Tsunamis on the Pacific Coast of Washington State and Adjacent Areas— a Selected, Annotated Bibliography and Directory RESOURCES

Tsunamis on the Pacific Coast of Washington State and Adjacent Areas— A Selected, Annotated Bibliography and Directory RESOURCES

NATURAL compiled by Connie J. Manson and Lee Walkling

WASHINGTON DIVISION OF GEOLOGY AND EARTH RESOURCES

Open File Report 98-4 Supersedes Open File Report 94-5 April 1998

Prepared in cooperation with the Washington Military Department Emergency Management Division

Contents

Introduction ...... 1 Warnings ...... 1 Mitigation ...... 1 Organization ...... 2 Acknowledgments ...... 2

BIBLIOGRAPHY...... 3 I. Most significant reports ...... 3 II. General works about the geology and geologic hazards of Washington ...... 3 III. General works about geologic hazards, earthquakes, and tsunamis ...... 4 IV. Works about earthquake and tsunami hazards on the Pacific coast of Washington...... 7 V. Works about tsunami hazards in Puget Sound ...... 12 VI. Works about tsunami hazards in the Strait of Juan de Fuca ...... 14 VII. Works about tsunami hazards in other parts of the Cascadia subduction zone ...... 15 VIII. Works about tsunami hazards outside of the Cascadia subduction zone ...... 21 IX. Tsunami models and modeling ...... 22

DIRECTORY ...... 25 Listings by individual...... 25 Listings by organization ...... 30 Agency listings by state/province ...... 34 Tsunami web pages ...... 40

Tsunamis on the Pacific Coast of Washington State and Adjacent Areas— A Selected, Annotated Bibliography and Directory compiled by Connie J. Manson and Lee Walkling Washington Division of Geology and Earth Resources PO Box 47007, Olympia, WA 98504-7007 [email protected]; [email protected]

INTRODUCTION geologic investigations indicate that large tsunamis have struck our coast many times in the last few This report intends to help local planners and emer- thousand years. gency managers understand the earthquake and tsu- On the Pacific coast, from southern British nami risks on the Pacific coast and mitigate their ef- Columbia to northern California, people and fects. The Pacific coast of Washington is at risk property are at risk both from distantly and locally from tsunamis. These destructive waves can be generated tsunamis. Recent studies indicate that caused by coastal or submarine landslides or vol- about a dozen very large earthquakes (with canism, but they are most commonly caused by magnitudes of 8 or more) have occurred in the large submarine earthquakes. Cascadia subduction zone west of Washington. Tsunamis are generated when these geologic Computer models indicate that tsunamis waves events cause large, rapid movements in the sea floor generated by these local events might range from 5 that displace the water column above. That swift to 55 feet in height and could affect the entire coastal change creates a series of high-energy waves that region. (See Section IX, Tsunami models and radiate outward like pond ripples. Offshore modeling.) tsunamis would strike the adjacent shorelines within minutes and also cross the ocean at speeds as great Warnings as 600 miles per hour to strike distant shores. In 1946, a tsunami was initiated by an earthquake in the When an earthquake that might generate a Pacific Aleutian Islands of Alaska; in less than 5 hours, it coast tsunami is detected, the Alaska Tsunami reached Hawaii with waves as high as 55 feet and Warning Center calculates the danger to the north- killed 173 people. east Pacific coast and notifies the communities at Tsunami waves can continue for hours. The first risk. Those warnings may give people a few hours wave can be followed by others a few minutes or a to prepare and evacuate (depending on the distance few hours later, and the later waves are commonly to the earthquake). larger. The first wave to strike Crescent City, If the earthquake occurs off our coast, however, California, caused by the Alaska earthquake in there may be no time to send out hazard warnings. Prince William Sound in 1964, was 9 feet above the The first waves could arrive within minutes of the tide level; the second, 29 minutes later, was 6 feet earthquake. The only tsunami warning might be the above tide, the third was about 11 feet above the tide earthquake itself. level, and the fourth, most damaging wave was more than 16 feet above the tide level. The third and Mitigation fourth waves killed 11 people. Estimates of the In order to plan for hazards, citizens need to know damage range from $7.4 to $16 million (in 1964 what to expect. In the last few years, there have dollars). That same tsunami destroyed property in been significant advances in understanding the many areas along the coast from Alaska to earthquakes that have occurred on the Cascadia California. In Washington alone, that tsunami subduction zone and the tsunamis that have struck caused $105,000 (in 1964 dollars) in damage. the Pacific coast. This information is the founda- That 1964 event was the most recent significant tion for planning efforts. tsunami to reach the Washington coast, but recent

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In order to form successful mitigation strategies, Walkling) lists the people and organizations ac- local planners and emergency managers need to tively involved with tsunami research in the Pacific know what has worked and what has not. In the last Northwest. The Internet Access section gives the few years, many organizations and communities addresses for tsunami-related web pages, as of have addressed these issues. Those experiences can early 1998. help others to formulate the best possible plans for All the materials listed here are available for the coastal communities. examination at the DGER offices in Olympia, Washington. Many are also available at university ORGANIZATION or public libraries. The information is presented in three parts. The Acknowledgments Bibliography (compiled by Connie Manson) is an annotated list of highly selected materials about This work was prepared at the Washington Depart- tsunami hazards and closely related literature. The ment of Natural Resources, Division of Geology annotations are brief descriptions of the works, and Earth Resources, in cooperation with the Wash- some quoted from their introductory sections. The ington Military Department, Emergency Manage- qualitative assessments were made by the com- ment Division, and the Federal Emergency Man- piler, from her knowledge of the use and usefulness agement Agency. of the reports. The Directory (compiled by Lee Bibliography

I. MOST SIGNIFICANT REPORTS

These are the most highly recommended readings for the entire tsunami mitigation community:

Atwater, B. F., 1996, Coastal evidence for great earth- Hull, D. A.; Karel, Angie, 1997, Strategy for tsunami quakes in western Washington. In Rogers, A. M.; mitigation and public awareness: Oregon Department Walsh, T. J.; Kockelman, W. J.; Priest, G. R., editors, of Geology and Mineral Industries, 1 v. Assessing earthquake hazards and reducing risk in the Pacific Northwest: U.S. Geological Survey Profes- Addresses the tsunami mitigation and public awareness efforts in Oregon. sional Paper 1560, p. 77-90. A thorough review of the geologic evidence of great Tsunami Hazard Mitigation Federal/State Working earthquakes on the Cascadia subduction zone. Excel- Group, 1996, Tsunami hazard mitigation implementa- lent, highly accessible illustrations. tion plan—A report to the Senate Appropriations Committee: Tsunami Hazard Mitigation Federal/ California Governor’s Office of Emergency Services, State Working Group, 1 v. 1997, Findings and recommendations for mitigating the risks of tsunamis in California: California Gover- This is the “action plan” for the state-federal tsunami nor’s Office of Emergency Services, 30 p. working group. An action plan for tsunami mitigation in California. Walker, D. A., 1996, Human factors compounding the de- structiveness of future tsunamis: Science of Tsunami Good, J. W., 1995, Tsunami education planning work- Hazards, v. 14, no. 2, p. 79-83. shop findings and recommendations: U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Pacific Ma- Makes strong arguments for improving public awareness of the hazards and improved communication rine Environmental Laboratory NOAA Technical among the public, the scientists, and government agen- Memorandum ERL PMEL-106, 41 p. cies as the best ways to reduce the disastrous effects of Recommends specific actions to improve public aware- tsunamis. ness and agency cooperation.

II. GENERAL WORKS ABOUT THE GEOLOGY AND GEOLOGIC HAZARDS OF WASHINGTON

Alt, D. D.; Hyndman, D. W., 1995, Northwest expo- Recommended for local planners, emergency manag- sures—A geologic story of the Northwest: Mountain ers, public libraries, and high school/college libraries. Press Publishing Company [Missoula, Mont.], 443 p. Lasmanis, Raymond, 1991, The geology of Washington: The geology of the Pacific Northwest, intended for a Rocks and Minerals, v. 66, no. 4, p. 262-277. popular audience. Includes a brief section on Pacific coast earthquakes and tsunamis (p. 399-401). A good, brief, recent overview of Washington’s ex- tremely diverse geology. Includes a discussion of the Cope, Vern, 1994, The Washington earthquake hand- earthquake hazards of the Cascadia subduction zone. book—An easy-to-understand information and sur- Recommended for local planners, emergency manag- vival manual: Vern Cope [Portland, Ore.], 145 p. ers, public libraries, and high school libraries. A good, general review of earthquake and tsunami hazards in Washington. Very good sections on earthquake preparedness and emergency information.

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Noson, L. L.; Qamar, A. I.; Thorsen, G. W., 1988, Wash- Includes: ington State earthquake hazards: Washington Divi- sion of Geology and Earth Resources Information Rogers, A. M.; Walsh, T. J.; Kockelman, W. J.; Priest, Circular 85, 77 p. G. R., 1996, Earthquake hazards in the Pacific An excellent, thorough discussion of earthquake and Northwest—An overview. p. 1-54. tsunami hazards in Washington. The introduction to the volume. Highly recommended for local planners, emergency Highly recommended for geologists, local planners, managers, public libraries, and high school and college emergency managers, public libraries, and college libraries. libraries. Orr, E. L.; Orr, W. N., 1996, Geology of the Pacific Walsh, T. J., 1996, An introduction to earthquakes Northwest: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 409 p. sources of the Pacific Northwest. p. 71-74. College-level text. Includes a very brief discussion of Discusses the general earthquake setting in the Pa- tsunami hazards. cific Northwest and summarizes the findings of pa- Rogers, A. M.; Walsh, T. J.; Kockelman, W. J.; Priest, G. pers in this volume. R., editors, 1996, Assessing earthquake hazards and Highly recommended for geologists, local planners, reducing risk in the Pacific Northwest: U.S. Geologi- emergency managers, public libraries, and college cal Survey Professional Paper 1560, 306 p., 6 plates. libraries. This volume includes eleven highly significant papers about earthquakes in the Pacific Northwest. Highly recommended for geologists, local planners, emergency managers, public libraries, and college libraries.

III. GENERAL WORKS ABOUT GEOLOGIC HAZARDS, EARTHQUAKES, AND TSUNAMIS

Alexander, David, 1993, Natural disasters: Chapman and Bernard, E. N., 1997, Reducing tsunami hazards long Hall, 632 p. U.S. coastlines. In Hebenstreit, G. T., editor, Perspec- A thorough examination of the causes and actions of tives on tsunami hazard reduction: Kluwer Academic various geologic hazards, including earthquakes and Publishers, p. 189-203. tsunamis, their impacts on people and society, and the A summary of workshops held by NOAA after a series of responses and preventive measures we can make. earthquakes on the southern Cascadia subduction zone. Those workshops focused on tsunami hazard as- American Institute of Professional Geologists, 1993, The sessment, tsunami warnings, and tsunami education, citizens’ guide to geologic hazards—A guide to un- with twelve recommendations that participants felt derstanding geology hazards—Including asbestos, would mitigate the tsunami hazards. radon, swelling soils, earthquakes, volcanoes, land- Highly recommended for local planners, emergency slides, subsidence, floods and coastal hazards: Ameri- managers, and college libraries. can Institute of Professional Geologists, 134 p. Bolt, B. A., 1988, Earthquakes: W. H. Freeman and Com- An excellent review of hazards from geologic materials (like asbestos and radon) and geologic processes (in- pany, 282 p. cluding earthquakes, landslides, and tsunamis). Clearly A standard work about the causes and effects of earth- written, with good illustrations and current information. quakes. Recommended for local planners, emergency manag- Recommended for local planners, emergency managers, public libraries, and high school/college libraries. ers, public libraries, and high school/college libraries. Bernard, E. N., editor, 1991, Tsunami hazard: Natural Bourgeois, Joanne; Minoura, Koji, 1997, Paleotsunami Hazards, v. 4, no. 2-3, p. 113-326. studies—Contribution to mitigation and risk assess- Recent advances in tsunami research are published in ment. In Gusiakov, V. K., editor, Tsunami mitigation this special issue of Natural Hazards (the proceedings of and risk assessment—Report of the International the 14th International Tsunami Symposium, 1989). The Workshop, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskiy, Russia, scientific reports are grouped into three areas of re- August 21–24, 1996: Russian Academy of Sciences, search: observations, physical processes, and hazard p. 1-4. mitigation. TSUNAMIS ON THE PACIFIC COAST OF WASHINGTON 5

This paper reviews the rapid recent advances in recog- Dudley, W. C.; Lee, Min, 1988, Tsunami!: University of nizing and interpreting paleotsunami deposits. These Hawaii Press, 132 p. attempts can contribute directly to tsunami-mitigation and risk assessment programs. This volume gives eyewitness accounts of the 1946, 1952, 1957, and 1960 tsunamis and clear descriptions Recommended for local planners, emergency manag- of the causes, actions and effects of tsunami waves. ers, public libraries, and high school/college libraries. Recommended for high school and public libraries. Brennan, A. M.; Lander, J. F., editors, 1991, 2nd UJNR Tsunami Workshop, Honolulu, Hawaii, 5–6 Novem- El-Sabh, M. I., 1995, The role of public education and ber 1990; Proceedings: U.S. National Geophysical awareness in tsunami hazard management. In Tsu- Data Center Key to Geophysical Records Documenta- chiya, Yoshito; Shuto, Nobuo, editors, Tsunami— tion 24, 260 p. Progress in prediction, disaster prevention and warning: Kluwer Academic Publishers Advances in Natu- These papers discuss tsunami modeling and protective measures. ral and Technological Hazards Research, v. 4, p. 277-285. The full volume is recommended for modelers and engineers. The “protective measures” section is recom- Addresses the role of public education and awareness mended for local planners, emergency managers, and as an important element in tsunami hazard manage- college libraries. ment. Highly recommended for local planners, emergency managers, and college libraries. Camfield, F. E., 1980, Tsunami engineering: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Coastal Engineering Research Gusiakov, V. K., editor, 1997, Tsunami mitigation and Center Special Report 6, 222 p. risk assessment—Report of the International Work- shop, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskiy, Russia, August A thorough discussion of the engineering aspects of tsunami wave motion and coastal barrier design. 21–24, 1996: Russian Academy of Sciences, 68 p. Recommended for coastal engineers and architects. Includes 10 papers presented in 1996, with topics rang- ing from paleotsunami research to risk assessment. Clague, J. J., 1991, Natural hazards. In Gabrielse, H.; Highly recommended for geologists, local planners, Yorath, C. J., editors, Geology of the Cordilleran oro- emergency managers, public libraries, and high school gen in Canada: Geological Survey of Canada Geology and college libraries. of Canada 4; Geological Society of America DNAG Geology of North America, v. G-2, p. 803-815. Hays, W. W., editor, 1981, Facing geologic and hydro- logic hazards—Earth-science considerations: U.S. An overview of the earthquake, landslide, tsunami, and Geological Survey Professional Paper 1240-B, 109 p. volcanic hazards in western Washington and British Co- lumbia. Basic information about the geologic hazards of earthquakes, floods, ground failures, and volcanic eruptions Curtis, G. D.; Pelinovsky, E. N., 1997, Methods of calcu- with suggested actions that planners and decision- lation of tsunami risk. In Gusiakov, V. K., editor, Tsu- makers can take to reduce losses from geologic and hy- nami mitigation and risk assessment—Report of the drologic hazards. International Workshop, Petropavlovsk-Kamchat- Recommended for local planners, emergency manag- skiy, Russia, August 21–24, 1996: Russian Academy ers, public libraries, and high school /college libraries. of Sciences, p. 28-31. Hunt, Joe, 1992, Tsunami warning!: Intergovernmental A brief but thoughtful discussion of the complex compo- Oceanographic Commission, 32 p. nents in tsunami risk estimates. An illustrated book about tsunamis, suitable for 2nd to Highly recommended for local planners, emergency 4th grades. managers, public libraries, and high school and college libraries. Recommended for school and public libraries. Dawson, A. G., 1994, Geomorphological effects of tsu- Lampton, Christopher, 1992, Tidal wave: Millbrook nami run-up and backwash: Geomorphology, v. 10, Press, 63 p. no. 1-4, p. 83-94. A basic, recent work about tsunamis, suitable for 4th to 8th grades. Well illustrated. Tsunamis can cause rapid changes in shorelines; evolu- tion of some portions of shorelines may even be domi- Recommended for school and public libraries. nated by tsunami erosion and deposition. This paper includes many international examples of such tsunami- Lander, J. F.; Yeh, Harry, conveners, 1995, Report of the caused geomorphic changes, with a brief discussion of International Tsunami Measurements Workshop: In- the 300-ybp event on the Pacific coast of Washington ternational Tsunami Measurements Workshop, 102 p. and Oregon and the 1,100-ybp event in the Puget Low- Includes discussions and recommendations for instru- land. mentation, modeling, and mitigation. 6 OPEN FILE REPORT 98-4

Recommended for local planners and emergency man- Geophysical Union Transactions), v. 78, no. 46, Sup- agers. plement, p. F46. Lockridge, P. A., 1990, Nonseismic phenomena in the A brief description of the NOAA-sponsored earthquake- generation and augmentation of tsunamis: Natural sensing instrumentation system. Hazards, v. 3, no. 4, p. 403-412. Pararas-Carayannis, George, 1988, Tsunami warning Discusses the tsunamis caused by volcanoes, land- system in the Pacific—An example of international slides, and other non-seismic events and how those cooperation. In El-Sabh, M. I.; Murty, T. S., editors, risks can be mitigated through education and warning Natural and man-made hazards; Proceedings of the in- systems. ternational symposium held at Rimouski, Quebec, McCredie, Scott, 1994, Tsunamis—The wrath of Posei- 1986: D. Reidel Publishing Co., p. 773-780. don; When nightmare waves appear out of nowhere to Prior to 1960, the U.S., Japan, and other countries smash the land: Smithsonian, v. 24, no. 12, p. 28-39. around the Pacific Ocean maintained their own inde- pendent tsunami warning systems. The widespread Popular article about tsunami hazards, damage, and damage caused by the 1964 Alaska earthquake focused generation. Clearly written and well illustrated. attention on the need for an international system, de- Recommended for local planners, emergency manag- scribed here. ers, public libraries, and high school libraries. Recommended for local planners and emergency man- McCulloch, D. S., 1985, Evaluating tsunami potential. In agers. Ziony, J. I., editor, Evaluating earthquake hazards Preuss, Jane, 1984, Comprehensive planning in tsunami in the Los Angeles region—An earth-science perspec- prone areas. In Proceedings of the 8th World Confer- tive: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper ence on Earthquake Engineering: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1360, p. 375-413. v. 7, p. 793-800. Excellent technical overview. Descriptions and illustra- An excellent summary of land-use planning in tsunami- tions of tsunami-wave propagation and runup are espe- prone areas. cially useful. Recommended for local planners, emergency manag- Recommended for engineers, local planners, and col- ers, public libraries, and high school/college libraries. lege libraries. Siegel, G. B.; Bjur, D. M., 1985, Earthquake mitigation Nance, J. J., 1988, On shaky ground: William Morrow management for harbors and seaports: University of and Company, Inc., 416 p. Southern California School of Public Administration, A popular work about earthquake hazards of the U.S., 261 p. with emphasis on the Pacific Northwest. Seaports are at particular risk from coastal-area earth- Recommended for public libraries. quakes, both from potential tsunami inundation and earthquake-induced liquefaction. Many Pacific coast Nelson, J. B., 1980, Catalog of tsunami photographs: U.S. and Puget Lowland port facilities were originally con- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration structed by filling and/or dredging—practices that have Key to Geophysical Records Documentation 13, 52 p. increased their liquefaction susceptibility. While new Photographs of tsunami damage from 9 events, from port construction usually requires geotechnical analysis 1946 to 1975, including the damage along the Pacific and design, few older structures are retrofitted. coast caused by the 1964 Alaska earthquake. Copies of Recommended for port officials, building code officials, the individual photographs are available for sale; order- local planners, emergency managers. ing information is included. Sokolowski, T. J., 1991, Improvements in the Tsunami Nichols, D. R.; Buchanan-Banks, J. M., 1974, Seismic Warning Center in Alaska: Earthquake Spectra, v. 7, hazards and land-use planning: U.S. Geological Sur- no. 3, Aug. 1991, p. 461-481. vey Circular 690, 33 p. Describes the Alaska Tsunami Warning Center’s highly Describes the hazards caused by earthquakes, includ- automated tsunami warning system. The center ana- ing tsunamis, ground shaking, and earthquake-induced lyzes data from potential tsunamigenic earthquakes in landslides and their application to land-use planning. In- real time and disseminates critical information to af- cludes a list of the principal sources of geologic and fected coastal populations via satellite and high-speed seismic data. Although dated, this is still useful. teletypewriter communication systems. These upgraded Recommended for local planners and public libraries. systems provide timely and effective tsunami warning services for coastal populations in Alaska and the west Oppenheimer, D. H.; Bittenbinder, A.; Bogaert, B.; coasts of Canada and the U.S. Dietz, L.; Ellsworth, W.; Jensen, E.; Kohler, W.; Van Steinbrugge, K. V., 1982, Earthquakes, volcanoes, and Schlaack, J.; Buland, R.; Benz, H. M.; and others, tsunamis—An anatomy of hazards: Skandia America 1997, CREST—Consolidated Reporting of Earth- Group, 392 p. quakeS and Tsunamis [abstract]: Eos (American TSUNAMIS ON THE PACIFIC COAST OF WASHINGTON 7

