Edited by Rabbi Tuly Weisz The Israel Bible: Leviticus First Edition, 2018

Menorah Books An imprint of Koren Publishers Jerusalem Ltd.

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The Israel Bible was produced by Israel365 in cooperation with Teach for Israel and is used with permission from Teach for Israel. All rights reserved.

The English translation was adapted by Israel365 from the JPS Tanakh. Copyright © 1985 by the Jewish Publication Society. All rights reserved.

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The Israel Bible is a holy book that contains the name of God and should be treated with respect. Table of Contents

iv Credits v Acknowledgements viii Aleph Bet Chart ix Introduction xv Foreward xviii Blessing Before and After Reading theTorah :

19 The Book of Leviticus 99 Biographies of The Israel Bible Scholars 101 Bibliography 112 List of Transliterated Words in The Israel Bible 127 Photo Credits 128 Chart of the Hebrew Months and their Holidays 131 Map of Modern-Day Israel and its Neighbors 132 List of Prime Ministers of the State of Israel 133 Prayer for the State of Israel 136 Prayer for the Welfare of Israel’s Soldiers 138 Hatikvah

iii Credits

Commentary and introductions for The Israel Bible were written by the following scholars:

Bereishit (Genesis): Rabbi Tuly Weisz Shemot (Exodus): Rabbi Tuly Weisz Vayikra (Leviticus): Shira Schechter Bamidbar (Numbers): Shira Schechter Devarim (Deuteronomy): Shira Schechter Yehoshua (Joshua): Rabbi Shmuel Jablon Shoftim (Judges): Rabbi Shmuel Jablon Shmuel (Samuel): Rabbi Shmuel Jablon Melachim (Kings): Rabbi Shmuel Jablon Yeshayahu (Isaiah): Rabbi Yaakov Beasley Yirmiyahu (Jeremiah): Rabbi Yaakov Beasley Yechezkel (Ezekiel): Rabbi Yaakov Beasley Trei Asar (The Twelve Prophets) Rabbi Yaakov Beasley Tehillim (Psalms): Rabbi Avi Baumol Mishlei (Proverbs): Ahuva Balofsky Iyov (Job): Alexander Jacob Tsykin Shir Hashirim (Song of Songs): Batya Markowitz Rut (Ruth): Rabbi Tuly Weisz Eicha (Lamentations): Rabbi Noam Shapiro Kohelet (Ecclesiastes): Batya Markowitz Esther (Esther): Batya Markowitz Daniel (Daniel): Batya Markowitz Ezra v’Nechemya (Ezra and Nehemiah): Josh Even-Chen Divrei Hayamim (Chronicles): Alexander Jacob Tsykin Maps Editor: Lorien Balofsky Associate Editor: Shira Schechter Editor: Rabbi Tuly Weisz Production Management: Avishai Magence Commentary Editor: Rabbi Alan Haber Copy Editing: Efrat Gross Typesetting: Estie Dishon Cover Design: Tani Bayer Icon Design: Eliyahu Misgav

iv Acknowledgements

Producing a Tanakh is a massive undertaking that requires a tremendous team of “wise students,” as the Hebrew expression goes. The Israel Bible would never have seen the light of day without the herculean efforts of numerous contributors. First and foremost, SHIRA SCHECHTER dedicated several years as associate editor of The Israel Bible and saw the project through from beginning till end. With a perfect balance of meticulousness and fear of Heaven, she carefully supervised all aspects of research, development, editing and production. Shira’s innate appreciation for Hebrew grammar along with her sharp eye and love for the subject matter, can be felt on every page. Thank you to the esteemed scholars who contributed their immense Tanakh knowledge to this groundbreaking initiative: RABBIS AVI BAUMOL, YAAKOV BEASLEY, SHMUEL JABLON AND ALEXANDER JACOB TSYKIN, AHUVA BALOFSKY, JOSH EVEN-CHEN, and BATYA MARKOWITZ. The breadth of yourTorah scholarship, along with your love for Israel, served as a constant inspiration. I would like to thank the devoted staff of Israel365 for their vast and varied contributions to The Israel Bible in the five years since we naively asked each other, “How hard could it be to create a brand new Tanakh?” First, to LORIEN BALOFSKY who was there in the beginning and designed the first versions of The Israel Bible along with many features of this volume, including the maps. And to all the other creative geniuses: MAAYAN HOFFMAN, TSIVYA FOX, ORLY GIBSON and SHLOMO VILE. To the brilliant strategic team SHIFRA GOLDMEIER, AYAL KELLMAN, STEVEN GOLDSTEIN, SIMONE SOMERS, GILA HALPERN, MAZZ WHITE and CLARINDA YUVIENCO. To the truth- seeking reporters and editors of Breaking Israel News, ABRA FORMAN, ELIYAHU ADAM BERKOWITZ, JONATHAN BENEDEK, RIVKAH LAMBERT ADLER and ELIANA RUDEE. And a special yasher koach to SHLOMO SCHREIBMAN whose acumen enabled this important effort to continue.

v I would also like to acknowledge our “alumni” whose skills and personali- ties shaped The Israel Bible over the years: JILLIAN EZEKIEL, RACHAEL PLATT and ALIZA ABRAHAMOVITZ. A major debt of gratitude is owed to my trusted friends and advisors ROBERT FROHLINGER, RAFI COHEN and ARIEL GOLDBERG, whose wise counsel continues to guide Israel365. Thank you to the faculty of the Yeshiva for the Nations RABBIS SHIMON APISDORF, ELAN ADLER, YISHAI FLEISHER and MOSHE LICHTMAN who taught me a deep appreciation for Eretz Yisrael when I was his student, and SHARON NIV. Teach for Israel made possible the research and writing of The Israel Bible and I would like to thank the board of directors for their years of friendship and encouragement: NOAM LIPSHITZ, SCOTT OSBORNE, MARC SINGER and DAVID SWAGGERTY. I am indebted to the spiritual mentorship of RABBI SHLOMO RISKIN and DAVID NEKRUTMAN of the Center for Jewish Christian Understanding and Cooperation for their pioneering work and for contributing the foreward to The Israel Bible. Every page of this volume testifies to the impressive skill of the profes- sionals at Koren Publishers Jerusalem including MATTHEW MILLER, YEHOSHUA MILLER, RABBI AVISHAI MAGENCE, RABBI ALAN HABER, YEHUDIT SINGER, ESTIE DISHON, TANI BAYER and ASHIRAH YOSEFAH of their Menorah imprint. As Israel’s foremost Bible publishers, Koren represents a heritage of excellence and it was an honor to collaborate on this important undertaking with their prodigious staff. Thanks to RABBI BARRY SCHWARTZ and LEIF MILLIKEN for their assistance in providing the well respected New Jewish Publication Society English translation for inclusion in this volume. In addition to its many unique features, The Israel Bible is the firstTanakh to be financed through crowdfunding. I can’t thank enough the close to 1,000 contributors of our online campaign who enthusiastically supported our idea and waited patiently for its publication. While many Jews and non-Jews from all over the world eagerly participated with great generosity, a sincere thank you is to a special and humble friend of Israel from Nigeria. I am greatly appreciative of the gift in honor of EKPE NDIYO EKPE by his loving son. Over the years, I have had many mentors, teachers and rabbis who deeply impacted me and taught me a love for Torah. I have been fortunate to benefit from many, yet would like to thank RABBI ZEVULUN CHARLOP, dean of

vi the Rabbi Isaac Elchanan Theological Seminary for our private study sessions and his enthusiasm for my work in general and this initiative in particular. I would like to acknowledge the influence of my two grandfathers, RABBI DAVID STAVSKY AND GEORGE WEISZ, both of blessed memory. In very different ways, my grandfathers equally taught invaluable lessons of hard work and self-sacrifice on behalf ofTorah . My grandmothers, PEPPI WEISZ and RUTH STAVSKY and ROSALIND DOMBROFF have assumed the role of beloved matriarchs to our family, and should be blessed with longevity. My in-laws, RHONDA and DR. TOM WEISS, are like parents to me and have provided loving encouragement and much appreciated support. They should see much “nachas” from all their children and grandchildren. I would like to thank my own precious children who were my real inspiration for The Israel Bible. Feeding off their wide-eyed enthusiasm in learning the holy words of the Torah in school — and in Hebrew no less — I felt invigorated to immerse myself in our ancient heritage. With eternal gratitude to Hashem, I am fortunate for the opportunity each day “to teach these words to my children,” SHAINDEE, BELLA, DOVID, TZOFIA and AMITAI. My ultimate thanks are reserved for my beloved wife, ABBY, for her steadfast support. Anything I have achieved is to her credit. Certainly, that is true for The Israel Bible, which only came about through her guiding our family to fulfilling our dream of making Aliyah. May all the blessings that emerge from the study of The Israel Bible reward her with her innermost prayer: that our children always embrace the eternal values of the Torah of Israel. Finally, all my colleagues in producing this volume join me in offering our profound thanksgiving to the Almighty for permitting us to help spread love for the Land and the People of Israel. May the God of Israel continue His blessings so that The Israel Bible shapes the minds and hearts of all His children for generations to come.

Naphtali “Tuly” Weisz Ramat Beit Shemesh, Israel Shevat 5778 / February 2018

vii Aleph Bet Chart

viii Introduction

The Hebrew Bible is commonly known as the Tanakh which stands for Torah (the Five Books of Moses), Neviim (the Prophets) and Ketuvim (the Writings). The Tanakh consists of 24 books that are considered by Jews to be the word of God. While these books have been referred to as the “Old Testament,” many Jews reject this label since it implies the replacement of the Hebrew Bible with something newer and prefer the more authentic Jewish name. The Tanakh is not only the most important book known to man, it is God’s word that is perfect and absolute. It is therefore a daunting undertaking to publish an edition of the Tanakh, and the responsibilities are awesome. There is no room for error or carelessness in dealing with the eternal word of God. Further, upon embarking on such a serious initiative, we ask ourselves if our efforts are gratuitous. Considering the many editions of the Bible in print, is there truly a need for yet another one? While there are numerous Bibles in circulation today, its most central aspect — the Land of Israel – has often been overlooked. References to Israel appear on nearly every page, and the city of Jerusalem is specifically referred to hundreds of times throughout the Bible. The essential link between Israel and Torah is emphasized repeatedly in verses such as, “For instruction (Torah) shall come forth from Tzion, the word of Hashem from Yerushalayim” (Micah 4:2). The miraculous return of the People of Israel to the Land of Israel in our own generation, and the celebration of the State of Israel’s 70th anniversary this year provides the perfect moment for a new volume to fill this void in biblical literature. The Israel Bible includes many special features elucidating God’s focus on Israel throughout Tanakh and there are many additional, multimedia features available on our website WWW.THEISRAELBIBLE. COM.

ix Ordering and Presentation — In presenting The Israel Bible, our goal is to spread awareness of the biblical significance of the Land of Israel as well as the Jewish people’s eternal connection to the land, based on the text of the Tanakh, the Hebrew Bible. We aim to honor “the God, the People and the Land of Israel” from an Orthodox Jewish perspective. To that end, The Israel Bible follows the traditional Jewish ordering of the books and the customary Hebrew division of chapters. Therefore, for example, we count 24 books of Tanakh with Sefer Divrei Hayamim (Chronicles) appearing last. It is our hope that our rich content will speak to all Jews and non-Jews who appreciate Israel as the God given land of the Jewish people.

English Translation — Throughout history, Jews have studied the Bible in Hebrew, as any form of translation would miss much of the nuance of the original holy tongue in which Torah has been transmitted since the days of Moses. However, as many Jews settled in America in the 19th Century, the need for an English translation became necessary. To be sure, there were already English translations prepared over the centuries by Christians, but in the words of the original editors of the Jewish Publication Society (JPS), “The Jew cannot afford to have his Bible translation prepared for him by others. He cannot have it as a gift, even as he cannot borrow his soul from others.” JPS set out in the late 1800’s to publish an authoritative English transla- tion “in the spirit of Jewish tradition.” It was compiled over decades by some of the leading Jewish scholars of the time. They formed committees and sub- committees to compare existing English versions, considering medieval and modern Jewish commentators. The monumental JPS translation, originally published in 1917, has been updated in recent years and The Israel Bible is proud to utilize the 1984 New Jewish Publication Society (NJPS) version with its modern, clear language, as well as its wide-ranging acceptance as an accurate and high-quality translation. We applied the NJPS translation verba- tim, except for a select list of nouns, which we replaced with their traditional Hebrew names. This is true even when we found the NJPS translation to be different than the popular translation of a word or phrase and when the NJPS switched the order of the text for the sake of clarity (see, for example, Ezekiel 24:22-24).

