Statistical Multiplexing in Cable TV Networks

Statistical multiplexing in Cable TV networks Efficient and flexible usage of bandwidth for high resolution video without compromising the service quality Efficient usage of bandwidth with excellent service quality

Cable TV networks are running out of free frequencies due to increasing number of TV channels with higher video resolutions, ever growing need for higher broadband speeds, and new DOCSIS® standards. Statistical multiplexing enables efficient usage of bandwidth and ensures high quality viewing experience for consumers.

New DOCSIS® standards promise better performance, but may require even 192 MHz wide frequency slots for full utilization in addition to the current 8 MHz slots per channel. To be able to accommodate the increasing number of bandwidth-hungry services - video and data - the content needs to be compressed, and our solution for statistical multiplexing can do that without compromising the quality of service.

Why is statistical multiplexing needed?

The traffic in Cable TV networks is bursty, meaning that the peak usage is greater than the average usage. As opposed to traditional TV broadcasting, which allocates a constant bit rate for every channel transmitted, statistical multiplexing dynamically allocates bandwidth to each channel on an as-needed basis and only to channels that are currently transmitting to make the best use of total available bandwidth and to maximize network efficiency. With our solution for statistical multiplexing including the headend platform Luminato and the Optimo configured for statistical multiplexing, the operator can reach even 20% higher capacity while ensuring an outstanding viewing experience for the viewers at all times.

Without statistical multiplexing With statistical multiplexing Mux capacity

Channel D

Channel C

Channel B Channel B

Channel A Channel A

More efficient use of total available bandwidth enables 20% more channels

Luminato - reliable headend platform with small footprint and high density

Teleste Luminato is the most compact headend platform in the industry with minimal power consumption. It is one of the most reliable headend platforms on the market: there are thousands of units operational all over the world around the clock, yet the failure rate has proven to be lower than 0,3%. The Luminato chassis is divided into six module slots, which can be equipped with any of the available Luminato receiver and/or output modules.

Versatile receivers for content acquisition and management

Luminato receivers offer tools to manage incoming video and audio signals received via satellite, terrestrial, cable and IP interfaces. They support encrypted and “free to air” content in various resolutions up to UHD (Ultra High Definition) in several formats (MPEG-2, MPEG-4 AVC and HEVC). With advanced transport stream processing, the operator can select the services Conditional Access

Satellite Demux Statmux Mux Terrestrial

Terrestrial Luminato Optimo Luminato Cable receivers IP IP transmitters IP IP TS processing Video processing TS processing Decryption PSI/SI/EPG ASI User apps Encryption ASI

Reliable compression with Luminato & Optimo

and components which are relevant to his network and filter out nonessential service components that would otherwise load statistical multiplexers or the network unnecessarily. The IP output of the receivers feeds the signals to Optimo that performs statistical multiplexing of the video content and decoding of the audio components.

Statistical multiplexing with Optimo - reach 20% higher capacity

Although filtering out unnecessary stream components in Luminato makes a great difference, the biggest benefit is achieved by performing statistical multiplexing in Teleste Optimo. As a result, the capacity can increase 20% per multi program transport stream (MPTS). The Optimo supports various video formats (HEVC, H.264, MPEG-2) and all common audio formats such as MPEG-1 L2 and AC3. Typically video compression is used while audio is left uncompressed.

The clever statistical multiplexing algorithms guarantee error free and high quality video transmission. Although the sum of peak bitrates would exceed the transmission capacity, the practical sum of peak bitrates is often less than the theoretical maximum. Even the theoretical maximum can be managed by increased compression rate.

The Optimo offers great flexibility in balancing between quality and capacity, as the bitrate, resolution and number of channels can be optimized for outputs. It allows defining of minimum, maximum and nominal bitrates of individual video components, their priorities and maximum bitrate per MPTS.