A thorough examination of earthquakes, volcanoes, and Tsunami Hazard Mitigation Federal/State Working tsunamis, with emphasis on their insurance risk. Group, 1996, Tsunami hazard mitigation implementa- Thorsen, G. W., 1994, Earthquake preparedness—When tion plan—A report to the Senate Appropriations you’re not at home: Washington Geology, v. 22, no. 3, Committee: Tsunami Hazard Mitigation Federal/ p. 35-38. State Working Group, 1 v. This is the “action plan” for the state-federal tsunami An excellent review of safety tips in earthquake- and working group. tsunami-prone areas. Required reading for all tsunami researchers and plan- Highly recommended for coastal businesses, local planners. ners, and emergency managers. Tiedemann, Herbert, 1992, Earthquakes and volcanic U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, eruptions—A handbook on risk assessment: Swiss 1986, Tsunamis slide set: U.S. National Oceanic and Reinsurance Company, 951 p. Atmospheric Administration World Data Center-A, 20 photographic slides, in folder with 4 p. text. An exhaustive examination of earthquakes, volcanoes, and tsunamis, with emphasis on their insurance risk. In- These 35mm slides of tsunami waves and their resulting cludes recent examples. damage cover seven events occurring during the period 1946 to 1975, including the tsunami damage in Prince Tsuchiya, Yoshito; Shuto, Nobuo, editors, 1995, Tsu- William Sound caused by the 1964 Alaska earthquake. nami—Progress in prediction, disaster prevention and Copies of the slide set are available for sale; ordering in- warning: Kluwer Academic Publishers Advances in formation is included. Natural and Technological Hazards Research, v. 4, Walker, D. A., 1996, Human factors compounding the de- 336 p. structiveness of future tsunamis: Science of Tsunami Papers presented at a conference. Includes sections on Hazards, v. 14, no. 2, p. 79-83. tsunami generation and prediction; a lengthy section on Makes strong arguments for improving public aware- tsunami mitigation, and a section on tsunami warning ness of the hazards and improved communication systems. among the public, the scientists, and government agen- Recommended for tsunami scientists, local planners, cies as the best ways to reduce the disastrous effects of and emergency managers. tsunamis. Required reading for all tsunami researchers and planners.

IV. WORKS ABOUT EARTHQUAKE AND TSUNAMI HAZARDS ON THE PACIFIC COAST OF WASHINGTON

Atwater, B. F., 1987, Evidence for great Holocene earth- Atwater, B. F.; Nelson, A. R.; Clague, J. J.; Carver, G. A.; quakes along the outer coast of Washington State: Yamaguchi, D. K.; Bobrowsky, P. T.; Bourgeois, Jo- Science, v. 236, no. 4804, p. 942-944. anne; Palmer, S. P.; and others, 1995, Summary of Describes geologic evidence for great earthquakes coastal geologic evidence for past great earthquakes along the Pacific coast of Washington State: repeated at the Cascadia subduction zone: Earthquake Spectra, episodes of the rapid subsidence of vegetated coastal v. 11, no. 1, p. 1-18. areas topped with what appear to be tsunami-generated A thorough review of the geologic evidence of great sand layers. An early, seminal study of evidence of great earthquakes on the Cascadia subduction zone, from the earthquakes along the Cascadia subduction zone. research conducted from 1985 through 1995. Includes Recommended for local planners, emergency manag- an excellent bibliography. ers, public libraries, and high school/college libraries. Highly recommended for geologists, local planners, Atwater, B. F., 1992, Geologic evidence for earthquakes emergency managers, public libraries, and college libraries. during the past 2,000 years along the Copalis River, southern coastal Washington: Journal of Geophysical Berkman, S. C.; Symons, J. M., 1960?, The tsunami of Research, v. 97, no. B2, p. 1901-1919. May 22, 1960 as recorded at tide stations: U.S. Coast A thorough examination of the evidence for several pre- and Geodetic Survey, 69 p. historic earthquakes in deposits in the Copalis River es- Tide gage readings for this tsunami from around the Pa- tuary, WA. cific Ocean, including the stations at Neah Bay, Friday Recommended for local planners, emergency manag- Harbor, and Echo Bay. ers, public libraries, and college libraries. 8 OPEN FILE REPORT 98-4

Bucknam, R. C.; Leopold, E. B.; Hemphill-Haley, Eileen; Briefly discusses Judge James Swan’s 1868 account of Ekblaw, D. E.; Atwater, B. F.; Benson, B. E.; Phipps, the Makah’s tradition of a great flood at Neah Bay and J. B., 1994, Holocene tectonics in western Washing- the possibility that it was a tsunami. ton. In Swanson, D. A.; Haugerud, R. A., editors, Recommended for local planners, emergency manag- Geologic field trips in the Pacific Northwest: Univer- ers, public libraries, and high school/college libraries. sity of Washington Department of Geological Sci- ences, v. 2, p. 2C 1-15. Hebenstreit, G. T.; Murty, T. S., 1989, Tsunami amplitudes from local earthquakes in the Pacific Northwest Guidebook for field trips to specific locations in the region of North America; Part 1—The outer coast: Puget Lowland and the Pacific coast that have evidence of ancient earthquakes. Marine Geodesy, v. 13, no. 2, p. 101-146. Highly recommended for geologists, local planners, gov- A computer model of the maximum size of tsunamis gen- ernment officials, and emergency managers. Should be erated by earthquakes along the Pacific coasts of British held at public and college libraries. Columbia, Washington, and Oregon. The results showed that large tsunami amplitudes can occur on the Good, J. W., 1995, Tsunami education planning work- outer coast. shop findings and recommendations: U.S. National Recommended for local planners, emergency manag- Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Pacific Ma- ers, and college libraries. rine Environmental Laboratory NOAA Technical Memorandum ERL PMEL-106, 41 p. Hemphill-Haley, Eileen, 1995, Diatom evidence for earthquake-induced subsidence and tsunami 300 yr Recommends specific actions to improve public awareness and agency cooperation. ago in southern coastal Washington: Geological Soci- ety of America Bulletin, v. 107, no. 3, p. 367-378. Required reading for all tsunami-area local planners and emergency managers; should be deposited in all These single-celled aquatic plants in tsunami deposits tsunami-area public and college libraries. provide compelling new evidence for tsunami research. Good, J. W.; Ridlington, S. S., editors, 1992, Coastal Hemphill-Haley, Eileen, 1996, Diatoms as an aid in iden- natural hazards—Science, engineering, and public tifying late-Holocene tsunami deposits: Holocene, policy: Oregon Sea Grant Program, 162 p. v. 6, no. 4, p. 439-448. Excellent papers about coastal hazards from earth- These single-celled aquatic plants in tsunami deposits quakes, tsunamis, landslides, and erosion, as well as provide compelling new evidence for tsunami research. papers about coastal engineering and public policy. Fo- cuses on the Pacific coast of Oregon, with applications Hogan, D. W.; Whipple, W. W.; Lundy, C., 1964, Tsu- to the entire Cascadia subduction zone. nami of 27 and 28 March, 1964, State of Washington Recommended for local planners, emergency manag- coastline: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers unpublished ers, public libraries, and college libraries. file report, 29 p. Original Corps of Engineers field data of waves heights Heaton, T. H.; Hartzell, S. H., 1987, Earthquake hazards along the Washington coast from the 1964 tsunami. on the Cascadia subduction zone: Science, v. 236, Recommended for local planners, emergency manag- no. 4798, p. 162-168. ers, and college libraries. An overview of the potential seismic hazard from large subduction earthquakes on the Cascadia subduction Houston, J. R., 1979, State-of-the-art for assessing earth- zone. An early, seminal study giving evidence of great quake hazards in the United States; Report 15, Tsuna- earthquakes along the Cascadia subduction zone. mis, seiches, and landslide-induced water waves: U.S. Recommended for local planners, emergency manag- Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station Mis- ers, public libraries, and high school/college libraries. cellaneous Paper S-73-1, 88 p. Heaton, T. H.; Kanamori, Hiroo, 1984, Seismic potential The hydrodynamic consequences from tsunamis, sei- associated with subduction in the northwestern ches, and landslide-induced water waves in the U.S. Fo- cuses on distantly generated tsunamis. (Hazards from United States: Seismological Society of America Bul- locally generated earthquakes on the Cascadia subduc- letin, v. 74, no. 3, p. 933-941. tion zone were not yet recognized when this report was An early, seminal study discussing the possibility of written.) great earthquakes along the Cascadia subduction zone. Recommended for local planners, emergency manag- Recommended for local planners, emergency managers, and college libraries. ers, public libraries, and high school/college libraries. Houston, J. R.; Garcia, A. W., 1978, Type 16 flood insur- Heaton, T. H.; Snavely, P. D., Jr., 1985, Possible tsunami ance study—Tsunami predictions for the west coast of along the northwestern coast of the United States in- the continental United States: U.S. Army Engineer ferred from Indian traditions: Seismological Society Waterways Experiment Station Technical Report of America Bulletin, v. 75, no. 5, p. 1455-1460. H-78-26, 69 p. TSUNAMIS ON THE PACIFIC COAST OF WASHINGTON 9

Runup estimates calculated for most of the U.S. Pacific Recommended for tsunami scientists and college and Coast for distantly generated tsunamis. large public libraries. Recommended for local planners, emergency manag- Lander, J. F.; Lockridge, P. A.; Kozuch, M. J., 1993, Tsu- ers, and college libraries. namis affecting the west coast of the United States, Hutchinson, Ian; McMillan, A. D., 1997, Archaeological 1806–1992: U.S. National Geophysical Data Center evidence for village abandonment associated with Key to Geophysical Records Documentation 29, late Holocene earthquakes at the northern Cascadia 243 p. subduction zone: Quaternary Research, v. 48, no. 1, This exhaustive catalog documents tsunamis that struck p. 79-87. the west coast of the U.S. It gives a scientific description of tsunamis and then describes the various tsunamis by A thorough archaeological study of village sites on Van- region and year. Much of the material is based on local, couver Island, the Neah Bay–Cape Flattery area, and historical, and eyewitness accounts. coast of the Strait of Juan de Fuca. Recommended for tsunami scientists and college and Recommended for local planners, emergency manag- large public libraries. ers, and college libraries. Lockridge, P. A., 1988, Historical tsunamis in the Pacific Jacoby, G. C.; Bunker, D. E.; Benson, B. E., 1997, Tree- Basin. In El-Sabh, M. I.; Murty, T. S., editors, Natural ring evidence for an A.D. 1700 Cascadia earthquake and man-made hazards; Proceedings of the interna- in Washington and northern Oregon: Geology, v. 25, tional symposium held at Rimouski, Quebec, 1986: D. no. 11, p. 999-1002, Data Depository item 9756. Reidel Publishing Co., p. 171-181. Careful tree ring dating provides additional evidence A brief, well-illustrated review of tsunami hazards that a great Cascadia subduction zone earthquake oc- around the Pacific Ocean in the last 100 years. curred in 1700. Recommended for local planners, emergency manag- Jonientz-Trisler, Chris, 1995, Cascadia response to the ers, and college libraries. October 4, 1994 Kurile Islands Mw 8.3 earthquake- induced tsunami warning [abstract]: Eos (American Lockridge, P. A.; Smith, R. H., 1984, Tsunamis in the Pa- Geophysical Union Transactions), v. 76, no. 17, Sup- cific Basin, 1900–1983: U.S. National Geophysical plement, p. S305. Data Center, 1 sheet, scale 1:17,000,000. The actions and reactions of communities and officials Map showing tsunamis around the Pacific Ocean, coded to the 1994 tsunami warning revealed weaknesses in to indicate the type and magnitude of the tsunami- those systems. generating source and the size of the run-up. The accompanying tables give the date, location, source re- Recommended for local planners and emergency man- gion, casualties, and damage of the tsunamis. agers. Recommended for local planners, emergency manag- Kanamori, Hiroo; Heaton, T. H., 1996, The wake of a ers, and college libraries. legendary earthquake: Nature, v. 379, no. 6562, Lockwood, Millington; Elms, J. D.; Lockridge, P. A.; p. 203-204. Moore, G. W.; Nishenko, S. P.; Simkin, Tom; New- A good summary of the evidence for Cascadia subduc- hall, C. G., 1990, Natural hazards map of the Circum- tion zone earthquakes and the 1700 event and tsunami. Pacific region—Pacific Basin sheet: U.S. Geological Recommended as a first introduction to the subjects. Survey Circum-Pacific Map Series CP-35, 1 sheet, scale 1:17,000,000, with 31 p. text. Kerr, R. A., 1995, Faraway tsunami hints at a really big Northwest quake: Science, v. 267, no. 5200, p. 962. Map showing hazards from tsunamis, earthquakes, volcanoes, and storms for the Circum-Pacific region. A general-interest account of the deduction for the date Recommended for local planners, emergency manag- of the 1700 event. ers, and college libraries. Recommended as an introduction to the subject Ng, M. K.-F.; LeBlond, P. H.; Murty, T. S., 1990, Nu- Lander, J. F.; Lockridge, P. A., 1989, United States tsuna- merical simulation of tsunami amplitudes on the coast mis (including United States possessions), 1690– of British Columbia due to local earthquakes: Science 1988: U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Ad- of Tsunami Hazards, v. 8, no. 2, p. 97-127. ministration Publication 41-2, 265 p. Thorough, detailed report of computer simulations of This exhaustive catalog documents tsunamis that struck tsunamis along the Pacific Coast, the Strait of Juan de the U.S. and its territorial possessions since 1690. It Fuca, and Puget Sound. gives a scientific description of tsunamis and then de- Recommended for engineers and for college libraries. scribes the various tsunamis by region and year. Much of the material is based on local, historical, and eyewitness accounts. 10 OPEN FILE REPORT 98-4

Ng, M. K.-F.; LeBlond, P. H.; Murty, T. S., 1990, Simula- In this case study of an earthquake-generated tsunami tion of tsunamis from great earthquakes on the Casca- at Grays Harbor, the authors develop and apply a meth- dia subduction zone: Science, v. 250, no. 4985, odology for an integrated hazard assessment. The tsu- p. 1248-1251. nami is treated as the initiator of a suite of interrelated hazards. An integrated approach can provide relatively A computer model of a tsunami generated by a hypo- accurate loss estimates, and subsequent mitigation ef- thetical earthquake of magnitude 8.5 off Washington forts can be conducted with accuracy and effectiveness. and British Columbia. The calculations quantify the tsu- Highly recommended for local planners, emergency nami risk and identify the factors that would determine managers, public libraries, and college libraries. flooding levels along the adjacent coast, the Strait of Georgia, and Puget Sound. Reinhart, M. A., 1991, Sedimentological analysis of pos- Recommended for local planners, emergency manag- tulated tsunami-generated deposits from Cascadia ers, public libraries, and college libraries. great-subduction earthquakes along southern coastal Oregon Geology, 1997, Center for the Tsunami Inunda- Washington: University of Washington Master of Sci- tion Mapping Effort (TIME) dedicated at Hanfield ence unpublished report, 77 p., plus appendixes. Maine Science Center in Newport: Oregon Geology, Thorough technical analysis of the stratigraphy of shore- v. 59, no. 4, p. 96-97. line sediments that could indicate tsunami-related flooding in the past 1,000 years at Willapa Bay. News report on the opening of this research center, with information about the funding and administration of the Recommended for college libraries and for engineers tsunami research efforts. and geologists. Peterson, C. D.; Priest, G. R., 1996, Paleotsunami Reinhart, M. A.; Bourgeois, Joanne, 1995, A paleohy- barrier-overtopping—One piece of the puzzle [ab- draulic reconstruction of 300-year-old tsunami depos- stract]: Oregon Geology, v. 58, no. 4, p. 96-97. its at Willapa Bay, Washington State [abstract]. In University of Washington Quaternary Research Cen- Brief report on tsunami waves that top coastal barriers, such as dunes. ter, Tsunami deposits—Geologic warnings of future inundation: University of Washington Quaternary Re- Peterson, C. D.; Priest, G. R., 1992, Catastrophic coastal search Center, p. 26. hazards in the Cascadia margin U.S. Pacific North- Brief report that 300-year-old sand sheets at Willapa west. In Good, J. W.; Ridlington, S. S., editors, Bay were more likely deposited by tsunamis than by Coastal natural hazards—Science, engineering, and storm surges. public policy: Oregon Sea Grant Program, p. 33-37. Rogers, A. M.; Walsh, T. J.; Kockelman, W. J.; Priest, G. Describes coastal hazards from the effects of a great R., editors, 1996, Assessing earthquake hazards and subduction zone earthquake (subsidence, liquefaction, and tsunami inundation), as well as beach erosion by reducing risk in the Pacific Northwest: U.S. Geologi- storms. Emphasizes the need for site-specific informa- cal Survey Professional Paper 1560, 306 p., 6 plates. tion for hazard mitigation. This volume includes eleven highly significant papers Recommended for local planners, emergency manag- about earthquakes in the Pacific Northwest. ers, public libraries, and college libraries. Highly recommended for geologists, local planners, emergency managers, public libraries, and college li- Preuss, Jane, 1987, Coastal high hazard mitigation— braries. Comprehensive planning for areas vulnerable to tsunamis. In Association of State Floodplain Managers, Includes: Realistic approaches to better floodplain management; 11th annual conference, Proceedings: Univer- Atwater, B. F., 1996, Coastal evidence for great earth- sity of Colorado Natural Hazards Information Center quakes in western Washington. p. 77-90. Special Publication 18, p. 317-322. A thorough review of the geologic evidence of great earthquakes on the Cascadia subduction zone. Ex- Describes a risk-based urban planning approach that cellent, highly accessible illustrations. balances the needs of industrial and resort waterfront activities with safety and preparedness requirements. Required reading for geologists, local planners, Gives examples from Alaskan and Mexican cities dam- emergency managers; should be deposited in public aged by tsunamis, with applications to Washington and college libraries. coastal towns. Recommended for local planners, emergency manag- Rogers, A. M.; Walsh, T. J.; Kockelman, W. J.; Priest, ers, public libraries, and college libraries. G. R., 1996, Earthquake hazards in the Pacific Northwest—An overview. p. 1-54. Preuss, Jane; Hebenstreit, G. T., 1991, Integrated hazard The introduction to the volume. assessment for a coastal community—Grays Harbor: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 91-441-M, 36 p. TSUNAMIS ON THE PACIFIC COAST OF WASHINGTON 11