Hebrew Transliteration — To give our readers an authentic Tanakh experi- ence, every verse that has commentary is transliterated from Hebrew into English. The Hebrew alphabet chart includes our standards for transliteration

x and pronunciation of Hebrew verses, enabling readers of The Israel Bible to decipher key biblical passages in the holy language. Readers can hear the en- tire Bible read in Hebrew on our website WWW.THEISRAELBIBLE.COM. There are various standards when it comes to transliterating Hebrew words into English letters. While we have relied primarily on the classical Hebrew transliteration, we have occasionally deviated for the sake of simplicity, clarity and to reflect common usage. In addition to whole verses, we have also transliterated many proper nouns in the English translation so that our readers can learn the names of key biblical figures and locations in their Hebrew form. As a rule, we chose to transliterate names of people that were central in the establishment and functioning of the nation of Israel, as well as significant places in the Holy Land. Therefore, regarding Adam’s sons, for example, only Shet (Seth) is transliterated since it was from him that Noach (Noah) and ultimately Avraham (Abraham) descended. For this reason, there might be verses or sections of The Israel Bible that contains multiple names and only some of them are transliterated. For the same reason, we have transliterated the names of the books of Tanakh when referring to them in our introductions and commentary. When referencing a specific chapter or verse, however, we use the English names of the books in our citations for clarity. We also transliterated ideas and concepts that are central to Judaism such as Shabbat (Sabbath), the names of the Jewish holidays and the Beit Hamikdash (Temple), as well as biblical measurements. Finally, the name of God is transliterated. Out of respect, Orthodox Jews generally refer to the Lord as Hashem, which literally means ‘the Name.’ Referring to God as Hashem reminds us that we feel close to Him but also recognize our distance at the same time. To stress this moniker, we transliterated both the Tetragrammaton as well as the name Elohim as Hashem.

Study Notes — Our unique commentary was compiled by Orthodox Jewish scholars who live in Israel. It is an anthology in the sense that most of the commentary is not original, but draws from traditional teachings of early Jewish Sages and modern rabbinic commentators. We also include quotations from individuals who have played a significant part in the past century of modern Israeli history including Israeli prime ministers, poets and military leaders.

xi Our commentary can be broken into four categories, three of which are identified by an icon at the beginning of the study note: Israel lessons are indicated with an icon bearing the map of Israel and focus on the Land of Israel and the modern State of Israel. Jewish lessons are indicated with a Torah scroll and teach a concept in Judaism or a classic idea from rabbinic thought. Hebrew lessons are represented by an icon bearing the letteraleph and focus on the meaning of a Hebrew word or phrase. All other comments are considered general comments and are not assigned an icon.

Supplemental Material — In addition to our unique translation and original commentary, The Israel Bible offers supplementary material to enrich the learning experience of our readers. Before every book of Tanakh, we provide an introduction, as well as information, generally in the form of a map, a chart or a list, which is central to the specific book.

Maps — As the purpose of The Israel Bible is to highlight the biblical significance of the Land of Israel, significant time was spent researching and preparing maps to bring the physical contours of the holy land to life with great accuracy. However, since there is a lack of information regarding the precise locations of certain ancient cities, some of the places on our maps are approximate or subject to debate. In these cases, we followed the opinion that we are most comfortable with, but acknowledge that there is room for disagreement. We continue to produce new maps, which are available on our website WWW.THEISRAELBIBLE.COM/MAPS.

Torah Readings — TheTorah is not just a work that is studied privately, it is also read out loud in synagogue. Every Shabbat and holiday a portion of the Torah is read, as well as a related section from Neviim, the prophets, called the haftarah. For this reason, we included the blessings recited before and after the reading of the Torah. Readers can always find the current week’s Torah portion by visiting WWW.THEISRAELBIBLE.COM/WEEKLY-TORAH- PORTION. In this volume, we indicate where a new Torah portion begins by highlighting the Hebrew verse number with a gray box so readers can follow along with the communal Torah readings. Furthermore, we have included prayers for the State of Israel and the soldiers of the Israel Defense Forces

xii (IDF) that are generally recited following the Torah reading in synagogue. It is our constant prayer that God watch over the State of Israel and the members of the IDF, who defend Israel every hour of every day.

In 1948, the State of Israel was created providing a modern answer to Isaiah’s ancient question, “Is a nation born all at once?” (Isaiah 66:8). We are now in the 70th year of God’s miraculous restoration of the People of Israel to the Land of Israel. Jewish wisdom teaches that 70 is a significant number:Moshe (Moses) translated the Torah into 70 languages for all 70 nations of the world. From our very origins, the Jewish people were meant to be a light unto the 70 nations, spreading God’s truth to the masses. In the seven decades since the modern rebirth of the the State of Israel, God’s plan has been unfolding with unprecedented speed, dramatic highs and heart-breaking lows. Never has Israel been at the forefront of the world’s attention as it is in our generation. Efforts to vilify the Jewish State seem to spread every day across the globe. At the same time, so does the growing movement of millions of non-Jewish biblical Zionists who stand with the nation of Israel as an expression of their commitment to God’s word. As we seek to understand the clash of these two conflicting worldviews, the need for The Israel Bible has never been so important. Standing on the great shoulders of those who came before us and emanating from the land that has always served as the birthplace for the Bible, we conclude with a heartfelt prayer: May the Almighty bless our efforts in offering thisTanakh to influence the hearts, minds and actions of its readers. In this way, it is our hope to spread God’s name so that the publication of The Israel Bible brings us one step closer to the final redemption of Israel and the entire world. Rabbi Tuly Weisz Editor, The Israel Bible

xiii

Foreward

The mandate to study God’s word daily is interestingly not found in the Five Books of Moses (Pentateuch), but rather in the first book of our prophetic writings: “Let not this Book of the Teaching cease from your lips, but recite it day and night, so that you may observe faithfully all that is written in it. Only then will you prosper in your undertakings and only then will you be successful” (Joshua 1:8). Charged with bringing the Israelites into the land covenantally promised to Abraham, Isaac and Jacob, God ensures Joshua of His protection if the nation observes His ways as dictated in the Divine constitution known as the Torah. In Jewish tradition, Joshua (1:8) is directly linked with Deuteronomy (11:14), “You shall gather in your new grain and wine, and oil.”1 Our Sages deduced from this scriptural combination the importance of merging Torah study with a profession. Completely dedicating oneself to the study of Torah without having the financial means to sustain this lifestyle can lead one to eventually straying from observance of God’s will. Poverty and crime can have an intimate relationship. We must also be careful that our work does not affect our daily study of Scripture. The addiction of becoming a workaholic and not making Torah study a priority can also lead one into temptations that can violate our personal relationship with Him as well as our fellow human beings. The goal is to achieve a healthy balance between our study of God’s word and our daily work. The Deuteronomic verse quoted above is part of the second section of the Shema2 that discusses the concept of reward and punishment. Sanctifying God by fulfilling His commandments results in the Land of Israel practically benefitting from rains that occur in the right season and reaping the abundance from the fields. However, if the nation follows pagan gods and practices, the consequences are devastating – famine and death. The Land of Israel is intrinsically linked with the keeping of the Torah. Covenant Land comes with covenant responsibility. xv Born into slavery, Joshua is now leading His people into the Promised Land. More than 500 years separates him from his ancestral forefather Abraham. The historical narratives that took place between Abraham leaving everything behind to follow God in Genesis 12 and the death of Moses in the last chapter of Deuteronomy are filled with intrigue, suspense, joy, sorrow and hope. What began as a family is now a nation actualizing its mission to be a kingdom of priests to the world. However, for the Israelites to succeed in the Land of Israel, they must see the Torah as the only compass to direct their lives. The biblical episodes after our first entry into the land are well known. Our ancestors’ triumphs and sins are all on public record. We learned the harsh reality of Leviticus (18:28) “So let not the land spew you out for defiling it as it spewed out the nation that came before you.” Twice, we lost the privilege to be stewards of the Land of Israel and to fulfill our nation state mandate to be a light to the world. However, when the annals of history were ready to archive the Jewish people after the Holocaust, God kept His covenantal promise and gathered us from the four corners of the globe to come home. The year 1948 was a game changer. Biblical prophecies were and are being realized. We are now living in the birth pangs of the messianic era. In our morning prayers, we recite a series of blessings over the Torah that include petitioning God to have a sweet tooth for His word, to study it without any ulterior motive and to have Him to teach it to us. They are some congregations that invoke the following liturgical prayer after the completion of these blessings: May the Torah be my faith and El Shaddai my help. Blessed be the name of His glorious kingdom forever and all time. According to Jewish tradition, the neglect of not blessing the Torah before engaging in its study was one of the reasons for the destruction of the Temple.3 This is deduced from the redundancy of words in Jeremiah (9:12) that talks about Israel not following God: “…Because they forsook the teaching I had set before them. They did not obey Me and they did not follow it [did not make a blessing before studying it].” Our inability to properly cherish God’s greatest gift to the world, the Torah, led to our eventual exile from our land. The State of Israel will celebrate its 70th birthday this year. On Israel’s Independence Day, Jews around the world recite Psalms 113-118 to express our gratitude to God for His Divine hand in helping establish the State of

3. Babylonian Talmud Nedarim 81a

xvi Israel. We have learned from our past and realize the privilege to see firsthand the land, people and Torah operating all together in our generation. When Rabbi Tuly Weisz approached me about his intent to publish The Israel Bible that would highlight commentary about the special relationship between the land and people, I saw this project as another way to publicly demonstrate our appreciation to God for having the State of Israel. In addition, it is another educational tool to ensure biblical literacy. If we are to truly enjoy the Land of Israel, it is incumbent upon us to continually study the Torah. Isaiah once prophesied that the Jewish people would return to Zion with songs, “crowned with everlasting joy” (35:10). The Israel Bible provides us the lyrical content to express our joy in living in the land that God calls holy. Rabbi Shlomo Riskin Chief Rabbi of Efrat Founder of the Center for Jewish-Christian Understanding & Cooperation (CJCUC)

xvii Blessing Before Reading the Torah: The one who has been called up to the Torah says: ָּבְר ּכו ֶאת ְיָי ַה ְמ ָבֹר ְך -Bless Hashem, the one who is ba-r’-KHU et a-do-NAI ham blessed vo-RAKH

The Congregation responds: ָּב ּרו ְך ְיָי ַה ְמ ָבֹר ְך -Blessed is Hashem, the one ba-RUKH a-do-NAI ham-vo ְל ָעולם ָו ֶעד who is blessed, for all eternity RAKH l’-o-LAM va-ED

The one who has been called up to the Torah continues: ָּב ּרו ְך ְיָי ַה ְמ ָבֹר ְך -Blessed is Hashem, the one ba-RUKH a-do-NAI ham-vo ְל ָעוֹלם ָו ֶעד who is blessed, for all eternity RAKH l’-o-LAM va-ED ָּב ּרו ְך ַא ָּתה ְיָי Blessed are you, Hashem ba-RUKH a-TAH a-do-NAI ֱא ֵלֹה ּינו ֶמ ֶל ְך ָה ָעוֹלם -Our God, King of the e-lo-HAY-nu ME-lekh ha-o universe LAM ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ָּב ַחר ָּב ּנו Who has chosen us a-SHER BA-khar BA-nu ִמ ָּכל ָה ַע ִּמים From among all the nations mi-KOL ha-a-MEEM ְו ָנ ַתן ָל ּנו And has given us v’-NA-tan LA-nu ֶאת ּתוֹ ָרתוֹ His Torah et to-ra-TO ָּב ּרו ְך ַא ָּתה ְיָי Blessed are you, Hashem ba-RUKH a-TAH a-do-NAI נוֹ ֵתן ַה ּתוֹ ָרה Giver of the Torah no-TAYN ha-to-RAH

Blessing After Reading the Torah:

ָּב ּרו ְך ַא ָּתה ְיָי Blessed are you, Hashem ba-RUKH a-TAH a-do-NAI ֱא ֵלֹה ּינו ֶמ ֶל ְך ָה ָעוֹלם -Our God, King of the e-lo-HAY-nu ME-lekh ha-o universe LAM ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ָנ ַתן ָל ּנו Who has given us a-SHER NA-tan LA-nu ּתוֹ ַרת ֱא ֶמת TheTorah of truth to-RAT e-MET ְו ַחֵּיי ָעוֹלם ָנ ַטע -’And planted eternal life v’-kha-YAY o-LAM na-TA b ְּב ֵתוֹכ ּנו within us to-KHAY-nu ָּב ּרו ְך ַא ָּתה ְיָי Blessed are you, Hashem ba-RUKH a-TAH a-do-NAI נוֹ ֵתן ַה ּתוֹ ָרה Giver of the Torah no-TAYN ha-to-RAH xviii Sefer Vayikra The Book of Leviticus

Introduction and commentary by Shira Schechter

Following the inspirational narrative of Sefer Bereishit (Genesis) and the exciting stories of Sefer Shemot (Exodus), it may appear at first glance that Sefer Vayikra (Leviticus) fails to live up to the standard set by its two dramatic predecessors. The name “Leviticus” comes fromLevi , the father of the priestly tribe, and much of its 27 chapters are devoted to describing the priestly rituals in great detail. Since most of these practices are not observed today, some modern readers have difficulty in finding practical significance in Sefer Vayikra, and thus miss out on its eternal values. To be sure, it is possible to get lost in all the nuances of the various rituals and offerings described inSefer Vayikra, but it is imperative that the reader not lose sight of the big picture. As we study the intricate details of the offerings, we discover that their overarching purpose is to bring the people closer to Hashem through His earthly dwelling place, as it says, “Make for Me a sanctuary, that I may dwell among them” (Exodus 25:8). Sefer Vayikra’s intricate details are necessary for us to bring God’s presence into our lives in a very physical way, by serving Him in a very specific manner. TheMishkan was a temporary edifice that paved the way for theBeit Hamikdash in Yerushalayim, which served as the permanent structure for worshipping the God of Israel. Today, even though we don’t have the Mishkan (Tabernacle) to uplift us or the Temple to pray in,Yerushalayim remains mankind’s special gateway between heaven and earth. Nowadays, our connection to Eretz Yisrael is still able to uplift our service toHashem . By delving deeper into the meaning behind the Torah’s ancient rituals and discovering their many fundamental truths, and by highlighting the role of Zion throughout the Book of Vayikra, it is our hope that The Israel Bible helps us fulfill the purpose of theMishkan : to bring God’s presence into our lives. May our study of The Israel Bible infuse us with sanctity as if we were bringing the offerings described inSefer Vayikra, and prepare us for the day when the Beit Hamikdash is rebuilt in Yerushalayim and we are able to fully feel God’s presence in this world. 19 Chart of the Korbanot Yachid (Offerings Brought by an Individual) While the end of Sefer Shemot describes the construction of the Mishkan (Tabernacle) at the foot of Mount Sinai, Sefer Vayikra focuses on the service performed in the Mishkan. It begins with the laws of korbanot (offerings) brought on the mizbayach (altar). The following chart outlines Sefer Vayikra chapters 1-5, which describe the korbanot yachid, or offerings brought by an individual.

