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Helenoshelenos –– Operatingoperating Systemsystem Builtbuilt Ofof Microservicesmicroservices HelenOSHelenOS –– OperatingOperating SystemSystem BuiltBuilt ofof MicroservicesMicroservices http://www.helenos.org/http://d3s.mff.cuni.cz Martin Děcký [email protected] Motivation Andy Tanenbaum at EuroBSDcon 2014, Sofia, Bulgaria Photo by Ollivier Robert “An operating system is said to be reliable when a typical user has never experienced even a single failure in his or her lifetime and does not know anybody who has ever experienced a failure.” [Tanenbaum 2014] Andy Tanenbaum at EuroBSDcon 2014, Sofia, Bulgaria Photo by Ollivier Robert “An operating system is said to be reliable when a typical user has never experienced even a single failure in his or her lifetime and does not know anybody who has ever experienced a failure.” [Tanenbaum 2014] “There are no demonstrated examples of highly secure or highly robust unstructured (monolithic) systems in the history of computing.” [Shapiro 2006] Andy Tanenbaum at EuroBSDcon 2014, Sofia, Bulgaria Photo by Ollivier Robert SoSoftftwareware DependabilityDependability IEEE definition “Dependability is a measurable and provable degree of system’s availability, reliability and its maintenance support.” Laprie J. C.: Dependable Computing and Fault Tolerance “Dependability is also affected by other measures, such as safety, security, integrity and confidentiality.” Martin Děcký, Internet a Technologie 17, June 20th 2017 HelenOS – Operating System Built of Microservices 7 CauCautitionaryonary Tale:Tale: Therac-25Therac-25 Radiotherapeutic medical device Derived from Therac-6 Two basic modes of operation Safety features in hardware instead of software 6 confirmed accidents between 1985 – 1987 3 confirmed deaths with a root cause of radiation burns Software race condition Poor software design and QA Misleading user interface Root cause: Poor understanding of software reliability issues Martin Děcký, Internet a Technologie 17, June 20th 2017 HelenOS – Operating System Built of Microservices 8 CauCautitionaryonary Tale:Tale: ArianeAriane 55 ESA heavy lift launch vehicle Derived from Ariane 4 A reliable and time-proven vehicle Exploded on its maiden voyage on June 4th 1996 39 seconds after lift-of $370 million in damage 64bit float containing velocity truncated to a 16bit integer in a non-critical software component Caused an uncaught exception that propagated to the control component A safety component triggered mission abort The non-critical component served no actual purpose Martin Děcký, Internet a Technologie 17, June 20th 2017 HelenOS – Operating System Built of Microservices 9 MicroservicesMicroservices Wikipedia definition “A variant of service-oriented architecture (SOA) that structures an application as a collection of loosely coupled fine-grained services.” Benefits Improved modularity, understandability, verifiability Improved run-time fault isolation, anti-fragility Martin Děcký, Internet a Technologie 17, June 20th 2017 HelenOS – Operating System Built of Microservices 10 MicroservicesMicroservices Not an entirely new idea ... Martin Děcký, Internet a Technologie 17, June 20th 2017 HelenOS – Operating System Built of Microservices 11 HelenOSHelenOS inin aa NutshellNutshell application application application server server server task task task microkernel hardware open source general-purpose multiplatform microkernel multiserver operating system designed and implemented from scratch Martin Děcký, Internet a Technologie 17, June 20th 2017 HelenOS – Operating System Built of Microservices 12 Competition HelenOS HelenOSHelenOS inin aa NutshellNutshell kernel concurrent synchro- kernel kernel hash console unit log nization remote remote tests table interface console framebuffer console compositor ELF kernel tracing wait read- loader lifecycle support queues copy- vterm bdsh mgmt update clipboard audio client session input output lists, generic cache work trees, resource coherency spinlocks human interface bitmaps allocator queues string misc slab address memory space nconfsrv slip routines routines allocator mgmt reservation dnsrsrv dhcp loopip ethip tcp udp cycle & memory networking link layer transport system memory frame protocols information time backends zones allocator management layer protocols mgmt mgmt architecture independent interrupt & hardware inetsrv syscall resource dispatch mgmt layer thread & TMPFS Location FS task IPC mgmt global page hierarchical ISO 9660 UDF MINIX FS hash table page table support support FAT exFAT ext4 thread task scheduler capabilities file system device drivers abstraction drivers shared shared dependent platform debugging drivers support hardware shared architecture vfs device manager platform interrupt platform I/O debugging location library service logger klog routines handling