Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre CAS ;+'*E9+'+ doi: '+'99''H;+'*+'+ http://folia.paru.cas.cz

Research Article Some , including two new ,

František Moravec and Tomáš Scholz

!"5$ D567

Abstract: Fourteen species (twelve adult and two larval) of nematodes belonging to the Ascaridoidea, Camallanoidea, Cosmocer@ K7!M>"NQ!["U6V@ 7F!W$XQUX!F! N![?UW$NXN"!Q$QCucullanus mormyri sp. n. from caschive Linnaeus (type host), Mormyrus sp. and Marcusenius cyprinoides (Linnaeus) (all Mormyri@ dae), and Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) pseudospiralis sp. n. from schall (Bloch et Schneider) (type host), S. frontosus Vaillant and S. nigrita Valenciennes (all ), which are described based on light and scanning electron microscopical studies. Cucullanus baylisi!@6'DE'@$QSynodontis spp., is redescribed in detail. A key to Procamallanus (SpirocamallanusX![Falcaustra guiersi\ 'D*&5! F. hexapapillataU^'DE;XN[QCucullanus baylisi W$!;+++ (= a homonym to C. baylisi!@6'DE'X@! C. dubius nom. n. and is considered a species inquirenda. Keywords: !>!Q>M

Q7!;-` of this paper (T. S.) and his collaborators in the and QR'&+++Q[UW x;++

!"$&'&*++-5$ D56789;+&<***-9&;=>89;+&<-&'+&<<=?@!!B Zoobank number for article: 7$7?+'9@-

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. '+'99''H;+'*+'+ Moravec and Scholz: nematodes in Africa

RESULTS !?!@Q '+;M';E & *;M'+-= Cosmocercoidea 6'D'E U'?XQ7!U'‚XN *9!=&;! Description. !@ ! Q !@ F! Helmintholog@ [ W ical Collection of the Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre 7 F Q ! " 5$ D5 U@ 7 !@ U ' ;X M @ "XVV@'';- erture large, triangular, surrounded by 3 small lips, each 7;=!U Remarks. To date, ten species of Falcaustra Lane, 'X 7 \ 'D'9 7 7 ! [ F. gui- Oesophagus consists of short, muscular pharyngeal por@ ersi \ 'D*& F. hexapapillata U^ 'DE;X \!!@77 F. petrei U^'D*+XF. piscicolaUWQ'D+*X 77U'XV F. similis\;++9F. straeleni Campa@ 7'H9Q> @6'DE'F. sudanensisU^'DE;XF. tchadi 5@77U'X@ \ N'D*& F. therezieni'D*D >N7> F. verbekei !@6'DE'U^ sharply pointed. 'DD*\;++9X!@ Male U[!XW7';&M'D<!! cally parasites of characiform, cypriniform and perciform !>!!Q--E@7777<;M'&E'+DM'-+ MQ7@! '+DM'&E;9-M&;EV9E;M-&+ >U '&M'E!!>'!7@ dus nefasch (syn. D. niloticus ‡KxˆX" ly. Caudal alae absent. Ventral precloacal sucker present, and F. guiersi from D. rostratus Günther in Senegal (Khal@ &9ME-!!!= 'DE;\ 'D*&XNQƽ@ body between cloaca and sucker with ca'+;M'+< tiated from the former one mainly by some details in the 7x!7U'}X mouth structure (but both of these species were studied Fourteen pairs of caudal papillae present, of which only by LM) and by the larger body and longer oesophagus E 7 ' * U\ 'D*&X U- 7 ; = ! The present specimens are morphologically very similar XU'F};M?XM@ to F. hexapapillata, but their body is more than twice as al unpaired median papilla present on anterior cloacal lip long as that reported for F. hexapapillata7^U'DE;X U'F};?X">!x U! ';&M'D< !! ! '<*M;;< !! vs 'EM'D!!U'K};M?X‚@ !E;ME*!!!*EM*D!!X 7! Q @$ Q 7U'EM'D!!vs';M'&!!X Q@Q;&'M;*;U'F}X these measurements, they are closer to F. guiersi (body N;+9M;*;U'F};M?X length of male and female 10 mm and 14.3 mm, respec@ Female U[ !X W 7 ='-!!M\ 'D*&X" '<*M;;< !! !>!! Q +DDM''E !! W 7! ƽ@ 9'=Q';;M'-+ es between F. hexapapillata and F. guiersi and because W;9M;*!!=@ the present specimens were collected from the same host >E@77 Sudan) as F. hexapapillata, it is apparent that all these bi@ 77D-M'+D';;M'-+'&EM'E&&'&M&D9@ !ƽQ[7@ V99DM-'*''M';!!> ty of one and the same species, F. hexapapillata, and that 'DM;;!!!>!\x@ F. guiersi5! ''9M'&E!!!>!U N"?>!F. hexapapillata, used -

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Fig. 1. Falcaustra hexapapillataU^'DE;X!Distichodus nefasch (Bonnatere). AM!Q=BM@ !Q=CM!Q=DM!Q=EMGM=HM Q= I M!Q= JM!Q

