DOCSLIB.ORG

Ї Fгgўюў0prаgў А Ж° P∙Ё PU· √ HД №Б°БВГF

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Ї Fгgўюў0prаgў А Ж° P∙Ё PU· √ HД №Б°БВГF . 0 ÈÊõ ÇFùñÇ Ï Ï göö24/÷ 27ú û ´üQø ËVø Ë {&þ:ÿsþ¡ £¢¥¤§¦©¨ ¨ ÿ ´7YyT7T7aÝæ_DÝ`Þ[\^_I·lô·ÄÞ{aX&öGßU`Ü\±ZÙY[´uaÞ{aD´<´7YËÝOU`X_Kðz_D\ ïW_Í]WYË_bÜ`´7ayïW\^X}_D]_DX2YyÝ ZÙY˶ ê¯P7ß:ÿ>]`Y O °^_b´7ÚUW´<_ ²xÞ{YyÝ ZÙ´<_D]_KYyX¿xê µ ß:ÿàê °^_?ßYËÞ[_b´<_DÞ{ZÙY[´\$y_D]`_ÖÜãaD´uU`X ´7Y[Ú\^X2Yé]WY aD´7V\±Z7_DT÷Ú\±´<\~ÝWaß _ba ´7Yy]WaD´u]WaToÜãaÝ ZÙaTS¡Û_bÚD´<_DÝ`ÚDYy_DÝWaT¡ YV¡ ]`YóöGßU`Ü\±ZÙY[´y²¥Z7_D°xíUWY»a _DÝWÚU`°^aæ ´7YyT7T7aÝ`_DÝ ZÙY î ï M ?:CADCæ EkH=E+Fá°^\±V´<_2YyXZÙaD´<ÝWau]WY¢kb¶ ²C´7YyT7ÜrYyÞ{Z7\^äj_DX2YyÝOZÙYDêxÿ:T7TÙa Þ[\^_D]`_÷_}YyT7Z7_o´<YyT7TÙaÝæ_DÝ`Þ[\~_ ® Y{ï \^T7ZÙYUX}_ÜraDÜCU`°^_råÞ _ba2]WYX}_D\^TG]WY¢kb¶D¶}_DTÙZÙY[´Cßa\^]WYyTSíUWY´7YyÞ{Y[VãYa)Ý`aX2Ye]WYþÛ´<a\^_DÝWaT[²WTÙYyÝ`]`a íOUWYxÞ{Y[´<Þ[_)]WYlkb¶ì ]WYy°±YyTaD´7V\±Z7_eYyX ZÙaD´<Ý`a]WYl¡ ²YyÝ`íOU_DÝ ZÙaíOUWYEP¶ì aáðz_LxYyX ZÙaD´<ÝWa]WYE¡ ê î ï ­ ÿ6YyTÙZ7_bV\^°~\^]`_D]WY_ó°±aÝWÚDaóÜ`´<_L[aé]WaT)þ´7a\^_DÝWaTàZÙYyX T7\^]Wa»YyTÙZ7U`]`_D]`_ìÜãaD´d¡ÛY[ä\^T7aÝ9² úWaY{î ­ ® vzv]w X}_LDY[´Y úWaYyX}_LDY[´oøg· ü²MíOU`Y)X}aTÙZÙ´<_b´<_DX4íUWY)YyTÙZÙYyTá_DT7ZÙY[´ßa\^]WYyTT _baõYyT7Z`ß_bäDYy\^Te_baì°±aÝ`ÚDa ­ ­ ]`_Ä\^]`_D]`Y»]Wa \^TÙZÙYyX}_ a°^_b´yê ³T÷þ´7a\^_DÝWaToTÙY[´<\^_DXÒaDV çÙY[ZÙaToÜ´<\^X2aD´<]\^_D\^T)Ý`_Ä´<YyT7TÙaÝæ_DÝ`Þ[\~_ ` ® ·lô·b²rÜ´7aläb_yäDYy°^X}YyÝ ZÙY}Þ[_bÜ`Z7U`´<_D]WaT_D\^Ý`]`_o]`UW´<_DÝOZÙYà_DT:Y[Z7_bÜ_DT Ý`_D\^T¼]_ðñaD´<X}_råÞ _baõ]WauöGßUWÜ\^ZÙY[´ ­ ­ ® vzv ø»Uì_b´ty_b´\Y ÞúWa°^°¥· yüê \^XU`°^_råÞ aDYyT:ÝOUXKßY[´<\^Þ[_DT:Z7_DXáVGßYyX X2aTÙZÙ´<_DXíUWYàYyT7ZÙYyT_DTÙZÙY[´ßa\^]WYyT ® vzv]w ZÙY[´<\^_DX4TÙaDðñ´<\^]WaõU`X_uY[äDa°^UMåÞ _baìÞ{a°^\~T7\±aÝ`_D°M\^X2ÜãaD´7Z7_DÝOZÙYìø»U»_b´ty_b´<\Y[Zá_D°mêu· ü²íUWY}]WY[äDY[´<\~_ vzv TÙYeX}_DÝ`\±ðñYyTÙZ7_b´¼Ý_)Y{ï \^T7Z{æYyÝÞ[\^_}]WYðz_DX ß °^\~_DTeø»Uì\^°~_DÝ`\· ýüê Ø YyT7ZÙY)Þ[_bÜß Z7U`°±au_bÜ`´7YyTÙYyÝOZ7_DX2aTaT´<YyT7U`°±Z7_D]WaT:]WY2]Wa\^TxZÙ´<_bV_D°~úWaTTÙaDV`´7Y2_u]`\^Ýæ_DX\^Þ[_]WaT Ø þÛ´7a\~_DÝWaT[ê aFÜ´<\^X2Yy\±´<aÍ]`YyTÙYyÝ äDa°^äDYyX2aT»UX&X2a ]WYy°±aFTÙYyX\ î_DÝ`_D°mß Z7\~Þ{aÖÜ_b´<_ÖaÀYyTÙZ7U`]WaF]_ ]`\^Ýæ_DX}\~Þ[_Ë_Ä°±aÝWÚDaKÜ`´<_L[aK]_Ë´7YyT7TÙaÝQæ_DÝ`Þ[\^_ù·lô·bê©ÿTÙY[ÚU\±´y²GYyTÙZÙY»X}a]WYy°^a Y»_bÜ°~\^Þ[_D]WaÄÜ_b´_ß ]WY[ZÙY[´<X}\^Ý_b´+Yy°±YyX2YyÝOZÙaT¥Ü`´ßaDÜ`´<\^aT+]WaTþ´7a\^_DÝ`aT´7Yy_D\~T+Y¼Ü´7aÞ[U`´<_b´ÜãaD´ðz_DX ß °~\^_DT+]WY¼_DT7ZÙY[´ßa\^]WYyT[² Ø íOUWYuÜãY[´<X}\^Z7\±´<\^_DXõ²MY[äDYyÝOZ7U`_D°^X2YyÝOZÙYD²G´7YyÞ{aÝ`TÙZÙ´U`\±´2_Ëú`\^TÙZ`ßaD´\^_éÞ{a°^\^T7\±aÝ_D°]WYyT7ZÙYyT}aDV çÙY[ZÙaT[ê a ® TÙY[ÚU`Ý`]WaõZÙ´_bV_D°^úWaW²M_ ]`\^ÝQæ_DX}\^Þ[_õ]`_õ´<YyT7TÙaÝæ_DÝ`Þ[\~_Ä·lô·ÖßY÷]`\^T7Þ[UWZ7\~]`_uÝWaÆæ_DXàV\±ZÙa»]_ X}\±ÚD´<_råÞ _ba ý · ·sÓDÔ Ó Ó Ô Y X Y X ¹ [Zt]× ºKZ_¸ ¸¡Ú ÖhÖÚ(Z"!