants, exotic species interacted with a greater diversity of herbivores, accumulated more herbivore biomass, suffered greater leaf chewing damage, and had a larger reduction in biomass due to herbivores. Moreover, exotic plants had higher potential to both exert and receive apparent competition effects than native species, driven by their higher herbivore loads and sharing of interaction partners. Our findings suggest that the enemy release hypothesis breaks down at the community level, with important implications
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