Voluntary Offerings (Leviticus Chapters 1-3)

Type of korban Description What is brought Relevant verses

Korban Olah — An offering of an animal — the Cattle, Sheep, Goats, Fowl Leviticus Burnt Offering entire korban is burnt on the 1:1-17 mizbayach

Korban Mincha — An offering from flour - part a. Flour mixed with oil and Leviticus Meal Offering of the offering is burnt on the frankincense 2:1-16 mizbayach and part is eaten by b. Flour mixture baked in an the kohanim. oven c. Flour mixture fried on a griddle d. Flour mixture fried in a pan e. Flour taken from the first harvest

Korban Shelamim — An animal offering that is Cattle, Sheep, Goats Leviticus Peace Offering partially burnt on the mizbayach, 3:1-17 partially eaten by the kohanim and partially eaten by the owner.

Mandatory Offerings (Leviticus Chapters 4-5)

Type of Korban Reason for the Korban What is brought Relevant Verses

Korban Chatat — To atone for unintentional sins For General Transgressions: Leviticus Sin Offering a. Kohen — bull 4:1-35 b. The High Court — bull c. Prince — male goat d. Layman — a female goat or a female lamb For Specific Transgressions: Leviticus a. Wealthy Person — a female 5:1-13 goat or lamb b. Poor Person — two birds c. Very Poor Person — a plain flour offering

Korban Asham — To atone for taking from Temple Ram Leviticus Guilt Offering property, if one is unsure he 5:14-26 sinned, or for stealing from someone else

20 ויקרא

ויקרא א Vayikra Vayikra/Leviticus 1 ארקיו Leviticus Vayikra Leviticus א ַוִּי ְקָרא ֶאל־מֹשׁ ֶ ה ַוְי ַד ֵּבר ְי ָהוה ֵא ָליו Hashem called to Moshe and spoke to him from the 1 א ֵמ ֶאֹהל ֵמוֹעד ֵלאמֹר׃ :Tent of Meeting, saying 1 ב ַ ּד ֵּבר ֶא ְּל־ב ֵני ִי ְשׂ ָר ֵאל ְו ָא ַמְר ָּת ֲא ֵל ֶהם Speak to B’nei Yisrael, and say to them: When any 2 ָא ָדם ִּכ ַי־י ְקִריב ִמ ֶּכם ָקְר ָּבן ַל ָיהֹוה ִמן־ of you presents an offering of cattle toHashem , he ַה ְּב ֵה ָמה ִמ ַן־ה ָּב ָקר ּו ִמ ַן־ה ּצֹאן ַּת ְקִר ּיבו shall choose his offering from the herd or from the ֶא ָת־קְר ַּב ְנ ֶכם׃ .flock da-BAYR el b’-NAY yis-ra-AYL v’-a-mar-TA a-lay-HEM a-DAM kee yak-REEV mi- KEM kor-BAN la-do-NAI min ha-b’-hay-MAH min ha-ba-KAR u-min ha-TZON tak-REE-vu et kor-ban-KHEM ג ִא ָם־עֹלה ָקְר ָּבנוֹ ִמ ַן־ה ָּב ָקר ָז ָכר ָּת ִמים If his offering is a burnt offering from the herd, he 3 ַי ְקִר ֶיב ּנּו ֶא ֶּל־פ ַתח ֶאֹהל ֵמוֹעד ַי ְקִריב shall make his offering a male without blemish. He אֹתוֹ ִלְרצֹנוֹ ִל ְפ ֵני ְי ָהֹוה׃ ,shall bring it to the entrance of the Tent of Meeting for acceptance in his behalf before Hashem. ד ְו ָס ַמ ְך ָידוֹ ַעל רֹאשׁ ָה ָעֹלה ְו ִנְר ָצה לוֹ He shall lay his hand upon the head of the burnt 4 ְל ַכ ֵּפר ָע ָליו׃ offering, that it may be acceptable in his behalf, in expiation for him. ה ְושׁ ָ ַחט ֶא ֶּת־בן ַה ָּב ָקר ִל ְפ ֵני ְי ָהֹוה The bull shall be slaughtered beforeHashem ; and 5 ְו ִה ְקִר ּיבו ְּב ֵני ַא ֲהרֹן ַה ּכ ֲֹה ִנים ֶא ַת־ה ָ ּדם ,Aharon’s sons, the Kohanim, shall offer the blood ְוָזְר ּקו ֶא ַת־ה ָ ּדם ַע ַל־ה ִּמְז ֵּב ַח ָס ִביב dashing the blood against all sides of the mizbayach ֲאשׁ ֶ ֶּר־פ ַתח ֶאֹהל ֵמוֹעד׃ .which is at the entrance of the Tent of Meeting ו ְו ִה ְפשׁ ִ יט ֶא ָת־ה ָעֹלה ְו ִנ ַּתח ָאֹת ּה The burnt offering shall be flayed and cut up into 6 ִל ְנ ָת ֶח ָיה׃ .sections ז ְו ָנ ְת ּנו ְּב ֵני ַא ֲהרֹן ַה ּכ ֵֹהן ֵאשׁ ַע ַל־ה ִּמְז ֵּב ַח The sons ofAharon the Kohen shall put fire on the 7 ְו ָעְר ּכו ֵע ִצים ַע ָל־ה ֵאשׁ ׃ ;mizbayach and lay out wood upon the fire ח ְו ָעְר ּכו ְּב ֵני ַא ֲהרֹן ַה ּכ ֲֹה ִנים ֵאת ַה ְנּ ָת ִחים and Aharon’s sons, the Kohanim, shall lay out the 8 ֶא ָת־הרֹאשׁ ְו ֶא ַת־ה ָּפ ֶדר ַע ָל־ה ֵע ִצים sections, with the head and the suet, on the wood ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ַע ָל־ה ֵאשׁ ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ַע ַל־ה ִּמְז ֵּב ַח׃ . that is on the fire upon themizbayach ט ְו ִקְר ּבוֹ ּו ְכָר ָעיו ִיְר ַחץ ַּב ָּמִים ְו ִה ְק ִטיר Its entrails and legs shall be washed with water, and 9 ַה ּכ ֵֹהן ֶא ַת־ה ּכֹל ַה ִּמְז ֵּב ָחה ָעֹלה ִאשֵּׁ ה the Kohen shall turn the whole into smoke on the ֵר ַיח ִ־נ ַיחוֹח ַל ָיהֹוה׃ mizbayach as a burnt offering, an offering by fire of pleasing odor to Hashem. י ְו ִא ִם־מ ַן־ה ּצֹאן ָקְר ָּבנוֹ ִמ ַן־ה ְּכ ָשׂ ִבים אוֹ ,If his offering for a burnt offering is from the flock 10 ִמ ָן־ה ִעִ ּזים ְל ָעֹלה ָז ָכר ָּת ִמים ַי ְקִר ֶיב ּנּו׃ of sheep or of goats, he shall make his offering a male without blemish.

When any of you presents an offering of cattle translation of korban, ‘sacrifice,’ is insufficient, as it does 1:2 קרבן to Hashem Sefer Vayikra describes the various not accurately portray the essence of the word. While offerings that were brought in the Beit Hamikdash in the person bringing the offering might be giving something from his personal possessions, he gains much ,(קרבן) great detail. The Hebrew term for ‘offering,’korban meaning ‘close,’ since more than he gives. Now that we no longer have ,(ק-ר-ב) comes from the word karov the offerings are meant to bring people closer to the korbanot, prayer is the primary vehicle through which Eternal One. For this reason, the common English we come close to our Father in Heaven.

21 ויקרא ב Vayikra/Leviticus 2 ארקיו Vayikra Leviticus יא ְושׁ ָ ַחט אֹתוֹ ַעל ֶיֶר ְך ַה ִּמְז ֵּב ַח ָצ ָפֹנה ִל ְפ ֵני It shall be slaughtered before Hashem on the north 11 ְי ָהֹוה ְוָזְר ּקו ְּב ֵני ַא ֲהרֹן ַה ּכ ֲֹה ִנים ֶא ָ ּת־דמוֹ side of the mizbayach, and Aharon’s sons, the ַע ַל־ה ִּמְז ֵּב ַח ָס ִביב׃ Kohanim, shall dash its blood against all sides of the mizbayach. יב ְו ִנ ַּתח אֹתוֹ ִל ְנ ָת ָחיו ְו ֶאת־רֹאשׁ וֹ ְו ֶאת־ When it has been cut up into sections, the Kohen 12 ִּפ ְדרוֹ ְו ָעַר ְך ַה ּכ ֵֹהן ָאֹתם ַע ָל־ה ֵע ִצים shall lay them out, with the head and the suet, on ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ַע ָל־ה ֵאשׁ ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ַע ַל־ה ִּמְז ֵּב ַח׃ . the wood that is on the fire upon themizbayach יג ְו ַה ֶּקֶרב ְו ַה ְּכָר ַעִים ִיְר ַחץ ַּב ָּמִים ְו ִה ְקִריב The entrails and the legs shall be washed with 13 ַה ּכ ֵֹהן ֶא ַת־ה ּכֹל ְו ִה ְק ִטיר ַה ִּמְז ֵּב ָחה ָעֹלה water; the Kohen shall offer up and turn the whole ּהוא ִאשֵּׁ ה ֵר ַיח ִנ ַיחֹח ַל ָיהֹוה׃ ,into smoke on the mizbayach. It is a burnt offering an offering by fire, of pleasing odor toHashem . יד ְו ִאם ִמ ָן־העוֹף ָעֹלה ָקְר ָּבנוֹ ַל ָיהֹוה ,If his offering toHashem is a burnt offering of birds 14 ְו ִה ְקִריב ִמ ַן־ה ּתִֹרים אוֹ ִמ ְּן־ב ֵני ַה ּי ָוֹנה he shall choose his offering from turtledoves or ֶא ָת־קְר ָּבנוֹ׃ .pigeons טו ְו ִה ְקִריבוֹ ַה ּכ ֵֹהן ֶא ַל־ה ִּמְז ֵּב ַח ּו ָמ ַלק ֶאת־ TheKohen shall bring it to the mizbayach, pinch off 15 רֹאשׁ וֹ ְו ִה ְק ִטיר ַה ִּמְז ֵּב ָחה ְו ִנ ְמ ָצה ָדמוֹ ;its head, and turn it into smoke on the mizbayach ַעל ִקיר ַה ִּמְז ֵּב ַח׃ and its blood shall be drained out against the side of the mizbayach. טז ְו ֵה ִסיר ֶא ֻת־מְר ָאתוֹ ְּב ָנֹצ ָת ּה ְו ִהשׁ ְ ִל ְיך He shall remove its crop with its contents, and cast 16 ָאֹת ּה ֵא ֶצל ַה ִּמְז ֵּב ַח ֵק ְד ָמה ֶא ְל־מקוֹם it into the place of the ashes, at the east side of the ַ ה ָ ּ ד שׁ ֶ ן ׃ .mizbayach יז ְושׁ ִ ַּסע אֹתוֹ ִב ְכ ָנ ָפיו לֹא ַי ְב ִ ּדיל ְו ִה ְק ִטיר TheKohen shall tear it open by its wings, without 17 אֹתוֹ ַה ּכ ֵֹהן ַה ִּמְז ֵּב ָחה ַע ָל־ה ֵע ִצים ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ,severing it, and turn it into smoke on the mizbayach ַע ָל־ה ֵאשׁ ָעֹלה ּהוא ִאשֵּׁ ה ֵר ַיח ִנ ַיחֹח upon the wood that is on the fire. It is a burnt ַל ָיהֹוה׃ offering, an offering by fire, of pleasing odor to Hashem. א ְו ֶנ ֶפשׁ ִּכ ַי־ת ְקִריב ָקְר ַּבן ִמ ְנ ָחה ַל ָיהֹוה When a person presents an offering of meal to 1 ב ֶסֹלת ִי ְהֶיה ָקְר ָּבנוֹ ְוָי ַצק ָע ֶל ָיה שׁ ֶ ֶמן Hashem, his offering shall be of choice flour; he 2 ְו ָנ ַתן ָע ֶל ָיה ְל ָבֹנה׃ ,shall pour oil upon it, lay frankincense on it v’-NE-fesh kee tak-REEV kor-BAN min-KHAH la-do-NAI SO-let yih-YEH kor-ba- NO v’-ya-TZAK a-LE-ha SHE-men v’-na-TAN a-LE-ha l’-vo-NAH

2:1 When a person presents an offering of meal than the animals brought for the other offerings, and to Hashem In this verse, the Bible uses the word therefore, this offering is often brought specifically by soul,’ to describe the person bringing this poor people. When a poor person chooses to give from‘ ,(נפש) nefesh offering. The Talmud (Menachot 104b) explains that the his meager means to Hashem, He considers it as if the word “soul” is specifically chosen for the voluntary meal- person has offered his very soul. What matters to the offering, as opposed to any of the other sacrifices, Lord is not our material wealth, how much we have or because the meal-offering is comprised of flour, oil and even how much we give. It is the sincerity behind our frankincense. These ingredients are much less expensive actions that matters most.