$# ¬¹»º Õ ¼ ¼ ÜC°^_DÝWY[Z`ß_b´<\^_ ²x_DÝ`_D°^\^T7_DÝ]Wa Þ{aX2aÖYyTÙZÙYéðñYyÝæaX2YyÝWaÆÜãa]`Y»_bðñY[Z7_b´ _KYyT7Z7_bV\^°^\^]_D]WYì]WaTuþ´7a\^_DÝWaT ® ´<Yy_D\^T[²WYáÞ{aX2ao\^TÙZÙa2Üãa]`YT7Y[´xUWZ7\^°~\$y_D]WaÜ_b´<_}Þ{a°±a Þ[_b´x°~\^X}\±ZÙYyT¢a_2Ü`´CßaDÜ`´<\^_X}\±ÚD´<_råÞ _baWê {èþ¬ýÅþZ\æ¨ ) ¨'e)+æ. ¢ , ¤§. ¨ 9 :9 Ø aT7TÙaËX2a ]WYy°±aóTÙYyX}\ î_DÝ_D°mß Z7\^Þ{aóÜ_b´<_ó]WYyT7Þ{´7Y[äDY[´}_ó]`\^ÝQæ_DX}\^Þ[_ì_é°±aÝ`ÚDa»Ü`´_L[aé]`aT_DT7ZÙY[´ßa\^]WYyT ® ® þ´7a\^_DÝ`aTxVC_DTÙYy\^_jîTÙY)YyXZÙ´yæYyTe_bÜ`´<ayïW\^X}_råÞ aDYyT[ò2øz\üx_uUWZ7\^°^\$y_råÞ _bau]WY)äb_b´<\yß_bäDYy\^T°±a Þ[_D\^T[²9íUWY)ÜrY[´7î ® ® X\±ZÙYyX4ZÙ´<_DÝ`T7ðaD´<X_b´á_ °^\±V´<_råÞ _ba ]WaKæ_DÝWÚU`°^aõ´7YyT7TÙaÝ`_DÝOZÙYk? ÝOUX}_õÞ[\±´<Þ[U`°~_råÞ _baW²Ûðz_DÞ[\^°^\±Z7_DÝ`]`a CADC ® v _DT<T7\^X©_x_bÜ°^\^Þ[_råÞ _ba]WY¥U`X©XÆßY[ZÙa ]WaÜãY[´7Z7UW´7V_bZ7\^äDa/Þ[°yß_DT7T7\^Þ{a)øzXKßY[ZÙa]`a]`YûxaD´<\CøzûxaD´<\r· kzküÙüDâãøz\^\ñü ® ® _ìÞ{aÝ`TÙZÙ´<UMåÞ _baó]WYU`X ]WYyTÙYyÝOäDa°±ä\~X2YyÝ ZÙa»_DT7T7\^XÆßY[ZÙ´<\~Þ{aì]`_õðzU`ÝMåÞ _ba ÜãY[´7Z7U`´7V_D]WaD´<_÷Ü_b´_õ´7Y[Ü`´7Y{î ® T7YyÝ Z7_b´+aX2a ä\~X2YyÝ ZÙae]_DT2ßaD´7V\±Z7_DTMÚ\±´\^ÝWaxÝ_x´<YyT7TÙaÝæ_DÝ`Þ[\~_·lô·Lâ9øz\^\^\ñü-_Þ{aXàV\^Ý`_råÞ _bae]WaeXÆßY[ZÙa ]Wa ÜãY[´7Z7U`´7V_bZ7\±äDa)Þ{aX _)ZÙY[aD´<\~_2]WaTS\^ÝOäj_b´<\~_DÝ ZÙYyTS_D]`\~_bV¼ß_bZ7\^Þ{aT[²`UWZ7\~°^\$y_DÝ`]Waàa2ðñ_bZÙao]WYíOUWYaT¼]`\±ðñY{î ® ´<YyÝ ZÙYyT¼ÚD´<_DU`T¼]`Yá°^\±VãY[´<]`_D]`Y]`a2Ü`´7aDV°±YyX_)YyTÙZ _baoVãYyXT7Y[Ü_b´<_D]WaTxÝWa}YyTÙÜ_råÞ{a÷]`_DT/ðñ´7Yyí¦¥UãæYyÝ`Þ[\^_DT Ü´ßaDÜ`´<\^_DTyêMÿÇTÙY[ÚU`\^´y²`_DÝ`_D°^\^T<_DX2aTSÞ{aX X}_D\~T/]WY[Z7_D°^úWYeÞ[_D]_}U`X}_2]WYy°~_DT[ê "!$#&%&')(*#,+¢-/.012#,+ ³>Ü´<\^Ý`Þ[\±ÜC_D°¼Ü`´<aDV°±YyX}_ÍÝWaÖZÙ´<_bZ7_DX}YyÝ ZÙaI]WYéÜ`´7aDV°±YyX_DTu´7YyT7TÙaÝ`_DÝOZÙYyTì_bZÙ´_yä+ßYyTó]WYÄXÆßY[ZÙa ]WaT ÜãY[´7Z7U`´7V_bZ7\±äDaTußY)íUWYáaÄæ_DÝWÚU`°±a´7YyT7TÙaÝ`_DÝOZÙYõøzÝWa÷Þ[_DT7aß? üGÜãaT7T7U`\ÛU`X}_}ðñ´7Yyí¦¥UãæYyÝ`Þ[\^_oÜ`´ßaDÜ`´\^_ CADC ® XU`\±ZÙa»Ü`´ßabïW\^X}_ ]`Yp[Y[´7aWê TÙZÙa»ðz_Lu_bÜ_b´7YyÞ{Y[´)aTÜrYyíUWYyÝWaTà]`\±ä \^TÙaD´7YyTàÝ`_ìT7a°^UMåÞ _baóÜraD´TOßY[´<\±Y ® ]`aËÜ`´7aDV°±YyX_ ²+aÄíOU`YõZÙaD´<Ý`_éaÄXÆßY[ZÙa ]Wa ÜãY[´7Z7UW´<V_bZ7\±äDaËÝ _babîÞ{aÝOäDY[´7ÚDYyÝ ZÙYDêI¯M_b´<_ËY[ä \±Z7_b´}YyTÙZÙY ® Ü´7aDV°±YyX}_ ²eßY÷Ý`YyÞ{YyT7T`ß_b´<\±a»YyÝ Z _baóZÙ´<_DÝ`T7ðaD´<X_b´áaÍæ_DÝ`ÚU`°±aì´<YyT7TÙaÝ`_DÝOZÙYoÝU`X Ý`aläDaùæ_DÝWÚU`°±aóÞ[UjçÙ_ ðñ´7Yyí¦¥UãæYyÝ`Þ[\^_àTÙYçÙ_]`\±ðñY[´7YyÝOZÙY¼]WYE[Y[´7aWêÿ X2a ]Waà]`Y/Y{ïYyX}Ü°±aW²äj_DX2aTGÞ{aÝ`T<\^]WY[´<_b´aáÜ`´7aDVC°±YyX}_e]WY ZÙ´yæYyTÞ{aD´<ÜraT:´7YyT7ZÙ´<\±ZÙa÷Yy°mß Ü`Z7\^Þ{aoÜ°^_DÝ`_b´XÆßYy]`\±aWêá³ Ü`´7aDVC°±YyX}_}ZÙYyX4]`a\^T¼ÚD´_DU`T]WY°~\±VãY[´<]`_D]WYYD² Ý`a2ZÙ´<_bZ7_DX2YyÝOZÙaoÜãY[´7Z7UW´<V_bZ7\±äDa2U`T7U`_D°m² _ûx_DX}\~°±ZÙaÝ`\^_DÝ`_ YàT7Y[Ü_b´<_D]`_2Ý`_)ðñaD´<X}_ß C @ C @ C @ C C C @ C @ ìÆø43 f*3 f65 f65 üæ_ì87Dø43 f*3 f65 ü3¯:9»ì ø43 f*3 f65 f65 ü øGPWê^·lü T7YyÝ`]Wa;9:< ·óU`XÒÜrYyíUWYyÝWaKÜ_b´jæ_DX2Y[ZÙ´<aÆíUWY»]`Y[ÜrYyÝ]WYì]`_KY{ï Þ{YyÝOZÙ´<\^Þ[\~]`_D]WY»]`aKÞ{aD´7ÜãaÆÜrY[´7î O Z7U`´7V_D]WaD´y²QY=3)>8f65?>Säj_b´\yß_bäDYy\^TÞ{aÝjçÙU`Ú_D]`_DT[ê X aUWZÙ´_DTàÜC_D°^_yä´<_DT[² ì87}Þ{aD´<´7YyTÙÜãaÝ`]WYna_»Ü_b´7ZÙY C Þ[\^´<Þ[U`°^_b´2]WaéÜ`´7aDVC°±YyX}_»Yðì _éÜC_b´7ZÙYõYy°mßa Ü`Z7\~Þ[_ êKÿ û:_DX}\^°^ZÙaÝ`\^_DÝ`_äì87÷ÜãaT7T7U`\¥U`X ÚD´<_DUÖ]WY ` O C °~\±VãY[´<]`_D]WYD²ÜãaD´7Z7_DÝ ZÙaÖßYá\^ÝOZÙY[ÚD´ß_bäDYy°ê °^_2]WY Ý`Ye_2ZÙaDÜãa°±aDÚ\^_2V¼ß_DT<\^Þ[_2]`_2´7YyT<TÙaÝæ_DÝ`Þ[\^_ ²WaÝ]WY@5 7 7 7 ® YU`X4æß _DÝWÚU`°±aíOUWY:°^\±V`´_ êÿ:T7T7\^Xõ²]`_D]`_DT¥Þ{aÝ`]`\gåÞ aDYyT¥\^Ý`\~Þ[\^_D\^TA3 f*3 f65 ²OÜ´7aÞ{Yy]`Y{îTÙYx__DÞ<ú`_b´S_DT C @ C 7 ® C C @ C 7 äb_b´<\yß_bäDYy\~T/_råÞ _baY÷æ_DÝ`ÚU`°±a 3 f 5 f 3 æB3 ]WYïì ²]`YeðaD´X}_2íOU`Yá_bÚDaD´<_ 5 YàU`X>æß _DÝWÚU`°^a}íOUWY @ ýDµ Ó Ó Y tz× ]×àSà!FZ ºK[ZKº!mDC ¸ [ ¹w¬Ú(Z ½ Õ ® O Þ[\±´<Þ[U`°^_2Þ{aX ðñ´7Yyí¦¥UãæYyÝ`Þ[\^_Þ{aÝTÙZ7_DÝ ZÙY2]`\^ðY[´7YyÝOZÙYá]WYÑ[Y[´7aWê TÙZ7_DT:äj_b´<\lß_bäDYy\^T¼T _bau°±aDÚDau\^ÝOZÙ´7a]Uy\ î C C ]`_DT:YyX ì ²9ðñ_L[YyÝ`]`abîTÙY2_÷T7Y[ÚU`\±´U`X}_uXÆßYy]`\^_uTÙaDV´7Y 5 ²-]`YàðñaD´<X}_u_÷Yy°^\^X}\~Ý`_b´xU`X ÚD´<_DUË]`Y ` vzv C @ @ °^\±VãY[´<]`_D]WY¥Y Þ[_b´Þ{aX¬U`X}_eû:_DX}\^°±ZÙaÝ\^_DÝ`_ ìÍø 3 f 3 f 5 ü+íOUWYußY\^ÝOZÙY[ÚD´ß_bäDYy°øzûxYyÝW´<_b´]ì· ¶ üê ® ÿ ]WYyTÙäb_DÝOZ7_bÚDYyX ]WYyTÙZÙYXKßY[ZÙa]Wa2YyT7Z`ß_àÝWaðz_bZÙa)]`YxZÙY[´SíUWY:]`Y[ZÙY[´<X}\^Ý`_b´¥_DT¥äj_b´<\lß_bäDYy\^TG_råÞ _baY ® _DÝWÚU`°±aá]`Yæ mì87/Ü_b´<_áÞ[_D]_Þ{aÝ]`\gåÞ _baà\~Ý`\^Þ[\^_D°² aíUWYxÞ{aÝTÙaX2YXàU`\^ZÙaáZÙYyX2Üãaà]`Y:Þ9ß_D°^Þ[U°±aWêÿx°qßYyX ® CGF C C ]`\^T7TÙaW²WÝ`_}Ü_DT7T7_bÚDYyXE5 5 ÜrY[´]WY{îTÙYeíU`_D°^íUWY[´/\^ÝWðñaD´<X}_råÞ _baT7aDV`´7Ye_}ðz_DTÙYá]`YH5 ²`aíUWYá\~Ý î ® ® O C C ZÙ´7a]U¥Þ{aX}Ü°^\^Þ[_råÞ aDYyTÝ`_úWaD´_:]`Y¥\^ÝOäDY[´7ZÙY[´+_TÙa°~UMåÞ _baÜ_b´<_:aDV`ZÙY[´A3 ø,I7üDf65 ø,I7üê X ÝWaT7TÙaZÙ´<_jî ® V_D°^úWaW²b_bÜ`´7YyTÙYyÝOZ7_DX2aTMU`X}_x_bÜ`´7alï \^X_råÞ _ba:]`\^ðY[´7YyÝOZÙY_ba:Ü`´7aDVC°±YyX}_ ²jaÝ`]WYYyT7ZÙYyTQ\~Ý`Þ{aÝ äDYyÝ\±YyÝ ZÙYyT ® ® ® T _baõ´7YyTÙa°±ä \^]WaTT7U`VTÙZ7\±Z7U`\~Ý`]Waa Þ9ß_D°~Þ[U`°±aõ]WY2äb_b´<\yß_bäDYy\^T_råÞ _ba Y»æ_DÝ`ÚU`°±aõÜãYy°^_oZÙ´<_DÝ`TÙðñaD´<X}_råÞ _baì_ äj_b´<\lß_bäDYy\^TS°±a Þ[_D\^T[²`Þ{aX2aoY{ïÜ°~\^Þ[_DX2aTS_}TÙY[ÚU\±´yê ® C 7 ÿ]`\^ÝQæ_DX}\^Þ[_ó]WYßì Y ß Þ[_b´<_bZÙY[´<\y_D]`_éÜãYy°^_»°~\±V`´<_råÞ _baé]WYJ5 YyX ZÙaD´<ÝWaË]WYJ5?K{êU»_D\^T)Ü`´<Y{î ® C C C C Þ[\^T7_DX2YyÝOZÙYD²C\^ÝOZÙ´7a ]`Uy\^Ý]Wa2_DT¼äb_b´<\yß_bäDYy\^TML ¯ON4P æRQ µ"3 Y{ïÜÛø,N/5 ü²ã_}°^\±V`´_råÞ _ba_DÞ{aÝ ZÙYyÞ{Y2YyX ® ZÙaD´<ÝWaì]WaìÜraÝOZÙaSL ¯TNUP êuÿxT<T7\^Xõ²Q_ \^]¥ßYy\^_õÜãaD´eZÙ´Cß_DTà]`_ ZÙ´<_DÝ`TÙðñaD´<X}_råÞ _baó_ äb_b´<\yß_bäDYy\^Tà°±aÞ[_D\~T K K Þ{aÝ`T7\^TÙZÙYYyXðñ_L[Y[´:U`X}_)ZÙ´<_DÝ`T7ðY[´yæYyÝ`Þ[\~_ ò C C C C L ¯;N P æ?