Highly recommended for geologists, local planners, A letter questioning the validity of the model indicating emergency managers, public libraries, and college that the Japanese tsunami of 1700 was caused by an libraries. event on the Cascadia subduction zone. Recommended for tsunami modelers. Walsh, T. J., 1996, An introduction to earthquakes sources of the Pacific Northwest. p. 71-74. Synolakis, C. E.; Liu, Philip; Carrier, George; Yeh, Discusses the general earthquake setting in the Pa- Harry, 1997, Tsunamigenic sea-floor deformations: cific Northwest and summarizes the findings of pa- Science, v. 278, no. 5338, p. 598-600. pers in this volume. Describes some of the variables that complicate tsu- Highly recommended for geologists, local planners, nami modeling, as presented at a 1997 workshop. emergency managers, public libraries, and college Recommended for tsunami modelers. libraries. Thorsen, G. W., 1988, Overview of earthquake-induced Satake, Kenji; Bourgeois, Joanne; Reinhart, M. A., 1994, water waves in Washington and Oregon: Washington Tsunami heights in the Pacific Northwest from Geologic Newsletter, v. 16, no. 4, p. 9-18. Cascadia subduction earthquakes. In Prentice, C. S.; An excellent article about the historic damage and the Schwartz, D. P.; Yeats, R. S., conveners, Proceedings potential hazard from tsunamis in Washington and Ore- of the Workshop on Paleoseismology, 18–22 Septem- gon. ber 1994, Marshall, California: U.S. Geological Sur- Highly recommended for local planners, emergency vey Open-File Report 94-568, p. 163-165. managers, public libraries, and high school and college Computations of crustal deformation and tsunamis for libraries. four hypothetical great earthquakes along the Cascadia subduction zone. The model indicates wave heights of University of Washington Quaternary Research Center, more than 10 meters in some areas from a M9 event. 1995, Tsunami deposits—Geologic warnings of fu- Those computations were then compared to the geo- ture inundation: University of Washington Quater- logic evidence of paleo-tsunamis in coastal and estuar- nary Research Center, 37 p. ine sediments in southwest Washington. Summaries of the 29 papers presented at this 1995 con- Satake, Kenji; Shimazaki, Kunihiko; Tsuji, Yoshinobu; ference. Ueda, Kazue, 1996, Time and size of a giant earth- Urban Regional Research, 1988, Planning for risk— quake in Cascadia inferred from Japanese tsunami Comprehensive planning for tsunami hazard areas: records of January 1700: Nature, v. 379, no. 6562, National Science Foundation, 246 p. p. 246-249. A thorough examination of land-use planning in tsunami From careful analysis of historical records of tsunami in- risk areas. Includes chapters on risk assessment, risk undation in Japan, this report points to a precise time for reduction, and implementation. Gives examples from the most recent major event on the Cascadia subduction tsunamis experiences in Alaska and Mexico, and others zone: about 9 p.m., January 26, 1700. areas (including Grays Harbor). Highly recommended for local planners and emergency Highly recommended for local planners, emergency managers; should be held at public and college libraries. managers, public libraries, and college libraries. Schatz, C. E., 1965, Source and characteristics of the tsu- Washington Highways, 1964, Tidal wave rips coast, nami observed along the coast of the Pacific North- highways: Washington Highways, v. 11, no. 5, p. 2-3. west on March 28, 1964: Oregon State University Master of Science thesis, 39 p. Report of the damage along the Washington coast from the 1964 tsunami. The mechanism and effects of the 1964 tsunami along Recommended for local planners, emergency manag- the Pacific Coast. ers, public libraries, high school/college libraries. Recommended for local planners, emergency managers, and college libraries. Whitmore, P. M., 1993, Expected tsunami amplitudes and currents along the North American coast for Cascadia Sokolowski, T. J., 1996, Realignment of services in the subduction zone earthquakes: Natural Hazards, v. 8, Tsunami Warning System [abstract]: PanPacific Haz- no. 1, p. 59-73. ard ‘96, Abstracts [downloaded Sept. 28, 1996, from http://hoshi.cic.sfu.ca/~anderson/hazards96/], 1 p. Estimates of tsunami wave heights for 131 sites along the North American coast for tsunamis generated by Description of recent technical enhancements at the Cascadia subduction zone earthquakes. Alaska Tsunami Warning Center. Recommended for tsunami modelers. Synolakis, C. E., 1995, Tsunami prediction [letter]: Sci- ence, v. 270, no. 5233, p. 15-16. 12 OPEN FILE REPORT 98-4

Whitmore, P. M.; Sokolowski, T. J., 1996, Predicting tsu- Recommended for tsunami modelers. nami amplitudes along the North American coast from tsunamis generated in the northwest Pacific Witten, Don, 1984, Tsunami—A wave like no others: Ocean during tsunami warnings: Science of Tsunami NOAA, v. 14, no. 2, p. 14-17. Hazards, v. 14, no. 3, p. 147-166. A general discussion of the Tsunami Warning System. Estimates of tsunami wave heights on the Pacific coast from earthquakes in Japan and other areas of the northwestern Pacific Ocean.

V. WORKS ABOUT TSUNAMI HAZARDS IN PUGET SOUND

Atwater, B. F.; Moore, A. L., 1992, A tsunami about 1000 Dinkelman, Lisa; Holmes, M. L., 1993, Wild waves— years ago in Puget Sound, Washington: Science, Tsunamis in Puget Sound [abstract]. In University of v. 258, no. 5088, p. 1614-1617. Washington Quaternary Research Center, Large One of six reports in this issue of Science that discuss earthquakes and active faults in the Puget Sound re- the paleoseismic evidence for an earthquake about gion: University of Washington Quaternary Research 1,100 years ago on what is now called the Seattle fault. Center, [1 p., unpaginated]. This article describes sand layers in Seattle and on A brief description of a computer model of the underwa- Whidbey Island that may have been deposited by a tsu- ter movement caused by earthquake on the Seattle fault nami generated by that earthquake. 1,100 years ago. This model was then used to generate Bourgeois, Joanne; Johnson, S. Y., 1997, Paleoseismo- a numerical simulation of the resulting tsunami and to estimate the potential wave heights and wave-train peri- logic evidence in the Snohomish delta north of Seat- ods along several locations on Puget Sound. tle, Washington State, USA [abstract]: Eos (American Geophysical Union Transactions), v. 78, no. 46, Sup- Garcia, A. W.; Houston, J. R., 1975, Type 16 flood insur- plement, p. F441. ance study—Tsunami predictions for Monterey and Exposed banks in the lower Snohomish River delta be- San Francisco Bays and Puget Sound: U.S. Army En- tween Everett and Marysville show evidence of at least gineer Waterways Experiment Station, Technical Re- two liquefaction episodes and one tsunami deposit port H-75-17, 1 v. within the last 1,500 years. A thorough study conducted to determine 100- and 500- Bucknam, R. C.; Leopold, E. B.; Hemphill-Haley, Eileen; year runup due to tsunamis of distant origin for the Strait of Juan de Fuca, Puget Sound, and areas of the Califor- Ekblaw, D. E.; Atwater, B. F.; Benson, B. E.; Phipps, nia coast. J. B., 1994, Holocene tectonics in western Washing- ton. In Swanson, D. A.; Haugerud, R. A., editors, Hemphill-Haley, Eileen, 1996, Diatoms as an aid in iden- Geologic field trips in the Pacific Northwest: Univer- tifying late-Holocene tsunami deposits: Holocene, sity of Washington Department of Geological Sci- v. 6, no. 4, p. 439-448. ences, v. 2, p. 2C 1-15. These single-celled aquatic plants in tsunami deposits Guidebook for field trips to specific locations in the provide compelling new evidence for tsunami research. Puget Lowland and the Pacific coast that have evidence of ancient earthquakes. Holmes, M. L.; Dinkelman, Lisa, 1993, Modeling paleot- sunamis in Puget Sound, Washington [abstract]: Geo- Highly recommended for geologists, local planners, government officials, and emergency managers. Should be logical Society of America Abstracts with Programs, held at public and college libraries. v. 25, no. 6, p. A-289–A-290. A brief description of a computer model to assess the po- Chleborad, A. F.; Schuster, R. L., 1990, Ground failure tential of damaging tsunamis or seiches from earth- associated with the Puget Sound region earthquakes quakes on the Seattle fault or from other earthquakes in of April 13, 1949, and April 29, 1965: U.S. Geological the Puget Lowland. Survey Open-File Report 90-687, 136 p., 5 pl. Huntley, D. J.; Clague, J. J., 1996, Optical dating of A thorough examination of the landslides, liquefaction, tsunami-laid sands: Quaternary Research, v. 46, no. 2, and other ground failures associated with the 1949 and 1965 earthquakes. The 1949 earthquake probably trig- p. 127-140. gered a landslide at the Tacoma Narrows that caused an A new dating technique is tested on tsunami deposits on 8-foot-high tsunami in Puget Sound. Vancouver Island and in Cultus Bay. Recommended for geologists. TSUNAMIS ON THE PACIFIC COAST OF WASHINGTON 13

Lander, J. F.; Lockridge, P. A., 1989, United States tsuna- can occur on the outer coast, inside the GFP system, no mis (including United States possessions), 1690– major tsunami will result unless the earthquake occurs 1988: U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Ad- in the system itself. ministration Publication 41-2, 265 p. Recommended for local planners, emergency managers, and college libraries. This exhaustive catalog documents tsunamis that have struck the U.S. and its territorial possessions since Ng, M. K.-F.; LeBlond, P. H.; Murty, T. S., 1990, Nu- 1690. It gives a scientific description of tsunamis and then describes the various tsunamis by region and year. merical simulation of tsunami amplitudes on the coast Much of the material is based on local, historical, and of British Columbia due to local earthquakes: Science eyewitness accounts. of Tsunami Hazards, v. 8, no. 2, p. 97-127. Recommended for college and large public libraries. Thorough, detailed report of computer simulations of tsunamis along the Pacific Coast, the Strait of Juan de Lewarch, D. E.; Stein, J. K.; Larson, L. L., 1994, Use of Fuca, and Puget Sound. the West Point, Seattle archaeological sequence to Recommended for engineers and for college libraries. date late Holocene sea level rise and earthquake events in S. Puget Sound [abstract]: Geological Soci- Ng, M. K.-F.; LeBlond, P. H.; Murty, T. S., 1990, Simula- ety of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 26, no. 7, tion of tsunamis from great earthquakes on the p. A-157. Cascadia subduction zone: Science, v. 250, no. 4985, An archaeological site in Seattle helps to date the 1,000 p. 1248-1251. to 1,100 year earthquake and accompanying tsunami. A computer model of a tsunami generated by a hypothetical earthquake of magnitude 8.5 off Washington Mohrig, D. C.; Moore, A. L., 1995, Reconstructing the and British Columbia. The calculations quantify the tsu- depth and velocity of flow associated with deposition nami risk and identify the factors that would determine of suspended sediment during tsunami runup flooding levels along the adjacent coast, the Strait of [abstract]. In University of Washington Quaternary Georgia, and Puget Sound. Research Center, Tsunami deposits—Geologic warn- Recommended for local planners, emergency manag- ings of future inundation: University of Washington ers, public libraries, and college libraries. Quaternary Research Center, p. 25. Sherrod, B. L., 1995, Microfossil comparisons from two A brief report on the tsunami deposits in Cultus Bay. suspected tsunami deposits in Puget Sound, Washing- ton [abstract]. In University of Washington Quater- Moore, A. L., 1993, Evidence for a tsunami in Puget nary Research Center, Tsunami deposits—Geologic Sound [abstract]. In University of Washington Qua- warnings of future inundation: University of Wash- ternary Research Center, Large earthquakes and ac- ington Quaternary Research Center, p. 16. tive faults in the Puget Sound region: University of Washington Quaternary Research Center, [1 p., un- Brief report of research to date and identify tsunami de- paginated]. posits on Whidbey Island. A brief report on the sand layers in Seattle and on Whid- Thorsen, G. W., 1988, Overview of earthquake-induced bey Island that may have been deposited by a tsunami water waves in Washington and Oregon: Washington generated by the earthquake 1,100 years ago on the Se- Geologic Newsletter, v. 16, no. 4, p. 9-18. attle fault. An excellent article about the historic damage and the Moore, A. L.; Mohrig, D. C., 1994, Size estimate of a potential hazard from tsunamis in Washington and Ore- 1000-year-old Puget Sound tsunami [abstract]: Geo- gon. logical Society of America Abstracts with Programs, Highly recommended for local planners, emergency v. 26, no. 7, p. A-522–A-523. managers, public libraries, and high school and college libraries. A brief summary of tsunami deposits at Cultus Bay. Troost, K. G., 1994, Dating earthquakes, subsidence, and Murty, T. S.; Hebenstreit, G. T., 1989, Tsunami ampli- sea level rise, using archaeological data at West Point, tudes from local earthquakes in the Pacific Northwest Seattle, Washington [abstract]: Geological Society of region of North America, Part 2—Strait of Georgia, America Abstracts with Programs, v. 26, no. 7, Juan de Fuca Strait, and Puget Sound: Marine Geod- p. A-157. esy, v. 13, no. 3, p. 189-209. An archaeological site in Seattle helps to date the 1,000 A computer model of the maximum size of tsunamis gen- to 1,100-year-old earthquake and accompanying tsu- erated by earthquakes along the Strait of Georgia, Strait nami. of Juan de Fuca, and in Puget Sound (GFP model). The results showed that whereas large tsunami amplitudes 14 OPEN FILE REPORT 98-4

VI. WORKS ABOUT TSUNAMI HAZARDS IN THE STRAIT OF JUAN DE FUCA

Garcia, A. W.; Houston, J. R., 1975, Type 16 flood insur- scientific description of tsunamis and then describes ance study—Tsunami predictions for Monterey and the various tsunamis by region and year. Much of the San Francisco Bays and Puget Sound: U.S. Army En- material is based on local, historical, and eyewitness gineer Waterways Experiment Station, Technical Re- accounts. port H-75-17, 1 v. Recommended for college and large public libraries. A thorough study conducted to determine 100- and 500- year runup due to tsunamis of distant origin for the Strait Murty, T. S.; Hebenstreit, G. T., 1989, Tsunami ampli- of Juan de Fuca, Puget Sound, and areas of the Califor- tudes from local earthquakes in the Pacific Northwest nia coast. region of North America, Part 2—Strait of Georgia, Recommended for local planners, emergency manag- Juan de Fuca Strait, and Puget Sound: Marine Geod- ers, and college libraries. esy, v. 13, no. 3, p. 189-209. A computer model of the maximum size of tsunamis gen- Hutchinson, Ian; McMillan, A. D., 1997, Archaeological erated by earthquakes along the Strait of Georgia, Strait evidence for village abandonment associated with late of Juan de Fuca, and in Puget Sound (GFP model). The Holocene earthquakes at the northern Cascadia sub- results showed that whereas large tsunami amplitudes duction zone: Quaternary Research, v. 48, no. 1, can occur on the outer coast, inside the GFP system, no p. 79-87. major tsunami will result unless the earthquake occurs in the system itself. A thorough archaeological study of village sites on Van- couver Island, the Neah Bay-Cape Flattery area, and Recommended for local planners, emergency manag- coast of the Strait of Juan de Fuca. ers, and college libraries. Recommended for local planners, emergency manag- Ng, M. K.-F.; LeBlond, P. H.; Murty, T. S., 1990, Nu- ers, and college libraries. merical simulation of tsunami amplitudes on the coast Barlow, D. P., 1993, Tsunami hazards—A background to of British Columbia due to local earthquakes: Science regulation: British Columbia Ministry of Environ- of Tsunami Hazards, v. 8, no. 2, p. 97-127. ment, Lands and Parks, Floodplain Management Thorough, detailed report of computer simulations of Branch, 48 p. tsunamis along the Pacific Coast, the Strait of Juan de Fuca, and Puget Sound. An overview of information about Pacific coast tsunamis and the means of limiting damage as a background to Recommended for engineers and for college libraries. development of tsunami flood damage reduction poli- Thorsen, G. W., 1988, Overview of earthquake-induced cies for the British Columbia coast. water waves in Washington and Oregon: Washington Highly recommended for local planners and emergency Geologic Newsletter, v. 16, no. 4, p. 9-18. managers. An excellent article about the historic damage and the Lander, J. F.; Lockridge, P. A., 1989, United States tsuna- potential hazard from tsunamis in Washington and Ore- mis (including United States possessions), 1690– gon. 1988: U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Ad- Highly recommended for local planners, emergency ministration Publication 41-2, 265 p.This exhaustive managers, public libraries, and high school and college catalog documents tsunamis that have struck the U.S. libraries. and its territorial possessions since 1690. It gives a TSUNAMIS ON THE PACIFIC COAST OF WASHINGTON 15

VII. WORKS ABOUT TSUNAMI HAZARDS IN OTHER PARTS OF THE CASCADIA SUBDUCTION ZONE

Ansevin, Andrea; Good, J. W., 1993, A strategy for im- Tide gage readings for this tsunami from around the Pa- proving coastal natural hazards management—Ore- cific Ocean, including the stations at Neah Bay, Friday gon’s policy working group approach. In Magoon, O. Harbor, and Echo Bay. T.; Wilson, W. S.; Converse, Hugh; Tobin, L. T., edi- Bobrowsky, P. T.; Clague, J. J., 1995, Tsunami deposits tors, Coastal zone ‘93; Proceedings of the 8th sympo- beneath tidal marshes on Vancouver Island, British sium on coastal and ocean management: American Columbia, Canada [abstract]. In University of Society of Civil Engineers, v. 3, p. 2829-2841. Washington Quaternary Research Center, Tsunami Describes the coastal natural hazards in Oregon, how deposits—Geologic warnings of future inundation: the present coastal policies are working, and how prob- University of Washington Quaternary Research Cen- lems with the current framework are being addressed. ter, p. 12. Atwater, B. F.; Nelson, A. R.; Clague, J. J.; Carver, G. A.; Brief report of current research to identify tsunami de- Yamaguchi, D. K.; Bobrowsky, P. T.; Bourgeois, Jo- posits on Vancouver Island. anne; Palmer, S. P.; and others, 1995, Summary of Carver, D. H.; Carver, G. A., 1996, Earthquake and thun- coastal geologic evidence for past great earthquakes der—Native oral histories of paleoseismicity along at the Cascadia subduction zone: Earthquake Spectra, the southern Cascadia subject zone [abstract]: Geo- v. 11, no. 1, p. 1-18. logical Society of America Abstracts with Programs, A thorough review of the geologic evidence of great v. 28, no. 5, p. 54. earthquakes on the Cascadia subduction zone, from the research conducted from 1985 through 1995. Includes Great subduction earthquakes are part of the oral his- an excellent bibliography of that work. tory and tradition of southern Cascadia coastal tribes. Those stories include accounts of a strong subduction Highly recommended for geologists, local planners, zone earthquake that produced strong shaking, after- emergency managers, public libraries, and college li- shocks, liquefaction, coseismic subsidence, and tsu- braries. nami inundation. Barlow, D. P., 1993, Tsunami—Annotated bibliography; Recommended for local planners and emergency man- Version 2: British Columbia Ministry of Environ- agers. ment, Lands and Parks, Floodplain Management Carver, G. A.; Peterson, C. D.; Garrison, C. E.; Koehler, Branch, 36 p. R., 1996, Paleotsunami evidence of subduction earth- A very thorough annotated bibliography about tsunami quakes from northern California [abstract]: Geologi- hazards in British Columbia, tsunami modeling, flood in- cal Society of America Abstracts with Programs, surance, floodplain management, and coastal zone v. 28, no. 5, p. 55. management. Cores from about 40 marsh sites show at least 10 prehis- This exhaustive catalog documents tsunamis that have toric tsunami sand layers in peaty sediments that span struck the U.S. and its territorial possessions since about 2,000 years. 1690. It gives a scientific description of tsunamis and then describes the various tsunamis by region and year. Clague, J. J., 1991, Natural hazards. In Gabrielse, H.; Much of the material is based on local, historical, and Yorath, C. J., editors, Geology of the Cordilleran oro- eyewitness accounts. gen in Canada: Geological Survey of Canada Geology Recommended for college and large public libraries. of Canada 4; Geological Society of America DNAG Benson, B. E.; Grimm, K. A.; Clague, J. J., 1997, Tsu- Geology of North America, v. G-2, p. 803-815. nami deposits beneath tidal marshes on northwestern An overview of the earthquake, landslide, tsunami, and Vancouver Island, British Columbia: Quaternary Re- volcanic hazards in western Washington and British Co- search, v. 48, no. 2, p. 192-204. lumbia. This thorough study found that two sand sheets underly- Clague, J. J., 1995, Early historical and ethnographical ing marsh sediments on northern Vancouver Island accounts of large earthquakes and tsunamis on west- were probably deposited by tsunamis. The lower layer ern Vancouver Island, British Columbia: Geological may be associated with an event about 1700 off the Survey of Canada Current Research 1995-A, p. 47-50. coast of Washington. The oral histories of tribes in British Columbia include Recommended for geologists. accounts of great earthquakes and tsunamis; three such Berkman, S. C.; Symons, J. M., 1960?, The tsunami of accounts are given in full. May 22, 1960 as recorded at tide stations: U.S. Coast Recommended for local planners and emergency man- and Geodetic Survey, 69 p. agers. 16 OPEN FILE REPORT 98-4