Luminato edge QAM’s for DVB-C content distribution

The Teleste Luminato quad QAM modules provide an advanced solution for Cable TV operators to DVB-C delivery over HFC- network. The Luminato edge QAM output modules multiplex additional components, such as PSI/SI tables to the dense MPTS content stream that Optimo supplies. The edge QAM modules can perform scrambling and support MPEG transport streams likewise Luminato receivers.

The edge QAM modules can be placed in the same Luminato chassis that is also equipped with Luminato receiver modules or alternatively edge QAM modules can be placed in remote locations while receivers are centralized. All modules have an IP connection that offers freedom to select the ideal network topology for the operator’s specific needs. Technical specifications

Control and management SNMP network management/ Application programming interface Text based management/configuration monitoring HTML based UI SNMP v2c REST XML API Telnet/CLI Luminato receivers RF input Frequency range Constellation Symbol rate Satellite: DVB-S / DVB-S2 / 950...2150 MHz QPSK, 8PSK, 16APSK, 32 APSK 1.5 ... 67.5 MS/s DVB-S2X Terrestrial: DVB-T, DVB-T2, 47 ... 862 MHz QPSK, DQPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM, ISDB-T 256QAM Cable: DVB-C, ITU-T J.83 Annex 110 MHz ... 862 MHz 16QAM, 64QAM, 128QAM, 256QAM 4 ... 7.4 MS/s A and B IP input Packet format Maximum bitrate Format Unicast and/or multicast IP/UDP or RTP/UDP/IP 1 ... 7 TS packets 2*192 Mb/s CBR & VBR per frame ASI receivers Maximum speed per interface Maximum bitrate (4 ports combined) Standard Up to 4 ports in one module 216 Mbit/s 500 Mbit/s EN50083-9 Descrambling DVB Common Interface CA module TS bitrate Dual slot (PCMCIA) DVB_CI EN50221 PC-Card type II up to 192 Mbit/s Stream processing PSI/SI tables Format Stream redundancy Demultiplexing, PID filtering, Generated automatically and/or manually Any content in transport stream format 1+4 (Quad level security) remapping, pass-through IP output Packet format Maximum bitrate Format Unicast and/or multicast IP/UDP or RTP/UDP/IP 1 ... 7 TS packets 500 Mbit/s (AES) 390 Mbit/s (CSA) MPTS, SPTS per frame Optimo statistical multiplexer IP input Packet format Interface Format Unicast and/or multicast IP/UDP or RTP/UDP/IP 1 ... 7 TS packets 2*10GbE SFP slots, 10*1000BaseT CBR & VBR per frame Statistical multiplexing Number of MPTS Maximum bitrate per MPTS Supported codecs 500 Mbit/s throughput Max 25 160 Mbps HEVC, H-264 (MPEG-4 AVC), MPEG-2 IP output Packet format Interface Capacity Unicast and/or multicast IP/UDP or RTP/UDP/IP 1 ... 7 TS packets 2*10GbE SFP slots, 10*1000BaseT 250 encoded channels per frame Luminato transmitters IP input Packet format Maximum input streams per module Dejittering buffers Unicast and/or multicast IP/UDP or RTP/UDP/IP 1 ... 7 TS packets 120 200 ms per frame Stream processing PSI/SI tables Multiplexing TS bitrate Multiplexing, PID filtering, Generated automatically and/or manually 4 Multiplexers per module Depends on QAM settings remapping, pass-through Scrambling Scrambled services Standard Conditional Access Algorithm Embedded Max 120 services per module DVB Simulcrypt AES-128 bit, CSA IP output Packet format Maximum bitrate Format Unicast and/or multicast IP/UDP or RTP/UDP/IP 1 ... 7 TS packets 500 Mbit/s (AES) 390 Mbit/s (CSA) MPTS, SPTS per frame RF output Frequency range Constellation Symbol rate DVB-C, ITU-T J.83 Annex A and C 110 MHz ... 862 MHz 64QAM, 128QAM, 256QAM 4 ... 7.4 MS/s

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