>!7@ U;;;&V!7;++<="9'+"9*-7X tribution of male caudal papillae. 7F!W$^!‚7US. frontosus, S. nigri- ta, S. schallXU;-;EV!7;++<="-;;7"--* "--<"--DX7" Falcaustra similis \;++9 Prevalence and intensity: S. frontosusV 1 Hosts: Synodontis frontosus Vaillant, S. nigrita Valenciennes, [H'[>!='!S. frontosus, Atbara S. schall (Bloch et Schneider) and S. serratus 6U"@ F!W$'H9='S. nigrita7F!W$;H&=' luriformes: Mochokidae). ES. schall7F!W$'H;='S. serratusV Site of infection: Intestine. 'H'=' Localities: V"US. frontosus, S. serratus) F! "V@<'D

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A B

C D

F

Fig. 2. Falcaustra hexapapillataU^'DE;X!Distichodus nefasch (Bonnatere), scanning electron micrographs of male. AM@ 77QUQX=BMQ=C, DM Q=EM7Q=FMAbbreviationsM!=7M= M7=M=M

Remarks. The present nematodes are in full agreement three pairs of preanal papillae and by much shorter spicules with the descriptions of F. similis provided by Moravec >-&+3! \U;++9;+'-XN[@ [U7X Seuratoidea K'D'E from Synodontis nigromaculatus Boulenger (type host), S. vanderwaali Skelton et White (both Mochokidae) and Cucullanidae77'!!Q9&-W@ foregoing species F. hexapapillata by the presence of only '9 !! ';` Q 7 =

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! ;&' Q 'D+= !>!! !'E&M;9-!@ Q '** F ;+9M;DD W E<+MD-; !>!9*E&&` *E; !;+9M;*;Q'-+M;'<=!!!Q E&D!7 E!!Q end of body curves ventrally. Cloacal region not elevat@ '+DM'**F! W!@$! >!;DDM&<'&DM99` cloacal opening. F>--!@ ='![ !$;&'M;!! Q &E*ME'; U;-!! Q @ Cucullanus baylisi !@6'DE' Figs. 3, 4 'E&M;+9U';;M'-+X‡D-ˆF !>!&-9M9;;U&'&M&E*X‡;DDˆ@ Description. !@ ! Q 9'M9;`U&DM99`X‡9'`ˆ elongate, with slightly transversely striated cuticle. Lateral F>*E;MD-;UE&DM**-X‡E-&ˆ alae absent. Cephalic end somewhat asymmetrical in later@ ! - elevated. Vagina directed anteriorly from vulva. Uteri op@ anterior end to form bulbous pseudobuccal capsule (oe@ posed, containing numerous mature eggs (few immature !X=> X‡ˆ=! !QQ!U&FXM@ reach anteriorly to short distance posterior to end of oe@ V > &DM99` ! ? @Q Q F! = Q [ !Q7Q@@ U &X " <9MD+ & -9MEE U&F9KX?> W&;EM&9+U;- U&?9X Male (nine specimens from Synodontis sp.). Length Hosts: Synodontis schall (Bloch et Schneider) and Synodontis 7 -DM'+< !! !>!! Q ;E

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Fig. 3. Cucullanus baylisi!@6'DE'!Synodontis schall (Bloch et Schneider). A, BM! Q=CMQ=DM!Q=EM !Q=FM=GM!Q=HMQ=I, JM! Q=KM7!Q

sp. (Siluriformes: Synodontidae). Prevalence and intensity: Synodontis sp., White Site of infection: Intestine. VD[HD[>!='M<![ W V^USynodontisXV S. schallV'H'=; in Sennar (S. schallX7"U;-;E F ! " ;++E;'V!7;++<="+D*"'+9 V@'''D "'+-"';-"';E"'&+"'&'"'&9"'&* "&*;7X Remarks. MQ!5!Cu- cullanus Müller, 1777 were obtained from S. schall (the

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A B

C D

F G

H

Fig. 4. Cucullanus baylisi !@6 'DE' ! Synodontis schall (Bloch et Schneider), scanning electron micrographs. A, BMQ=CM!QUQ@ X=DM!QUQX=EM!Q=FM!Q= GM!=HMAbbreviationsM!=7M=M=M! =M=M! type host of C. baylisiX[ C. clarotis'D;&!S. schall"U6 is mainly based on the host species, in addition to some V^!X morphological features. However, males and females of The present study of C. baylisi7W"? congeneric nematodes obtained from Synodontis sp. are >! U [ more or less in agreement with the original description of time) made it possible to redescribe this species in detail, C. baylisi, so that there is no doubt that they also belong to especially as to the distribution of otherwise poorly visi@ !@6U'DE'X7C. baylisi ble male genital papillae. In contrast to present data, Cam@ from S. schallF!67 @6U'DE'X and she assigned to this species also the congeneric fe@ visible lateral papillae at the level of the cloacal aperture, !!7U'D;&X 7"?>![!