Clague, J. J.; Bobrowsky, P. T., 1994, Evidence for a A computer model of the maximum size of tsunamis large earthquake and tsunami 100–400 years ago on generated by earthquakes along the Pacific coasts of western Vancouver Island, British Columbia: Quater- British Columbia, Washington, and Oregon. The results nary Research, v. 41, no. 2, p. 176-184. showed that large tsunami amplitudes can occur on the outer coast. A thorough report on the geologic evidence for a large Recommended for local planners, emergency manag- event on western Vancouver Island. The coastal sites ers, and college libraries. had evidence of subsidence, tsunami deposits, and uplift. Hemphill-Haley, Eileen, 1996, Diatoms as an aid in iden- Recommended for geologists. tifying late-Holocene tsunami deposits: Holocene, v. 6, no. 4, p. 439-448. Clague, J. J.; Bobrowsky, P. T.; Hutchinson, I.; Math- ewes, R. W., 1998, Geological evidence for past large These single-celled aquatic plants in tsunami deposits earthquakes in southwest British Columbia. In Geo- provide compelling new evidence for tsunami research. logical Survey of Canada, Cordillera and Pacific Mar- Hull, D. A.; Karel, Angie, 1997, Strategy for tsunami gin: Geological Survey of Canada Current Research mitigation and public awareness: Oregon Department 1998-A, p. 217-224. of Geology and Mineral Industries, 1 v. A report on the geologic evidence of earthquakes, subsi- Addresses the tsunami mitigation and public awareness dence, and tsunamis, in many locations on Vancouver efforts in Oregon. Island. Highly recommended for state and local planners, legis- Recommended for geologists, local planners, and emer- lators, and emergency managers. gency managers. Humboldt Earthquake Education Center, 1995, Living on Darienzo, M. E.; Peterson, C. D., 1990, Episodic tectonic shaky ground—How to survive earthquakes and tsu- subsidence of late Holocene salt marshes, northern namis on the North Coast: Humboldt Earthquake Edu- Oregon central Cascadia margin: Tectonics, v. 9, cation Center, 24 p. no. 1, p. 1-22. An excellent consumer guide for understanding earth- Six events of marsh burial in the last several thousand quakes and tsunamis of the Cascadia subduction zone. years are recorded in subsurface deposits in Netarts Highly recommended for local planners and emergency Bay, Oregon. Five of these include tsunami deposits or managers. tidal mud flat deposits. Recommended for local planners, emergency manag- Huntley, D. J.; Clague, J. J., 1996, Optical dating of ers, and college libraries. tsunami-laid sands: Quaternary Research, v. 46, no. 2, p. 127-140. Good, J. W., 1995, Tsunami education planning workshop findings and recommendations: U.S. National A new dating technique is tested on tsunami deposits on Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Pacific Ma- Vancouver Island and in Cultus Bay. rine Environmental Laboratory NOAA Technical Recommended for geologists. Memorandum ERL PMEL-106, 41 p. Hutchinson, Ian; McMillan, A. D., 1997, Archaeological Recommends specific actions to improve public aware- evidence for village abandonment associated with ness and agency cooperation. late Holocene earthquakes at the northern Cascadia Required reading for all tsunami-area local planners and subduction zone: Quaternary Research, v. 48, no. 1, emergency managers; should be deposited in all p. 79-87. tsunami-area public and college libraries. A thorough archaeological study of village sites on Van- Good, J. W.; Ridlington, S. S., editors, 1992, Coastal couver Island, the Neah Bay–Cape Flattery area, and natural hazards—Science, engineering, and public coast of the Strait of Juan de Fuca. policy: Oregon Sea Grant Program, 162 p. Recommended for local planners, emergency managers, and college libraries. Excellent papers about coastal hazards from earthquakes, tsunamis, landslides, and erosion, as well as Jacoby, G. C.; Bunker, D. E.; Benson, B. E., 1997, Tree- papers about coastal engineering and public policy. Fo- ring evidence for an A.D. 1700 Cascadia earthquake cuses on the Pacific coast of Oregon, with applications in Washington and northern Oregon: Geology, v. 25, to the entire Cascadia subduction zone. no. 11, p. 999-1002, Data Depository item 9756. Recommended for local planners, emergency managers, public libraries, and college libraries. Careful tree ring dating provides additional evidence that a great Cascadia subduction zone earthquake oc- Hebenstreit, G. T.; Murty, T. S., 1989, Tsunami ampli- curred in 1700. tudes from local earthquakes in the Pacific Northwest region of North America; Part 1—The outer coast: Marine Geodesy, v. 13, no. 2, p. 101-146. TSUNAMIS ON THE PACIFIC COAST OF WASHINGTON 17

Kanamori, Hiroo; Heaton, T. H., 1996, The wake of a Recommended for local planners and emergency man- legendary earthquake: Nature, v. 379, no. 6562, agers. p. 203-204. Nelson, A. R.; Kelsey, H. M.; Hemphill-Haley, Eileen; A good summary of the evidence for Cascadia subduc- Witter, R. C., 1996, A 7500-yr lake record of Casca- tion zone earthquakes and the 1700 event and tsunami. dia tsunamis in southern coastal Oregon [abstract]: Recommended as a first introduction to the subjects. Geological Society of America Abstracts with Pro- grams, v. 28, no. 5, p. 95. Kelsey, H. M.; Nelson, A. R.; Hemphill-Haley, Eileen, 1995, Properties and depositional characteristics of A brief report on a 7,500-year record of tsunami deposits tsunamis in south coastal Oregon from a paired in coastal lakes of Oregon. Such lake records reflect more uniform and continuous sedimentation and have coastal-lake and marsh study [abstract]. In University stronger contrasts between marine and freshwater fos- of Washington Quaternary Research Center, Tsunami sils than do stratigraphic records from tidal marshes. deposits—Geologic warnings of future inundation: University of Washington Quaternary Research Cen- Ng, M. K.-F.; LeBlond, P. H.; Murty, T. S., 1992, Tsu- ter, p. 20. nami threat to the Pacific coast of Canada due to local earthquakes: Natural Hazards, v. 5, no. 2, p. 205-210. A brief comparison of tsunami deposits in a coastal lake and a coastal estuary in Oregon. Computer modeling for tsunami hazard from a hypothetical earthquake on the northern Cascadia subduc- Kerr, R. A., 1995, Faraway tsunami hints at a really big tion zone. Northwest quake: Science, v. 267, no. 5200, p. 962. Recommended for local planners and emergency man- A general-interest account of the deduction for the date agers. of the 1700 event. Obee, Bruce, 1989, Tsunami!: Canadian Geographic, Recommended as a first introduction to the subject v. 109, no. 1, p. 46-53. Lander, J. F.; Lockridge, P. A., 1989, United States tsuna- A popular report about tsunamis in British Columbia mis (including United States possessions), 1690– Recommended for local planners, emergency manag- 1988: U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Ad- ers, high school libraries, and public libraries. ministration Publication 41-2, 265 p. Oppenheimer, D. H.; Beroza, G.; Carver, G. A.; Dengler, This exhaustive catalog documents tsunamis that have struck the U.S. and its territorial possessions since L. A.; Eaton, J. P.; Gee, L.; Gonzalez, F.; Jayko, A. S.; 1690. It gives a scientific description of tsunamis and Li, W. H.; Lisowski, Michael; and others, 1993, The then describes the various tsunamis by region and year. Cape Mendocino, California, earthquakes of April Much of the material is based on local, historical, and 1992—Subduction at the triple junction: Science, eyewitness accounts. v. 261, no. 5120, p. 433-438. Recommended for college and large public libraries. In 1992 an earthquake (magnitude 7.1) at Cape Mendo- cino, California occurred at the intersection of three tec- Lander, J. F.; Lockridge, P. A.; Kozuch, M. J., 1993, Tsu- tonic plates at the south end of the Cascadia subduction namis affecting the west coast of the United States, zone, producing coastal uplift and a small tsunami. This 1806–1992: U.S. National Geophysical Data Center earthquake has important implications for the seismic Key to Geophysical Records Documentation 29, hazard of the Cascadia subduction zone region. 243 p. Recommended for local planners and emergency man- This exhaustive catalog documents tsunamis that struck agers. the west coast of the U.S. Gives a scientific description of tsunamis and then describes the various tsunamis by Oregon Geology, 1997, Center for the Tsunami Inunda- region and year. Much of the material is based on local, tion Mapping Effort (TIME) dedicated at Hanfield historical, and eyewitness accounts. Maine Science Center in Newport: Oregon Geology, Recommended for tsunami scientists and college and v. 59, no. 4, p. 96-97. large public libraries. News report on the opening of this research center, with information about the funding and administration of the Murty, T. S.; Crean, P. B., 1986, Numerical simulation of tsunami research efforts. the tsunami of June 23, 1946 in British Columbia, Canada: Science of Tsunami Hazards, v. 4, no. 1, Peterson, C. D.; Darienzo, M. E.; Clough, C. M.; Bap- p. 15-24. tista, A. M., 1991, Paleo-tsunami evidence in northern Oregon bays of the central Cascadia margin—Final Computer model reconstruction of the tsunami that oc- technical progress report: Oregon Department of Ge- curred on Vancouver Island in 1946. The numerically simulated results on the amplitudes of the tsunami ology and Mineral Industries, 31 p. waves and the travel times are in good agreement with A compilation of available evidence of paleo-tsunami the few available observations. deposits from 10 Oregon bays. 18 OPEN FILE REPORT 98-4

Peterson, C. D.; Priest, George, 1992, Catastrophic Brookings quadrangle, Curry County: OFR O-95-65 coastal hazards in the Cascadia margin U.S. Pacific Bullards quadrangle, Coos County: OFR O-95-49 Northwest. In Good, J. W.; Ridlington, S. S., editors, Cape Arago quadrangle, Coos County: Coastal natural hazards—Science, engineering, and OFR O-95-46 public policy: Oregon Sea Grant Program, p. 33-37. Cape Blanco quadrangle, Curry County: Describes coastal hazards from the effects of a great OFR O-95-55 subduction zone earthquake (subsidence, liquefaction, Cape Sebastian quadrangle, Curry County: and tsunami inundation), as well as beach erosion by OFR O-95-61 storms. Emphasizes the need for site-specific information for hazard mitigation. Carpenterville quadrangle, Curry County: OFR O-95-64 Recommended for local planners, emergency managers, public libraries, and college libraries. Cathlamet Bay quadrangle, Clatsop County: OFR O-95-11 Peterson, C. D.; Priest, G. R., 1995, Preliminary recon- Charleston quadrangle, Coos County: OFR O-95-47 naissance survey of Cascadia paleotsunami deposits Coos Bay quadrangle, Coos County: OFR O-95-48 in Yaquina Bay, Oregon: Oregon Geology, v. 57, Depoe Bay quadrangle, Lincoln County: no. 2, p. 33-40. OFR O-95-27 Evidence of tsunami deposits was found in at least 14 Devils Lake quadrangle, Lincoln County: marsh sites in Yaquina Bay, Oregon. For a more exten- OFR O-95-26 sive report on this project, see Priest and others, 1997. Empire quadrangle, Coos County: OFR O-95-44 Peterson, C. D.; Priest, G. R., 1996, Paleotsunami Floras Lake quadrangle, Curry County: barrier-overtopping—One piece of the puzzle [ab- OFR O-95-53 stract]: Oregon Geology, v. 58, no. 4, p. 96-97. Florence quadrangle, Lane County: OFR O-95-37 Brief report on tsunami waves that top coastal barriers, Gearhart quadrangle, Clatsop County: OFR O-95-13 such as dunes. Gold Beach quadrangle, Curry County: OFR O-95-59 Preuss, Jane, 1994, Regional planning implications of Goose Pasteur quadrangle, Lane County: tsunami risk [abstract]: Eos (American Geophysical OFR O-95-36 Union Transactions), v. 75, no. 3, Supplement, p. 25. Heceta Head quadrangle, Lane County: Brief update to Preuss’s ongoing studies of urban plan- OFR O-95-34 ning to reduce tsunami risk. Knappa quadrangle, Clatsop County: OFR O-95-12 Preuss, Jane; Priest, G. R., 1997, Tsunami hazard mitiga- Lakeside quadrangle, Coos and Douglas Counties: tion and counter measures with an example from Ore- OFR O-95-43 gon. In Gusiakov, V. K., editor, Tsunami mitigation Langlois quadrangle, Curry and Coos Counties: and risk assessment—Report of the International OFR O-95-54 Workshop, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskiy, Russia, Lincoln City quadrangle, Lincoln County: August 21–24, 1996: Russian Academy of Sciences, OFR O-95-25 p. 43-46. Mack Point quadrangle, Curry County: Briefly describes four parallel approaches of Oregon’s OFR O-95-63 tsunami hazard mitigation program: public education, in- Mercer Lake quadrangle, Lane County: undation mapping, limiting construction in inundation OFR O-95-35 zones, warning systems. Mount Emily quadrangle, Curry County: Highly recommended for local planners, emergency OFR O-95-66 managers, government officials, citizens, public librar- Nehalem quadrangle, Tillamook County: ies, and college libraries. OFR O-95-17 Priest, G. R., 1995, Tsunami hazard map of the ______Neskowin quadrangle, Tillamook and Lincoln quadrangle, ______County, Oregon: Oregon Depart- Counties: OFR O-95-24 ment of Geology and Mineral Industries Open File Newport North quadrangle, Lincoln County: Report O-95-__, 1 sheet, scale 1:24,000. [Plug in the OFR O-95-28 names and numbers from below.] Newport South quadrangle, Lincoln County: OFR O-95-29 Preliminary inundation maps have been prepared for North Bend quadrangle, Coos County: these coastal quadrangles: OFR O-95-45 Astoria quadrangle, Clatsop County: OFR O-95-10 Ophir quadrangle, Curry County: OFR O-95-58 Bandon quadrangle, Coos County: OFR O-95-51 Olney quadrangle, Clatsop County: OFR O-95-14 Bill Peak quadrangle, Coos County: OFR O-95-52 TSUNAMIS ON THE PACIFIC COAST OF WASHINGTON 19

Port Orford quadrangle, Curry County: Highly recommended for geologists, local planners, OFR O-95-57 emergency managers, public libraries, and college Reedsport quadrangle, Douglas County: libraries. OFR O-95-32 Walsh, T. J., 1996, An introduction to earthquakes Riverton quadrangle, Coos County: OFR O-95-50 sources of the Pacific Northwest. p. 71-74. Signal Buttes quadrangle, Curry County: Discusses the general earthquake setting in the Pacific OFR O-95-60 Northwest and summarizes the findings of papers in this Sixes quadrangle, Curry County: OFR O-95-56 volume. Sundown Mountain quadrangle, Curry County: Highly recommended for geologists, local planners, OFR O-95-62 emergency managers, public libraries, and college li- Tahkenitch Creek quadrangle, Douglas and Lane braries. Counties: OFR O-95-38 Rogers, G. C., 1988, An assessment of the megathrust po- Tidewater quadrangle, Lincoln County: tential of the Cascadia subduction zone: Canadian OFR O-95-32 Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 25, no. 6, p. 844-852. Toledo South quadrangle, Lincoln County: OFR O-95-30 Describes the tectonic setting of the Cascadia subduction zone Waldport quadrangle, Lincoln County: OFR O-95-31 Recommended for local planners, emergency managers, and college libraries. Warrenton quadrangle, Clatsop County: OFR O-95-09 Satake, Kenji; Bourgeois, Joanne; Reinhart, M. A., 1994, Winchester Bay quadrangle, Douglas County: Tsunami heights in the Pacific Northwest from Casca- OFR O-95-31 dia subduction earthquakes. In Prentice, C. S.; Yachats quadrangle, Lincoln and Lane County: Schwartz, D. P.; Yeats, R. S., conveners, Proceedings OFR O-95-33 of the Workshop on Paleoseismology, 18–22 Septem- ber 1994, Marshall, California: U.S. Geological Sur- Priest, G. R., 1997, Update on tsunamic mapping prog- vey Open-File Report 94-568, p. 163-165. ress in Oregon: Oregon Geology, v. 59, no. 4, p. 97. Computations of crustal deformation and tsunamis for News report on the progress of this research. four hypothetical great earthquakes along the Casca- dia subduction zone. The model indicates wave heights Priest, G. R.; Myers, Edward P., III; Baptista, Antonio of more than 10 m in some areas from a M9 event. Those M.; Fleuck, Paul; Wang, Kelin; Kamphaus, Robert computations were then compared to the geologic evi- A.; Peterson, C. D., 1997, Cascadia subduction zone dence of paleo-tsunamis in coastal and estuarine sedi- tsunamis—Hazard mapping at Yaquina Bay, Oregon: ments in southwest Washington. Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Indus- Satake, Kenji; Shimazaki, Kunihiko; Tsuji, Yoshinobu; tries Open-File Report O-97-34, 144 p. Ueda, Kazue, 1996, Time and size of a giant earth- A thorough report on the research project to assess tsu- quake in Cascadia inferred from Japanese tsunami nami hazards at Yaquina Bay, Oregon (funded by the records of January 1700: Nature, v. 379, no. 6562, USGS NEHRP program). p. 246-249. Rogers, A. M.; Walsh, T. J.; Kockelman, W. J.; Priest, G. This report points to a precise time for the most recent R., editors, 1996, Assessing earthquake hazards and major event on the Cascadia subduction zone: about reducing risk in the Pacific Northwest: U.S. Geologi- 9 p.m., January 26, 1700, from careful analysis of his- cal Survey Professional Paper 1560, 306 p., 6 plates. torical records of tsunami inundation in Japan. Highly recommended for local planners and emergency This volume includes eleven highly significant papers managers; should be held at public and college libraries. about earthquakes in the Pacific Northwest. Highly recommended for geologists, local planners, Schatz, C. E., 1965, Source and characteristics of the tsu- emergency managers, public libraries, and college li- nami observed along the coast of the Pacific North- braries. west on March 28, 1964: Oregon State University Includes: Master of Science thesis, 39 p. The mechanism and effects of the 1964 tsunami, along Rogers, A. M.; Walsh, T. J.; Kockelman, W. J.; Priest, the Pacific Coast. G. R., 1996, Earthquake hazards in the Pacific Recommended for local planners, emergency manag- Northwest—An overview. p. 1-54. ers, and college libraries. The introduction to the volume. 20 OPEN FILE REPORT 98-4