22 ויקרא ב Vayikra/Leviticus 2 ארקיו Vayikra Leviticus ב ֶו ֱה ִב ָיא ּה ֶא ְּל־ב ֵני ַא ֲהרֹן ַה ּכ ֲֹה ִנים ְו ָק ַמץ and present it to Aharon’s sons, the Kohanim. The 2 ִמשָּׁ ם ְמלֹא ֻק ְמצוֹ ִמ ָּס ְל ָּת ּה ּו ִמשַּׁ ְמ ָנ ּה Kohen shall scoop out of it a handful of its choice ַעל ָּכ ְל־ל ָבֹנ ָת ּה ְו ִה ְק ִטיר ַה ּכ ֵֹהן ֶאת־ flour and oil, as well as all of its frankincense; and ַאְז ָּכָר ָת ּה ַה ִּמְז ֵּב ָחה ִאשֵּׁ ה ֵר ַיח ִנ ַיחֹח this token portion he shall turn into smoke on the ַל ָיהֹוה׃ mizbayach, as an offering by fire, of pleasing odor to Hashem. ג ְו ַה ֶנּוֹתֶרת ִמ ַן־ה ִּמ ְנ ָחה ְל ַא ֲהרֹן ּו ְל ָב ָניו And the remainder of the meal offering shall be 3 ֶקֹדשׁ ָק ָדשׁ ִ ים ֵמ ִאשֵּׁ י ְי ָהֹוה׃ for Aharon and his sons, a most holy portion from Hashem’s offerings by fire. ד ְו ִכי ַת ְקִרב ָקְר ַּבן ִמ ְנ ָחה ַמ ֲא ֵפה ַת ּנּור When you present an offering of meal baked in the 4 ֶסֹלת ַח ּלוֹת ַמ ּצֹת ְּב ּלולֹת ַּבשֶּׁ ֶמן ּוְר ִק ֵיקי oven, [it shall be of] choice flour: unleavened cakes ַמ ּצוֹת ְמשׁ ֻ ִחים ַּבשָּׁ ֶמן׃ with oil mixed in, or unleavened wafers spread with oil. ה ְו ִא ִם־מ ְנ ָחה ַע ַל־ה ַּמ ֲח ַבת ָקְר ָּב ֶנ ָך ֶסֹלת ,If your offering is a meal offering on a griddle 5 ְּב ּלו ָלה ַבשֶּׁ ֶמן ַמ ָּצה ִת ְהֶיה׃ ,it shall be of choice flour with oil mixed in unleavened. ו ָּפתוֹת ָאֹת ּה ִּפ ִּתים ְוָי ַצ ְק ָּת ָע ֶל ָיה שׁ ָ ֶמן Break it into bits and pour oil on it; it is a meal 6 ִמ ְנ ָחה ִהוא׃ .offering ז ְו ִא ִם־מ ְנ ַחת ַמְר ֶחשׁ ֶ ת ָקְר ָּב ֶנ ָך ֶסֹלת If your offering is a meal offering in a pan, it shall be 7 ַּבשֶּׁ ֶמן ֵּת ָע ֶשׂה׃ .made of choice flour in oil ח ְו ֵה ֵב ָאת ֶא ַת־ה ִּמ ְנ ָחה ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ֵי ָע ֶשׂה When you present to Hashem a meal offering that is 8 ֵמ ֵא ֶּלה ַל ָיהֹוה ְו ִה ְקִר ָיב ּה ֶא ַל־ה ּכ ֵֹהן made in any of these ways, it shall be brought to the ְו ִה ִּגישׁ ָ ּה ֶא ַל־ה ִּמְז ֵּב ַח׃ .Kohen who shall take it up to the mizbayach ט ְו ֵהִרים ַה ּכ ֵֹהן ִמ ַן־ה ִּמ ְנ ָחה ֶא ַת־אְז ָּכָר ָת ּה TheKohen shall remove the token portion from 9 ְו ִה ְק ִטיר ַה ִּמְז ֵּב ָחה ִאשֵּׁ ה ֵר ַיח ִנ ַיחֹח the meal offering and turn it into smoke on the ַל ָיהֹוה׃ mizbayach as an offering by fire, of pleasing odor to Hashem. י ְו ַה ֶנּוֹתֶרת ִמ ַן־ה ִּמ ְנ ָחה ְל ַא ֲהרֹן ּו ְל ָב ָניו And the remainder of the meal offering shall be 10 ֶקֹדשׁ ָק ָדשׁ ִ ים ֵמ ִאשֵּׁ י ְי ָהֹוה׃ for Aharon and his sons, a most holy portion from Hashem’s offerings by fire. יא ָּכ ַל־ה ִּמ ְנ ָחה ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ַּת ְקִר ּיבו ַל ָיהֹוה לֹא No meal offering that you offer toHashem shall be 11 ֵת ָע ֶשׂה ָח ֵמץ ִּכי ָכ ְל־שׂאֹר ְו ָכ ְ ּל־ד ַבשׁ made with leaven, for no leaven or honey may be ַלֹא־ת ְק ִט ּירו ִמ ֶּמ ּנּו ִאשֶּׁ ה ַל ָיהֹוה׃ . turned into smoke as an offering by fire toHashem יב ָקְר ַּבן ֵראשׁ ִ ית ַּת ְקִר ּיבו ָאֹתם ַל ָיהֹוה You may bring them to Hashem as an offering of 12 ְו ֶא ַל־ה ִּמְז ֵּב ַח ַלֹא־י ֲע ּלו ְלֵר ַיח ִנ ַיחֹח׃ choice products; but they shall not be offered up on the mizbayach for a pleasing odor. יג ְו ָכ ָל־קְר ַּבן ִמ ְנ ָח ְת ָך ַּב ֶּמ ַלח ִּת ְמ ָלח ְולֹא You shall season your every offering of meal with 13 ַתשׁ ְ ִּבית ֶמ ַלח ְּבִרית ֱא ֶלֹה ָיך ֵמ ַעל salt; you shall not omit from your meal offering the ִמ ְנ ָח ֶת ָך ַעל ָּכ ָל־קְר ָּב ְנ ָך ַּת ְקִריב ֶמ ַלח׃ salt of your covenant with Hashem; with all your offerings you must offer salt. יד ְו ִא ַּם־ת ְקִריב ִמ ְנ ַחת ִּב ּכ ּוִרים ַל ָיהֹוה , If you bring a meal offering of first fruits toHashem 14 ָא ִביב ָק ּלוי ָּב ֵאשׁ ֶּגֶרשׂ ַּכְר ֶמל ַּת ְקִריב you shall bring new ears parched with fire, grits of ֵאת ִמ ְנ ַחת ִּב ּכ ּוֶר ָיך׃ .the fresh grain, as your meal offering of first fruits

23 ויקרא ג Vayikra/Leviticus 3 ארקיו Vayikra Leviticus טו ְו ָנ ַת ָּת ָע ֶל ָיה שׁ ֶ ֶמן ְו ַשׂ ְמ ָּת ָע ֶל ָיה ְל ָבֹנה You shall add oil to it and lay frankincense on it; it is 15 ִמ ְנ ָחה ִהוא׃ .a meal offering טז ְו ִה ְק ִטיר ַה ּכ ֵֹהן ֶא ַת־אְז ָּכָר ָת ּה ִמ ִּגְר ָשׂ ּה And the Kohen shall turn a token portion of it into 16 ּו ִמשַּׁ ְמ ָנ ּה ַעל ָּכ ְל־ל ָבֹנ ָת ּה ִאשֶּׁ ה ַל ָיהֹוה׃ smoke: some of the grits and oil, with all of the frankincense, as an offering by fire toHashem . א ְו ִא ֶם־ז ַבח שׁ ְ ָל ִמים ָקְר ָּבנוֹ ִאם ִמן־ If his offering is a sacrifice of well-being—If he 1 ג ַה ָּב ָקר ּהוא ַמ ְקִריב ִא ָם־ז ָכר ִא ְם־נ ֵק ָבה offers of the herd, whether a male or a female, he 3 ָּת ִמים ַי ְקִר ֶיב ּנּו ִל ְפ ֵני ְי ָהֹוה׃ .shall bring before Hashem one without blemish v’-im ZE-vakh sh’-la-MEEM kor-ba-NO im min ha-ba-KAR HU mak-REEV im za- KHAR im n’-kay-VAH ta-MEEM yak-ree-VE-nu lif-NAY a-do-NAI ב ְו ָס ַמ ְך ָידוֹ ַעל־רֹאשׁ ָקְר ָּבנוֹ ּושׁ ְ ָחטוֹ He shall lay his hand upon the head of his offering 2 ֶּפ ַתח ֶאֹהל ֵמוֹעד ְוָזְר ּקו ְּב ֵני ַא ֲהרֹן and slaughter it at the entrance of the Tent of ַה ּכ ֲֹה ִנים ֶא ַת־ה ָ ּדם ַע ַל־ה ִּמְז ֵּב ַח ָס ִביב׃ Meeting; and Aharon’s sons, the Kohanim, shall dash the blood against all sides of the mizbayach. ג ְו ִה ְקִריב ִמֶ ּז ַבח ַהשְּׁ ָל ִמים ִאשֶּׁ ה ַל ָיהֹוה -He shall then present from the sacrifice of well 3 ֶא ַת־ה ֵח ֶלב ַה ְמ ַכ ֶּסה ֶא ַת־ה ֶּקֶרב ְו ֵאת being, as an offering by fire toHashem , the fat that ָּכ ַל־ה ֵח ֶלב ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ַע ַל־ה ֶּקֶרב׃ covers the entrails and all the fat that is about the entrails; ד ְו ֵאת שׁ ְ ֵּתי ַה ְּכ ָליֹת ְו ֶא ַת־ה ֵח ֶלב ֲאשׁ ֶ ר the two kidneys and the fat that is on them, that 4 ֲע ֵל ֶהן ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ַע ַל־ה ְּכ ָס ִלים ְו ֶא ַת־ה ּי ֶֹתֶרת ,is at the loins; and the protuberance on the liver ַע ַל־ה ָּכ ֵבד ַע ַל־ה ְּכ ָליוֹת ְי ִס ֶיר ָנּה׃ .which he shall remove with the kidneys ה ְו ִה ְק ִט ּירו אֹתוֹ ְב ֵנ ַי־א ֲהרֹן ַה ִּמְז ֵּב ָחה Aharon’s sons shall turn these into smoke on the 5 ַע ָל־ה ָעֹלה ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ַע ָל־ה ֵע ִצים ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ַעל־ mizbayach, with the burnt offering which is upon ָה ֵאשׁ ִאשֵּׁ ה ֵר ַיח ִנ ַיחֹח ַל ָיהֹוה׃ the wood that is on the fire, as an offering by fire, of pleasing odor to Hashem. ו ְו ִא ִם־מ ַן־ה ּצֹאן ָקְר ָּבנוֹ ְלֶז ַבח שׁ ְ ָל ִמים And if his offering for a sacrifice of well-being to 6 ַל ָיהֹוה ָז ָכר אוֹ ְנ ֵק ָבה ָּת ִמים ַי ְקִר ֶיב ּנּו׃ Hashem is from the flock, whether a male or a female, he shall offer one without blemish. ז ִא ֶּם־כ ֶשׂב ּהו ַא־מ ְקִריב ֶא ָת־קְר ָּבנוֹ If he presents a sheep as his offering, he shall bring 7 ְו ִה ְקִריב אֹתוֹ ִל ְפ ֵני ְי ָהֹוה׃ it before Hashem

If his offering is a sacrifice of well-being The sacrifice. It is perhaps not a coincidence that it is also 3:1 שלמים sacrifice of well-being is often called the ‘peace- the only offering that is not restricted to the Beit offering’ based on its Hebrew name, korban sh’lamim Hamikdash, but may be eaten anywhere in the city of which comes from the Hebrew word Yerushalayim. Yerushalayim, the Hebrew name for ,(קרבן שלמים) peace.’ According to Jewish tradition, it Jerusalem, also has the word shalom at its root. It is‘ ,(שלום) shalom city of‘ ,(עיר של שלום) is so called because the korban sh’lamim symbolizes known as the eer shel shalom peace and unity, as it is the only offering that is shared peace.’ We pray for the time when peace and unity, by everyone involved: Hashem (referring to the portions symbolized by the korban sh’lamim, will return to Old City of consumed on the altar), the priest and the owner of the Jerusalem, and to all of Israel. Jerusalem, “city of peace”

