Eine Interdisziplinäre Annäherung

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Eine Interdisziplinäre Annäherung A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Kaul, Susanne (Ed.); Lange, Stefan (Ed.) Research Report Politische Ziele und ästhetische Strategien von Umweltdokumentarfilmen: Eine interdisziplinäre Annäherung Thünen Report, No. 70 Provided in Cooperation with: Johann Heinrich von Thünen Institute, Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries Suggested Citation: Kaul, Susanne (Ed.); Lange, Stefan (Ed.) (2020) : Politische Ziele und ästhetische Strategien von Umweltdokumentarfilmen: Eine interdisziplinäre Annäherung, Thünen Report, No. 70, ISBN 978-3-86576-205-4, Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institut, Braunschweig, http://dx.doi.org/10.3220/REP1585820523000 This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/218812 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an Open gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. may exercise further usage rights as specified in the indicated licence. www.econstor.eu Politische Ziele und ästhetische Strategien von Umwelt- dokumentarfilmen Eine interdisziplinäre Annäherung Susanne Kaul, Stefan Lange (Hrsg.) Thünen Report 70 Bibliografi sche Informati on: Bibliographic informati on: Bereits in dieser Reihe erschie- Die Deutsche Nati onalbibliothek The Deutsche Nati onalbibliothek nene Bände fi nden Sie im Inter- verzeichnet diese Publikati onen (German Nati onal Library) lists net unter www.thuenen.de in der Deutschen Nati onal- this publicati on in the German bibliografi e; detaillierte Nati onal Bibliography; detailed Volumes already published in bibliografi sche Daten sind im bibliographic data is available on this series are available on the Internet unter the Internet at www.dnb.de Internet at www.thuenen.de www.dnb.de abru� ar. Zitati onsvorschlag – Suggested source citati on: Die Verantwortung für die Kaul S, Lange S (Hrsg.) (2020) Politi sche Ziele und ästheti sche Inhalte liegt bei den jeweiligen Strategien von Umweltdokumentarfi lmen - Eine interdisziplinäre Verfassern bzw. Verfasserinnen. Annäherung. Braunschweig: Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Insti tut, 224 p, Thünen Rep 70, DOI:10.3220/REP1585820523000 The respecti ve authors are responsible for the content of their publicati ons. Thünen Report 70 Herausgeber/Redakti onsanschrift – Editor/address Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Insti tut Bundesallee 50 38116 Braunschweig Germany [email protected] www.thuenen.de ISSN 2196-2324 ISBN 978-3-86576-205-4 DOI:10.3220/REP1585820523000 urn:nbn:de:gbv:253-202004-dn062197-5 Politische Ziele und ästhetische Strategien von Umwelt- dokumentarfilmen Eine interdisziplinäre Annäherung Susanne Kaul, Stefan Lange (Hrsg.) Thünen Report 70 Gefördert und vor Ort organisatorisch und technisch realisiert durch das Zentrum für interdisziplinäre Forschung (ZiF) der Universität Bielefeld HERAUSGEBER: PD Dr. Susanne Kaul Universität Bielefeld Fakultät für Linguistik und Literaturwissenschaft Postfach 10 01 31 D-33501 Bielefeld E-Mail: [email protected] Stefan Lange Forschungskoordinator des Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Instituts Bundesforschungsinstitut für Ländliche Räume, Wald und Fischerei Bundesallee 50 38116 Braunschweig E-Mail: [email protected] Thünen Report 70 Braunschweig/Deutschland, April 2020 i Vorwort Vom 16. bis 18. Mai 2019 hat eine Arbeitsgemeinschaft zum Thema Politische Ziele und ästheti- sche Strategien von Umweltdokumentarfilmen am Bielefelder Zentrum für interdisziplinäre Forschung (ZiF) getagt. Ihr Ziel war es, im Dialog zwischen Medien-/Kulturwissenschaft, Philoso- phie, Agrarwissenschaften, Biologie, Umwelttechnik und Filmschaffenden herauszubekommen, wie ökologisches Wissen in Dokumentarfilmen vermittelt wird. Die Ergebnisse dieses Austau- sches, der eine besondere Herausforderung war, weil nicht nur Fächergrenzen überschritten wurden, sondern auch die traditionelle Kluft zwischen Geistes- und Naturwissenschaft, sind in diesem Band festgehalten worden. Ein Jahr zuvor, im April 2018, hat der Bundesgerichtshof in Karlsruhe das Urteil gefällt, dass Filmaufnahmen von Tierschützer*innen, auch wenn sie illegal sind, als zulässig gelten, sofern sie Miseren in der Tierhaltung und Nahrungsmittelproduktion aufdecken, die für die Öffentlichkeit von erheblichem Interesse sind. Daran