Sokolowski, T. J., 1996, Realignment of services in the Brief report of current tsunami planning efforts in coastal Tsunami Warning System [abstract]: PanPacific Haz- Oregon. ard ‘96, Abstracts [downloaded Sept. 28, 1996, from Recommended for local planners and emergency man- http://hoshi.cic.sfu.ca/~anderson/hazards96/], 1 p. agers. Description of technical enhancements at the Alaska White, W. R. H., 1966, The Alaska earthquake— Its ef- Tsunami Warning Center. fect in Canada: Canadian Geographical Journal, v. 72, Synolakis, C. E., 1995, Tsunami prediction [letter]: Sci- no. 6, p. 210-219. ence, v. 270, no. 5233, p. 15-16. A contemporary report on the effects of the tsunami gen- A letter questioning the validity of the model indicating erated by the 1964 Alaska earthquake on the British Co- that the Japanese tsunami of 1700 was caused by an lumbia coast. event on the Cascadia subduction zone. Whitmore, P. M., 1994, Expected tsunami amplitudes off Recommended for tsunami modelers. the Tillamook County, Oregon, coast following a ma- Synolakis, C. E.; Liu, Philip; Carrier, George; Yeh, jor Cascadia subduction zone earthquake: Oregon Ge- Harry, 1997, Tsunamigenic sea-floor deformations: ology, v. 56, no. 3, p. 62-64. Science, v. 278, no. 5338, p. 598-600. Estimates of tsunami wave heights for 131 sites along the North American coast for tsunamis generated by Describes some of the variables that complicate tsu- Cascadia subduction zone earthquakes. nami modeling, as presented at a 1997 workshop. Recommended for tsunami modelers. Recommended for tsunami modelers. Thorsen, G. W., 1988, Overview of earthquake- induced Whitmore, P. M., 1993, Expected tsunami amplitudes and water waves in Washington and Oregon: Washington currents along the North American coast for Cascadia Geologic Newsletter, v. 16, no. 4, p. 9-18. subduction zone earthquakes: Natural Hazards, v. 8, no. 1, p. 59-73. An excellent article about the historic damage and the potential hazard from tsunamis in Washington and Ore- Estimates of tsunami wave heights for 131 sites along gon. the North American coast for tsunamis generated by Cascadia subduction zone earthquakes. Highly recommended for local planners, emergency managers, public libraries, and high school and college Recommended for tsunami modelers. libraries. Whitmore, P. M.; Sokolowski, T. J., 1996, Predicting tsu- University of Washington Quaternary Research Center, nami amplitudes along the North American coast 1995, Tsunami deposits—Geologic warnings of fu- from tsunamis generated in the northwest Pacific ture inundation: University of Washington Quater- Ocean during tsunami warnings: Science of Tsunami nary Research Center, 37 p. Hazards, v. 14, no. 3, p. 147-166. Summaries of the 29 papers presented at this 1995 con- Estimates of tsunami wave heights on the Pacific coast ference. from earthquakes in Japan and other areas of the northwestern Pacific Ocean. Visher, Paul, 1995, Tsunami disaster planning in Clatsop Recommended for tsunami modelers. County, Oregon [abstract]. In University of Washing- ton Quaternary Research Center, Tsunami deposits— Geologic warnings of future inundation: University of Washington Quaternary Research Center, p. 36-37. TSUNAMIS ON THE PACIFIC COAST OF WASHINGTON 21

VIII. WORKS ABOUT TSUNAMI HAZARDS OUTSIDE OF THE CASCADIA SUBDUCTION ZONE

Bourgeois, Joanne; Reinhart, M. A., 1993, Tsunami de- magnitude, the tsunami generation is better explained posits from 1992 Nicaragua event—Implications for by examining the moment magnitude (7.6). The authors interpretation of paleo-tsunami deposits, Cascadia conclude that this was a slow thrust earthquake on a subduction zone [abstract]: Eos (American Geophysi- subduction interface. This has implications for tsunamis cal Union Transactions), v. 74, no. 43, Supplement, along the Cascadia subduction zone. p. 350. Recommended for local planners, emergency managers, public libraries, and college libraries. Tsunami deposits from the 1960 Chilean event and the 1992 Nicaragua event provide significant analogies for Kowalik, Z.; Murty, T. S., 1989, On some future tsunamis Cascadia. in the Pacific Ocean: Natural Hazards, v. 1, no. 4, Boyce, J. A., 1985, Tsunami hazard mitigation— The p. 349-369. Alaskan experience since 1964: University of Wash- Computer modeling of tsunamis generated by earth- ington Master of Arts thesis, 109 p. quakes in the Aleutian Islands and by a major eruption of St. Augustine volcano in Cook Inlet, Alaska. Evaluates the steps taken by state and local government since 1964 to prepare Alaska’s coastal communities for Lander, J. F., 1996, Tsunamis affecting Alaska, 1737– the next tsunami. 1996: U.S. National Geophysical Data Center Key to Highly recommended for local planners, emergency Geophysical Research Documentation 31, 195 p. managers, public libraries, and college libraries. A comprehensive compilation of Alaskan tsunamis. California Governor’s Office of Emergency Services, Lander, J. F.; Lockridge, P. A.; Kozuch, M. J., 1993, Tsu- 1997, Findings and recommendations for mitigating namis affecting the west coast of the United States, the risks of tsunamis in California: California Gover- 1806–1992: U.S. National Geophysical Data Center nor’s Office of Emergency Services, 30 p. Key to Geophysical Records Documentation 29, An excellent action plan for tsunami mitigation in Califor- 243 p. nia. This exhaustive catalog documents tsunamis that struck Highly recommended for local planners, emergency the west coast of the U.S. It gives a scientific description managers, public and college libraries. of tsunamis and then describes the various tsunamis by region and year. Much of the material is based on local, Carte, G. W., 1981, Tsunami hazard and community pre- historical, and eyewitness accounts. paredness in Alaska: U.S. National Oceanic and At- mospheric Administration Technical Memorandum Recommended for tsunami scientists and college and large public libraries. NWS AR-29, 20 p. An evaluation of the tsunami hazard for the Alaskan Preuss, Jane, 1991, Urban planning for tsunami haz- coast, the effectiveness of the Alaska Tsunami Warning ards—Grays Harbor, Washington and Lima, Peru. In System and the level of tsunami preparedness in individ- Brennan, A. M.; Lander, J. F., editors, 2nd UJNR Tsu- ual Alaska coastal communities. nami Workshop, Honolulu, Hawaii, 5–6 November Recommended for local planners, emergency manag- 1990; Proceedings: U.S. National Geophysical Data ers, public libraries, and college libraries. Center Key to Geophysical Records Documentation 24, p. 203-218. Gusiakov, V. K.; Marchuk, A. G., 1997, Estimation of tsunami risk—Case study for the Bering coast of Compares the projected effects of a major tsunami on Kamchatka. In Gusiakov, V. K., editor, Tsunami the cities of Grays Harbor, Washington, and Lima, Peru. mitigation and risk assessment—Report of the Inter- The author uses urban planning methodology that first national Workshop, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskiy, defines the specific tsunami threat, the local vulnerabil- ity patterns, and the secondary hazards, then uses mi- Russia, August 21–24, 1996: Russian Academy of crozonation for risk reduction. Sciences, p. 33-42. Highly recommended for local planners, emergency Gives a mathematical model for tsunami risk. managers, public libraries, and college libraries. Kanamori, Hiroo; Kikuchi, Masayuki, 1993, The 1992 Satake, Kenji; Shimazaki, Kunihiko; Tsuji, Yoshinobu; Nicaragua earthquakes—A slow tsunami earthquake Ueda, Kazue, 1996, Time and size of a giant earth- associated with subducted sediments: Nature, v. 361, quake in Cascadia inferred from Japanese tsunami no. 6414, p. 714-716. records of January 1700: Nature, v. 379, no. 6562, Because the 1992 Nicaragua earthquake generated tsu- p. 246-249. namis were disproportionately large for its surface wave 22 OPEN FILE REPORT 98-4

This report points to a precise time for the most recent Makes strong arguments for improving public aware- major event on the Cascadia subduction zone: about 9 ness of the hazards and improved communication p.m., January 26, 1700, from careful analysis of historic among the public, the scientists, and government agen- records of tsunami inundation in Japan. cies as the best ways to reduce the disastrous effects of Highly recommended for local planners and emergency tsunamis. managers; should be held at public and college libraries. Required reading for all tsunami researchers and planners. Walker, D. A., 1996, Human factors compounding the de- structiveness of future tsunamis: Science of Tsunami Hazards, v. 14, no. 2, p. 79-83.

IX. TSUNAMI MODELS AND MODELING

Barlow, D. P., 1993, Tsunami—Annotated bibliography; Hebenstreit, G. T.; Murty, T. S., 1989, Tsunami ampli- Version 2: British Columbia Ministry of Environ- tudes from local earthquakes in the Pacific Northwest ment, Lands and Parks, Floodplain Management region of North America; Part 1—The outer coast: Branch, 36 p. Marine Geodesy, v. 13, no. 2, p. 101-146. A very thorough annotated bibliography about tsunami A computer model of the maximum size of tsunamis gen- hazards in British Columbia, tsunami modeling, flood in- erated by earthquakes along the Pacific coasts of British surance, flood plain management, and coastal zone Columbia, Washington, and Oregon. The results management showed that large tsunami amplitudes can occur on the Recommended for local planners, emergency manag- outer coast. ers, and college libraries. Recommended for local planners, emergency managers, and college libraries. Brennan, A. M.; Lander, J. F., editors, 1991, 2nd UJNR Tsunami Workshop, Honolulu, Hawaii, 5-6 Novem- Holmes, M. L.; Dinkelman, Lisa, 1993, Modeling paleot- ber 1990; Proceedings: U.S. National Geophysical sunamis in Puget Sound, Washington [abstract]: Geo- Data Center Key to Geophysical Records Documenta- logical Society of America Abstracts with Programs, tion 24, 260 p. v. 25, no. 6, p. A-289–A-290. These papers discuss of tsunami modeling and protec- A brief description of a computer model to assess the po- tive measures. tential of damaging tsunamis or seiches from earthquakes on the Seattle fault or from other earthquakes in The full volume is recommended for modelers and engi- the Puget Lowland. neers. The “protective measures” section is recommended for local planners, emergency managers, and Kowalik, Z.; Murty, T. S., 1989, On some future tsunamis college libraries. in the Pacific Ocean: Natural Hazards, v. 1, no. 4, Dinkelman, Lisa; Holmes, M. L., 1993, Wild waves— p. 349-369. Tsunamis in Puget Sound [abstract]. In University of Computer modeling of tsunamis generated by earth- Washington Quaternary Research Center, Large quakes in the Aleutian Islands and by a major eruption of earthquakes and active faults in the Puget Sound re- St. Augustine volcano in Cook Inlet, Alaska. gion: University of Washington Quaternary Research Lander, J. F.; Yeh, Harry, conveners, 1995, Report of the Center, [1 p., unpaginated]. International Tsunami Measurements Workshop: In- A brief description of a computer model of the underwa- ternational Tsunami Measurements Workshop, 102 p. ter movement caused by earthquake on the Seattle fault 1,100 years ago. This model was then used to generate Includes discussions and recommendations for instru- a numerical simulation of the resulting tsunami and to mentation, modeling, and mitigation. estimate the potential wave heights and wave-train peri- Recommended for local planners and emergency man- ods along several locations on Puget Sound. agers. Gusiakov, V. K.; Marchuk, A. G., 1997, Estimation of Murty, T. S.; Crean, P. B., 1986, Numerical simulation of tsunami risk—Case study for the Bering coast of the tsunami of June 23, 1946 in British Columbia, Kamchatka. In Gusiakov, V. K., editor, Tsunami miti- Canada: Science of Tsunami Hazards, v. 4, no. 1, gation and risk assessment—Report of the Interna- p. 15-24. tional Workshop, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskiy, Computer model reconstruction of the tsunami that oc- Russia, August 21–24, 1996: Russian Academy of curred on Vancouver Island in 1946. The numerically Sciences, p. 33-42. simulated results on the amplitudes of the tsunami waves and the travel times are in good agreement with Gives a mathematical model for tsunami risk. the few available observations. TSUNAMIS ON THE PACIFIC COAST OF WASHINGTON 23

Recommended for local planners and emergency man- Bill Peak quadrangle, Coos County: OFR O-95-52 agers. Brookings quadrangle, Curry County: OFR O-95-65 Murty, T. S.; Hebenstreit, G. T., 1989, Tsunami ampli- Bullards quadrangle, Coos County: OFR O-95-49 tudes from local earthquakes in the Pacific Northwest Cape Arago quadrangle, Coos County: region of North America, Part 2—Strait of Georgia, OFR O-95-46 Juan de Fuca Strait, and Puget Sound: Marine Geod- Cape Blanco quadrangle, Curry County: esy, v. 13, no. 3, p. 189-209. OFR O-95-55 A computer model of the maximum size of tsunamis gen- Cape Sebastian quadrangle, Curry County: OFR erated by earthquakes along the Strait of Georgia, Strait O-95-61 of Juan de Fuca, and in Puget Sound (GFP model). The Carpenterville quadrangle, Curry County: results showed that whereas large tsunami amplitudes OFR O-95-64 can occur on the outer coast, inside the GFP system, no Cathlamet Bay quadrangle, Clatsop County: major tsunami will result unless the earthquake occurs in the system itself. OFR O-95-11 Charleston quadrangle, Coos County: OFR O-95-47 Recommended for local planners, emergency managers, and college libraries. Coos Bay quadrangle, Coos County: OFR O-95-48 Depoe Bay quadrangle, Lincoln County: Ng, M. K.-F.; LeBlond, P. H.; Murty, T. S., 1990, Nu- OFR O-95-27 merical simulation of tsunami amplitudes on the coast Devils Lake quadrangle, Lincoln County: of British Columbia due to local earthquakes: Science OFR O-95-26 of Tsunami Hazards, v. 8, no. 2, p. 97-127. Empire quadrangle, Coos County: OFR O-95-44 Thorough, detailed report of computer simulations of Floras Lake quadrangle, Curry County: tsunamis along the Pacific Coast, the Strait of Juan de OFR O-95-53 Fuca, and Puget Sound. Florence quadrangle, Lane County: OFR O-95-37 Recommended for engineers and for college libraries. Gearhart quadrangle, Clatsop County: OFR O-95-13 Ng, M. K.-F.; LeBlond, P. H.; Murty, T. S., 1990, Simula- Gold Beach quadrangle, Curry County: tion of tsunamis from great earthquakes on the Casca- OFR O-95-59 dia subduction zone: Science, v. 250, no. 4985, Goose Pasteur quadrangle, Lane County: p. 1248-1251. OFR O-95-36 A computer model of a tsunami generated by a hypo- Heceta Head quadrangle, Lane County: thetical earthquake of magnitude 8.5 off Washington OFR O-95-34 and British Columbia. The calculations quantify the tsu- Knappa quadrangle, Clatsop County: OFR O-95-12 nami risk and identify the factors that would determine Lakeside quadrangle, Coos and Douglas Counties: flooding levels along the adjacent coast, the Strait of OFR O-95-43 Georgia, and Puget Sound. Langlois quadrangle, Curry and Coos Counties: Recommended for local planners, emergency manag- OFR O-95-54 ers, public libraries, and college libraries. Lincoln City quadrangle, Lincoln County: Ng, M. K.-F.; LeBlond, P. H.; Murty, T. S., 1992, Tsu- OFR O-95-25 nami threat to the Pacific coast of Canada due to local Mack Point quadrangle, Curry County: earthquakes: Natural Hazards, v. 5, no. 2, p. 205-210. OFR O-95-63 Computer modeling for tsunami hazard from a hypo- Mercer Lake quadrangle, Lane County: thetical earthquake on the northern Cascadia subduc- OFR O-95-35 tion zone. Mount Emily quadrangle, Curry County: Recommended for local planners and emergency man- OFR O-95-66 agers. Nehalem quadrangle, Tillamook County: Priest, G. R., 1995, Tsunami hazard map of the ______OFR O-95-17 quadrangle, ______County, Oregon: Oregon Depart- Neskowin quadrangle, Tillamook and Lincoln ment of Geology and Mineral Industries Open File Counties: OFR O-95-24 Report O-95-__, 1 sheet, scale 1:24,000. [Plug in the Newport North quadrangle, Lincoln County: names and numbers from below.] OFR O-95-28 Newport South quadrangle, Lincoln County: Preliminary inundation maps have been prepared for OFR O-95-29 these coastal quadrangles: North Bend quadrangle, Coos County: Astoria quadrangle, Clatsop County: OFR O-95-10 OFR O-95-45 Bandon quadrangle, Coos County: OFR O-95-51 Ophir quadrangle, Curry County: OFR O-95-58 24 OPEN FILE REPORT 98-4

Olney quadrangle, Clatsop County: OFR O-95-14 heights of more than 10 meters in some areas from a M9 Port Orford quadrangle, Curry County: event. Those computations were then compared to the OFR O-95-57 geologic evidence of paleo-tsunamis in coastal and estuarine sediments in southwest Washington. Reedsport quadrangle, Douglas County: OFR O-95-32 Synolakis, C. E., 1995, Tsunami prediction [letter]: Sci- Riverton quadrangle, Coos County: OFR O-95-50 ence, v. 270, no. 5233, p. 15-16. Signal Buttes quadrangle, Curry County: A letter questioning the validity of the model indicating OFR O-95-60 that the Japanese tsunami of 1700 was caused by an Sixes quadrangle, Curry County: OFR O-95-56 event on the Cascadia subduction zone. Sundown Mountain quadrangle, Curry County: Recommended for tsunami modelers. OFR O-95-62 Synolakis, C. E.; Liu, Philip; Carrier, George; Yeh, Tahkenitch Creek quadrangle, Douglas and Lane Harry, 1997, Tsunamigenic sea-floor deformations: Counties: OFR O-95-38 Science, v. 278, no. 5338, p. 598-600. Tidewater quadrangle, Lincoln County: OFR O-95-32 Describes some of the variables that complicate tsunami modeling, as presented at a 1997 workshop. Toledo South quadrangle, Lincoln County: OFR O-95-30 Recommended for tsunami modelers. Waldport quadrangle, Lincoln County: Whitmore, P. M., 1993, Expected tsunami amplitudes and OFR O-95-31 currents along the North American coast for Cascadia Warrenton quadrangle, Clatsop County: subduction zone earthquakes: Natural Hazards, v. 8, OFR O-95-09 no. 1, p. 59-73. Winchester Bay quadrangle, Douglas County: Estimates of tsunami wave heights for 131 sites along OFR O-95-31 the North American coast for tsunamis generated by Yachats quadrangle, Lincoln and Lane County: Cascadia subduction zone earthquakes. OFR O-95-33 Recommended for tsunami modelers. Satake, Kenji; Bourgeois, Joanne; Reinhart, M. A., 1994, Whitmore, P. M.; Sokolowski, T. J., 1996, Predicting tsu- Tsunami heights in the Pacific Northwest from Cas- nami amplitudes along the North American coast cadia subduction earthquakes. In Prentice, C. S.; from tsunamis generated in the northwest Pacific Schwartz, D. P.; Yeats, R. S., conveners, Proceedings Ocean during tsunami warnings: Science of Tsunami of the Workshop on Paleoseismology, 18–22 Septem- Hazards, v. 14, no. 3, p. 147-166. ber 1994, Marshall, California: U.S. Geological Sur- Estimates of tsunami wave heights on the Pacific coast vey Open-File Report 94-568, p. 163-165. from earthquakes in Japan and other areas of the northwestern Pacific Ocean. Computations of crustal deformation and tsunamis were made for four hypothetical great earthquakes along the Recommended for tsunami modelers. Cascadia subduction zone. The model indicates wave Directory

There are four sections: Listings by individual, organization, state/province, and web page.