24 ויקרא ד Vayikra/Leviticus 4 ארקיו Vayikra Leviticus ח ְו ָס ַמ ְך ֶא ָת־ידוֹ ַעל־רֹאשׁ ָקְר ָּבנוֹ ְושׁ ָ ַחט and lay his hand upon the head of his offering. It 8 אֹתוֹ ִל ְפ ֵני ֶאֹהל ֵמוֹעד ְוָזְר ּקו ְּב ֵני ַא ֲהרֹן ,shall be slaughtered before the Tent of Meeting ֶא ָ ּת־דמוֹ ַע ַל־ה ִּמְז ֵּב ַח ָס ִביב׃ and Aharon’s sons shall dash its blood against all sides of the mizbayach. ט ְו ִה ְקִריב ִמֶ ּז ַבח ַהשְּׁ ָל ִמים ִאשֶּׁ ה ַל ָיהֹוה He shall then present, as an offering by fire to 9 ֶח ְל ּבוֹ ָה ַא ְלָיה ְת ִמ ָימה ְל ֻע ַּמת ֶה ָע ֶצה Hashem, the fat from the sacrifice of well-being: the ְי ִס ֶיר ָנּה ְו ֶא ַת־ה ֵח ֶלב ַה ְמ ַכ ֶּסה ֶא ַת־ה ֶּקֶרב whole broad tail, which shall be removed close to ְו ֵאת ָּכ ַל־ה ֵח ֶלב ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ַע ַל־ה ֶּקֶרב׃ the backbone; the fat that covers the entrails and all the fat that is about the entrails; י ְו ֵאת שׁ ְ ֵּתי ַה ְּכ ָליֹת ְו ֶא ַת־ה ֵח ֶלב ֲאשׁ ֶ ר the two kidneys and the fat that is on them, that 10 ֲע ֵל ֶהן ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ַע ַל־ה ְּכ ָס ִלים ְו ֶא ַת־ה ּי ֶֹתֶרת ,is at the loins; and the protuberance on the liver ַע ַל־ה ָּכ ֵבד ַע ַל־ה ְּכ ָליֹת ְי ִס ֶיר ָנּה׃ .which he shall remove with the kidneys יא ְו ִה ְק ִטירוֹ ַה ּכ ֵֹהן ַה ִּמְז ֵּב ָחה ֶל ֶחם ִאשֶּׁ ה TheKohen shall turn these into smoke on the 11 ַל ָיהֹוה׃ . mizbayach as food, an offering by fire toHashem יב ְו ִאם ֵעז ָקְר ָּבנוֹ ְו ִה ְקִריבוֹ ִל ְפ ֵני ְי ָהֹוה׃ And if his offering is a goat, he shall bring it before 12 Hashem יג ְו ָס ַמ ְך ֶא ָת־ידוֹ ַעל־רֹאשׁ וֹ ְושׁ ָ ַחט אֹתוֹ and lay his hand upon its head. It shall be 13 ִל ְפ ֵני ֶאֹהל ֵמוֹעד ְוָזְר ּקו ְּב ֵני ַא ֲהרֹן ֶאת־ slaughtered before the Tent of Meeting, and ָ ּדמוֹ ַע ַל־ה ִּמְז ֵּב ַח ָס ִביב׃ Aharon’s sons shall dash its blood against all sides of the mizbayach. יד ְו ִה ְקִריב ִמ ֶּמ ּנּו ָקְר ָּבנוֹ ִאשֶּׁ ה ַל ָיהֹוה He shall then present as his offering from it, as an 14 ֶא ַת־ה ֵח ֶלב ַה ְמ ַכ ֶּסה ֶא ַת־ה ֶּקֶרב ְו ֵאת offering by fire toHashem , the fat that covers the ָּכ ַל־ה ֵח ֶלב ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ַע ַל־ה ֶּקֶרב׃ ;entrails and all the fat that is about the entrails טו ְו ֵאת שׁ ְ ֵּתי ַה ְּכ ָליֹת ְו ֶא ַת־ה ֵח ֶלב ֲאשׁ ֶ ר the two kidneys and the fat that is on them, that 15 ֲע ֵל ֶהן ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ַע ַל־ה ְּכ ָס ִלים ְו ֶא ַת־ה ּי ֶֹתֶרת ,is at the loins; and the protuberance on the liver ַע ַל־ה ָּכ ֵבד ַע ַל־ה ְּכ ָליֹת ְי ִס ֶיר ָנּה׃ .which he shall remove with the kidneys טז ְו ִה ְק ִט ָירם ַה ּכ ֵֹהן ַה ִּמְז ֵּב ָחה ֶל ֶחם ִאשֶּׁ ה TheKohen shall turn these into smoke on the 16 ְלֵר ַיח ִנ ַיחֹח ָּכ ֵל־ח ֶלב ַל ָיהֹוה׃ mizbayach as food, an offering by fire, of pleasing odor. All fat is Hashem’s. יז ֻח ַּקת ָעוֹלם ְל ֵדֹרֹת ֶיכם ְּבכֹל מוֹשׁ ְ ֵבֹת ֶיכם It is a law for all time throughout the ages, in all 17 ָּכ ֵל־ח ֶלב ְו ָכ ָ ּל־דם לֹא ֵתֹאכ ּלו׃ your settlements: you must not eat any fat or any blood. ד א ַוְי ַד ֵּבר ְי ָהֹוה ֶאל־מֹשׁ ֶ ה ֵּלאמֹר׃ :Hashem spoke to Moshe, saying 1 4 ב ַ ּד ֵּבר ֶא ְּל־ב ֵני ִי ְשׂ ָר ֵאל ֵלאמֹר ֶנ ֶפשׁ ִּכי־ Speak to B’nei Yisrael thus: When a person 2 ֶת ֱח ָטא ִבשׁ ְ ָג ָגה ִמ ּכֹל ִמ ְצוׂת ְי ָהֹוה ֲאשׁ ֶ ר unwittingly incurs guilt in regard to any ofHashem ’s לֹא ֵת ָע ֶשׂ ָינה ְו ָע ָשׂה ֵמ ַא ַחת ֵמ ֵה ָנּה׃ commandments about things not to be done, and does one of them— ג ִאם ַה ּכ ֵֹהן ַה ָּמשׁ ִ ַיח ֶי ֱח ָטא ְל ַאשׁ ְ ַמת ,If it is the anointed Kohen who has incurred guilt 3 ָה ָעם ְו ִה ְקִריב ַעל ַח ָּטאתוֹ ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ָח ָטא so that blame falls upon the people, he shall offer ַּפר ֶּב ָּן־ב ָקר ָּת ִמים ַל ָיהֹוה ְל ַח ָּטאת׃ for the sin of which he is guilty a bull of the herd without blemish as a sin offering toHashem .

25 ויקרא ד Vayikra/Leviticus 4 ארקיו Vayikra Leviticus ד ְו ֵה ִביא ֶא ַת־ה ָּפר ֶא ֶּל־פ ַתח ֶאֹהל ֵמוֹעד He shall bring the bull to the entrance of the Tent 4 ִל ְפ ֵני ְי ָהֹוה ְו ָס ַמ ְך ֶא ָת־ידוֹ ַעל־רֹאשׁ of Meeting, before Hashem, and lay his hand upon ַה ָּפר ְושׁ ָ ַחט ֶא ַת־ה ָּפר ִל ְפ ֵני ְי ָהֹוה׃ the head of the bull. The bull shall be slaughtered before Hashem, ה ְו ָל ַקח ַה ּכ ֵֹהן ַה ָּמשׁ ִ ַיח ִמ ַ ּדם ַה ָּפר ְו ֵה ִביא and the anointed Kohen shall take some of the bull’s 5 אֹתוֹ ֶא ֶל־אֹהל ֵמוֹעד׃ .blood and bring it into the Tent of Meeting ו ְו ָט ַבל ַה ּכ ֵֹהן ֶא ֶת־א ְצ ָּבעוֹ ַּב ָ ּדם ְו ִהָ ּזה ִמן־ TheKohen shall dip his finger in the blood, and 6 ַה ָ ּדם שׁ ֶ ַבע ְּפ ָע ִמים ִל ְפ ֵני ְי ָהֹוה ֶא ְּת־פ ֵני sprinkle of the blood seven times before Hashem, in ָּפ ֶרֹכת ַה ּק ֶֹדשׁ ׃ .front of the curtain of the Shrine ז ְו ָנ ַתן ַה ּכ ֵֹהן ִמ ַן־ה ָ ּדם ַע ַל־קְרנוֹת ִמְז ַּבח TheKohen shall put some of the blood on the horns 7 ְק ֶטֹרת ַה ַּס ִּמים ִל ְפ ֵני ְי ָהֹוה ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ְּב ֶאֹהל of the mizbayach of aromatic incense, which is in ֵמוֹעד ְו ֵאת ָּכ ַ ּל־דם ַה ָּפר ִישׁ ְ ּפ ְֹך ֶא ְל־יסוֹד the Tent of Meeting, before Hashem; and all the ִמְז ַּבח ָה ָעֹלה ֲאשׁ ֶ ֶּר־פ ַתח ֶאֹהל ֵמוֹעד׃ rest of the bull’s blood he shall pour out at the base of the mizbayach of burnt offering, which is at the entrance of the Tent of Meeting. ח ְו ֶא ָּת־כ ֵל־ח ֶלב ַּפר ַה ַח ָּטאת ָיִרים ִמ ֶּמ ּנּו He shall remove all the fat from the bull of sin 8 ֶא ַת־ה ֵח ֶלב ַה ְמ ַכ ֶּסה ַע ַל־ה ֶּקֶרב ְו ֵאת ָּכל־ offering: the fat that covers the entrails and all the ַה ֵח ֶלב ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ַע ַל־ה ֶּקֶרב׃ ;fat that is about the entrails ט ְו ֵאת שׁ ְ ֵּתי ַה ְּכ ָליֹת ְו ֶא ַת־ה ֵח ֶלב ֲאשׁ ֶ ר the two kidneys and the fat that is on them, that 9 ֲע ֵל ֶיהן ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ַע ַל־ה ְּכ ָס ִלים ְו ֶא ַת־ה ּי ֶֹתֶרת ,is at the loins; and the protuberance on the liver ַע ַל־ה ָּכ ֵבד ַע ַל־ה ְּכ ָליוֹת ְי ִס ֶיר ָנּה׃ which he shall remove with the kidneys י ַּכ ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ּיוַרם ִמשּׁ וֹר ֶז ַבח ַהשְּׁ ָל ִמים just as it is removed from the ox of the sacrifice of 10 ְו ִה ְק ִט ָירם ַה ּכ ֵֹהן ַעל ִמְז ַּבח ָה ָעֹלה׃ well-being. TheKohen shall turn them into smoke on the mizbayach of burnt offering. יא ְו ֶאת־עוֹר ַה ָּפר ְו ֶא ָּת־כ ְּל־ב ָשׂרוֹ ַעל־ But the hide of the bull, and all its flesh, as well as 11 רֹאשׁ וֹ ְו ַע ְּל־כָר ָעיו ְו ִקְר ּבוֹ ּו ִפְרשׁ וֹ׃ its head and legs, its entrails and its dung יב ְו ִהוֹציא ֶא ָּת־כ ַל־ה ָּפר ֶא ִל־מ ּחוץ ַל ַּמ ֲח ֶנה all the rest of the bull—he shall carry to a clean 12 ֶא ָל־מקוֹם ָטהוֹר ֶאל־שׁ ֶ ֶפ ְך ַה ֶ ּדשׁ ֶ ן ְו ָשׂ ַרף place outside the camp, to the ash heap, and burn it אֹתוֹ ַע ֵל־ע ִצים ָּב ֵאשׁ ַעל־שׁ ֶ ֶפ ְך ַה ֶ ּדשׁ ֶ ן .up in a wood fire; it shall be burned on the ash heap ִי ּ ָשׂ ֵרף׃ יג ְו ִאם ָּכ ֲל־ע ַדת ִי ְשׂ ָר ֵאל ִישׁ ְ ּג ּו ְו ֶנ ְע ַלם If it is the whole community of Yisrael that has 13 ָ ּד ָבר ֵמ ֵע ֵיני ַה ָּק ָהל ְו ָע ּשׂו ַא ַחת ִמ ָּכל־ erred and the matter escapes the notice of the ִמ ְצוׂת ְי ָהֹוה ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ֵלֹא־ת ָע ֶשׂ ָינה congregation, so that they do any of the things ְ ו ָ א שׁ ֵ מ ּו ׃ which by Hashem’s commandments ought not to be done, and they realize their guilt v’-IM kol a-DAT yis-ra-AYL yish-GU v’-ne-e-LAM da-VAR may-ay-NAY ha-ka-HAL v’-a-SU a-KHAT mi-kol mitz-VOT a-do-NAI a-SHER lo tay-a-SE-na v’-a-SHAY-mu

4:13 If it is the whole community of Yisrael that for spiritual elevation, chapter four discusses sin- has erred As opposed to the previous three offerings, required to atone for unintentional chapters which discuss the voluntary offerings meant transgressions, and lists different scenarios in which a