øVL HWL ü3¯ONøVP HWP ü øGPWê µü K K ® C ]WY2ðaD´X}_ íUWY}aìÝWa äDaÖæ_DÝ`ÚU`°±a 5 Ý _ba»X}_D\^Te°^\^V`´<_÷YyX ZÙaD´<Ý`a»]WYX5 ²X}_DTàÞ[\±´<Þ[U`°~_uYyX ZÙaD´<ÝWa K ® ]WYuø L f P üæøz¶gf7¶ üê T7ZÙaFßY)ðñYy\±ZÙaõX2Yy]`\^_DÝOZÙY2U`X}_oZÙ´<_DÝ`TÙðñaD´<X}_råÞ _baõÞ[_DÝæaÝ`\~Þ[_ ²-íOUWY)ÚDY[´<_uU`X_ K K C @ C @ C @ ìÆø 3 f 3 f 5 f 5 ü²WaÝ]WYaTáæ_DÝWÚU`°±aT 5 f 5 Þ[\±´<Þ[U°^_DX YZ[æYyX ð´7Yyí¥U9æYyÝ`Þ[\^_DT ÝWaläb_2ûx_DX\^°±ZÙaÝ`\^_DÝ_ Ü`´ßaDÜ`´<\~_DT]\±ðY[´<YyÝ ZÙYyT2]WYQ[Y[´<aWêù¯aD´<Z7_DÝ ZÙaW²SaËÜ`´<aDV°±YyX}_é]WaT2ÜãYyíUWYyÝWaT2]`\^ä\^T7aD´7YyT)Ý`_DT2TOßY[´<\±YyT ® ÜrY[´<Z7UW´7V_bZ7\±äb_DT÷]WYyT7_bÜ_b´7YyÞ{YDê ÿ äb_DÝ Z7_bÚDYyX%]`_ÆZÙ´<_DÝ`TÙðñaD´<X}_råÞ _ba øGPWê µüFßYÄíUWY©ßYÄXU`\±ZÙaÍX}_D\^T ® T7\^X2Ü°^YyT/YZÙ´<_DÝ`TÙÜ_b´<YyÝ ZÙY2íUWYàaõÞ9ß_D°^Þ[U°±ao]WYäb_b´<\yß_bäDYy\^T_råÞ _baKæ_DÝWÚU`°^aoYD²-_D°qßYyX4]`\~T7TÙaW²ãT`ßao´<YyíOUWY[´ ® ® ® íOUWYeT7Yá]WY[ZÙY[´<X}\~ÝWYyX aT/äb_D°±aD´7YyTH3 f65 ]WaÞ{YyÝOZÙ´7ao]WYà°^\±V`´<_råÞ _baW²CíOUWYeÝ _baoT _ba}aU`ZÙ´<_Þ{a\^T<_}íOU`Y K K 7 aTSÜãaÝ ZÙaTx]WYYyíOU\^°mß V`´\±aà]`_2û:_DX}\^°^ZÙaÝ`\^_DÝ`_cì ê Y&Z&¥[\(*+1(*]^'_.)-`'_#ab(*]^cd.J"+$+e#,af%()c4!e#/0?.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Solar System Tests of the Equivalence Principle and Constraints on Higher-Dimensional Gravity
    Solar system tests of the equivalence principle and constraints on higher-dimensional gravity J. M. Overduin Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, ON, Canada N2L 3G1 and Gravity Probe B, Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Stanford University, California (July 21, 2000) the theory, ξ and αk refer to possible preferred-location In most studies of equivalence principle violation by solar and preferred-frame effects, and the ζk allow for possible system bodies, it is assumed that the ratio of gravitational to violations of momentum conservation (see [1] for discus- inertial mass for a given body deviates from unity by a param- sion). One has η = 0 in standard general relativity, where eter ∆ which is proportional to its gravitational self-energy. γ = β = 1. In 4D scalar-tensor theories, by contrast, Here we inquire what experimental constraints can be set on γ =(1+ω)/(2 + ω)andβ =1+ω /[2(2 + ω)(3 + 