LISTINGS BY INDIVIDUAL

Ainsworth, Pat Atwater, Brian F. Bourgeois, Joanne (Jody) Field Service Manager U.S. Geological Survey at the University of Washington American Red Cross University of Washington Department of Geological Sciences P.O. Box 3200 Department of Geological Sciences Box 351310 Portland, OR 97208-3200 Box 351310 Seattle, WA 98195-1310 (503) 284-1234 Seattle, WA 98195-1310 (206) 685-2443 (206) 553-2927 (206) 543-3836 (fax) [shared] Ainsworth, Tom (206) 553-8350 (fax) [email protected] National Weather Service [email protected] Western Region, W/WR1 Briggs, Mike 125 State Street, Room 1311 Aya, Al U.S. Army Engineers Waterways Salt Lake City, UT 84147 Cannon Beach Fire District Experiment Station (801) 524-4000 P.O. Box 121 Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory (801) 524-5246 (fax) Cannon Beach, OR 97110 CEWES - CN-H [email protected] (503) 436-2343 3909 Halls Ferry Road (503) 436-2343 (fax) Vicksburg, MS 39180-6199 Allemand, Jeri (601) 634-2005 Curry County Emergency Services Baptista, Antonio M. (601) 634-3433 (fax) P.O. Box 746 Oregon Graduate Institute [email protected] Gold Beach, OR 97444 P.O. Box 91000 http://bigfoot.cerc.west.army.mil/ (541) 247-7011, ext. 208 Portland, OR 97291-1000 tsu00000.htm (541) 247-2705 (fax) (503) 690-1147 (503) 690-1273 (fax) Bucknam, Robert C. Appelgate, Bruce [email protected] U.S. Geological Survey University of Hawaii Box 25046 MS 966 School of Ocean and Earth Science Bernard, Eddie Federal Center and Technology U.S. National Oceanic and Denver, CO 80225-0046 Honolulu, HI 96822 Atmospheric Administration (303) 273-8566 (808) 956-9720 Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (303) 273-8600 (fax) (808) 956-6530 (fax) 7600 Sand Point Way N.E., Building 3 [email protected] Seattle, WA 98115-0070 Astill, Clifford J. (206) 526-6800 Canning, Doug Program Director (206) 526-6815 (fax) Washington Department of Ecology National Science Foundation [email protected] Shorelands Program Civil and Mechanical Systems Division P.O. Box 47600 4201 Wilson Boulevard, Room 545 Blackford, Michael Olympia, WA 98504-7600 Arlington, VA 22230 Director (360) 407-6781 (703) 306-1362 International Tsunami Information Center [email protected] (703) 306-0291 (fax) Grosvenor Center, Mauka Tower [email protected] [email protected] 737 Bishop Street http://www.wa.gov/ecology Honolulu, HI 96813 (808) 532-6423 (808) 532-5576 (fax) [email protected]

25 26 OPEN FILE REPORT 98-4

Carver, Gary A. Darienzo, Mark E. George, Paul Humboldt State University Oregon Emergency Management Washington State Parks and Department of Geology 595 Cottage Street N.E. Recreation Commission Arcata, CA 95521-8299 Salem, OR 97310 7150 Cleanwater Lane (707) 826-3931 (503) 378-2911, ext. 237 Olympia, WA 98504-2650 (707) 826-5241 (fax) (503) 588-1378 (fax) (360) 902-8540 [email protected] [email protected] (360) 586-5872 (fax) [email protected] Clague, John J. Dengler, Lori Geological Survey of Canada Humboldt State University Goldfinger, Chris Terrain Sciences Division Humboldt Earthquake Education Center Oregon State University Suite 101, 605 Robson Street Department of Geology Department of Geosciences Vancouver, BC V6B 5J3 Canada #1 Harpst Street College of Oceanic and (604) 666-6565 Arcata, CA 95521 Atmospheric Sciences (604) 666-1124 (fax) (707) 826-3115 Burt 136 [email protected] (707) 826-5241 (fax) Corvallis, OR 97331 [email protected] [lad “one” not “el”] (541) 737-3890 Clark, Lou [email protected] Oregon Department of Geology and DeYoung, Bruce Mineral Industries Oregon State University Gonzalez, Frank I. 800 N.E. Oregon Street #28 Extension Sea Grant Tsunami Project Leader Portland, OR 97232 Bexell Hall 209 U.S. National Oceanic and (503) 731-4100 Corvallis, OR 97331-2603 Atmospheric Administration (503) 731-4066 (fax) (541) 737-0695 Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (541) 737-3804 (fax) 7600 Sand Point Way N.E. Cochrane, Guy R. [email protected] Seattle, WA 98125 U.S. Geological Survey (206) 526-6803 Mail Stop 999 Eisner, Richard (206) 526-6485 (fax) 345 Middlefield Road Regional Administrator [email protected] Menlo Park, CA 94025 Governor’s Office of Emergency Services http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/tsunami/ (650) 329-5076 Coastal Region 1300 Clay Street, Suite 400 Good, James W. Cone, Joe Oakland, CA 94612-1425 Oregon State University Assistant Director for Communications (510) 286-0895 COAS Oregon State University (510) 286-0853 (fax) Ocean Administration Bldg 104 Oregon Sea Grant [email protected] Corvallis, OR 97331-5503 402 Kerry Administration Building http://www.oes.ca.gov/ (541) 737-1339 Corvallis, OR 97331 (541) 737-4023 (fax) (541) 737-0756 Ewing, Lesley [email protected] (541) 737-2392 (fax) Associate Civil Engineer [email protected] California Coastal Commission Goodwin, Bob 45 Fremont Street, Suite 2000 University of Washington Crawford, George San Francisco, CA 94105 Washington Sea Grant Program Washington State Military Department (415) 904-5291 3716 Brooklyn Avenue N.E. Emergency Management Division (415) 904-5400 (fax) Seattle, WA 98105 P.O. Box 40955 [email protected] (206) 685-2452 Olympia, WA 98504-0755 (206) 543-1417 (fax) (360) 923-4581 Furumoto, Augustine S. [email protected] (360) 923-4591 (fax) 349 Kekupua Street [email protected] Honolulu, HI 96825 Greene, M. Wayne (808) 395-1485 University of British Columbia Crosson, Robert S. (808) 396-1838 (fax) Disaster Preparedness Resources Center University of Washington [email protected] School of Community and Regional Geophysics Program Planning Box 351650 Gayler, Orville 2206 East Mall Seattle, WA 98195 Oregon Department of Transportation Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3 Canada (206) 543-6505 5th Floor, Transportation Building (604) 822-4218 (206) 543-0489 (fax) Salem, OR 97310-1354 (604) 822-6650 (fax) [email protected] (503) 986-3603 [email protected] (503) 986-4063 (fax) D’Acci, Tim http://www.safety.ubc.ca Washington Department of Ecology Shorelands Program P.O. Box 47600 Olympia, WA 98504-7600 (360) 407-6796 [email protected] TSUNAMIS ON THE PACIFIC COAST OF WASHINGTON 27

Hagemeyer, Richard Holmes, Mark L. Kamphaus, Robert A. U.S. National Oceanic and U.S. Geological Survey at the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration University of Washington Atmospheric Administration NWS Pacific Region School of Oceanography Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory Grosvenor Center, Mauka Tower Seattle, WA 98195 7600 Sand Point Way N.E. 737 Bishop Street, Suite 2200 (206) 543-5060 Seattle, WA 98125 Honolulu, HI 96813 (206) 543-6073 (fax) (206) 526-6485 (fax) (808) 532-6416 [email protected] [email protected] (808) 532-5569 (fax) [email protected] Hull, Donald Kanamori, Hiroo State Geologist and Director California Institute of Technology Hammond, Stephen R. Oregon Department of Geology and Seismology Laboratory U.S. National Oceanic and Mineral Industries 1201 E. California Boulevard Atmospheric Administration 800 N.E. Oregon Street #28, Suite 965 Pasadena, CA 91125 Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory Portland, OR 97232 (626) 395-6914 2115 S.E. OSU Drive (503) 731-4100 (626) 564-0715 (fax) Newport, OR 97365 (503) 731-4066 (fax) (541) 867-0183 [email protected] Kelsey, Harvey M. (541) 867-3907 (fax) Humboldt State University [email protected] Hutcheon, Dick Department of Geology U.S. National Oceanic and Arcata, CA 95521-8299 Hansen, Roger Atmospheric Administration (707) 826-3931 University of Alaska NWS Alaska Region (707) 826-5241 (fax) Geophysical Institute 222 West Seventh Avenue #23 P.O. Box 757320 Anchorage, AK 99513-7575 Komar, Paul D. 903 Koyukuk Drive (907) 271-5136 Oregon State University Fairbanks, AK 99775-7320 (907) 271-3711 (fax) Corvallis, OR 97331 (907) 474-5533 [email protected] (541) 737-5210 (907) 474-5618 (fax) [email protected] [email protected] Jacoby, Gordon C. Columbia University Kulm, LaVerne D. Hart, Roger 500 West 120 Street Oregon State University U.S. National Oceanic and 918 Mudd Building College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration New York, NY 10027 Atmospheric Sciences Hatfield Marine Science Center (212) 894-2905 Burt 252 Newport, OR 97365 (212) 854-3054 (fax) Corvallis, OR 97331 (541) 867-0100 (541) 737-5211 (541) 731-4066 (fax) James, Chuck [email protected] University of California at Berkeley Heaton, Thomas H. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Lander, James L. California Institute of Technology Research Center University of Colorado Mail Code 104-44 1301 S. 46th Street Department of Environmental Sciences Pasadena, CA 91125 Richmond, CA 94804-4698 Boulder, CO 80309 (626) 395-4232 (510) 231-9552 (303) 497-6446 (626) 568-2719 (fax) (510) 231-9471 (fax) (303) 492-1149 (fax) [email protected] Jonientz-Trisler, Chris Lockridge, Patricia Hebenstreit, Gerald T. Earthquake Program Manager National Geophysical Data Center Science Applications International U.S. Federal Emergency Management U.S. National Oceanic and Corporation Agency, Region X Atmospheric Administration 1710 Goodridge Drive 130 228th Street S.W. Code E/GC 1 McLean, VA 22102 Bothell, WA 98021-9796 325 Broadway (703) 827-4975 (425) 487-4645 Boulder, CO 80303 (703) 821-3576 (fax) (425) 487-4613 (fax) (303) 497-6221 [email protected] (303) 497-6513 (fax) Hemphill-Haley, Eileen [email protected] [email protected] U.S. Geological Survey at the http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazard/ University of Oregon Kaminsky, George hazards.html Eugene, OR 97403-1272 Washington Department of Ecology (541) 346-4582 Shorelands Program Ludwin, Ruth S. Coastal Monitoring and Analysis Program University of Washington P.O. Box 47600 Geophysics Program Olympia, WA 98504-7600 Box 351650 (360) 407-6797 Seattle, WA 98195 (360) 407-6535 (fax) (206) 543-4292 [email protected] (206) 543-0489 (fax) [email protected] 28 OPEN FILE REPORT 98-4

MacKay, Mary E. McManus, Dean A. Nishenko, Stuart P. University of Hawaii University of Washington Natural Hazards Research School of Ocean and Earth Science School of Oceanography 1895 Union Drive and Technology Seattle, WA 98195 Lakewood, CO 80215 2525 Correa Road (206) 543-5060 Honolulu, HI 96822 (206) 543-6073 (fax) O’Donnell, Jim California Institute of Technology Malouf, Robert Morton, David Earthquake Engineering Research Library Director University of Colorado Mail Code 104-44 Oregon State University Natural Hazards Research and Pasadena, CA 91125 Oregon Sea Grant Applications Information Center (818) 395-4227 or (818) 395-2199 AdS A500 Campus Box 482 (818) 568-0935 (fax) Corvallis, OR 97331 University of Colorado [email protected] (503) 737-3396 Boulder, CO 80309-0482 (503) 737-2392 (fax) (303) 492-5787 Osis, Vicki [email protected] (303) 492-2151 (fax) Oregon Extension Sea Grant [email protected] Newport, OR 97365 Manson, Connie J. (541) 867-0257 Senior Librarian Myers, Ed [email protected] Washington Division of Geology Oregon Graduate Institute and Earth Resources Library P.O. Box 91000 Palmer, Stephen P. 1111 Washington Street S.E. Portland, OR 97291-1000 Washington Division of Geology P.O. Box 47007 (503) 690-1296 and Earth Resources Olympia, WA 98504-7007 1111 Washington Street S.E. (360) 902-1472 Myers, Mary Fran P.O. Box 47007 (360) 902-1785 (fax) Co-Director Olympia, WA 98504-7007 [email protected] University of Colorado (360) 902-1437 [email protected] Natural Hazards Research and (360) 902-1785 (fax) Applications Information Center [email protected] Mayer, Dave Campus Box 482 Oregon Emergency Management Boulder, CO 80309-0482 Personius, Stephen F. 595 Cottage Street N.E. (303) 492-2150 U.S. Geological Survey Salem, OR 97201 (303) 492-2151 (fax) Box 25046 MS 966 (503) 378-2911 [email protected] Federal Center http://www.colorado.edu/hazards Denver, CO 80225 McBride, Susan (303) 273-8611 Humboldt County Coop Extension Nelson, Alan R. 2 Commercial Street #4 U.S. Geological Survey Peterson, Curt D. Eureka, CA 95501 Box 25046 MS 966 Portland State University (707) 443-8369 Federal Center Earth Sciences Department (707) 445-3901 (fax) Denver, CO 80225-0046 Portland, OR 97207 [email protected] (303) 273-8592 (503) 725-3375 (303) 273-8600 (fax) [email protected] [ch “one” not “el”] McCarty, Laura [email protected] U.S. National Oceanic and Phipps, James B. Atmospheric Administration Newman, Jean Grays Harbor College Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory U.S. National Oceanic and Geology Department 7600 Sand Point Way N.E., Building 3 Atmospheric Administration 1620 Edward P. Smith Drive Seattle, WA 98115-0070 Pacific Marine Environment Laboratory Aberdeen, WA 98520 (206) 526-6763 Ocean Environment Research Division (360) 538-4200 (206) 526-6815 (fax) [request fax UW - JISAO (360) 538-4299 (fax) delivery to L. McCarty] 7600 Sand Point Way N.E., Building 3 [email protected] [email protected] Seattle, WA 98115-0070 Preuss, Jane (206) 526-6531 Urban Regional Research McCreery, Charles S. (206) 526-6054 (fax) U.S. National Oceanic and Tower Building, Suite 1000 [email protected] 1809 Seventh Avenue Atmospheric Administration [email protected] Pacific Tsunami Warning Center Seattle, WA 98101 91-270 Fort Weaver Road Nichols, Jill (206) 624-1669 Ewa Beach, HI 96706-2928 American Red Cross (206) 626-5324 (fax) (808) 689-8207, ext. 301 Oregon Trail Chapter [email protected] (808) 689-4543 (fax) P.O. Box 3200 [email protected] Portland, OR 97208-3200 (503) 284-1234 TSUNAMIS ON THE PACIFIC COAST OF WASHINGTON 29

Priest, George R. Sokolowski, Thomas Tsai, Frank Oregon Department of Geology and Alaska Tsunami Warning Center U.S. Federal Emergency Mineral Industries 910 S. Felton Street Management Agency (FEMA) 800 N.E. Oregon Street #28 Palmer, AK 99645 500 C Street S.W., Room 423 Portland, OR 97232 (907) 745-4212 Washington, DC 20472 (503) 731-4100 (907) 745-6071 (fax) (202) 646-2753 (503) 731-4066 (fax) [email protected] (202) 923-4596 (fax) Raichlen, Fred Steele, Bill Walkling, Lee California Institute of Technology Seismology Lab Coordinator Library Information Specialist Mail Code 138-78 Pacific Northwest Seismographic Network Washington Division of Geology Pasadena, CA 91125 University of Washington and Earth Resources Library (626) 395-4403 Geophysics Program 1111 Washington Street S.E. (626) 395-2940 (fax) Box 351650 P.O. Box 47007 [email protected] Seattle, WA 98195-1650 Olympia, WA 98504-7007 (206) 685-8180 (360) 902-1473 Reinhart, Mary Ann (206) 543-0489 (fax) (360) 902-1785 (fax) GeoEngineers (206) 543-7010 (info line) [email protected] 8410 154th Avenue N.E. [email protected] Redmond, WA 98052 http://www.geophys.washington.edu/SEIS/ Walsh, Timothy J. (425) 861-6158 Washington Division of Geology (425) 861-6050 (fax) Stephenson, Fred and Earth Resources Department of Fisheries and Oceans 1111 Washington Street S.E. Rogers, Garry C. Canadian Hydrographic Service P.O. Box 47007 Geological Survey of Canada Pacific Region Olympia, WA 98504-7007 Pacific Geoscience Center P.O. Box 6000 (360) 902-1432 P.O. Box 6000 Sidney, BC V8L 4B2 Canada (360) 902-1785 (fax) Sidney, BC V8L 4B2 Canada (250) 363-6350 [email protected] (604) 363-6450 (250) 363-6323 (fax) (604) 363-6565 (fax) Weaver, Craig [email protected] Tao, Dorothy S. USGS Pacific Northwest Regional Acting Manager Coordinator Shedlock, Kaye M. National Center for Earthquake National Earthquake Hazards U.S. Geological Survey Engineering Research Reduction Program Box 25046 MS 966 Information Service U.S. Geological Survey at the Federal Center State University of New York at Buffalo University of Washington Denver, CO 80225 Science & Engineering Library Geophysics Program (303) 273-8571 304 Capen Hall Box 351650 Simmons, Terry Buffalo, NY 14260-2200 Seattle, WA 98195-1650 Washington Department of Transportation (716) 645-3377 (206) 553-0627 Transportation Building (716) 645-3379 (fax) (206) 553-8350 (fax) P.O. Box 47300 [email protected] [email protected] http://nceer.eng.buffalo.edu Olympia, WA 98504-7300 Webb, Mike (360) 705-7857 Thorsen, Gerald W. Alaska Division of Emergency Services (360) 705-6823 (fax) 1926 Lincoln P.O. Box 5750 [email protected] Port Angeles, WA 98368 Suite B-210, Building 49000 Sites, William (360) 385-6002 Fort Richardson, AK 99505-5750 (907) 428-7022 National Weather Service Titov, Vasily SSMC2 W/OM12 (907) 428-7009 (fax) U.S. National Oceanic and [email protected] 1325 East-West Highway Atmospheric Administration Silver Spring, MD 20910 Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory Wells, Ray E. (301) 713-1677, ext. 128 7600 Sand Point Way N.E. U.S. Geological Survey (301) 713-1598 (fax) Seattle, WA 98125 MS 975 [email protected] (206) 526-6485 (fax) 345 Middlefield Road Sokol, Dan [email protected] Menlo Park, CA 94025-3591 (650) 329-4933 Washington Department of Ecology Toby, Emily Southwest Regional Office Coastal Coordinator Williams, Steve P.O. Box 47775 Oregon Department of Land Oregon Parks and Recreation Olympia, WA 98504-7775 Conservation and Development Department (360) 407-7253 Oregon Coastal Management Program OPRD 5580 South Coast Highway [email protected] 1175 Court Street, N.E. Newport, OR 97365 Salem, OR 97310 (541) 867-3340 (503) 373-0096 (541) 867-3254 (fax) (503) 362-6705 (fax) [email protected] [email protected] 30 OPEN FILE REPORT 98-4

Yamaguchi, David K. Yanagi, Brian Yeats, Robert S. University of Washington Earthquake Program Manager Oregon State University Department of Environmental State of Hawaii Department of Geosciences Health Civil Defense Division Corvallis, OR 97331 Box 354695 3949 Diamond Head Road (541) 737-1226 Seattle, WA 98195 Honolulu, HI 96816-4495 [email protected] (206) 616-7414 (808) 733-4300 (206) 616-4875 (fax) (808) 733-4287 (fax) [email protected] [email protected] http://www.pdc.org