26 ויקרא ד Vayikra/Leviticus 4 ארקיו Vayikra Leviticus יד ְו ְנוֹד ָעה ַה ַח ָּטאת ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ָח ְט ּאו ָע ֶל ָיה when the sin through which they incurred guilt 14 ְו ִה ְקִר ּיבו ַה ָּק ָהל ַּפר ֶּב ָּן־ב ָקר ְל ַח ָּטאת becomes known, the congregation shall offer a bull ְו ֵה ִב ּיאו אֹתוֹ ִל ְפ ֵני ֶאֹהל ֵמוֹעד׃ of the herd as a sin offering, and bring it before the Tent of Meeting. טו ְו ָס ְמ ּכו ִז ְק ֵני ָה ֵע ָדה ֶא ְת־י ֵד ֶיהם ַעל־ The elders of the community shall lay their hands 15 רֹאשׁ ַה ָּפר ִל ְפ ֵני ְי ָהֹוה ְושׁ ָ ַחט ֶא ַת־ה ָּפר upon the head of the bull before Hashem, and the ִל ְפ ֵני ְי ָהֹוה׃ .bull shall be slaughtered before Hashem טז ְו ֵה ִביא ַה ּכ ֵֹהן ַה ָּמשׁ ִ ַיח ִמ ַ ּדם ַה ָּפר ֶאל־ The anointedKohen shall bring some of the blood 16 ֶאֹהל ֵמוֹעד׃ ,of the bull into the Tent of Meeting יז ְו ָט ַבל ַה ּכ ֵֹהן ֶא ְצ ָּבעוֹ ִמ ַן־ה ָ ּדם ְו ִהָ ּזה and the Kohen shall dip his finger in the blood and 17 שׁ ֶ ַבע ְּפ ָע ִמים ִל ְפ ֵני ְי ָהֹוה ֵאת ְּפ ֵני sprinkle of it seven times before Hashem, in front of ַה ָּפ ֶרֹכת׃ .the curtain יח ּו ִמ ַן־ה ָ ּדם ִי ֵּתן ַע ַל־קְרנֹת ַה ִּמְז ֵּב ַח ֲאשׁ ֶ ר Some of the blood he shall put on the horns of the 18 ִל ְפ ֵני ְי ָהֹוה ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ְּב ֶאֹהל ֵמוֹעד ְו ֵאת mizbayach which is before Hashem in the Tent of ָּכ ַל־ה ָ ּדם ִישׁ ְ ּפ ְֹך ֶא ְל־יסוֹד ִמְז ַּבח ָה ָעֹלה Meeting, and all the rest of the blood he shall pour ֲאשׁ ֶ ֶּר־פ ַתח ֶאֹהל ֵמוֹעד׃ ,out at the base of the mizbayach of burnt offering which is at the entrance of the Tent of Meeting. יט ְו ֵאת ָּכ ֶל־ח ְל ּבוֹ ָיִרים ִמ ֶּמ ּנּו ְו ִה ְק ִטיר He shall remove all its fat from it and turn it into 19 ַה ִּמְז ֵּב ָחה׃ .smoke on the mizbayach כ ְו ָע ָשׂה ַל ָּפר ַּכ ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ָע ָשׂה ְל ַפר ַה ַח ָּטאת He shall do with this bull just as is done with the 20 ֵּכן ַי ֲע ֶשׂ ּה־לוֹ ְו ִכ ֶּפר ֲע ֵל ֶהם ַה ּכ ֵֹהן ְו ִנ ְס ַלח Kohen’s] bull of sin offering; he shall do the same] ָל ֶהם׃ with it. Thus theKohen shall make expiation for them, and they shall be forgiven. כא ְו ִהוֹציא ֶא ַת־ה ָּפר ֶא ִל־מ ּחוץ ַל ַּמ ֲח ֶנה He shall carry the bull outside the camp and burn 21 ְו ָשׂ ַרף אֹתוֹ ַּכ ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ָשׂ ַרף ֵאת ַה ָּפר it as he burned the first bull; it is the sin offering of ָהִראשׁ וֹן ַח ַּטאת ַה ָּק ָהל ּהוא׃ .the congregation כב ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ָנ ִשׂיא ֶי ֱח ָטא ְו ָע ָשׂה ַא ַחת ִמ ָּכל־ In case it is a chieftain who incurs guilt by doing 22 ִמ ְצוׂת ְי ָהֹוה ֱא ָלֹהיו ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ֵלֹא־ת ָע ֶשׂ ָינה unwittingly any of the things which by the ִ ּ ב שׁ ְ ָ ג ָ ג ה ְו ָ א שׁ ֵ ם ׃ commandment of Hashem his God ought not to be done, and he realizes his guilt כג ַאוֹ־הוֹדע ֵא ָליו ַח ָּטאתוֹ ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ָח ָטא ָּב ּה or the sin of which he is guilty is brought to his 23 ְו ֵה ִביא ֶא ָת־קְר ָּבנוֹ ְשׂ ִעיר ִעִ ּזים ָז ָכר knowledge—he shall bring as his offering a male ָּת ִמים׃ .goat without blemish

person might need to bring such an offering.The Kli referring to the offering brought by an individual, the אם which can be ,(כי) Yakar points out that when introducing the offering Bibe (verse 1) uses the word kee כי brought to atone for a sin committed by the entire translated as ‘when,’ suggesting that an individual person congregation, meaning the nation as a whole, the verse is much more likely to make a mistake. This underscores if,’ implying that such a the fact that the Children of Israel are significantly‘ ,(אם) uses the Hebrew word im situation is somewhat unlikely to occur. However, when strengthened when they join together as a people.

27 ויקרא ד Vayikra/Leviticus 4 ארקיו Vayikra Leviticus כד ְו ָס ַמ ְך ָידוֹ ַעל־רֹאשׁ ַה ָּשׂ ִעיר ְושׁ ָ ַחט אֹתוֹ He shall lay his hand upon the goat’s head, and it 24 ִּב ְמקוֹם ֲאשׁ ֶ ִר־ישׁ ְ ַחט ֶא ָת־ה ָעֹלה ִל ְפ ֵני shall be slaughtered at the spot where the burnt ְי ָהֹוה ַח ָּטאת ּהוא׃ offering is slaughtered beforeHashem ; it is a sin offering. כה ְו ָל ַקח ַה ּכ ֵֹהן ִמ ַ ּדם ַה ַח ָּטאת ְּב ֶא ְצ ָּבעוֹ TheKohen shall take with his finger some of the 25 ְו ָנ ַתן ַע ַל־קְרנֹת ִמְז ַּבח ָה ָעֹלה ְו ֶא ָ ּת־דמוֹ blood of the sin offering and put it on the horns of ִישׁ ְ ּפ ְֹך ֶא ְל־יסוֹד ִמְז ַּבח ָה ָעֹלה׃ the mizbayach of burnt offering; and the rest of its blood he shall pour out at the base of the mizbayach of burnt offering. כו ְו ֶא ָּת־כ ֶל־ח ְל ּבוֹ ַי ְק ִטיר ַה ִּמְז ֵּב ָחה ְּכ ֵח ֶלב ,All its fat he shall turn into smoke on the mizbayach 26 ֶז ַבח ַהשְּׁ ָל ִמים ְו ִכ ֶּפר ָע ָליו ַה ּכ ֵֹהן like the fat of the sacrifice of well-being. Thus the ֵמ ַח ָּטאתוֹ ְו ִנ ְס ַלח לוֹ׃ ,Kohen shall make expiation on his behalf for his sin and he shall be forgiven. כז ְו ִא ֶם־נ ֶפשׁ ַא ַחת ֶּת ֱח ָטא ִבשׁ ְ ָג ָגה ֵמ ַעם If any person from among the populace unwittingly 27 ָה ָאֶרץ ַּב ֲע ָשֹׂת ּה ַא ַחת ִמ ִּמ ְצוׂת ְי ָהֹוה incurs guilt by doing any of the things which by ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ֵלֹא־ת ָע ֶשׂ ָינה ְו ָאשׁ ֵ ם׃ ,Hashem’s commandments ought not to be done and he realizes his guilt כח אוֹ ַהוֹדע ֵא ָליו ַח ָּטאתוֹ ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ָח ָטא or the sin of which he is guilty is brought to his 28 ְו ֵה ִביא ָקְר ָּבנוֹ ְשׂ ִע ַירת ִעִ ּזים ְּת ִמ ָימה knowledge—he shall bring a female goat without ְנ ֵק ָבה ַע ַל־ח ָּטאתוֹ ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ָח ָטא׃ blemish as his offering for the sin of which he is guilty. כט ְו ָס ַמ ְך ֶא ָת־ידוֹ ַעל רֹאשׁ ַה ַח ָּטאת ְושׁ ָ ַחט He shall lay his hand upon the head of the sin 29 ֶא ַת־ה ַח ָּטאת ִּב ְמקוֹם ָה ָעֹלה׃ offering, and the sin offering shall be slaughtered at the place of the burnt offering. ל ְו ָל ַקח ַה ּכ ֵֹהן ִמ ָ ּד ָמ ּה ְּב ֶא ְצ ָּבעוֹ ְו ָנ ַתן TheKohen shall take with his finger some of its 30 ַע ַל־קְרנֹת ִמְז ַּבח ָה ָעֹלה ְו ֶא ָּת־כ ָ ּל־ד ָמ ּה blood and put it on the horns of the mizbayach of ִישׁ ְ ּפ ְֹך ֶא ְל־יסוֹד ַה ִּמְז ֵּב ַח׃ burnt offering; and all the rest of its blood he shall pour out at the base of the mizbayach. לא ְו ֶא ָּת־כ ֶל־ח ְל ָּב ּה ָי ִסיר ַּכ ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ּהו ַסר ֵח ֶלב He shall remove all its fat, just as the fat is removed 31 ֵמ ַעל ֶז ַבח ַהשְּׁ ָל ִמים ְו ִה ְק ִטיר ַה ּכ ֵֹהן from the sacrifice of well-being; and theKohen shall ַה ִּמְז ֵּב ָחה ְלֵר ַיח ִנ ַיחֹח ַל ָיהֹוה ְו ִכ ֶּפר ָע ָליו turn it into smoke on the mizbayach, for a pleasing ַה ּכ ֵֹהן ְו ִנ ְס ַלח לוֹ׃ odor to Hashem. Thus theKohen shall make expiation for him, and he shall be forgiven. לב ְו ִא ֶּם־כ ֶבשׂ ָי ִביא ָקְר ָּבנוֹ ְל ַח ָּטאת ְנ ֵק ָבה ,If the offering he brings as a sin offering is a sheep 32 ְת ִמ ָימה ְי ִב ֶיא ָנּה׃ .he shall bring a female without blemish לג ְו ָס ַמ ְך ֶא ָת־ידוֹ ַעל רֹאשׁ ַה ַח ָּטאת ְושׁ ָ ַחט He shall lay his hand upon the head of the sin 33 ָאֹת ּה ְל ַח ָּטאת ִּב ְמקוֹם ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ִישׁ ְ ַחט offering, and it shall be slaughtered as a sin offering ֶא ָת־ה ָעֹלה׃ .at the spot where the burnt offering is slaughtered לד ְו ָל ַקח ַה ּכ ֵֹהן ִמ ַ ּדם ַה ַח ָּטאת ְּב ֶא ְצ ָּבעוֹ TheKohen shall take with his finger some of the 34 ְו ָנ ַתן ַע ַל־קְרנֹת ִמְז ַּבח ָה ָעֹלה ְו ֶא ָּת־כל־ blood of the sin offering and put it on the horns ָ ּד ָמ ּה ִישׁ ְ ּפ ְֹך ֶא ְל־יסוֹד ַה ִּמְז ֵּב ַח׃ of the mizbayach of burnt offering, and all the rest of its blood he shall pour out at the base of the mizbayach.