2ω)2], ∆ for various solar system objects when this assumption is re- 0 laxed. Extending an analysis originally due to Nordtvedt, we where ω = ω(φ) is the generalized Brans-Dicke parame- obtain upper limits on linearly independent combinations of ter and ω0 = dω/dφ. ∆ for two or more bodies from Kepler’s third law, the position The relative gravitational self-energy U can be cal- of Lagrange libration points, and the phenomenon of orbital culated for most objects in the solar system, subject polarization. Combining our results, we extract numerical to uncertainties in their mass density profiles. Thus, 5 upper bounds on ∆ for the Sun, Moon, Earth and Jupiter, for example, US 10− for the Sun, while Jupiter 8 ∼− using observational data on their orbits as well as those of the has UJ 10− [3].
    [Show full text]
  • The Politics of Roman Memory in the Age of Justinian DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the D
    The Politics of Roman Memory in the Age of Justinian DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Marion Woodrow Kruse, III Graduate Program in Greek and Latin The Ohio State University 2015 Dissertation Committee: Anthony Kaldellis, Advisor; Benjamin Acosta-Hughes; Nathan Rosenstein Copyright by Marion Woodrow Kruse, III 2015 ABSTRACT This dissertation explores the use of Roman historical memory from the late fifth century through the middle of the sixth century AD. The collapse of Roman government in the western Roman empire in the late fifth century inspired a crisis of identity and political messaging in the eastern Roman empire of the same period. I argue that the Romans of the eastern empire, in particular those who lived in Constantinople and worked in or around the imperial administration, responded to the challenge posed by the loss of Rome by rewriting the history of the Roman empire. The new historical narratives that arose during this period were initially concerned with Roman identity and fixated on urban space (in particular the cities of Rome and Constantinople) and Roman mythistory. By the sixth century, however, the debate over Roman history had begun to infuse all levels of Roman political discourse and became a major component of the emperor Justinian’s imperial messaging and propaganda, especially in his Novels. The imperial history proposed by the Novels was aggressivley challenged by other writers of the period, creating a clear historical and political conflict over the role and import of Roman history as a model or justification for Roman politics in the sixth century.