drivers mgmt support naming task service loader monitor init bootstrap CPU context platform atomics dependent architecture routines mgmt switching memory & mgmt barriers kernel Martin Děcký, Internet a Technologie 17, June 20th 2017 HelenOS – Operating System Built of Microservices 14 HelenOSHelenOS inin aa NutshellNutshell kernel concurrent synchro- kernel kernel hash console unit log nization remote remote tests table interface console framebuffer console compositor ELF kernel tracing wait read- loader lifecycle support queues copy- vterm bdsh mgmt update clipboard audio client session input output lists, ~generic 337,000cache physicalwork lines of code trees, resource coherency spinlocks human interface bitmaps allocator queues string misc slab address memory space nconfsrv slip routines routines allocator mgmt reservation dnsrsrv dhcp loopip ethip tcp udp ~ 950cycle & person-monthsmemory worth oflink e layerfort networking transport system memory frame protocols information time backends zones allocator management layer protocols mgmt mgmt architecture independent (Basic COCOMO Model) interrupt & hardware inetsrv syscall resource dispatch mgmt layer thread & TMPFS Location FS task IPC mgmt global page hierarchical ISO 9660 UDF MINIX FS 24 master hashtheses, table page table 4 bachelor theses, support support FAT exFAT ext4 thread task scheduler capabilities file system device drivers abstraction drivers shared shared 3 team projects,dependent platform debugging 11 GSoC and ESA SOCIS drivers support hardware shared architecture vfs device projects, independent contributors manager platform interrupt platform I/O debugging location library service logger klog routines handling drivers mgmt support naming task service loader monitor init bootstrap CPU context platform atomics dependent architecture routines mgmt switching memory & mgmt barriers kernel Martin Děcký, Internet a Technologie 17, June 20th 2017 HelenOS – Operating System Built of Microservices 15 BSD license AMD64, ARM, IA-32, IA-64, MIPS, PowerPC, SPARC Smart algorithms and data structures (RCU) Componentized networking stack (IPv4, IPv6) Audio stack (playing MOD, XM files) Composing desktop GUI TheThe CaseCase forfor “Reinven“Reinventitingng thethe Wheel”Wheel” Clean-slate design Legacy designs and APIs may be broken, insecure, thread- unsafe, morally obsolete However, not saying that all legacy is broken Thinking out of the box Martin Děcký, Internet a Technologie 17, June 20th 2017 HelenOS – Operating System Built of Microservices 18 FormalFormal VeriVerifificacatitionon inin aa NutshellNutshell OK label transition system or line 10: … line 14: … (open → close) model checker line 22: … temporal logic formula line 47: ... error trace Martin Děcký, Internet a Technologie 17, June 20th 2017 HelenOS – Operating System Built of Microservices 20 FormalFormal VeriVerifificacatitionon ExampleExample Changeset: mainline,530 Commit log: Fix uninitialized field in error path Found by Clang Analyzer kernel/generic/src/main/kinit.c if (init.tasks[i].addr % FRAME_SIZE) { printf(“init[%” PRIs “].addr is not frame aligned\n”, i); + programs[i].task = NULL; continue; } Martin Děcký, Internet a Technologie 17, June 20th 2017 HelenOS – Operating System Built of Microservices 21 ConclusionConclusion && FutureFuture WorkWork State-of-the-art Solid and comprehensive research and development platform Viability demonstrated on several practical use cases Future work Performance tuning Focusing on commercialization Martin Děcký, Internet a Technologie 17, June 20th 2017 HelenOS – Operating System Built of Microservices 22 Q&A JoinJoin us!us! www.helenos.org Martin Děcký, Internet a Technologie 17, June 20th 2017 HelenOS – Operating System Built of Microservices 24 Backup slides HelenOSHelenOS ContributorsContributors Sean Bartell Štepán Henek Jan Mareš Jiří Svoboda Tomáš Benhák Vojtěch Horký Julia Medvedeva Agnieszka Tabaka Dmitry Bolkhovityanov Adam Hraška Lukáš Mejdrech Dominik Táborský Sergey Bondari Mohammed Hussain Vojtěch Mencl Jiří Tlach Tobias Börtitz Adrian Jamróz Jiří Michalec Lenka Trochtová Zdeněk Bouška Pavel Jančík Ondřej Palkovský Petr Tůma Tomáš Brambora Martin Jelen Vineeth Pillai Jakub Váňa Jan Buchar Petr Jerman Tim Post Radim Vansa Lubomír Bulej Jakub Jermář Vivek Prakash Laura-Mihaela Vasilescu Tomáš Bureš Fan Jinfei František Princ Ján Veselý Josef Čejka Jiří Kavalík Alexander Prutkov Jan Záloha Aurelio Colosimo Michal Kebrt Marin Ramesa Jiří Zárevúcky Manuele Conti Jakub Klama Pavel Římský Martin Děcký Matěj Klonfar Oleg Romanenko Matúš Dekánek Jan Kolárik Jef Rous Jan Dolejš Michal Konopa Thomas Sanchez Andrey Erokhin Petr Koupý Ondřej Šerý Matteo Facchinet Stanislav Kozina Ľuboš Slovák Beniamino Galvani Sandeep Kumar Antonín Steinhauser Matthieu Gueguen Maurizio Lombardi Petr Štěpán Zbigniew
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