LISTINGS BY ORGANIZATION

Alaska Division of Emergency Services California Institute of Technology Furumoto, Augustine S. P.O. Box 5750 Earthquake Engineering Research 349 Kekupua Street Suite B-210, Building 49000 Library Honolulu, HI 96825 Fort Richardson, AK 99505-5750 Mail Code 104-44 (808) 395-1485 Contact: Mike Webb Pasadena, CA 91125 (808) 396-1838 (fax) (907) 428-7022 Contact: Jim O’Donnell [email protected] (907) 428-7009 (fax) (818) 395-4227 or (818) 395-2199 [email protected] (818) 568-0935 (fax) GeoEngineers [email protected] 8410 154th Avenue N.E. Alaska Tsunami Warning Center Redmond, WA 98052 910 S. Felton Street California Institute of Technology Contact: Mary Ann Reinhart Palmer, AK 99645 Seismology Laboratory (425) 861-6158 Contact: Thomas Sokolowski 1201 E. California Blvd (425) 861-6050 (fax) (907) 745-4212 Pasadena, CA 91125 Geological Survey of Canada (907) 745-6071 (fax) Contact: Hiroo Kanamori 100 West Pender Street [email protected] (626) 395-6914 Vancouver, BC V6B 1R8 Canada (626) 564-0715 (fax) American Red Cross Geological Survey of Canada P.O. Box 3200 Columbia University Portland, OR 97208-3200 500 West 120th Street Pacific Geoscience Center Contact: Pat Ainsworth 918 Mudd Building P.O. Box 6000 Field Service Manager New York, NY 10027 Sidney, BC V8L 4B2 Canada (503) 284-1234 Contact: Gordon C. Jacoby Contact: Garry C. Rogers Contact: Jill Nichols (212) 894-2905 (604) 363-6450 Oregon Trail Chapter (212) 854-3054 (fax) (604) 363-6565 (fax) (503) 284-1234 [email protected] Curry County Emergency Services California Coastal Commission P.O. Box 746 Geological Survey of Canada 45 Fremont Street, Suite 2000 Gold Beach, OR 97444 Terrain Sciences Division San Francisco, CA 94105 Contact: Jeri Allemand Suite 101, 605 Robson Street Contact: Lesley Ewing (541) 247-7011, ext. 208 Vancouver, BC V6B 5J3 Canada Associate Civil Engineer (541) 247-2705 (fax) Contact: John J. Clague (415) 904-5291 (604) 666-6565 (415) 904-5400 (fax) Department of Fisheries and Oceans (604) 666-1124 (fax) [email protected] Canadian Hydrographic Service [email protected] Pacific Region California Institute of Technology P.O. Box 6000 Governor’s Office of Emergency Pasadena, CA 91125 Sidney, BC V8L 4B2 Canada Services Coastal Region Contact: Thomas H. Heaton Contact: Fred Stephenson 1300 Clay Street, Suite 400 Mail Code 104-44 (250) 363-6350 Oakland, CA 94612-1425 (626) 395-4232 (250) 363-6323 (fax) Contact: Richard Eisner (626) 568-2719 (fax) Regional Administrator [email protected] Federal Emergency Management (510) 286-0895 Contact: Fred Raichlen Agency (FEMA) (510) 286-0853 (fax) Mail Code 138-78 See U.S. Federal Emergency [email protected] (626) 395-4403 Management Agency http://www.oes.ca.gov/ (626) 395-2940 (fax) [email protected] TSUNAMIS ON THE PACIFIC COAST OF WASHINGTON 31

Grays Harbor College National Earthquake Hazards Oregon Department of Land Geology Department Reduction Program Conservation and Development 1620 Edward P. Smith Drive U.S. Geological Survey at the Oregon Coastal Management Program Aberdeen, WA 98520 University of Washington 1175 Court Street, N.E. Contact: James B. Phipps Geophysics Program Salem, OR 97310 (360) 538-4200 Box 351650 Contact: Emily Toby, Coastal Coordinator (360) 538-4299 (fax) Seattle, WA 98195-1650 (503) 373-0096 [email protected] Contact: Craig Weaver, USGS (503) 362-6705 (fax) Pacific Northwest Regional Coordinator [email protected] Hatfield Marine Science Center (206) 553-0627 See U.S. National Oceanic and (206) 553-8350 (fax) Oregon Department of Geology and Atmospheric Administration [email protected] Mineral Industries Hatfield Marine Science Center 800 N.E. Oregon Street #28 National Geophysical Data Center Portland, OR 97232 Humboldt County Coop Extension See U.S. National Oceanic and Contact: Donald Hull 2 Commercial Street #4 Atmospheric Administration Director and State Geologist Eureka, CA 95501 National Geophysical Data Center Suite 965 Contact: Susan McBride (503) 731-4100 (707) 443-8369 National Oceanic and Atmospheric (503) 731-4066 (fax) (707) 445-3901 (fax) Administration (NOAA) [email protected] [email protected] See U.S. National Oceanic and Contact: Lou Clark Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Humboldt State University (503) 731-4100 Humboldt Earthquake Education Center National Science Foundation (503) 731-4066 (fax) Department of Geology Civil and Mechanical Systems Division Contact: George R. Priest #1 Harpst Street 4201 Wilson Boulevard, Room 545 (503) 731-4100 Arcata, CA 95521 Arlington, VA 22230 (503) 731-4066 (fax) Contact: Gary A. Carver Contact: Clifford J. Astill, Program Director Oregon Department of Transportation [email protected] (703) 306-1362 Contact: Orville Gayler Contact: Lori Dengler (703) 306-0291 (fax) 5th Floor, Transportation Building (707) 826-3115 [email protected] Salem, OR 97310-1354 (707) 826-5241 National Weather Service (503) 986-3603 [email protected] [lad “one” not “el”] (503) 986-4063 (fax) Contact: Harvey M. Kelsey Western Region, W/WR1 125 State Street, Room 1311 Oregon Emergency Management International Tsunami Information Salt Lake City, UT 84147 595 Cottage Street N.E. Center Contact: Tom Ainsworth Salem, OR 97310 U.S. National Oceanic and (801) 524-4000 Contact: Mark E. Darienzo Atmospheric Administration (801) 524-5246 (fax) (503) 378-2911, ext. 237 NWS Pacific Region Headquarters [email protected] (503) 588-1378 (fax) Grosvenor Center, Mauka Tower National Weather Service Contact: Dave Mayer 737 Bishop Street, Suite 2200 (503) 378-2911 Honolulu, HI 96812 SSMC2 W/OM12 (808) 532-6423 1325 East-West Highway Oregon Extension Sea Grant (808) 532-6425 (fax) Silver Spring, MD 20910 Newport, OR 97365 [email protected] Contact: William Sites Contact: Vicki Osis Contact: Michael Blackford, Director (301) 713-1677, ext. 128 (541) 867-0257 (808) 532-6423 (301) 713-1598 (fax) [email protected] (808) 532-5576 (fax) [email protected] [email protected] Oregon Graduate Institute Natural Hazards Research P.O. Box 91000 National Center for Earthquake 1895 Union Drive Portland, OR 97291-1000 Engineering Research Lakewood, CO 80215 Contact: Antonio M. Baptista Information Service Contact: Stuart P. Nishenko (503) 690-1147 State University of New York at Buffalo Natural Hazards Research and (503) 690-1273 (fax) Science and Engineering Library Applications Information Center [email protected] 304 Capen Hall University of Colorado Contact: Ed Myers Buffalo, NY 14260-2200 Campus Box 482 (503) 690-1296 Contact: Dorothy S. Tao, Acting Manager Boulder, CO 80309-0482 Oregon Parks and Recreation (716) 645-3377 Contact: Mary Fran Myers, Project Manager (716) 645-3379 (fax) Department (303) 492-2150 OPRD 5580 South Coast Highway [email protected] (303) 492-2151 (fax) http://nceer.eng.buffalo.edu Newport, OR 97365 Contact: Steve Williams (541) 867-3340 (541) 867-3254 (fax) [email protected] 32 OPEN FILE REPORT 98-4

Oregon State University Pacific Northwest Seismographic U.S. Army Engineers Waterways Corvallis, OR 97331 Network Experiment Station Contact: Paul D. Komar University of Washington Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory (541) 737-5210 Geophysics Program CEWES - CN-H [email protected] Box 351650 3909 Halls Ferry Road Seattle, WA 98195-1650 Vicksburg, MS 39180-6199 Oregon State University Contact: Bill Steele Contact: Mike Briggs College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Seismology Laboratory Coordinator (601) 634-2005 Sciences (206) 685-8180 (601) 634-3433 (fax) Burt 252 (206) 543-0489 (fax) [email protected] Corvallis, OR 97331 [email protected] http://bigfoot.cerc.west.army.mil/ Contact: LaVerne D. Kulm http://www.geophys.washington.edu/SEIS/ tsu00000.htm (541) 737-5211 [email protected] Pacific Tsunami Warning Center U.S. Federal Emergency Management U.S. National Oceanic and Agency (FEMA) Oregon State University Atmospheric Administration 500 C Street S.W., Room 423 Department of Geosciences NWS/PR/PTWC Washington, DC 20472 Corvallis, OR 97331 91-270 Fort Weaver Road Contact: Frank Tsai Contact: Chris Goldfinger Ewa Beach, HI 96706 (202) 646-2753 College of Oceanic and Contact: Charles S. McCreery (202) 923-4596 (fax) Atmospheric Sciences (808) 689-8207, ext. 301 Burt 136 (808) 689-4543 (fax) U.S. Federal Emergency Management (541) 737-3890 [email protected] Agency (FEMA), Region X [email protected] 130 228th Street S.W. Contact: Kenneth S. Werner Portland State University Bothell, WA 98021-9796 Contact: Robert S. Yeats Earth Sciences Department Contact: Chris Jonientz-Trisler (541) 737-1226 Portland, OR 97207 Earthquake Program Manager [email protected] Contact: Curt D. Peterson (425) 487-4645 (503) 725-3375 (425) 487-4613 (fax) Oregon State University [email protected] [ch “one” not “el”] [email protected] Extension Sea Grant [email protected] Bexell Hall 209 Science Applications International Corvallis, OR 97331-2603 Corporation U.S. Geological Survey Contact: Bruce DeYoung 1710 Goodridge Drive Box 25046 MS 966 (541) 737-0695 McLean, VA 22102 Federal Center (541) 737-3804 (fax) Contact: Gerald T. Hebenstreit Denver, CO 80225-0046 [email protected] (703) 827-4975 Contact: Robert C. Bucknam (703) 821-3576 (fax) (303) 273-8566 Oregon State University (303) 273-8600 (fax) Oregon Sea Grant State of Hawaii [email protected] Corvallis, OR 97331 Civil Defense Division Contact:Alan R. Nelson Contact: Robert Malouf 3949 Diamond Head Road (303) 273-8592 Director Administration Services Honolulu, HI 96816-4495 (303) 273-8600 (fax) A500 Contact: Brian Yanagi [email protected] (541) 737-3396 Earthquake Program Manager Contact: Stephen F. Personius (541) 737-2392 (fax) (808) 733-4300 (303) 273-8611 [email protected] (808) 733-4287 (fax) Contact: Kaye M. Shedlock Contact: Joe Cone [email protected] (303) 273-8571 Assistant Director for Communications http://www.pdc.org 402 Kerr Administration Building U.S. Geological Survey (541) 737-0756 State University of New York at 345 Middlefield Road (541) 737-2392 (fax) Buffalo Menlo Park, CA 94025-3591 [email protected] See National Center for Earthquake Contact: Ray E. Wells Contact: James W. Good Engineering Research MS 975 Administration Services, Bldg 104 Thorsen, Gerald W. (650) 329-4933 (541) 737-1339 1926 Lincoln Guy R. Cochrane (803) 974-6232 (fax) Port Angeles, WA 98368 MS 999 [email protected] (360) 385-6002 (650) 329-5076 Pacific Earthquake Engineering U.S. Geological Survey Research 525 S. Wilson See University of California at Berkeley Pasadena, CA 91125 Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Contact: Thomas H. Heaton (818) 405-7814 (818) 405-7827 (fax) [email protected] TSUNAMIS ON THE PACIFIC COAST OF WASHINGTON 33

U.S. Geological Survey at the U.S. National Oceanic and University of Alaska University of Oregon Atmospheric Administration Geophysical Institute Eugene, OR 97403-1272 NWS Pacific Region P.O. Box 757320 Contact: Eileen Hemphill-Haley Grosvenor Center, Mauka Tower 903 Koyukuk Drive (541) 346-4582 737 Bishop Street, Suite 2200 Fairbanks, AK 99775-7320 Honolulu, HI 96813 Contact: Roger Hansen U.S. Geological Survey at the Contact: Richard Hagemeyer (907) 474-5533 University of Washington (808) 532-6416 (907) 474-5618 (fax) Department of Geological Sciences (808) 532-5569 (fax) [email protected] Box 351310 [email protected] Seattle, WA 98195-1310 University of British Columbia Contact: Brian Atwater U.S. National Oceanic and Disaster Preparedness Resources Center (206) 553-2927 Atmospheric Administration School of Community and Regional (206) 553-8350 (fax) Pacific Marine Environmental Planning [email protected] Laboratory 2206 East Mall 2115 S.E. OSU Drive Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3 Canada U.S. Geological Survey at the Newport, OR 97365 Contact: M. Wayne Greene University of Washington Contact: Stephen R. Hammond (604) 822-4218 National Earthquake Hazards (541) 867-0183 (604) 822-6650 (fax) Reduction Program (541) 867-3907 (fax) [email protected] Geophysics Program [email protected] http://www.safety.ubc.ca Box 351650 Seattle, WA 98195-1650 U.S. National Oceanic and University of California at Berkeley Contact: Craig Weaver, USGS Atmospheric Administration Pacific Earthquake Engineering Pacific Northwest Regional Coordinator Pacific Marine Environmental Research Center (206) 553-0627 Laboratory 1301 S. 46th Street (206) 553-8350 (fax) 7600 Sand Point Way N.E., Building 3 Richmond, CA 94804-4698 [email protected] Seattle, WA 98115-0070 Contact: Chuck James Contact: Eddie Bernard (510) 231-9552 U.S. National Oceanic and (206) 526-6800 (510) 231-9471 (fax) Atmospheric Administration (206) 526-6815 (fax) Hatfield Marine Science Center University of California, [email protected] Santa Cruz Newport, OR 97365 Contact: Frank I. Gonzalez Contact: Roger Hart Earth Sciences Department Tsunami Project Leader Santa Cruz, CA 95064 (541) 867-0100 (206) 526-6803 (541) 731-4066 (fax) (206) 526-6485 (fax) University of Colorado U.S. National Oceanic and [email protected] Department of Environmental Sciences Atmospheric Administration http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/tsunami/ Boulder, CO 80309 National Geophysical Data Center Contact: Robert A. Kamphaus Contact: James L. Lander Code E/GC 1 (206) 526-6485 (fax) (303) 497-6446 325 Broadway [email protected] (303) 492-1149 (fax) Contact: Laura McCarty Boulder, CO 80303 University of Colorado Contact: Patricia Lockridge (206) 526-6763 (206) 526-6815(fax) [request fax Natural Hazards Research and (303) 497-6221 Applications Information Center (303) 497-6513 (fax) delivery to L. McCarty] [email protected] Campus Box 482 [email protected] University of Colorado http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazard/hazards.html Contact: Jean Newman (206) 526-6531 Boulder, CO 80309-0482 U.S. National Oceanic and (206) 526-6054 (fax) Contact: David Morton Atmospheric Administration [email protected] (303) 492-5787 NWS Alaska Region [email protected] (303) 492-2151 (fax) 222 West Seventh Avenue #23 (206) 526-6485 (fax) Contact: Mary Fran Myers, Co-Director Anchorage, AK 99513-7575 [email protected] (303) 492-2150 Contact: Dick Hutcheon (303) 492-2151 (fax) (907) 271-5136 U.S. National Oceanic and [email protected] (907) 271-3711 (fax) Atmospheric Administration http://www.colorado.edu/hazards [email protected] Pacific Tsunami Warning Center 91-270 Fort Weaver Road University of Hawaii Ewa Beach, HI 96706 School of Ocean and Earth Science Contact: Charles S. McCreery and Technology (808) 689-8207, ext. 301 Honolulu, HI 96822 (808) 689-4543 (fax) Contact: Bruce Appelgate [email protected] (808) 956-9720 (808) 956-6530 (fax) Contact: Mary E. MacKay 34 OPEN FILE REPORT 98-4

University of Washington Urban Regional Research Washington Division of Geology Department of Environmental Health Tower Building, Suite 1000 and Earth Resources Box 354695 1809 Seventh Avenue 1111 Washington Street S.E. Seattle, WA 98195 Seattle, WA 98101 P.O. Box 47007 Contact: David K. Yamaguchi Contact: Jane Preuss Olympia, WA 98504-7007 (206) 616-7414 (206) 624-1669 Contact: Stephen P. Palmer (206) 616-4875 (fax) (206) 626-5324 (fax) (360) 902-1437 [email protected] [email protected] (360) 902-1785 (fax) [email protected] University of Washington Washington Department of Ecology Contact: Timothy J. Walsh Department of Geological Sciences Shorelands Program (360) 902-1432 Box 351310 P.O. Box 47600 (360) 902-1785 (fax) Seattle, WA 98195-1310 Olympia, WA 98504-7600 [email protected] Contact: Joanne (Jody) Bourgeois Contact: Doug Canning Contact: Connie J. Manson (206) 685-2443 (360) 407-6781 Senior Librarian (206) 543-3836 (fax) [shared] (360)407-6535 (fax) (360) 902-1472 [email protected] [email protected] (360) 902-1785 (fax) [email protected] [email protected] University of Washington http://www.wa.gov/ecology Geophysics Program [email protected] Contact: Tim D’Acci Contact: Lee Walkling Box 351650 (360) 407-6796 Seattle, WA 98195 Library Information Specialist [email protected] (360) 902-1473 Contact: Robert S. Crosson Contact: George Kaminsky (206) 543-6505 (360) 902-1785 (fax) Coastal Monitoring and Analysis Program [email protected] (206) 543-0489 (fax) (360) 407-6797 [email protected] (360) 407-6535 (fax) Washington State Military Department Contact: Ruth Ludwin [email protected] Emergency Management Division (206) 543-4292 P.O. Box 40955 (206) 543-0489 (fax) Washington Department of Ecology Olympia, WA 98504-0755 [email protected] Southwest Regional Office Contact: George Crawford P.O. Box 47775 (360) 923-4581 University of Washington Olympia, WA 98504-7775 School of Oceanography (360) 923-4591 (fax) Contact: Dan Sokol [email protected] Box 357940 (360) 407-7253 Seattle, WA 98195-7940 [email protected] Washington State Parks and Recreation Contact: Mark L. Holmes Commission (206) 543-7313 Washington Department of 7150 Cleanwater Lane (206) 543-6073 (fax) Transportation Olympia, WA 98504-2650 [email protected] Transportation Building Contact: Paul George Contact: Dean A. McManus P.O. Box 47300 (360) 902-8540 (206) 543-5060 Olympia, WA 98504-7300 (360) 586-5872 (fax) (206) 543-6073 (fax) Contact: Terry Simmons [email protected] (360) 705-7857 University of Washington (360) 705-6823 (fax) West Coast Tsunami Warning Center Washington Sea Grant Program [email protected] See Alaska Tsunami Warning Center 3716 Brooklyn Avenue N.E. Seattle, WA 98105 Contact: Bob Goodwin (206) 685-2452 (206) 543-1417 (fax) [email protected]

AGENCY LISTINGS BY STATE/PROVINCE

ALASKA Alaska Tsunami Warning Center National Oceanic and Atmospheric 910 S. Felton Street Administration Alaska Division of Emergency Services Palmer, AK 99645 NWS Alaska Region P.O. Box 5750 Contact: Thomas Sokolowski 222 West Seventh Avenue #23 Suite B-210, Building 49000 (907) 745-4212 Anchorage, AK 99513-7575 Fort Richardson, AK 99505-5750 (907) 745-6071 (fax) Contact: Dick Hutcheon Contact: Mike Webb [email protected] (907) 271-5136 (907) 428-7022 (907) 271-3711 (fax) (907) 428-7009 (fax) [email protected] [email protected] TSUNAMIS ON THE PACIFIC COAST OF WASHINGTON 35