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N!76VC. baylisi &*M9'` U9+`X F >@ of this Sudanense material (from Synodontis sp.) was se@ E';ME<+ UEEEX 'EM'< !! U'E !!X x75$U;+''XU‚$V respectively, from anterior end of body. Posterior end of }<+&D&-X body curves ventrally. Cloacal region not elevated. Large Bharatha W$!U;+++Xx7Q ! @$ ! species of Cucullanus, C. baylisiW$!;+++! U-‚ME?M‚X ![Netuma thalassina U6X "x*'9M<'+U*;EXQ@ U"!Xƽ U -‚X DM'+` UD`X 7 KQ ! 5 ‚7!!Q9;M9<U9-X homonym to C. baylisi!@6'DE' U -‚M}X \ $ Q [ N Q 7x!77U-‚E‚X‚@ rename the Indian species as Cucullanus dubius nom. n. lae 10 pairs: 5 pairs of subventral preanal papillae, 1 pair of x7@ subventral adanal papillae and 4 pairs of postanal papillae, nate it as a species inquirenda. It is worth mentioning that, of which 3 pairs subventral and 1 pair dorsolateral. First in addition to C. dubius [ ! x 75 described species of Cucullanus (C. arii!'D-- opening, second and third pairs of subventral postanals in C. armatus ! 'D-9 C. goasthanensis Bharath@ != $!";+++C. olivaceus$!'D*E of last pair of subventrals. Phasmids small, lateral, slightly C. tachysurus$!'D*EX!! posterior to level of second pair of subventral postanal pa@ host species (N. thalassina) in the region of the Indian U-‚ME?M‚XW!@ MU$'D!!Q;!!Q '-+F Description. !@!Q !>!9+<9-`@ elongate, with slightly transversely striated cuticle. Lat@ F > E&D 'D9- eral alae absent. Cephalic end somewhat asymmetrical in !7\x@ lateral view. Oral aperture dorsoventrally elongate, sur@ -+ !! ! >! E;` 7 rounded by raised narrow membraneous ala (collarette) =\@ supported by row of ca 110 minute basal teeth. Four sub@ !‘!= median cephalic papillae and pair of lateral amphids pres@ coils of anterior ovary reach anteriorly to short distance U-FEMXM!> posterior to end of oesophagus, those of posterior ovary at anterior end to form bulbous pseudobuccal capsule (oe@ > ! ? @ !X=> @Q*-M<9&9 formes: ) (3 nematode males). @ 5 U -X Other hosts: Mormyrus sp. (1 nematode male and 1 female) N 7 > Q ! and Marcusenius cyprinoidesUWXU'!5 $U-?‚ME?M‚X male) (both Mormyridae). Male (three specimens from M. caschive and one from Site of infection: Intestine. Mormyrops=!!X N V ^ " U W 7 *'M<* !! U<E !!X !>!! Q ;* ;++E 'E 'D V!7 ;++<= "'9& ;-!=9!Mormyrus 'H'=; U''`X Q 7 = ! M. cyprinoides'H'=; ;+9M;'<U;'!! Q @ &"V@'';+ '&EM'E&U'E&XF ?!N[!! !>!&9+M&<'U&<'X the genitive form of the generic name of the host.

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Fig. 5. Cucullanus mormyri sp. n. from Mormyrus spp. AM!7Q=B, CM! Q=DMQ=EM!Q=FM7@ !Q=GM!Q= H, IM!Q=JM7! Q=KMUMF‚MM!M. caschiveW=?^M!Mormyrus sp.)

Remarks. NQ[Cuc- ;+'9C. egyptae7@‚ƽ7@‚7 ullanusQ!x7!@ “!!;+'9U Q 7$@Q ! ! 'D;&!@6'DE'7@‚ƽ !![C. barbi'D;&C. bay- ;+'9VQ;+'9XCucullanus mormyri sp. n. can be lisi, C. clarotis, C. djilorensisVQF easily distinguished from C. barbi, C. baylisi, C. clarotis

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A B

C D

F G

Fig. 6. Cucullanus mormyri sp. n. from Mormyrus caschive Linnaeus, scanning electron micrographs of male paratypes. A, BM@ Q=CM!U!X7Q=DM=E MQUQ 77X=FM!QUQ!X= GM7Q (arrows indicate subventral preanal papillae). AbbreviationsM!=7M7!=M=M!@ @$! and C. djilorensis7>U [UM!vs Cyprin@ a long distance posterior to the end of the oesophagus vs at iformes, Mugiliformes or Siluriformes). 5X7 !=!C. barbi also by Oxyuroidea77'C. egyptae was not described, 7ƽ! C. mormyri in the presence of Cithariniella khalili \ N'D*; a ventral precloacal sucker, absence of a median preclo@ @$! Syn. Cithariniella gonzalezi Van Waerebeke, Chabaud, U-D+ME-+3!vs*'9M<'+3!XCucullanus mormyri ‚'D<< ƽ!7@!

