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Working Today for Nature Tomorrow Report Number 594 Measuring the minerals industry's contribution to biodiversity English Nature Research Reports working today for nature tomorrow English Nature Research Reports Number 594 Measuring the minerals industry’s contribution to biodiversity Part A – Evaluation of techniques in pilot study areas Part B1 – Biodiversity audit – White Peak Part B2 – Biodiversity audit – Northamptonshire Vales Prepared by SLR Consulting on behalf of The Minerals and Nature Conservation Forum, comprising English Nature, The Quarry Products Association and The Silica and Moulding Sands Association You may reproduce as many additional copies of this report as you like, provided such copies stipulate that copyright remains with English Nature, Northminster House, Peterborough PE1 1UA ISSN 0967-876X © Copyright English Nature 2004 Foreword This report has been prepared under contract to the Minerals and Nature Conservation Forum. Founded in 1994, the Forum, comprises representatives of aggregate and silica sand producers, through their trade associations, and English Nature. It works to raise awareness and promote action for biodiversity and geodiversity in England’s minerals industry. This report was commissioned by the Forum in recognition of a need to develop a methodology that could be used to assess the overall impact of aggregate/silica sand extraction in any given area. This product would be useful primarily at a strategic planning level, but also in directing more local decisions on quarry location and restoration schemes. Quarrying has by its nature impacted on England’s wildlife and biodiversity. Active quarries can provide habitats for wildlife populations, but in most cases, operational areas are likely to have significantly different and lower wildlife value than the original land. When quarrying ceases, land may revert naturally, or through designed restoration and re-creation schemes, to habitat capable of supporting a diverse wildlife population. In most cases however, this will be a different habitat or biodiversity value to the original land. Previous studies have highlighted both the adverse impacts, and the actual and potential contribution of quarried land, both operational and non-operational, to the wildlife resource of a local area. However no studies have fully quantified the net biodiversity gains or losses arising from quarrying, or determined whether the activity was sustainable in wildlife terms. This pilot study aimed to identify a habitat and species ‘balance sheet’ for two mineralogically different areas, one dominated by hard rock quarries, the other by sand and gravel pits. The study also aimed to develop a GIS based approach, as the best way of capturing landscape-scale data. The Research Report sets out the findings and views of the contractors, which are not necessarily those of the Minerals and Nature Conservation Forum. We do however believe this research is a useful first step toward a more developed product. Further research and development, to be carried out over the next year, will take forward the ideas in this report with the aim of providing a robust and widely applicable methodology that can be used alone, or in conjunction with, existing systems for assessing biodiversity value. Dr Tom Moat Chair of Minerals and Nature Conservation Forum Contents Foreword Part A - Evaluation of techniques in pilot study areas.......................................................11 Executive summary..................................................................................................................11 Introduction ..........................................................................................................................13 Project outline ..............................................................................................................13 Overall project bjectives ..............................................................................................13 Report structure............................................................................................................14 Approach to study....................................................................................................................14 Background to approach ..............................................................................................14 Defining the method ....................................................................................................14 Consultation ..........................................................................................................................15 Defining spatial and temporal boundaries ...............................................................................15 Defining study areas ....................................................................................................15 Defining a minerals site ...............................................................................................16 Habitat classification systems......................................................................................16 Defining and measuring biodiversity.......................................................................................17 Background to biodiversity conservation ....................................................................17 Definition of biodiversity.............................................................................................18 Measuring biodiversity ................................................................................................18 Assessment methods ................................................................................................................19 Broad habitats ..............................................................................................................19 Designated sites ...........................................................................................................20 Priority habitat inventories...........................................................................................21 Species specific data ....................................................................................................21 Projected losses and gains............................................................................................21 Evaluation of techniques used in pilot areas............................................................................22 Availability of data ......................................................................................................22 Analysis technique.......................................................................................................24 Interpretation of results................................................................................................26 Summary of study area pilots ..................................................................................................26 Mineral resource comparisons .....................................................................................29 Future applicability of study findings..........................................................................30 Recommendations....................................................................................................................30 Conclusion ...................................................................................................................31 Appendix 1 Individuals and organisations consulted ..........................................................33 Appendix 2 Defining spatial and temporal boundaries .......................................................35 Appendix 3 Measuring biodiversity ....................................................................................39 Appendix 4 Assessment methods ........................................................................................47 Part B1 - Biodiversity Audit – White Peak..........................................................................49 Executive summary..................................................................................................................49 Introduction ..........................................................................................................................51 Report structure............................................................................................................52 Data sources ..........................................................................................................................52 Introduction..................................................................................................................52 The study area ..........................................................................................................................53 Introduction..................................................................................................................53 Types of mineral extraction .........................................................................................53 Defining the study area ................................................................................................54 Data analysis ..........................................................................................................................56 Gains and losses of broad habitats...............................................................................56 Gains and losses of broad habitats through the aggregates industry ...........................59 Methodological
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