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Trace Organic Contaminant Removal by Fungal Membrane Bioreactors and Enzymatic Membrane Reactors University of Wollongong Research Online University of Wollongong Thesis Collection 1954-2016 University of Wollongong Thesis Collections 2015 Trace organic contaminant removal by fungal membrane bioreactors and enzymatic membrane reactors Luong Ngoc Nguyen University of Wollongong Follow this and additional works at: https://ro.uow.edu.au/theses University of Wollongong Copyright Warning You may print or download ONE copy of this document for the purpose of your own research or study. The University does not authorise you to copy, communicate or otherwise make available electronically to any other person any copyright material contained on this site. You are reminded of the following: This work is copyright. Apart from any use permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part of this work may be reproduced by any process, nor may any other exclusive right be exercised, without the permission of the author. Copyright owners are entitled to take legal action against persons who infringe their copyright. A reproduction of material that is protected by copyright may be a copyright infringement. A court may impose penalties and award damages in relation to offences and infringements relating to copyright material. Higher penalties may apply, and higher damages may be awarded, for offences and infringements involving the conversion of material into digital or electronic form. Unless otherwise indicated, the views expressed in this thesis are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views of the University of Wollongong. Recommended Citation Nguyen, Luong Ngoc, Trace organic contaminant removal by fungal membrane bioreactors and enzymatic membrane reactors, Doctor of Philosophy thesis, School of Civil, Mining and Environmental Engineering, University of Wollongong, 2015. https://ro.uow.edu.au/theses/4540 Research Online is the open access institutional repository for the University of Wollongong. For further information contact the UOW Library: [email protected] School of Civil, Mining and Environmental Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences University of Wollongong, Australia Trace organic contaminant removal by fungal membrane bioreactors and enzymatic membrane reactors A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY from UNIVERSISTY OF WOLLONGONG by Luong Ngoc Nguyen October, 2015 CERTIFICATION I, Luong Ngoc Nguyen, hereby declare that this thesis, submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of Doctor of Philosophy to the School of Civil, Mining and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences, University of Wollongong is wholly my own work unless otherwise acknowledged. The document has not been submitted for qualification at any other academic institution. Luong Ngoc Nguyen Thesis supervision: Dr. Faisal I. Hai, School of Civil, Mining and Environmental Engineering UOW, Wollongong, NSW 2522. Tel: (02) 4221 3054, Email: [email protected] Prof. William Price, School of Chemistry, UOW, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Tel (02) 4221 8089, Email: [email protected] i THESIS RELATED PUBLICATIONS Journal articles 1. Luong N Nguyen, Jason P. van de Merwe, Faisal I Hai, Frederic DL Leusch, Jinguo Kang, William E Price, Felicity Roddick, Saleh F. Magram and Long D Nghiem. (2015) Laccase - syringaldehyde (SA) - mediated degradation of trace organic contaminants (TrOCs) in an enzymatic membrane reactor (EMR): Removal efficiency and effluent toxicity. Bioresource Technology, (Accepted, October 2015). 2. Luong N Nguyen, Faisal I Hai, William E Price, Jinguo Kang, Frederic DL Leusch, Felicity Roddick, Jason P van de Merwe, Saleh F Magram, Long D Nghiem. (2015) Degradation of a broad spectrum of trace organic contaminants by an enzymatic membrane reactor: Complementary role of membrane retention and enzymatic degradation. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 99, 115-122. 3. Luong N Nguyen, Faisal I Hai, William E Price, Frederic DL Leusch, Felicity Roddick, Hao H Ngo, Wenshan Guo, Saleh F Magram, Long D Nghiem. (2014) The effects of mediator and granular activated carbon addition on degradation of trace organic contaminants by an enzymatic membrane reactor. Bioresource Technology, 167, 169-177. 4. Luong N Nguyen, Faisal I Hai, William E Price, Frederic DL Leusch, Felicity Roddick, Ewan J McAdam, Saleh F Magram, Long D Nghiem. (2014) Continuous biotransformation of bisphenol A and diclofenac by laccase in an enzymatic membrane reactor. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation. 95, 25-32. 5. Luong N Nguyen, Faisal I Hai, Jinguo Kang, Frederic DL Leusch, Felicity Roddick, Saleh F Magram, William E Price, Long D Nghiem. (2014) Enhancement of trace organic contaminant degradation by crude enzyme extract from Trametes versicolor culture: Effect of mediator type and concentration. Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers. 45, 1855-1862. 6. Luong N Nguyen, Faisal I Hai, Shufan Yang, Jinguo Kang, Frederic DL Leusch, Felicity Roddick, William E Price, Long D Nghiem. (2014) Removal of pharmaceuticals, steroid hormones, phytoestrogens, UV-filters, industrial chemicals and pesticides by Trametes versicolor: Role of biosorption and biodegradation. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 88, 169-175. ii 7. Luong N Nguyen, Faisal I Hai, Jinguo Kang, Saleh F Magram, William E Price, Long D Nghiem. (2014). Impact of 1-hydroxybenzotriazole dosing on trace organic contaminant degradation by laccase. Journal of Water Sustainability, 4, 41-48. 8. Luong N Nguyen, Faisal I Hai, Shufan Yang, Jinguo Kang, Frederic DL Leusch, Felicity Roddick, William E Price, Long D Nghiem. (2013) Removal of trace organic contaminants by an MBR comprising a mixed culture of bacteria and white-rot fungi, Bioresource technology, 148, 234-241. 9. Shufan Yang, Faisal I Hai, Luong N Nguyen, Long D Nghiem, Felicity Roddick, William E Price. (2013) Removal of bisphenol A and diclofenac by a novel fungal membrane bioreactor operated under non-sterile conditions. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 85, 483-490. Book chapters: 1. Faisal I. Hai, Luong N. Nguyen, Long D. Nghiem, Bao-Qiang Liao, Ismail Koyuncu, and William E. Price, 2015. Trace Organic Contaminants Removal by Combined Processes for Wastewater Reuse. In D. Fatta-Kassinos, D.D. Dionysiou and K. Kümmerer (Eds) Emerging Challenges in Wastewater Reuse: Contaminants, Treatment, Effects, Springer, Germany, pp. 519-568. 2. Faisal I. Hai, Abdulhakeem Alturki, Luong N. Nguyen, William E. Price and Long D. Nghiem, 2015. Removal of Trace Organic Contaminants by Integrated Membrane Processes for Water Reuse Application. In Hao H. Ngo, Wenshan Guo, Rao Y. Surampalli and Tian C. Zhang (Eds). Membrane Reactors for Energy Applications, ASCE, USA, Accepted, In press. Conference presentation: 1. Luong N. Nguyen, Faisal I. Hai, Anthony Dosseto, William E. Price, and Long D. Nghiem. (2015) Continuous adsorption and biotransformation of micropollutants by granular activated carbon-bound laccase in a packed-bed immobilized enzyme reactor. 8th Challenges in Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Sydney, Australia (September 2015) (Received Best Oral Presentation Award). iii 2. Bradley Ashe, Luong N. Nguyen, Faisal I. Hai, William E. Price, and Long D. Nghiem. (2015) Impacts of redox-mediator type on enzymatic degradation of trace organic contaminants: Degradation efficiency, enzyme stability and effluent toxicity. 8th Challenges in Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Sydney, Australia (September 2015). 3. Luong N Nguyen, Faisal I Hai, William E Price, Frederic DL Leusch, Felicity Roddick, Ewan J McAdam, Saleh F Magram, Long D Nghiem. (2013) Continuous biotransformation of bisphenol A and diclofenac by laccase in an enzymatic membrane reactor. 6th Challenges in Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Daegu, Korea (November 2013). iv ABSTRACT The occurrence of trace organic contaminants (TrOCs) in raw and secondary treated effluent is of significant human and ecological health concern, particularly with regard to the safety of the downstream production of water for human consumption. Efficient removal of TrOCs is a prerequisite to wastewater reclamation which is regarded as an important means of tackling the ever increasing demand for water. This thesis work investigated the removal of TrOCs by whole- cell white rot fungi (WRF) and their extracellular enzyme (i.e., laccase) in membrane bioreactors (MBRs) and enzymatic membrane reactors (EMRs). The first step of this research compared the TrOC removal performance of live (biosorption + biodegradation), intracellular enzyme-inhibited and chemically inactivated (biosorption only) whole-cell preparations and the fungal extracellular enzyme extract (predominantly laccase) from Trametes versicolor (ATCC 7731). Because phenolic substrates are amenable to degradation by laccase, all 14 phenolic TrOCs were readily biodegraded by the live whole-cell culture. On the other hand, only eight of the 16 non-phenolic TrOCs were readily biodegraded, while the removal of hydrophilic TrOCs (log D < 3) was negligible. With the exception of diclofenac, no non-phenolic TrOCs were degraded by the extracellular enzyme extract. The whole-cell culture showed considerably higher degradation of at least seven compounds, indicating the importance of biosorption and subsequent degradation by intracellular and/or mycelium associated enzymes. TrOC removal performance of laccase was improved by the addition of redox-mediator (1-hydroxybenzotriazole
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