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Hosts: Synodontis membranaceusU‚ƽ"@KX U;++DX7!!@ S. serratus6 (both Siluriformes: Mochokidae). rical features is practically impossible. A single specimen Site of infection: Intestine. (ca 10 mm long) obtained from B. humilis belongs to the W V6^V"@ morphological group of Contracaecum larvae designated as "U'E;;V!7;++<= N'7U'DD&XQ ";;D7"9'+X appendage is longer than the intestinal caecum or both these Prevalence and intensity: S. membranaceus, White >! x N ! V6'[H'[>!=9! [@7 S. serratus, V6'H&=D F!"V@D+E Contracaecum sp. @N; et Remarks. Only damaged female nematodes were avail@ U'DD&X 7"[ƽCithariniella spp. Hosts: Brycinus nurse U6X U! X !!U^7$;+'+ Clarias gariepinus (Burchell), Clarias sp. (both Siluriformes: \;+'-X[@ Clariidae) and Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus) (Perciformes: !7[ Cichlidae). \U;+'-XC. khalili is the Site of infection: Body cavity. only species of this parasitising Synodontis spp. in Localities: 6V^!UClarias sp.) (collected Africa. With respect to the paper of Moravec and Van As ;<;++E="'<&X7F!W$^! U;+'-X C. citharini ^ 'DE9 Girba (B. nurseX U;- V!7 ;++<= "-+;X 7 "= from Synodontis?C. khalili. W$NF?UC. gariepinus, O. niloti- N[C. khalili from S. serratus in the Sudan rep@ cusXUE;++E=?N+9E?N+9*X resents new host and geographical records. Prevalence and intensity: B. nurse7F!W$ ' [ H' [ >!= ' ! C. gariepinus, W$N'H;'Clarias6V'H''O. niloticus Ascaridoidea 6K'D'- Lake Tana: data not recorded (collected from several host spec@ imens). Anisakidae 6K'D'; F!"V@9E<

Multicaecum heterotis Petter, Vassiliadès et Marchand, Remarks. The present Contracaecum specimens (body 'D*D length about 10 mm from B. nurse 7 &+M-+ !! Host: Heterotis niloticus (Cuvier) (: Arapa@ from O. niloticus= ! C. gariepinus not available) imidae). were collected from the above three host species and their Site of infection: Intestine. morphology, in particular the presence of a very long cae@ W 6 V ^! U ;' !!$>Q ;++E= "+'* "+'DX V ^ U;* 7N;U'DD&X ;++E="'9-"'9E"'9*X7" !Q7@M@ ^!;[H; QU;++EX!Clarias gariepinus and Moravec et al. [>!=&9!^&H&='M; U;+'EX!Sandelia capensis (Cuvier) in South Africa, and F!"V@D9* 7\U;+'-X!> [Q Remarks. Specimens of M. heterotis of this materi@ In many countries of Africa, larvae of Contracaecum al have already been described in detail by Mašová et al. x7!UccaE+X U;+'+X Q ! VQ Q[7ƽ! !$Q!@$Q U^'DD*X! "V"U 7 ! [@ 'D*D$;++*;+'+X birds as adults.

Contracaecum @N' Camallanoidea 6K'D'- U'DD&X Host: Enteromius humilis (Boulenger) (Cypriniformes: Cypri@ Camallanidae 6K'D'- nidae). Site of infection: Body cavity. Camallanus longicaudatus 'D*& W W$ N F ? U & ;++E=?N+'EX Description of female (one larvigerous specimen). D`U'[H''[ 'D<!!!>!!Q-'*@ >!X='! 7'-+!>!!Q'E;= F!"V@'';& 7;'D&Q='99? Q'D-! Remarks. N[Cont- E&D ';; Q= racaecum 6K'D';![Q '+;+E+Q=7@

;+'*E9+'+ '''D '+'99''H;+'*+'+ Moravec and Scholz: Fish nematodes in Africa

''ED` Remarks. Only a single gravid female of Paraca- 7V> mallanus cyathopharynx was obtained from each of the &'& -*' *9< ! >! 7@! Q N !@ \x'+;!!! phology was in full agreement with the redescription of 7-'`7‘>@ !7\U;+'-7X [Q!N@ ;E!!'&`7Q Procamallanus (Procamallanus) laeviconchus (Wedl, rounded tip without any processes. '!@ Site of infection: Intestine. ined, 1 nematode. W 6 V ^! " U ;' F!"V@* ;++E="+&;X '[H;[>!@ Remarks. The only available female specimen was iden@ =*! [C. longicaudatus, because its general morphology F!"V@'& is more or less in agreement with the original description of U'D*&X!Q Remarks. The morphology and measurements of the ;E!!!Q&;M&-!! present specimens (both males and females) collected from 7U'D*&X7Q the type host (S. schall) are in agreement with the rede@ !U'&`vs';M'9`XN!C. kiranden- scriptions of this species provided by Moravec and Van As sis'D;<'9!!'9` U;++9;+'-X 7U'D;!C. kirandensis (see ![ ! U!@6 'DE' 'D*&X"7x!U'D*

Syn. Paracamallanus senegalensis\ 'D*+ Description.!@!Q[@ Hosts: Clarias gariepinus (Burchell) and Clarias sp. (Siluri@ veresely striated cuticle. Mouth aperture oval, surrounded formes: Clariidae). 7 < 7! ; Site of infection: Intestine. ! 7 9 U > W W$N?UC. gariepinus) (collected 3 X U *F?X= E ! ;++E=?N++&XV""UClarias U;97!X! XU;;V!7;++<="9';X =!!M@ Prevalence and intensity: C. gariepinus, Lake Tana: @7Q7Q7@ '[H'[>!='!Clarias sp., Blue Q Q ! Q@ V'H'=' 7Q