ist abzulesen, welche Beweiskraft die Gesellschaft ein- schlägigen Filmdokumentationen mittlerweile zuerkennt. Diese Erkenntnis hat uns darin bestärkt, ein gemeinsames interdisziplinäres Projekt auf die Beine zu stellen. Medien-/Kulturwissenschaftler*innen stoßen bei der Analyse von Umweltdokumentarfilmen mit ihrem fachspezifischen Handwerkszeug an eine Grenze, die eine naturwissenschaftliche Expertise verlangt. Etwa um zu entscheiden, ob eine bestimmte Montagetechnik, Perspektivierung oder musikalische Untermalung die Funktion besitzt, die Zuschauer*innen in ihrer Werthaltung zu beeinflussen, bedarf es eines naturwissenschaftlichen Wissens um die exakte Sachlage und inhaltliche Richtigkeit des Dargestellten. Auf der anderen Seite konzentriert sich ein naturwissen- schaftlicher Blick auf solche Filme nur auf die Inhalte, während die Medienwissenschaft die Expertise für die Darstellungstechniken mit sich bringt. Für weitergehende Fragen – welche Werte werden eigentlich mit welchem Recht in den Filmen verdeckt oder offen transportiert, mit welchen Kriterien und Begründungen wird gearbeitet – kann die Philosophie zu Rate gezogen werden. Und schließlich sind die praktischen Erfahrungen von Filmemacher*innen, die unter den Rahmenbedingungen des heutigen Medienbetriebs an dieser sensiblen Schnittstelle von Fakten und Werthaltungen Umweltdokumentationen produzieren, für die Diskussion eines solch kom- plexen Themas essentiell. So entstand das Projekt von Anfang an als ein notwendig interdiszipli- när anzugehendes. Genau dieser gewählte Ansatz erschien uns auf der Tagung als besonders bereichernd und fruchtbar. Wir haben viel debattiert, zunächst über die verschiedenen methodischen Möglichkei- ten, die gemeinsame Fragestellung nach den politischen Zielen und ästhetischen Strategien von Umweltdokumentarfilmen anzugehen, dies sodann an Fallbeispielen erprobt, mit dem Ergebnis, dass die Analysen fundierter und vielschichtiger werden, dass verbleibende Diskrepanzen sich hingegen eher an normativen Fragen entzünden, was ein Dokumentarfilm leisten soll und wie dezidiert er Position beziehen darf. ii Diese sehr ernsthaften Diskussionen und Analysen enthielten aber auch ‚comic reliefs‘ – so haben wir gelernt: „Mit vollem Mund isst man nicht.“ Wir danken dem Bielefelder Zentrum für interdisziplinäre Forschung (ZiF) für die Förderung der Arbeitsgemeinschaft, dem ZiF-Team vor Ort für die organisatorische und technische Unterstüt- zung, insbesondere Marina Hoffmann für die perfekte Betreuung seitens des Tagungsbüros, den Mitdiskutant*innen Jessie Marquardt, Hans Jürgen Wulff und Marc Menningmann, Alexa Weik von Mossner für ihren mündlichen Tagungsbeitrag zu Valentin Thurns Film TASTE THE WASTE, Stefan Adamick für das Cover-Design dieses Bandes, Josefa Eckardt für die Transkription der Diskussion von Valentin Thurns Vortrag, dem ZiF und der Gesellschaft der Freunde des Thünen- Instituts e.V. (GdF) für die Finanzierung dieser Publikation, Mareike Zech vom Thünen-Institut für die Satzrealisierung – und besonders Felicitas Schneider für ihre Mitarbeit am gesamten Projekt. Bielefeld/Braunschweig im Dezember 2019, Susanne Kaul und Stefan Lange Schlüsselwörter: Umweltdokumentarfilm, ästhetische Strategie, Filmanalyse, filmische Erzähl- weise, Lebensmittelproduktionsystem, Lebensmittelabfälle, Fischereimanagement, CRISPR/Cas, Ernährungsverhalten, Anthropozän, Umweltethik, Ecocriticism, journalistische Standards, Envi- ronmental Humanities iii Summary Since the beginning of the 21st century, there has been a boom in environmental documentary films in which the “ecological crisis” is illustrated, for example, by deficits in the food industry and livestock farming, food waste, climate change and biodiversity as well as the pros and cons of genetically modified food. Analysing the political goals and aesthetic strategies of such environ- mental documentaries was the objective of a three-day workshop at the Center of Interdiscipli- nary Research (ZiF) at Bielefeld University in May 2019. Bridging the traditional gap between cultural studies and natural sciences by bringing together their respective disciplinary approaches was the overall ambition of the interdisciplinary working group: agricultural science and biology focussed on the production site of environmental knowledge, whilst media studies analysed aesthetic methods of communication.
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