University of Alaska CALIFORNIA Humboldt State University Geophysical Institute Humboldt Earthquake Education Center P.O. Box 757320 California Coastal Commission Department of Geology 903 Koyukuk Drive 45 Fremont Street, Suite 2000 #1 Harpst Street Fairbanks, AK 99775-7320 San Francisco, CA 94105 Arcata, CA 95521 Contact: Roger Hansen Contact: Lesley Ewing Contact: Gary A. Carver (907) 474-5533 Associate Civil Engineer [email protected] (907) 474-5618 (fax) (415) 904-5291 Contact: Lori Dengler [email protected] (415) 904-5400 (fax) (707) 826-3115 [email protected] (707) 826-5241 (fax) West Coast Tsunami Warning Center [email protected] [lad “one” not “el”] California Institute of Technology See Alaska Tsunami Warning Center Contact: Harvey M. Kelsey Pasadena, CA 91125 Contact: Thomas H. Heaton U.S. Geological Survey BRITISH COLUMBIA Mail Code 104-44 345 Middlefield Road (626) 395-4232 Menlo Park, CA 94025-3591 Department of Fisheries and Oceans (626) 568-2719 (fax) Contact: Ray E. Wells Canadian Hydrographic Service [email protected] MS 975 Pacific Region Contact: Fred Raichlen U.S. Geological Survey P.O. Box 6000 Mail Code 138-78 525 S. Wilson Sidney, BC V8L 4B2 Canada (626) 395-4403 Pasadena, CA 91125 Contact: Fred Stephenson (626) 395-2940 (fax) (650) 329-4933 (250) 363-6350 [email protected] Contact: Thomas H. Heaton (250) 363-6323 (fax) (818) 405-7814 California Institute of Technology (818) 405-7827 (fax) Geological Survey of Canada Earthquake Engineering Research [email protected] 100 West Pender Street Library Vancouver, BC V6B 1R8 Canada Mail Code 104-44 University of California at Berkeley Geological Survey of Canada Pasadena, CA 91125 Pacific Earthquake Engineering Pacific Geoscience Center Contact: Jim O’Donnell Research Center P.O. Box 6000 (818) 395-4227 or (818) 395-2199 1301 S. 46th Street Sidney, BC V8L 4B2 Canada (818) 568-0935 (fax) Richmond, CA 94804-4698 Contact: Garry C. Rogers [email protected] Contact: Chuck James (604) 363-6450 (510) 231-9552 California Institute of Technology (510) 231-9471 (fax) (604) 363-6565 (fax) Seismology Laboratory [email protected] 1201 E. California Boulevard Geological Survey of Canada Pasadena, CA 91125 COLORADO Terrain Sciences Division Contact: Hiroo Kanamori Suite 101, 605 Robson Street (626) 395-6914 Natural Hazards Research Vancouver, BC Canada V6B 5J3 (626) 564-0715 (fax) 1895 Union Drive Contact: John J. Clague Contact: Fred Raichlen Lakewood, CO 80215 (604) 666-6565 Mail Code 138-78 Contact: Stuart P. Nishenko (626) 395-4403 (604) 666-1124 (fax) U.S. Geological Survey [email protected] (626) 395-2940 (fax) [email protected] Box 25046 MS 966 University of British Columbia Federal Center Disaster Preparedness Resources Center Governor’s Office of Emergency Denver, CO 80225-0046 School of Community and Regional Services, Coastal Region Contact: Robert C. Bucknam Planning 1300 Clay Street, Suite 400 (303) 273-8566 2206 East Mall Oakland, CA 94612-1425 (303) 273-8600 (fax) Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3 Canada Contact: Richard Eisner [email protected] Contact: M. Wayne Greene Regional Administrator Contact:Alan R. Nelson (604) 822-4218 (510) 286-0895 (303) 273-8592 (604) 822-6650 (fax) (510) 286-0853 (fax) (303) 273-8600 (fax) [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] http://www.safety.ubc.ca http://www.oes.ca.gov/ Contact: Stephen F. Personius (303) 273-8611 Humboldt County Coop Extension Contact: Kaye M. Shedlock 2 Commercial Street #4 (303) 273-8571 Eureka, CA 95501 Contact: Susan McBride (707) 443-8369 (707) 445-3901 (fax) [email protected] 36 OPEN FILE REPORT 98-4

U.S. National Oceanic and International Tsunami Information MARYLAND Atmospheric Administration Center National Geophysical Data Center U.S. National Oceanic and National Weather Service Code E/GC 1 Atmospheric Administration SSMC2 W/OM12 325 Broadway NWS Pacific Region Headquarters 1325 East-West Highway Boulder, CO 80303 Grosvenor Center, Mauka Tower Silver Spring, MD 20910 Contact: Patricia Lockridge 737 Bishop Street, Suite 2200 Contact: William Sites (303) 497-6221 Honolulu, HI 96812 (301) 713-1677, ext. 128 (303) 497-6513 (fax) 808 532-6423 (301) 713-1598 (fax) [email protected] 808 532-6425 (fax) [email protected] http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazard/hazards.html [email protected] Contact: Michael Blackford University of Colorado Director MISSISSIPPI Department of Environmental Sciences (808) 532-6423 Boulder, CO 80309 U.S. Army Engineers Waterways (808) 532-5576 (fax) Experiment Station Contact: James L. Lander [email protected] (303) 497-6446 Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory (303) 492-1149 (fax) Pacific Tsunami Warning Center CEWES - CN-H U.S. National Oceanic and 3909 Halls Ferry Road University of Colorado Atmospheric Administration Vicksburg, MS 39180-6199 Natural Hazards Research and NWS/PR/PTWC Contact: Mike Briggs Applications Information Center 91-270 Fort Weaver Road (601) 634-2005 Campus Box 482 Ewa Beach, HI 96706 (601) 634-3433 (fax) Boulder, CO 80309-0482 Contact: Charles S. McCreery [email protected] Contact: David Morton (808) 689-8207, ext. 301 http://bigfoot.cerc.west.army.mil/ (303) 492-5787 (808) 689-4543 (fax) tsu00000.htm (303) 492-2151 (fax) [email protected] [email protected] Contact: Mary Fran Myers State of Hawaii NEW YORK Co-Director Civil Defense Division (303) 492-2150 3949 Diamond Head Road Columbia University (303) 492-2151 (fax) Honolulu, HI 96816-4495 500 West 120 Street [email protected] Contact: Brian Yanagi 918 Mudd Building http://www.colorado.edu/hazards Earthquake Program Manager New York, NY 10027 (808) 733-4300 Contact: Gordon C. Jacoby (808) 733-4287 (fax) (212) 894-2905 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA [email protected] (212) 854-3054 (fax) http://www.pdc.org U.S. Federal Emergency Management National Center for Earthquake Agency (FEMA) U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Engineering Research 500 C Street S.W., Room 423 Administration Information Service Washington, DC 20472 NWS Pacific Region State University of New York at Buffalo Contact: Frank Tsai Grosvenor Center, Mauka Tower Science and Engineering Library (202) 646-2753 737 Bishop Street, Suite 2200 304 Capen Hall (202) 923-4596 (fax) Honolulu, HI 96813 Buffalo, NY 14260-2200 Contact: Richard Hagemeyer Contact: Dorothy S. Tao, Acting Manager (808) 532-6416 (716) 645-3377 HAWAII (808) 532-5569 (fax) (716) 645-3379 (fax) [email protected] [email protected] Furumoto, Augustine S. 349 Kekupua Street University of Hawaii Honolulu, HI 96825 School of Ocean and Earth Science ONTARIO (808) 395-1485 and Technology (808) 396-1838 (fax) Honolulu, HI 96822 Geological Survey of Canada [email protected] Contact: Bruce Appelgate Geophysics Division (808) 956-9720 1 Observatory Crescent (808) 956-6530 (fax) Ottawa, ON K1A 0Y3 Canada Contact: Mary E. MacKay TSUNAMIS ON THE PACIFIC COAST OF WASHINGTON 37

OREGON Oregon Extension Sea Grant Oregon State University Newport, OR 97365 Oregon Sea Grant American Red Cross Contact: Vicki Osis Corvallis, OR 97331 P.O. Box 3200 (541) 867-0257 Contact: Robert Malouf, Director Portland, OR 97208-3200 [email protected] Administration Services A500 Contact: Pat Ainsworth (541) 737-3396 Field Service Manager Oregon Graduate Institute (541) 737-2392 (fax) (503) 284-1234 P.O. Box 91000 [email protected] Contact: Jill Nichols Portland, OR 97291-1000 Contact: Joe Cone Oregon Trail Chapter Contact: Antonio M. Baptista Assistant Director for Communications (503) 284-1234 (503) 690-1147 402 Kerr Administration Building (503) 690-1273 (fax) (541) 737-0756 Cannon Beach Fire District [email protected] (541) 737-2392 (fax) P.O. Box 121 Contact: Ed Myers [email protected] Cannon Beach, OR 97110 (503) 690-1296 Contact: James W. Good Contact: Al Aya Administration Services Bldg 104 (503) 436-2343 Oregon Parks and Recreation (541) 737-1339 (503) 436-2343 (fax) Department 5580 South Coast Highway (803) 974-6232 (fax) Curry County Emergency Services Newport, OR 97365 [email protected] P.O. Box 746 Contact: Steve Williams Oregon State University Gold Beach, OR 97444 (541) 867-3340 Contact: Jeri Allemand College of Oceanic and Atmospheric (541) 867-3254 (fax) Sciences (541) 247-7011, ext. 208 [email protected] (541) 247-2705 (fax) Burt 252 Oregon State University Corvallis, OR 97331 Oregon Department of Land Corvallis, OR 97331 Contact: LaVerne D. Kulm Conservation and Development Contact: Paul D. Komar (541) 737-5211 Oregon Coastal Management Program (541) 737-5210 [email protected] 1175 Court Street N.E. [email protected] Salem, OR 97310 Portland State University Contact: Emily Toby, Coastal Coordinator Oregon State University Earth Sciences Department (503) 373-0096 Department of Geosciences Portland, OR 97207 (503) 362-6705 (fax) Corvallis, OR 97331 Contact: Curt D. Peterson [email protected] Contact: Chris Goldfinger (503) 725-3375 College of Oceanic and [email protected] [ch “one” not “el”] Oregon Department of Geology and Atmospheric Sciences U.S. Geological Survey at the Mineral Industries Burt 136 800 N.E. Oregon Street #28 University of Oregon (541) 737-3890 Eugene, OR 97403-1272 Portland, OR 97232 [email protected] Contact: Donald Hull Contact: Eileen Hemphill-Haley Contact: Robert S. Yeats (541) 346-4582 Director and State Geologist (541) 737-1226 Suite 965 U.S. National Oceanic and Oregon State University (503) 731-4100 Atmospheric Administration Extension Sea Grant (503) 731-4066 Hatfield Marine Science Center Bexell Hall 209 [email protected] Newport, OR 97365 Corvallis, OR 97331-2603 Contact: Lou Clark Contact: Roger Hart Contact: Bruce DeYoung (503) 731-4100 (541) 867-0100 (541) 737-0695 (503) 731-4066 (fax) (541) 731-4066 (fax) Contact: George R. Priest (541) 737-3804 (fax) (503) 731-4100 [email protected] U.S. National Oceanic and (503) 731-4066 (fax) Atmospheric Administration Pacific Marine Environmental Oregon Department of Transportation Laboratory Contact: Orville Gayler 2115 S.E. OSU Drive (503) 373-7108 Newport, OR 97365 (503) 373-7376 Contact: Stephen R. Hammond Oregon Emergency Management (541) 867-0183 595 Cottage Street N.E. (541) 867-3907 (fax) Salem, OR 97310 (?97201) [email protected] Contact: Mark E. Darienzo (503) 378-2911, ext. 237 (503) 588-1378 (fax) [email protected] Contact: Dave Mayer (503) 378-2911 38 OPEN FILE REPORT 98-4

UTAH Thorsen, Gerald W. Contact: Jean Newman 1926 Lincoln Ocean Environment Research Division National Weather Service Port Angeles, WA 98368 UW - JISAO Western Region, W/WR1 (360) 385-6002 (206) 526-6531 125 State Street, Room 1311 (206) 526-6054 (fax) Salt Lake City, UT 84147 U.S. Federal Emergency Management [email protected] Contact: Tom Ainsworth Agency (FEMA), Region X [email protected] (801) 524-4000 130 228th Street S.W. Contact: Vasily Titov (801) 524-5246 (fax) Bothell, WA 98021-9796 (206) 526-6485 (fax) [email protected] Contact: Chris Jonientz-Trisler [email protected] Earthquake Program Manager (425) 487-4645 University of Washington VIRGINIA (425) 487-4613 (fax) Department of Environmental Health [email protected] Box 354695 National Science Foundation [email protected] Seattle, WA 98195 Civil and Mechanical Systems Division Contact: David K. Yamaguchi 4201 Wilson Boulevard, Room 545 U.S. Geological Survey (206) 616-7414 Arlington, VA 22230 Pacific Northwest Region (206) 616-4875 (fax) Contact: Clifford J. Astill, Program Director University of Washington [email protected] (703) 306-1362 Geophysics Program (703) 306-0291 (fax) Box 351650 University of Washington [email protected] Seattle, WA 98195-1650 Department of Geological Sciences Contact: Craig Weaver, USGS Box 351310 Science Applications International Pacific Northwest Regional Coordinator Seattle, WA 98195-1310 Corporation National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Contact: Joanne (Jody) Bourgeois 1710 Goodridge Drive Program (NEHRP) (206) 685-2443 McLean, VA 22102 (206) 553-0627 (206) 543-3836 (fax) [shared] Contact: Gerald T. Hebenstreit (206) 553-8350 (fax) [email protected] (703) 827-4975 [email protected] (703) 821-3576 (fax) University of Washington U.S. Geological Survey at the Geophysics Program Department of Geological Sciences Box 351650 WASHINGTON University of Washington Seattle, WA 98195 Box 351310 Contact: Robert S. Crosson FEMA Seattle, WA 98195-1310 (206) 543-6505 See U.S. Federal Emergency Contact: Brian Atwater (206) 543-0489 (fax) Management Agency (206) 553-2927 [email protected] GeoEngineers (206) 553-8350 (fax) Contact: Ruth Ludwin 8410 154th Avenue N.E. [email protected] (206) 543-4292 Redmond, WA 98052 (206) 543-0489 (fax) U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric [email protected] Contact: Mary Ann Reinhart Administration (425) 861-6158 Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory University of Washington (425) 861-6050 (fax) 7600 Sand Point Way N.E., Building 3 School of Oceanography Grays Harbor College Seattle, WA 98115-0070 Box 357940 Geology Department Contact: Eddie Bernard Seattle, WA 98195-7940 1620 Edward P. Smith Drive (206) 526-6800 Contact: Mark L. Holmes Aberdeen, WA 98520 (206) 526-6815 (fax) (206) 543-7313 Contact: James B. Phipps [email protected] (206) 543-6073 (fax) (360) 538-4200 Contact: Frank I. Gonzalez [email protected] (360) 538-4299 (fax) Tsunami Project Leader Contact: Dean A. McManus [email protected] (206) 526-6803 (206) 543-5060 (206) 526-6485 (fax) (206) 543-6073 (fax) Pacific Northwest Seismographic [email protected] Network http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/tsunami/ University of Washington University of Washington Contact: Robert A. Kamphaus Washington Sea Grant Program Geophysics Program (206) 526-6485 (fax) 3716 Brooklyn Avenue N.E. Box 351650 [email protected] Seattle, WA 98105 Seattle, WA 98195-1650 Contact: Laura McCarty Contact: Bob Goodwin Contact: Bill Steele (206) 526-6763 (206) 685-2452 Seismology Lab Coordinator (206) 526-6815 (fax) [request fax delivery (206) 543-1417 (fax) (206) 685-8180 to L. McCarty] [email protected] (206) 543-0489 (fax) [email protected] (206) 543-7010 (info line) [email protected] http://www.geophys.washington.edu/SEIS/ TSUNAMIS ON THE PACIFIC COAST OF WASHINGTON 39

Urban Regional Research Washington Department of Washington State Military Department Tower Building, Suite 1000 Transportation Emergency Management Division 1809 Seventh Avenue Transportation Building P.O. Box 40955 Seattle, WA 98101 P.O. Box 47300 Olympia, WA 98504-0755 Contact: Jane Preuss Olympia, WA 98504-7300 Contact: George Crawford (206) 624-1669 Contact: Terry Simmons (360) 923-4581 (206) 626-5324 (fax) (360) 705-7857 (360) 923-4591 (fax) [email protected] (360) 705-6823 (fax) [email protected] [email protected] Washington Department of Ecology Washington State Parks and Recreation Shorelands Program Washington Division of Geology and Commission P.O. Box 47600 Earth Resources 7150 Cleanwater Lane Olympia, WA 98504-7600 1111 Washington Street S.E. Olympia, WA 98504-2650 Contact: Doug Canning P.O. Box 47007 Contact: Paul George (360) 407-6781 Olympia, WA 98504-7007 (360) 902-8540 (360)407-6535 (fax) Contact: Stephen P. Palmer (360) 586-5872 (fax) [email protected] (360) 902-1437 [email protected] [email protected] (360) 902-1785 (fax) http://www.wa.gov/ecology [email protected] West Coast Tsunami Warning Center Contact: Tim D’Acci Contact: Timothy J. Walsh See Alaska Tsunami Warning Center (360) 407-6796 (360) 902-1432 [email protected] (360) 902-1785 (fax) Contact: George Kaminsky [email protected] Coastal Monitoring and Analysis Program Contact: Connie J. Manson, Senior Librarian (360) 407-6797 (360) 902-1472 (360) 407-6535 (fax) (360) 902-1785 (fax) [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Washington Department of Ecology Contact: Lee Walkling Southwest Regional Office Library Information Specialist P.O. Box 47775 (360) 902-1473 Olympia, WA 98504-7775 (360) 902-1785 (fax) Contact: Dan Sokol [email protected] (360) 407-7253 [email protected] 40 OPEN FILE REPORT 98-4

TSUNAMI WEB PAGES

GOVERNOR’S OFFICE OF EMERGENCY http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/seg/hazard/ PROVINCIAL EMERGENCY PROGRAM SERVICES (CALIFORNIA) tsu.html http://hoshi.cic.sfu.ca/pep/toc.html http://www.oes.ca.gov/ Tsunami Data at NGDC under Natural Hazard Preparedness NATIONAL CENTER FOR EARTHQUAKE links to: click on Tsunamis ENGINEERING RESEARCH Tsunami Database scroll down, click on Tsunami Tsunami Slide Sets http://nceer.eng.buffalo.edu “Web Library” Tsunami Publications click on Tsunami Hazard Mitigation NATIONAL GEOPHYSICAL http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/seg/hazard/ Committee DATA CENTER tsevsrch.html scroll down to Web Links http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/seg/hazard/ resource/hazdir.html Tsunami Event Database Search U.S. ARMY ENGINEERS WATERWAYS Earthquake Parameters EXPERIMENT STATION Natural Hazards Data Tsunami Source Parameters http://bigfoot.cerc.west.army.mil/tsu0000. Resources Directory Tsunami Event Parameters htm Table of Contents: Introduction Geological Hazards NATIONAL TSUNAMI HAZARD UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON Meteorological Hazards MITIGATION PROGRAM GEOPHYSICS PROGRAM Societal Response http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/tsunami-hazard www.geophys.washington.edu/welcome. Appendices html OREGON SEA GRANT http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/seg/hazard/ UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO resource/tsudir.html http://seagrant.orst.edu/ Natural Hazards Research and http://seagrant.orst.edu/research/hazards.html Tsunami Data and Information Applications Information Center links to: PACIFIC DISASTER CENTER International Tsunami Information http://www.colorado.edu/hazards Center http://www.pdc.org WASHINGTON DEPARTMENT OF National Geophysical Data Center PACIFIC NORTHWEST SEISMOGRAPHIC ECOLOGY Pacific Marine Environmental NETWORK Laboratory http://www.wa.gov/ecology http://www.geophys.washington.edu/SEIS/ 4-7-98