;+'*E9+'+ ';'D '+'99''H;+'*+'+ Moravec and Scholz: Fish nematodes in Africa cular oesophagus claviform, slightly shorter than glandular = Q 9 7! ‚!Q> ! U <X Q@ >!;H&Q7 7 -ME @$ ;M& Q!=@ U<MFX!7@ !U*MX7Q Q!$@$U*^X= QF!!Q '@ &&ME+U9$ Valenciennes (both Siluriformes: Mochokidae). U*‚M^X Site of infection: Intestine. Male (two specimens from S. schall==!@ N 6V^!"US. schall) urements of paratype in parentheses). Length of body U;';++E="+;&"+&;X '*E!!U'*-!!X!>!!Q&'&U&'&X M 7 F! W$ ^! ‚7 7DEU<*XQ*<UEEX= Sudan (S. frontosus, S. nigrita, S. schallX U ;-M;< 7';U';X-'U9!!QH V!7 ;++<= "-;9 "-&E7 "--< "--< 7 ' ';& U' '&;X " "-!!QD&U<9X= H;[>!=*';![S. fron- -&+U-&+X!>!!QD+U<*X= tosus, 7 F! W$ &H9= 'ME S. nigrita, 7 F! length ratio of muscular and glandular oesophagus 1 : 1.11 W$'H&=ES. schall, 7F!W$'H;=E (1 : 1.15). Length of entire oesophagus and buccal capsule F U E`UE`X7V ;X!" >&'&U;DDX-D<U-&+X&&+U&9! ?!N [ ! pseudospiralis relates to Posterior end of body ventrally bent, provided with the fact that until recently this species was confused with P. (S.) spiralis'D;& wide, vesiculated caudal alae supported by pedunculate =7!!@ ing thus a kind of pseudosucker, and posteriorly reaching Remarks. N[Procamallanus (Spi- nearly to caudal end (Fig. 7F,G). Preanal papillae: 3 pairs rocamallanusX'D;&$Q 7 = E [P. (S.) daleneaeU!$'DD&X! U!X=; from Synodontis spp. in South Africa, Botswana and the of small transversely elongate sessile ventral papillae sur@ F!67P. (S.) olseni (Cam@ rounding cloacal opening (Fig. 7F,G). Spicules similar @6 6 'DE-X !@ x Q = UX ![!Rhabdosargus sarba ;'&U;;-X=!UX U$ XU"X7$@Q$ '+;U'-&XU*‚XW';+D South Africa, P. (S.) parachannae}$\;+'- U''9*X‚7!7N;--U;9DX from Parachanna insignis U"X F! long, ending in sharp cuticular spike (Fig. 7F,G). 67 P. (S.) serranochromis Moravec Female U[ ! ! S. schall= \;+'-!Serranochromis spp. (Boulenger) in measurements of allotype in parentheses): Length of body Botswana, and P. (S.) spiralis mainly from Clarias spp. &E*M&<<!!U&*D!!X!>!!Q*E;M<*+U<*+X ? " Q —!7 U 'D;&7 7DEM'+;UDDX ^'DED!$'DD&‚77"!'DDE *-M<9U<'XQ=7DM';U';X-9M-*U-9X }$\;+'-\;+'-X Q>!!QH7' The new species is most similar to P. (S.) spiralis (as ''9M'&EU'';;XV!7DM''UDX 77\;+'-X!Q Q'M&U;X!W!@ ƽU;'&M -&+ME;-UE;-X!>!!QD-M'+DU'+DX= ;;-3!vs&DDM9*&3!X!@ ED9M<9&U<9&X!>!!Q sophagus relative to the muscular oesophagus (glandular D-M'+D UD-X= ! @ oesophagus slightly longer vs glandular oesophagus con@ '''*M'&-U''&-XW@ 7'''M'9 vs 1 7&M9`U9`X7 'DM;EX &9+M&E* ridges were found in the buccal capsule of the new spe@ U&-9X-99M-*'U--@ Q';U'''+X !\@x'9EM'E'!! present in P. (S.) spiralisU'D-*\ U'-9!!X!>!&DM9;`U9'`X ;+'-XN!ƽQ! body length. Vagina muscular, directed posteriorly from 7@! U *KX ‘ [ Q ! from the following key.

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Fig. 7. Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) pseudospiralis sp. n. from Synodontis schall (Bloch et Schneider). A, BM 7!!Q=CM!Q=D, EM7 !!Q= F, GM!Q= H M Q= IM!Q= J, KM!!