    [Show full text]
  • Thermal-IR Spectral Analysis of Jupiter's Trojan Asteroids
    50th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference 2019 (LPI Contrib. No. 2132) 1238.pdf THERMAL-IR SPECTRAL ANALYSIS OF JUPITER’S TROJAN ASTEROIDS: DETECTING SILICATES. A. C. Martin1, J. P. Emery1, S. S. Lindsay2, 1The University of Tennessee Earth and Planetary Science Department, 1621 Cumberland Avenue, 602 Strong Hall, Knoxville TN, 37996, 2The University of Tennessee, De- partment of Physics, 1408 Circle Drive, Knoxville TN, 37996.. Introduction: Jupiter’s Trojan asteroids (hereafter (e.g., [11],[8]). Had Trojans and JFCs formed in the Trojans) populate Jupiter’s L4 and L5 Lagrange points. same region, Trojans should have fine-grained silicates The L4 and L5 points are dynamically stable over the in primarily amorphous phases. lifetime of the Solar System, and, therefore, Trojans Analysis of TIR spectra by [12] shows that the sur- could have resided in the L4 and L5 regions for nearly faces of three Trojans (624 Hektor, 1172 Aneas, and 911 4.5 Gyr [1]. However, it is still uncertain where the Tro- Agamemnon) have emissivity features similar to fine- jans formed and when they were captured. Asteroid or- grained silicates in comet comae. The TIR wavelength igins provide an effective means of constraining the region is beneficial for silicate mineralogy detection be- events that dynamically shaped the solar system. Tro- cause it contains fundamental Si-O molecular vibrations jans may help in determining the extent of radial mixing (stretching at 9 –12 µm and bending at 14 – 25 µm; that occurred during giant planet migration. [13]). Comets produce optically thin comae that result Trojans are thought to have formed in one of two in strong 10-µm emission features when comprised of locations: (1) in their current position (~5.2 AU), or (2) fine-grained (≤10 to 20 µm) dispersed silicates.
    [Show full text]
  • Occultation Newsletter Volume 8, Number 4
    Volume 12, Number 1 January 2005 $5.00 North Am./$6.25 Other International Occultation Timing Association, Inc. (IOTA) In this Issue Article Page The Largest Members Of Our Solar System – 2005 . 4 Resources Page What to Send to Whom . 3 Membership and Subscription Information . 3 IOTA Publications. 3 The Offices and Officers of IOTA . .11 IOTA European Section (IOTA/ES) . .11 IOTA on the World Wide Web. Back Cover ON THE COVER: Steve Preston posted a prediction for the occultation of a 10.8-magnitude star in Orion, about 3° from Betelgeuse, by the asteroid (238) Hypatia, which had an expected diameter of 148 km. The predicted path passed over the San Francisco Bay area, and that turned out to be quite accurate, with only a small shift towards the north, enough to leave Richard Nolthenius, observing visually from the coast northwest of Santa Cruz, to have a miss. But farther north, three other observers video recorded the occultation from their homes, and they were fortuitously located to define three well- spaced chords across the asteroid to accurately measure its shape and location relative to the star, as shown in the figure. The dashed lines show the axes of the fitted ellipse, produced by Dave Herald’s WinOccult program. This demonstrates the good results that can be obtained by a few dedicated observers with a relatively faint star; a bright star and/or many observers are not always necessary to obtain solid useful observations. – David Dunham Publication Date for this issue: July 2005 Please note: The date shown on the cover is for subscription purposes only and does not reflect the actual publication date.
    [Show full text]
  • On the Accuracy of Restricted Three-Body Models for the Trojan Motion
    DISCRETE AND CONTINUOUS Website: http://AIMsciences.org DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS Volume 11, Number 4, December 2004 pp. 843{854 ON THE ACCURACY OF RESTRICTED THREE-BODY MODELS FOR THE TROJAN MOTION Frederic Gabern1, Angel` Jorba1 and Philippe Robutel2 Departament de Matem`aticaAplicada i An`alisi Universitat de Barcelona Gran Via 585, 08007 Barcelona, Spain1 Astronomie et Syst`emesDynamiques IMCCE-Observatoire de Paris 77 Av. Denfert-Rochereau, 75014 Paris, France2 Abstract. In this note we compare the frequencies of the motion of the Trojan asteroids in the Restricted Three-Body Problem (RTBP), the Elliptic Restricted Three-Body Problem (ERTBP) and the Outer Solar System (OSS) model. The RTBP and ERTBP are well-known academic models for the motion of these asteroids, and the OSS is the standard model used for realistic simulations. Our results are based on a systematic frequency analysis of the motion of these asteroids. The main conclusion is that both the RTBP and ERTBP are not very accurate models for the long-term dynamics, although the level of accuracy strongly depends on the selected asteroid. 1. Introduction. The Restricted Three-Body Problem models the motion of a particle under the gravitational attraction of two point masses following a (Keple- rian) solution of the two-body problem (a general reference is [17]). The goal of this note is to discuss the degree of accuracy of such a model to study the real motion of an asteroid moving near the Lagrangian points of the Sun-Jupiter system. To this end, we have considered two restricted three-body problems, namely: i) the Circular RTBP, in which Sun and Jupiter describe a circular orbit around their centre of mass, and ii) the Elliptic RTBP, in which Sun and Jupiter move on an elliptic orbit.