28 ויקרא ה Vayikra/Leviticus 5 ארקיו Vayikra Leviticus לה ְו ֶא ָּת־כ ֶל־ח ְל ָּבה ָי ִסיר ַּכ ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ּיו ַסר ֵח ֶלב־ And all its fat he shall remove just as the fat of the 35 ַה ֶּכ ֶשׂב ִמֶ ּז ַבח ַהשְּׁ ָל ִמים ְו ִה ְק ִטיר ַה ּכ ֵֹהן ;sheep of the sacrifice of well-being is removed ָאֹתם ַה ִּמְז ֵּב ָחה ַעל ִאשֵּׁ י ְי ָהֹוה ְו ִכ ֶּפר and this the Kohen shall turn into smoke on the ָע ָליו ַה ּכ ֵֹהן ַע ַל־ח ָּטאתוֹ ֲאשׁ ֶ ָר־ח ָטא mizbayach, over Hashem’s offering by fire. Thus the ְו ִנ ְס ַלח לוֹ׃ Kohen shall make expiation on his behalf for the sin of which he is guilty, and he shall be forgiven. א ְו ֶנ ֶפשׁ ִּכ ֶי־ת ֱח ָטא ְושׁ ָ ְמ ָעה קוֹל ָא ָלה If a person incurs guilt—When he has heard a 1 ה ְו ּהוא ֵעד אוֹ ָר ָאה אוֹ ָי ָדע ִאם־לוֹא ַי ִּגיד public imprecation and—although able to testify as 5 ְו ָנ ָשׂא ֲעוׂנוֹ׃ —one who has either seen or learned of the matter he does not give information, so that he is subject to punishment; ב אוֹ ֶנ ֶפשׁ ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ִּת ַּגע ְּב ָכ ָ ּל־ד ָבר ָט ֵמא אוֹ Or when a person touches any unclean thing—be 2 ְב ִנ ְב ַלת ַחָּיה ְט ֵמ ָאה אוֹ ְּב ִנ ְב ַלת ְּב ֵה ָמה it the carcass of an unclean beast or the carcass of ְט ֵמ ָאה אוֹ ְּב ִנ ְב ַלת שׁ ֶ ֶרץ ָט ֵמא ְו ֶנ ְע ַלם unclean cattle or the carcass of an unclean creeping ִמ ֶּמ ּנּו ְו ּהוא ָט ֵמא ְו ָאשׁ ֵ ם׃ ,thing—and the fact has escaped him, and then being unclean, he realizes his guilt; ג אוֹ ִכי ִי ַּגע ְּב ֻט ְמ ַאת ָא ָדם ְלכֹל ֻט ְמ ָאתוֹ Or when he touches human uncleanness—any 3 ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ִי ְט ָמא ָּב ּה ְו ֶנ ְע ַלם ִמ ֶּמ ּנּו ְו ּהוא ָי ַדע —such uncleanness whereby one becomes unclean ְ ו ָ א שׁ ֵ ם ׃ and, though he has known it, the fact has escaped him, but later he realizes his guilt; ד אוֹ ֶנ ֶפשׁ ִּכי ִתשָּׁ ַבע ְל ַב ֵּטא ִב ְשׂ ָפ ַתִים Or when a person utters an oath to bad or good 4 ְל ָהַרע אוֹ ְל ֵה ִיטיב ְלכֹל ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ְי ַב ֵּטא —purpose—whatever a man may utter in an oath ָה ָא ָדם ִּבשׁ ְ ֻב ָעה ְו ֶנ ְע ַלם ִמ ֶּמ ּנּו ְו ּהו ָא־י ַדע and, though he has known it, the fact has escaped ְו ָאשׁ ֵ ם ְל ַא ַחת ֵמ ֵא ֶּלה׃ him, but later he realizes his guilt in any of these matters— ה ְו ָהָיה ִכ ֶי־י ְאשׁ ַ ם ְל ַא ַחת ֵמ ֵא ֶּלה ְו ִה ְתַו ָ ּדה when he realizes his guilt in any of these matters, he 5 ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ָח ָטא ָע ֶל ָיה׃ .shall confess that wherein he has sinned ו ְו ֵה ִביא ֶא ֲת־אשׁ ָ מוֹ ַל ָיהֹוה ַעל ַח ָּטאתוֹ And he shall bring as his penalty to Hashem, for the 6 ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ָח ָטא ְנ ֵק ָבה ִמ ַן־ה ּצֹאן ִּכ ְשׂ ָּבה ,sin of which he is guilty, a female from the flock ְאוֹ־שׂ ִע ַירת ִעִ ּזים ְל ַח ָּטאת ְו ִכ ֶּפר ָע ָליו sheep or goat, as a sin offering; and theKohen shall ַה ּכ ֵֹהן ֵמ ַח ָּטאתוֹ׃ .make expiation on his behalf for his sin ז ְו ִאם־לֹא ַת ִּגיע ָידוֹ ֵ ּדי ֶשׂה ְו ֵה ִביא ֶאת־ But if his means do not suffice for a sheep, he shall 7 ֲאשׁ ָ מוֹ ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ָח ָטא שׁ ְ ֵּתי ִתֹרים אוֹ־שׁ ְ ֵני bring to Hashem, as his penalty for that of which he ְב ֵנ ָי־יוֹנה ַל ָיהֹוה ֶא ָחד ְל ַח ָּטאת ְו ֶא ָחד is guilty, two turtledoves or two pigeons, one for a ְל ָעֹלה׃ .sin offering and the other for a burnt offering ח ְו ֵה ִביא ָאֹתם ֶא ַל־ה ּכ ֵֹהן ְו ִה ְקִריב ֶאת־ He shall bring them to the Kohen, who shall offer 8 ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ַל ַח ָּטאת ִראשׁ ָוֹנה ּו ָמ ַלק ֶאת־ first the one for the sin offering, pinching its head at רֹאשׁ וֹ ִמ ּמ ּול ָעְר ּפוֹ ְולֹא ַי ְב ִ ּדיל׃ .the nape without severing it ט ְו ִהָ ּזה ִמ ַ ּדם ַה ַח ָּטאת ַע ִל־קיר ַה ִּמְז ֵּב ַח He shall sprinkle some of the blood of the sin 9 ְו ַה ִנּשׁ ְ ָאר ַּב ָ ּדם ִי ָּמ ֵצה ֶא ְל־יסוֹד ַה ִּמְז ֵּב ַח offering on the side of themizbayach , and what ַח ָּטאת ּהוא׃ remains of the blood shall be drained out at the base of the mizbayach; it is a sin offering.

29 ויקרא ה Vayikra/Leviticus 5 ארקיו Vayikra Leviticus י ְו ֶא ַת־השֵּׁ ִני ַי ֲע ֶשׂה ָעֹלה ַּכ ִּמשׁ ְ ָּפט ְו ִכ ֶּפר ,And the second he shall prepare as a burnt offering 10 ָע ָליו ַה ּכ ֵֹהן ֵמ ַח ָּטאתוֹ ֲאשׁ ֶ ָר־ח ָטא according to regulation. Thus theKohen shall make ְו ִנ ְס ַלח לוֹ׃ expiation on his behalf for the sin of which he is guilty, and he shall be forgiven. יא ְו ִאם־לֹא ַת ִּשׂיג ָידוֹ ִלשׁ ְ ֵּתי ִתֹרים אוֹ And if his means do not suffice for two turtledoves 11 ִלשׁ ְ ֵני ְב ֵנ ָי־יוֹנה ְו ֵה ִביא ֶא ָת־קְר ָּבנוֹ ֲאשׁ ֶ ר or two pigeons, he shall bring as his offering for that ָח ָטא ֲע ִשׂ ִירת ָה ֵא ָפה ֶסֹלת ְל ַח ָּטאת of which he is guilty a tenth of an efah of choice ָלֹא־י ִשׂים ָע ֶל ָיה שׁ ֶ ֶמן ְו ִלֹא־י ֵּתן ָע ֶל ָיה flour for a sin offering; he shall not add oil to it or ְל ָבֹנה ִּכי ַח ָּטאת ִהיא׃ .lay frankincense on it, for it is a sin offering יב ֶו ֱה ִב ָיא ּה ֶא ַל־ה ּכ ֵֹהן ְו ָק ַמץ ַה ּכ ֵֹהן ִמ ֶּמ ָנּה He shall bring it to the Kohen, and the Kohen shall 12 ְמלוֹא ֻק ְמצוֹ ֶא ַת־אְז ָּכָר ָתה ְו ִה ְק ִטיר scoop out of it a handful as a token portion of it and ַה ִּמְז ֵּב ָחה ַעל ִאשֵּׁ י ְי ָהֹוה ַח ָּטאת ִהוא׃ turn it into smoke on the mizbayach, with Hashem’s offerings by fire; it is a sin offering. יג ְו ִכ ֶּפר ָע ָליו ַה ּכ ֵֹהן ַע ַל־ח ָּטאתוֹ ֲאשׁ ֶ ר־ Thus theKohen shall make expiation on his behalf 13 ָח ָטא ֵמ ַא ַחת ֵמ ֵא ֶּלה ְו ִנ ְס ַלח לוֹ ְו ָהְי ָתה for whichever of these sins he is guilty, and he shall ַל ּכ ֵֹהן ַּכ ִּמ ְנ ָחה׃ be forgiven. It shall belong to the Kohen, like the meal offering. יד ַוְי ַד ֵּבר ְי ָהֹוה ֶאל־מֹשׁ ֶ ה ֵּלאמֹר׃ :And Hashem spoke to Moshe, saying 14 טו ֶנ ֶפשׁ ִּכ ִי־ת ְמעֹל ַמ ַעל ְו ָח ְט ָאה ִּבשׁ ְ ָג ָגה When a person commits a trespass, being 15 ִמ ָּק ְדשׁ ֵ י ְי ָהֹוה ְו ֵה ִביא ֶא ֲת־אשׁ ָ מוֹ unwittingly remiss about any ofHashem ’s sacred ַל ָיהֹוה ַאִיל ָּת ִמים ִמ ַן־ה ּצֹאן ְּב ֶעְר ְּכ ָך things, he shall bring as his penalty to Hashem a ֶּכ ֶסף־שׁ ְ ָק ִלים ְּבשׁ ֶ ֶק ַל־ה ּק ֶֹדשׁ ְל ָאשׁ ָ ם׃ ram without blemish from the flock, convertible into payment in silver by the sanctuary weight, as a guilt offering. NE-fesh kee tim-OL MA-al v’-kha-t’-AH bish-ga-GAH mi-kod-SHAY a-do-NAI v’-hay-VEE et a-sha-MO la-do-NAI A-yil ta-MEEM min ha-TZON b’-er-k’-KHA KE-sef sh’-ka-LEEM b’-SHE-kel ha-KO-desh l’-a-SHAM טז ְו ֵאת ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ָח ָטא ִמ ַן־ה ּק ֶֹדשׁ ְישׁ ַ ֵּלם He shall make restitution for that wherein he was 16 ְו ֶא ֲת־ח ִמישׁ ִ תוֹ ֵיוֹסף ָע ָליו ְו ָנ ַתן אֹתוֹ remiss about the sacred things, and he shall add a ַל ּכ ֵֹהן ְו ַה ּכ ֵֹהן ְי ַכ ֵּפר ָע ָליו ְּב ֵאיל ָה ָאשׁ ָ ם fifth part to it and give it to theKohen . TheKohen ְו ִנ ְס ַלח לוֹ׃ shall make expiation on his behalf with the ram of the guilt offering, and he shall be forgiven. יז ְו ִא ֶם־נ ֶפשׁ ִּכי ֶת ֱח ָטא ְו ָע ְשׂ ָתה ַא ַחת And when a person, without knowing it, sins in 17 ִמ ָּכ ִל־מ ְצוׂת ְי ָהֹוה ֲאשׁ ֶ ר לֹא ֵת ָע ֶשׂ ָינה regard to any of Hashem’s commandments about ְו ָלֹא־י ַדע ְו ָאשׁ ֵ ם ְו ָנ ָשׂא ֲעוׂנוֹ׃ things not to be done, and then realizes his guilt, he shall be subject to punishment.

5:15 When a person commits a trespass Chapter five to the Temple, including its wood or stones, or who contains a list of sins for which one is required to bring improperly eats part of a sacrifice. The verse calls this a guilt-offering. Among those listed is the transgression sin ‘a trespass’, an improper use of something holy. We of benefiting from an object belonging to the Beit must be careful to honor the sanctity, not only of the Hamikdash. This refers to someone who eats or derives Beit Hamikdash, but of the entire Holy Land, and not to other personal gain from food or property that belongs misuse any part of it.

30 ויקרא ו Vayikra/Leviticus 6 וצ Tzav Leviticus יח ְו ֵה ִביא ַאִיל ָּת ִמים ִמ ַן־ה ּצֹאן ְּב ֶעְר ְּכ ָך He shall bring to the Kohen a ram without blemish 18 ְל ָאשׁ ָ ם ֶא ַל־ה ּכ ֵֹהן ְו ִכ ֶּפר ָע ָליו ַה ּכ ֵֹהן .from the flock, or the equivalent, as a guilt offering ַעל שׁ ִ ְג ָגתוֹ ֲאשׁ ֶ ר־שׁ ָ ָגג ְו ּהוא ָלֹא־י ַדע TheKohen shall make expiation on his behalf for ְו ִנ ְס ַלח לוֹ׃ the error that he committed unwittingly, and he shall be forgiven. יט ָאשׁ ָ ם ּהוא ָאשׁ ֹם ָאשׁ ַ ם ַל ָיהֹוה׃ It is a guilt offering; he has incurred guilt before 19 Hashem. כ ַוְי ַד ֵּבר ְי ָהֹוה ֶאל־מֹשׁ ֶ ה ֵּלאמֹר׃ :Hashem spoke to Moshe, saying 20 כא ֶנ ֶפשׁ ִּכי ֶת ֱח ָטא ּו ָמ ֲע ָלה ַמ ַעל ַּב ָיהֹוה When a person sins and commits a trespass against 21 ְו ִכ ֵחשׁ ַּב ֲע ִמיתוֹ ְּב ִפ ָּקדוֹן ִאוֹ־ב ְת ּשׂו ֶמת Hashem by dealing deceitfully with his fellow in the ָיד אוֹ ְב ָגֵזל אוֹ ָעשׁ ַ ק ֶא ֲת־ע ִמיתוֹ׃ ,matter of a deposit or a pledge, or through robbery or by defrauding his fellow, כב ָאוֹ־מ ָצא ֲא ֵב ָדה ְו ִכ ֶחשׁ ָּב ּה ְו ִנשׁ ְ ַּבע or by finding something lost and lying about it; if 22 ַעל־שׁ ָ ֶקר ַע ַל־א ַחת ִמ ּכֹל ֲאשׁ ֶ ַר־י ֲע ֶשׂה he swears falsely regarding any one of the various ָה ָא ָדם ַל ֲחטֹא ָב ֵה ָנּה׃ things that one may do and sin thereby כג ְו ָהָיה ִּכ ֶי־י ֱח ָטא ְו ָאשׁ ֵ ם ְו ֵהשׁ ִ יב ֶאת־ ,when one has thus sinned and, realizing his guilt 23 ַה ְּגֵז ָלה ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ָּגָזל אוֹ ֶא ָת־העֹשׁ ֶ ק ֲאשׁ ֶ ר would restore that which he got through robbery or ָעשׁ ָ ק אוֹ ֶא ַת־ה ִּפ ָּקדוֹן ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ָה ְפ ַקד fraud, or the deposit that was entrusted to him, or ִא ּתוֹ אוֹ ֶא ָת־ה ֲא ֵב ָדה ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ָמ ָצא׃ ,the lost thing that he found