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A B

C D

Fig. 8. Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) pseudospiralis sp. n. from Synodontis schall (Bloch et Schneider), scanning electron micro@ [@!AMQ=B, DMQ[@$=CM Q>@$AbbreviationsM!=7M

Key to Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) spp. parasitic M7@Q@ included) terior end of glandular oesophagus, rarely at level of posterior end of muscular oesophagus. Tail of gravid '!"!N7> female conical, with short, abruptly narrowed distal Q5 ...... ; =$USyn- M!N7>QQ odontis schallX"F!6@ !5Q777 public of the Congo ...... P. (S.) pseudospiralis sp. n. male and rounded tip without terminal lobes in conspe@ [! ...... 4 9WUXΪ&&+3!?>Q posterior to posterior end of muscular oesophagus. ; W UX š &D+ 3! 7@ F 7 @Q'+M';‚@ Q ';M'E Q agus much longer than muscular oesophagus (length $@$ ! [= ! 7''DM;EX! Sparidae (RhabdosargusX 7$@Q Clariidae (Clarias) ...... P. (S.) spiralis lake in South Africa ...... P. (S.) olseni MWUXΪ;-+3!‚@ MWUXš9;+3!?> >! ! !F5 U7'+*M'9X ...... 3 Q DM'& outgrowths rounded ...... 5 &7@Q'&M'*@ ral ridges. Posterior end of glandular oesophagus with@ -W-9E3!Q'+@ ?> ! ral ridges. Parasitic in Channidae (Parachanna) in the oesophagus. Tail of gravid female conical, with short, F!67 ...... 7!Q= ...... P. (S.) parachannae in Mochokidae (some species of Synodontis) in South M W 9;DM9D< 3! Q QF!67 DM'&USerranochro- Congo ...... P. (S.) daleneae mis) in Botswana ...... P. (S.) serranochromis

;+'*E9+'+ '-'D '+'99''H;+'*+'+ Moravec and Scholz: Fish nematodes in Africa

!$7[!@$ F!67=S. polli [@Q from Alestes dentex (Linnaeus) and Brycinus macrolepi- "?! dotus Valenciennes (both Alestidae, Characiformes) in Q7[@Q ! 7 [ 7 Camallanus, C. cotti 5 'D;* ! VQ 7ƽ[ and C. lacustrisU—'**EX!67 U\;+'-7XN!@ U};++EXQ cies (reported as S. zambezensis) was also recorded from species of Procamallanus, Procamallanus (P.) sp. [report@ Synodontis zambezensis Peters in South Africa (Boomker ed as P. (P.) laeviconchusˆP. (S.) pseudolaeviconchus 'DD&'DD9!$'DD9X!S. ni- \;+'-‡Procamallanus (P.) gromaculatus Boulenger in Botswana (Moravec and Van ˆ!^U;+''X"!@$ ;++9;+'-7XN[S. polli in the Su@ processes were also reported for four species of Procama- dan represents a new geographical record. llanus![!ƽVQ N U } ;+''  Trichinelloidea 'D+* ;+''X7Q7"? minute caudal processes are not well visible in drawings. Capillariidae 6'D'- 7}U;++EX!@ 7!7>!!@ Capillariidae gen. sp. ! -MEQ Host: Auchenoglanis sp. (Siluriformes: Claroteidae). observed in larvae of P. (S.) pseudospiralis of the present Site of infection: Intestine. !DM'''9M'-Q W V ^ " U ;- of P. (P.) pseudolaeviconchus and Procamallanus (P.) sp., ;++E="'+EX 7U;+''X '[H'[>!@ ='! Habronematoidea Q 'D&; F!V Cystidicolidae "$7'D9E Remarks. Only a single gravid female nematode was KQQ[! Spinitectus polli !@6'DE' [ ! !7 N date, only one capillariid nominal species, Capillostron- Syn. Spinitectus zambezensis!$'DD& gyloides fritschiUN'D'9X$Q Q[7![@ Description of female (one ovigerous specimen). Body es Malapterurus electricus (Gmelin), Bagrus bajad (Geof@ -E!!!>!!Q'E& "@KXB. docmakU$ X? 77\U;+'-7X\7@ F! 67 U ;++'X !<*W! !$U'DD9X (s. l.) sp. ' bezensis in South Africa. 9'!V'*'! Dioctophymatoidea !'D'+ 7\9-!!!>! <+`7‘! Dioctophymatidae !'D'+ &EM&D&;9M;*W-* Host: Synodontis schall (Bloch et Schneider) (Siluriformes: Eustrongylides @ Mochokidae). Host: Enteromius humilis (Boulenger) (Cypriniformes: Cypri@ Site of infection: Intestine. nidae). W 6 V ^! " U ;' Site of infection: Body cavity. ;++E="+&;X W W$N F ? U & '[H;[>!@ 9 ;++E= ?N+'' ?N+'< ?N+'D ?N+;+ ?N+;' ='! ?N+;;?N+;&?N+;9X F!"V@'+<' <`U'+ [ H';; [>!X='M-U!;X![ Remarks. The general morphology of the only availa@ F!"V@*E ble female specimen agrees well with the redescription of S. polli7\U;+'-7X=!@ Remarks. The morphology of available specimens over, its host (S. schall) is the type host of this nematode is identical with that reported by Moravec and Van As species. U;+'-XN@Eustrongylides Spinitectus polli was originally described by Cam@ }$'D+D![!x@ @6 U'DE'X ! S. schall in Lake Albert, the 7 [7