    [Show full text]
  • Comparison of the Physical Properties of the L4 and L5 Trojan Asteroids from ATLAS Data
    Draft version January 13, 2021 Typeset using LATEX default style in AASTeX62 Comparison of the physical properties of the L4 and L5 Trojan asteroids from ATLAS data A. McNeill,1 N. Erasmus,2 D.E. Trilling,1, 2 J.P. Emery,1 J. L. Tonry,3 L. Denneau,3 H. Flewelling,3 A. Heinze,3 B. Stalder,4 and H.J. Weiland3 1Department of Astronomy and Planetary Science, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA 2South African Astronomical Observatory, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa. 3Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 9682, USA. 4Vera C. Rubin Observatory Project Office, 950 N. Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ, USA ABSTRACT Jupiter has nearly 8000 known co-orbital asteroids orbiting in the L4 and L5 Lagrange points called Jupiter Trojan asteroids. Aside from the greater number density of the L4 cloud the two clouds are in many ways considered to be identical. Using sparse photometric data taken by the Asteroid Terrestrial-impact Last Alert System (ATLAS) for 863 L4 Trojans and 380 L5 Trojans we derive the shape distribution for each of the clouds and find that, on average, the L4 asteroids are more elongated than the L5 asteroids. This shape difference is most likely due to the greater collision rate in the L4 cloud that results from its larger population. We additionally present the phase functions and c − o colours of 266 objects. Keywords: Jupiter trojans | multi-color photometry | sky surveys 1. INTRODUCTION Jupiter Trojans are minor planets that orbit 60 degrees ahead of (L4) and behind (L5) Jupiter in the 1:1 resonant Lagrange points.
    [Show full text]
  • Astrocladistics of the Jovian Trojan Swarms
    MNRAS 000,1–26 (2020) Preprint 23 March 2021 Compiled using MNRAS LATEX style file v3.0 Astrocladistics of the Jovian Trojan Swarms Timothy R. Holt,1,2¢ Jonathan Horner,1 David Nesvorný,2 Rachel King,1 Marcel Popescu,3 Brad D. Carter,1 and Christopher C. E. Tylor,1 1Centre for Astrophysics, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia 2Department of Space Studies, Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO. USA. 3Astronomical Institute of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania. Accepted XXX. Received YYY; in original form ZZZ ABSTRACT The Jovian Trojans are two swarms of small objects that share Jupiter’s orbit, clustered around the leading and trailing Lagrange points, L4 and L5. In this work, we investigate the Jovian Trojan population using the technique of astrocladistics, an adaptation of the ‘tree of life’ approach used in biology. We combine colour data from WISE, SDSS, Gaia DR2 and MOVIS surveys with knowledge of the physical and orbital characteristics of the Trojans, to generate a classification tree composed of clans with distinctive characteristics. We identify 48 clans, indicating groups of objects that possibly share a common origin. Amongst these are several that contain members of the known collisional families, though our work identifies subtleties in that classification that bear future investigation. Our clans are often broken into subclans, and most can be grouped into 10 superclans, reflecting the hierarchical nature of the population. Outcomes from this project include the identification of several high priority objects for additional observations and as well as providing context for the objects to be visited by the forthcoming Lucy mission.
    [Show full text]
  • Perceptions of the Ancient Jews As a Nation in the Greek and Roman Worlds
    Perceptions of the Ancient Jews as a Nation in the Greek and Roman Worlds By Keaton Arksey A Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies of The University of Manitoba In partial fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of MASTER OF ARTS Department of Classics University of Manitoba Winnipeg Copyright © 2016 by Keaton Arksey Abstract The question of what made one Jewish in the ancient world remains a fraught topic for scholars. The current communis opinio is that Jewish communities had more in common with the Greeks and Romans than previously thought. Throughout the Diaspora, Jewish communities struggled with how to live amongst their Greco-Roman majority while continuing to practise their faith and thereby remain identifiably ‘Jewish’. To describe a unified Jewish identity in the Mediterranean in the period between 200 BCE and 200 CE is incorrect, since each Jewish community approached its identity in unique ways. These varied on the basis of time, place, and how the non-Jewish population reacted to the Jews and interpreted Judaism. This thesis examines the three major centres of Jewish life in the ancient world - Rome, Alexandria in Egypt, and Judaea - demonstrate that Jewish identity was remarkably and surprisingly fluid. By examining the available Jewish, Roman, and Greek literary and archaeological sources, one can learn how Jewish identity evolved in the Greco-Roman world. The Jews interacted with non-Jews daily, and adapted their neighbours’ practices while retaining what they considered a distinctive Jewish identity. Each chapter of this thesis examines a Jewish community in a different region of the ancient Mediterranean.