;+'*E9+'+ 'E'D '+'99''H;+'*+'+ Moravec and Scholz: Fish nematodes in Africa species by morphological and biometrical features. Adults " 'DD; Philometra '<9- [@@ Philometroides ! 'D&-X M> UCitharin- ing birds. Larvae of Eustrongylides are occasionally found iella ^ 'DE9 Synodontisia Petter, Vassiliadès as the parasites of humans after being ingested along with N 'D*;X N URhabdochona 6@ Q[U?7'D DISCUSSION ;+'*X ? ! Q ! > Q Although the history of studies on nematodes in Afri@ such a short period documents again that the composition Q[7$ [!!7 'D!7@ $QN[! asites in Africa is still little known. The second edition of " ? @> Check list of the helminth parasites of African freshwater 'EUQ [U^'DD*X7$ new for science), represents an important contribution to of milestone in these studies, that provides an inventory of the recognition of these parasites in Africa. nematode species, besides other helminths, recorded from Africa until the end of the last century. Acknowledgements.NR$ƽ W7? F[Q;'! "5$ D5 [!7!! $$$! ! V with the illustrations. The research stays of T. S. in the Sudan in Zimbabwe, were published, mostly oriented to the recog@ ;++E;++<Q77Q@ ![Q! 7—V!!" ![KQ! M!?$U‘^!X^7$@ ! ! [ !! !!M!U V6" [x77@ ^X?;++<Q !Qƾ7 of Abebe Getahun Gubale and Seyoum Mengistou, and Moges >!! QF!"7@ 7[ 7‘?F5FF ¢ W$ ! 6 6 In this period, several important papers dealing with FN$!7@ [ ! 7 7 Q[NQ7 descriptions of 15 new species of the Ascaridoidea (Dujar- "U‚V-+-H';‚'';X7 dinascaris'D9*X!UProcamallanus U6\ME++**&99 'D;&X ! UOrientatractis Petter, BC CAS). 'DEEX F UMexiconema Moravec, Vidal et

REFERENCES

ǃDždžǍ@‚ljǂLJLJǂǓ ǂǔljǂǓ @6 ǃDždžǍ@‚ǂǃdžǓ 6 ǐǓǔǚ ǂǚǍNJǔK'D;&"!!Cucullanus from ^džljǍljǐǓǏKǍ“ǖǓǂNJǔljǚ"ǐljǂǎǎdžDž";+'9 [VVK"D';;&&M;&E Cucullanus egyptaeUV!X ǂǚǍNJǔK'D;&76! ?Anguilla anguilla? !!?'-;9M&< !6''&&9-*M&9E- ǂǚǍNJǔK'D;<"!Q!!![! njNJǏǔǂǏǚǂKǂǔǔǂǏMǕǖǃǂǏNjǐM;++*!@ W$N$VK"D';;&&M;&E ative study of the parasitic helminth fauna of Gymnarchus nilot- ljǂǓǂǕǂWǂnjǔljǎNJ;+++QCucul- icus (Gymnarchidae) and Heterotis niloticus (Osteoglossidae) lanusUV!X![Arius thalassinus ! W$$ W W V $ } " '+ U6X--&M9 9;*M9&; ljǂǓǂǕǂǍǂnjǔljǎNJ"ǖDžljǂ;+++MQ njǓǂǎ 'DD9 " 7Q genus Cucullanus Mueller, 1777 from the intestine of Arius thal- !["$!@ assimus!!U‚X6'* UV!X$$}— ;-M&; ;E'<;M'<- ǐǐǎnjdžǓ}'DD&"Q[\ ǎNJǏM'D*<!!V[@ F Spirocamallanus daleneae UV! ?QCamallanus kirandensis Baylis Camallanidae) from Synodontis zambezensis'<-;U@ 'D;<UV!XBothriocephalus aegyptiacus6" chokidae) with comments on Spirocamallanus spiralis (Baylis, 'D*-UX}E9D&M'+' 'D;&XM}\6E+'&'M'&* ǂǓǔǐǏǗdžǏǂǏǕ@MǍDždžǘǂLjdž;++EV! ǐǐǎnjdžǓ}'DD9"Q[\ of Clarias gariepinusU'<;;X!6F! V!![^V "M}\6*&<*MD9 $M}\6E'&-M9&

;+'*E9+'+ '*'D '+'99''H;+'*+'+ Moravec and Scholz: Fish nematodes in Africa

ǐǐǎnjdžǓ}ǖǚǍǂdžǓǕ'DD9?QSpini- !X7"?-< tectusUV!X!Q[ &' of Multicaecum heterotis\ 'D*D 7x^7U'D-;M'D-9X UV!KXHeterotis 6 "[x>&'ME' niloticus (Osteichthyes: Arapaimidae) in Africa. Folia Parasitol. 5džǓǏǐǕǯnjǐǗǤ ? KǐǓǤnj ǐǓǂǗdžDŽ ;+'' -*;<+M;<< ! ! UV! @ ǐǓǂǗdžDŽ'D*&M!Camallanus longicaudatus sp. !67"X[! !V[Labeo horieK$U\!X6— ""‘6Vx-<'&-M'9< <*'E-M'*& DždžljǂǎǃǓNJdžǓ"DŽljǐǍǛNdžǍdžǕdžǘǂljǎǐǖDž—V ǐǓǂǗdžDŽ'D*9M!!!?Q ;++* 6 Proteocephalus sulcatus (Klaptocz, ["—!&<&;M-' 'D+EXUX$Q ǐǓǂǗdžDŽ;++'NV! Clarotes laticeps U "!X 6 " @\7!9;D —''9ED&M*+; ǐǓǂǗdžDŽ;++D?>!! DždžljǂǎǃǓNJdžǓ"ǪǏdžǂljǎǐǖDž—ǂǓNJǂǖǙ}"DŽljǐǍǛ Contracaecum rudolphii UV! $X T. ;++<Sandonella sandoniUW'DE+X! [-E'<-M'D& !x! ǐǓǂǗdžDŽljǂǓǐ@^ǂǓNJǔǂK}NJǓnjȳ;++D! [Heterotis niloticus}D9;+;M;'' UV!!X![W$N$^ ?ǃdžǓljǂǓDžWKǖǓǘNJǕǛK"ǖǏǐǍdžǕǕǂF'D" ǐǓǂǗdžDŽ }ǖǔǕNJǏdž }@W ;++ECamallanus cottiUV! <+ !X[VQ@ ^ljǂǍNJǍW'D*&"!!!Q[6@ -&;<*M;DE desia with description of a new species Cithariniella petterae n. ǐǓǂǗdžDŽ}ǖǔǕNJǏdž}@W;+''VQ! K!!9<<''M<'< Procamallanus (Procamallanus) annulatus and Procamallanus ^ljǂǍNJǍWǐǍǍNJǏLjW'DD*$WK!@ (Spirocamallanus) monotaxis UV!!X! Q"?‘ ![ƽVQK!9<9'M-+ V7'<- ǐǓǂǗdžDŽ^ǐljǏdžǓǏǂǏDždžǔ'DD&V!@ ^ǐǖǃnjǐǗǤǂǓǖȪ\KǐDžǐǗǤ;+'+V!Citharin- [6;" iellaUX!Q["Q Ascaridoidea, Habronematoidea and Acuarioidea. Folia Parasi@ $K!9*'+-M''9 9+''-M'&9 ^ǐǖǃnjǐǗǤǂǓǖȪ\KǐDžǐǗǤNJǎnjǐǗǤ;++<@ ǐǓǂǗdžDŽ \ǂǏ ǔ }‚ ;++9V!!x$ metric and molecular characteristics of Labeonema synodontisi [Synodontis nigromaculatus and S. vanderwaali from the !7UV!X! [ M$6QQ" 6'+;'+'&M'+;+ -D'EDM'<* ^ǖDŽljǕǂ6ǖǓNJǂǏǐǗǤ}NJǓnjȳDždžljǂǎǃǓNJdžǓMǓǐǔ ǐǓǂǗdžDŽ\ǂǏǔWW;+'-"> ǓǂǃdžDŽ } "DŽljǐǍǛ N ;+'; @ !UV!X![M$ Q!UXQ[ 6QE;+&D of Kirstenella n. gen. and description of Tetracampos martinae ǐǓǂǗdžDŽ\ǂǏǔWW;+'-7"!UV!@ —>&&+D'M&- "X![M$6Q WǫǗǬǒǖdž MǃdžǓDžǐǓLJLJ N ǂǖLjǚ F "ǕNJǂǔǔǏǚ W} Ndž@ "D'''DM'&< DždžǔDŽǐ;++<‚7[UXQ ǐǓǂǗdžDŽ\ǂǏǔWW;+'-Procamallanus (Procamallanus) K7-D--9-M-E* UV!!X[M$6 ǂȪǐǗǤǂǓǖȪ\ǐǓǂǗdžDŽ;+''VQ! Botswana, including the description of P. (P.) pseudolaevicon- [@QProcamallanusUV!@ chus n. sp. parasitic in Clarias spp. (Clariidae) from Botswana ?"D+'&*M'9D

;+'*E9+'+ '<'D '+'99''H;+'*+'+ Moravec and Scholz: Fish nematodes in Africa

ǐǓǂǗdžDŽ \ǂǏ ǔ WW ;+'-Procamallanus (Spirocamal- džǕǕdžǓ @} \ǂǔǔNJǍNJǂDžǪǔ ‚ ǂǓDŽljǂǏDž 'D*D‘@ lanusXUV!!X![M$@ velle espèce de Multicaecum UV!X 6Q P. (S.) serranochromis n. sp. xV9'&;9M&;D parasitic in SerranochromisUX"D+ \ǂǔǔNJǍNJǂDžǪǔ‚'D*&V !Distichodus rostra- '-'M'E9 tus‚U" X@ VDždžǘF?FNJǐǖLJǥNǐǓǂǏDž";+'9Q K!!9<9EDM9*- of Cucullanus UV! X ! džDžǍ^'

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