    [Show full text]
  • Cisco Telepresence Server 4.4(1.16) MR1 Open Source Documentation
    Open Source Used In Cisco TelePresence Server 4.4(1.16) MR1 Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com Cisco has more than 200 offices worldwide. Addresses, phone numbers, and fax numbers are listed on the Cisco website at www.cisco.com/go/offices. Text Part Number: 78EE117C99-139358573 Open Source Used In Cisco TelePresence Server 4.4(1.16) MR1 1 This document contains licenses and notices for open source software used in this product. With respect to the free/open source software listed in this document, if you have any questions or wish to receive a copy of any source code to which you may be entitled under the applicable free/open source license(s) (such as the GNU Lesser/General Public License), please contact us at [email protected]. In your requests please include the following reference number 78EE117C99-139358573 Contents 1.1 Brian Gladman's AES Implementation 11-01-11 1.1.1 Available under license 1.2 busybox 1.15.1 :15.el6 1.2.1 Available under license 1.3 Coreboot d9b5d897d7f05d0ee8f9411628b757beea990b4b 1.3.1 Available under license 1.4 curl and libcurl 7.44.0 :7.44.0 1.4.1 Available under license 1.5 dhcp 4.1.1-P1 1.5.1 Available under license 1.6 expat 2.2.0 1.6.1 Available under license 1.7 FatFS R0.05 1.7.1 Available under license 1.8 freetype 2.5.3 1.8.1 Available under license 1.9 fribidi 0.19.6 :1 1.9.1 Available under license 1.10 G.722 2.00 1.10.1 Available under license 1.11 HMAC n/a 1.11.1 Available under license 1.12 icelib f50dffe9820bb7e32ac7b9b1b1d19aa3431227a2 1.12.1 Available under license 1.13
    [Show full text]
  • Arheologija I Prirodne Nauke
    ARHEOLOGIJA I PRIRODNE NAUKE ARCHAEOLOGY AND SCIENCE Center for New Technology Institute of Archaeology Belgrade ARCHAEOLOGY AND SCIENCE 10 2014 Belgrade 2015 Centar za nove tehnologije Arheološki institut Beograd ARHEOLOGIJA I PRIRODNE NAUKE 10 2014 Beograd 2015. Published: Center for New Technology Viminacium Institute of Archaeology Belgrade Kneza Mihaila 35/IV 11000 Belgrade, Serbia e-mail: [email protected] Tel. +381 11 2637191 For the publishers: Miomir Korać Vladimir Miletić Editor-in-chief: Miomir Korać Editorial Board: Roksana Chowaniec, University of Warsaw, Institute of Archaeology, Warsaw Gianfranco Cicognani, Central European Initiative (CEI-ES), Trieste Rosemarie Cordie, Archäologiepark Belginum Eric De Sena, John Cabot University, Rome Snežana Golubović, Institute of Archaeology, Belgrade Natalia Goncharova, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow Gisela Grupe, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München Michaela Harbeck, Staatssammlung für Anthropologie und Paläoanatomie, München Lanfranco Masotti, Universita’ di Bologna, Bologna Žarko Mijailović, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Mathematics, Belgrade Živko Mikić, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Philosophy, Belgrade Milan Milosavljević, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Belgrade Dragan Milovanović, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Mining and Geology, Belgrade Zoran Obradović, Temple University, Philadelphia Zoran Ognjanović, Mathematical Institute, Belgrade Marco Pacetti, Universita’ Politecnico delle Marche, Ancona Slaviša Perić, Institute
    [Show full text]
  • Colours of Minor Bodies in the Outer Solar System II - a Statistical Analysis, Revisited
    Astronomy & Astrophysics manuscript no. MBOSS2 c ESO 2012 April 26, 2012 Colours of Minor Bodies in the Outer Solar System II - A Statistical Analysis, Revisited O. R. Hainaut1, H. Boehnhardt2, and S. Protopapa3 1 European Southern Observatory (ESO), Karl Schwarzschild Straße, 85 748 Garching bei M¨unchen, Germany e-mail: [email protected] 2 Max-Planck-Institut f¨ur Sonnensystemforschung, Max-Planck Straße 2, 37 191 Katlenburg- Lindau, Germany 3 Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20 742-2421, USA Received —; accepted — ABSTRACT We present an update of the visible and near-infrared colour database of Minor Bodies in the outer Solar System (MBOSSes), now including over 2000 measurement epochs of 555 objects, extracted from 100 articles. The list is fairly complete as of December 2011. The database is now large enough that dataset with a high dispersion can be safely identified and rejected from the analysis. The method used is safe for individual outliers. Most of the rejected papers were from the early days of MBOSS photometry. The individual measurements were combined so not to include possible rotational artefacts. The spectral gradient over the visible range is derived from the colours, as well as the R absolute magnitude M(1, 1). The average colours, absolute magnitude, spectral gradient are listed for each object, as well as their physico-dynamical classes using a classification adapted from Gladman et al., 2008. Colour-colour diagrams, histograms and various other plots are presented to illustrate and in- vestigate class characteristics and trends with other parameters, whose significance are evaluated using standard statistical tests.
    [Show full text]
  • The Minor Planet Bulletin
    THE MINOR PLANET BULLETIN OF THE MINOR PLANETS SECTION OF THE BULLETIN ASSOCIATION OF LUNAR AND PLANETARY OBSERVERS VOLUME 38, NUMBER 2, A.D. 2011 APRIL-JUNE 71. LIGHTCURVES OF 10452 ZUEV, (14657) 1998 YU27, AND (15700) 1987 QD Gary A. Vander Haagen Stonegate Observatory, 825 Stonegate Road Ann Arbor, MI 48103 [email protected] (Received: 28 October) Lightcurve observations and analysis revealed the following periods and amplitudes for three asteroids: 10452 Zuev, 9.724 ± 0.002 h, 0.38 ± 0.03 mag; (14657) 1998 YU27, 15.43 ± 0.03 h, 0.21 ± 0.05 mag; and (15700) 1987 QD, 9.71 ± 0.02 h, 0.16 ± 0.05 mag. Photometric data of three asteroids were collected using a 0.43- meter PlaneWave f/6.8 corrected Dall-Kirkham astrograph, a SBIG ST-10XME camera, and V-filter at Stonegate Observatory. The camera was binned 2x2 with a resulting image scale of 0.95 arc- seconds per pixel. Image exposures were 120 seconds at –15C. Candidates for analysis were selected using the MPO2011 Asteroid Viewing Guide and all photometric data were obtained and analyzed using MPO Canopus (Bdw Publishing, 2010). Published asteroid lightcurve data were reviewed in the Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB; Warner et al., 2009). The magnitudes in the plots (Y-axis) are not sky (catalog) values but differentials from the average sky magnitude of the set of comparisons. The value in the Y-axis label, “alpha”, is the solar phase angle at the time of the first set of observations. All data were corrected to this phase angle using G = 0.15, unless otherwise stated.
    [Show full text]