כד 24 אוֹ ִמ ּכֹל ֲאשׁ ֶ ִר־ישָּׁ ַבע ָע ָליו ַלשֶּׁ ֶקר or anything else about which he swore falsely, he צו ְושׁ ִ ַּלם אֹתוֹ ְּברֹאשׁ וֹ ַו ֲח ִמשׁ ִ ָתיו ֵיֹסף shall repay the principal amount and add a fifth part ָע ָליו ַל ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ּהוא לוֹ ִי ְּת ֶנ ּנּו ְּביוֹם to it. He shall pay it to its owner when he realizes ַ א שׁ ְ ָ מ ת ֹ ו ׃ .his guilt כה ְו ֶא ֲת־אשׁ ָ מוֹ ָי ִביא ַל ָיהֹוה ַאִיל ָּת ִמים Then he shall bring to theKohen , as his penalty to 25 ִמ ַן־ה ּצֹאן ְּב ֶעְר ְּכ ָך ְל ָאשׁ ָ ם ֶא ַל־ה ּכ ֵֹהן׃ Hashem, a ram without blemish from the flock, or the equivalent, as a guilt offering. כו ְו ִכ ֶּפר ָע ָליו ַה ּכ ֵֹהן ִל ְפ ֵני ְי ָהֹוה ְו ִנ ְס ַלח לוֹ TheKohen shall make expiation on his behalf before 26 ַע ַל־א ַחת ִמ ּכֹל ֲאשׁ ֶ ַר־י ֲע ֶשׂה ְל ַאשׁ ְ ָמה Hashem, and he shall be forgiven for whatever he ָב ּה׃ .Tzav may have done to draw blame thereby ו אא ַוְי ַד ֵּבר ְי ָהֹוה ֶאל־מֹשׁ ֶ ה ֵּלאמֹר׃ :Hashem spoke to Moshe, saying 1 6 ב ַצו ֶא ַת־א ֲהרֹן ְו ֶא ָּת־ב ָניו ֵלאמֹר זֹאת Command Aharon and his sons thus: This is the 2 ּת ַוֹרת ָה ָעֹלה ִהוא ָה ָעֹלה ַעל ְמוֹק ָדה ritual of the burnt offering: The burnt offering itself ַע ַל־ה ִּמְז ֵּב ַח ָּכ ַל־ה ַּלְי ָלה ַע ַד־ה ּב ֶֹקר ְו ֵאשׁ shall remain where it is burned upon the mizbayach ַה ִּמְז ֵּב ַח ּת ּו ַקד ּבוֹ׃ all night until morning, while the fire on the mizbayach is kept going on it. ג ְו ָל ַבשׁ ַה ּכ ֵֹהן ִמ ּדוֹ ַבד ּו ִמ ְכ ְנ ֵס ַי־בד ִי ְל ַּבשׁ TheKohen shall dress in linen raiment, with linen 3 ַע ְּל־ב ָשׂרוֹ ְו ֵהִרים ֶא ַת־ה ֶ ּדשׁ ֶ ן ֲאשׁ ֶ ר breeches next to his body; and he shall take up ּת ַֹאכל ָה ֵאשׁ ֶא ָת־ה ָעֹלה ַע ַל־ה ִּמְז ֵּב ַח the ashes to which the fire has reduced the burnt ְו ָשׂמוֹ ֵא ֶצל ַה ִּמְז ֵּב ַח׃ offering on themizbayach and place them beside the mizbayach.

31 ויקרא ו Vayikra/Leviticus 6 וצ Tzav Leviticus ד ּו ָפשׁ ַ ט ֶא ְּת־ב ָג ָדיו ְו ָל ַבשׁ ְּב ָג ִדים ֲא ֵחִרים He shall then take off his vestments and put on 4 ְו ִהוֹציא ֶא ַת־ה ֶ ּדשׁ ֶ ן ֶא ִל־מ ּחוץ ַל ַּמ ֲח ֶנה other vestments, and carry the ashes outside the ֶא ָל־מקוֹם ָטהוֹר׃ .camp to a clean place ה ְו ָה ֵאשׁ ַע ַל־ה ִּמְז ֵּב ַח ּת ּו ַק ּד־בוֹ לֹא ִת ְכ ֶּבה ,The fire on themizbayach shall be kept burning 5 ּו ִב ֵער ָע ֶל ָיה ַה ּכ ֵֹהן ֵע ִצים ַּב ּב ֶֹקר ַּב ּב ֶֹקר not to go out: every morning the Kohen shall feed ְו ָעַר ְך ָע ֶל ָיה ָה ָעֹלה ְו ִה ְק ִטיר ָע ֶל ָיה wood to it, lay out the burnt offering on it, and ֶח ְל ֵבי ַהשְּׁ ָל ִמים׃ turn into smoke the fat parts of the offerings of well-being. v’-ha-AYSH al ha-miz-BAY-akh tu-kad BO LO tikh-BEH u-vi-AYR a-LE-ha ha-ko- HAYN ay-TZEEM ba-BO-ker ba-BO-ker v’-a-RAKH a-LE-ha ha-o-LAH v’-hik- TEER a-LE-ha khel-VAY ha-sh’-la-MEEM ו ֵאשׁ ָּת ִמיד ּת ּו ַקד ַע ַל־ה ִּמְז ֵּב ַח לֹא A perpetual fire shall be kept burning on the 6 ִת ְכ ֶבה׃ .mizbayach, not to go out ז ְוזֹאת ּת ַוֹרת ַה ִּמ ְנ ָחה ַה ְקֵרב ָאֹת ּה ְּב ֵני־ And this is the ritual of the meal offering:Aharon ’s 7 ַא ֲהרֹן ִל ְפ ֵני ְי ָהֹוה ֶא ְּל־פ ֵני ַה ִּמְז ֵּב ַח׃ sons shall present it before Hashem, in front of the mizbayach. ח ְו ֵהִרים ִמ ֶּמ ּנּו ְּב ֻק ְמצוֹ ִמ ּס ֶֹלת ַה ִּמ ְנ ָחה A handful of the choice flour and oil of the 8 ּו ִמשַּׁ ְמ ָנ ּה ְו ֵאת ָּכ ַל־ה ְּל ָבֹנה ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ַעל־ meal offering shall be taken from it, with all the ַה ִּמ ְנ ָחה ְו ִה ְק ִטיר ַה ִּמְז ֵּב ַח ֵר ַיח ִנ ַיחֹח frankincense that is on the meal offering, and this ַאְז ָּכָר ָת ּה ַל ָיהֹוה׃ token portion shall be turned into smoke on the mizbayach as a pleasing odor to Hashem. ט ְו ַה ֶנּוֹתֶרת ִמ ֶּמ ָנּה ְיֹאכ ּלו ַא ֲהרֹן ּו ָב ָניו What is left of it shall be eaten byAharon and his 9 ַמ ּצוֹת ֵּת ָא ֵכל ְּב ָמקוֹם ָקדֹשׁ ַּב ֲח ַצר sons; it shall be eaten as unleavened cakes, in the ֶאֹה ֵל־מוֹעד ְיֹאכ ּלו ָה׃ sacred precinct; they shall eat it in the enclosure of the Tent of Meeting. י לֹא ֵת ָא ֶפה ָח ֵמץ ֶח ְל ָקם ָנ ַת ִּתי ָאֹת ּה It shall not be baked with leaven; I have given it as 10 ֵמ ִאשָּׁ י ֶקֹדשׁ ָק ָדשׁ ִ ים ִהוא ַּכ ַח ָּטאת their portion from My offerings by fire; it is most ְ ו ָ כ ָ א שׁ ָ ם ׃ .holy, like the sin offering and the guilt offering יא ָּכ ָל־ז ָכר ִּב ְב ֵני ַא ֲהרֹן ֲיֹאכ ֶל ָנּה ָח ָק־עוֹלם Only the males among Aharon’s descendants may 11 ְל ֵדֹרֹת ֶיכם ֵמ ִאשֵּׁ י ְי ָהֹוה ּכֹל ֲאשׁ ֶ ִר־י ַּגע eat of it, as their due for all time throughout the ָ ּ ב ֶ ה ם ִי ְ ק ָ ּ ד שׁ ׃ ages from Hashem’s offerings by fire. Anything that touches these shall become holy. יב ַוְי ַד ֵּבר ְי ָהֹוה ֶאל־מֹשׁ ֶ ה ֵּלאמֹר׃ :Hashem spoke to Moshe, saying 12

6:5 The fire on the mizbayach shall be kept each day in the Beit Hamikdash. The continual flame serves burning The fire on the altar burns continuously, as a reminder of Hashem’s constant presence among the and is never extinguished. Although the priests were People of Israel. While there is no longer a Temple nor an commanded to add two pieces of wood to the fire twice Altar, God’s everlasting presence is signified today by daily, the fire on the mizbayach remained burning hanging an eternal light above the ark in every miraculously, lit by a heavenly fire. The Sages (Ethics of the synagogue, a reminder of the eternal flame first Eternal lamp above Fathers 5:5) list this as one of ten miracles experienced mentioned in this verse. the ark, Petach Tikva

32 ויקרא ז Vayikra/Leviticus 7 וצ Tzav Leviticus יג ֶזה ָקְר ַּבן ַא ֲהרֹן ּו ָב ָניו ֲאשׁ ֶ ַר־י ְקִר ּיבו This is the offering thatAharon and his sons shall 13 ַל ָיהֹוה ְּביוֹם ִה ָּמשׁ ַ ח אֹתוֹ ֲע ִשׂ ִירת :offer toHashem on the occasion of his anointment ָה ֵא ָפה ֶסֹלת ִמ ְנ ָחה ָּת ִמיד ַמ ֲח ִצ ָית ּה a tenth of an efah of choice flour as a regular meal ַּב ּב ֶֹקר ּו ַמ ֲח ִצ ָית ּה ָּב ָעֶרב׃ offering, half of it in the morning and half of it in the evening, יד ַע ַל־מ ֲח ַבת ַּבשֶּׁ ֶמן ֵּת ָע ֶשׂה ֻמְר ֶּב ֶכת shall be prepared with oil on a griddle. You shall 14 ְּת ִב ֶיא ָנּה ֻּת ִפ ֵיני ִמ ְנ ַחת ִּפ ִּתים ַּת ְקִריב bring it well soaked, and offer it as a meal offering of ֵר ַיח ִ־נ ַיחֹח ַל ָיהֹוה׃ .baked slices, of pleasing odor to Hashem טו ְו ַה ּכ ֵֹהן ַה ָּמשׁ ִ ַיח ַּת ְח ָּתיו ִמ ָּב ָניו ַי ֲע ֶשׂה And so shall the Kohen, anointed from among his 15 ָאֹת ּה ָח ָק־עוֹלם ַל ָיהֹוה ָּכ ִליל ָּת ְק ָטר׃ sons to succeed him, prepare it; it is Hashem’s—a law for all time—to be turned entirely into smoke. טז ְו ָכ ִל־מ ְנ ַחת ּכ ֵֹהן ָּכ ִליל ִּת ְהֶיה לֹא ֵת ָא ֵכל׃ So, too, every meal offering of aKohen shall be a 16 whole offering: it shall not be eaten. יז ַוְי ַד ֵּבר ְי ָהֹוה ֶאל־מֹשׁ ֶ ה ֵּלאמֹר׃ :Hashem spoke to Moshe, saying 17 יח ַ ּד ֵּבר ֶא ַל־א ֲהרֹן ְו ֶא ָּל־ב ָניו ֵלאמֹר זֹאת Speak to Aharon and his sons thus: This is the 18 ּת ַוֹרת ַה ַח ָּטאת ִּב ְמקוֹם ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ִּתשָּׁ ֵחט ritual of the sin offering: the sin offering shall be ָה ָעֹלה ִּתשָּׁ ֵחט ַה ַח ָּטאת ִל ְפ ֵני ְי ָהֹוה slaughtered before Hashem, at the spot where the ֶקֹדשׁ ָק ָדשׁ ִ ים ִהוא׃ .burnt offering is slaughtered: it is most holy יט ַה ּכ ֵֹהן ַה ְמ ַח ֵּטא ָאֹת ּה ֲיֹאכ ֶל ָנּה ְּב ָמקוֹם TheKohen who offers it as a sin offering shall eat 19 ָקדֹשׁ ֵּת ָא ֵכל ַּב ֲח ַצר ֶאֹהל ֵמוֹעד׃ of it; it shall be eaten in the sacred precinct, in the enclosure of the Tent of Meeting. כ ּכֹל ֲאשׁ ֶ ִר־י ַּגע ִּב ְב ָשׂ ָר ּה ִי ְק ָ ּדשׁ ַו ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ;Anything that touches its flesh shall become holy 20 ִיֶ ּזה ִמ ָ ּד ָמ ּה ַע ַל־ה ֶּב ֶגד ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ִיֶ ּזה ָע ֶל ָיה ,and if any of its blood is spattered upon a garment ְּת ַכ ֵּבס ְּב ָמקוֹם ָקדֹשׁ ׃ you shall wash the bespattered part in the sacred precinct. כא ּו ְכ ִל ֶי־חֶרשׂ ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ְּת ֻבשַּׁ ּל־בוֹ ִישָּׁ ֵבר An earthen vessel in which it was boiled shall be 21 ְו ִא ִּם־ב ְכ ִלי ְנחֹשׁ ֶ ת ֻּבשָּׁ ָלה ּו ַמֹרק ְושׁ ֻ ַּטף broken; if it was boiled in a copper vessel, [the ַּב ָּמִים׃ .vessel] shall be scoured and rinsed with water כב ָּכ ָל־ז ָכר ַּב ּכ ֲֹה ִנים ַיֹאכל ָאֹת ּה ֶקֹדשׁ Only the males in the priestly line may eat of it: it is 22 ָק ָדשׁ ִ ים ִהוא׃ .most holy כג ְו ָכ ַל־ח ָּטאת ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ּיו ָבא ִמ ָ ּד ָמ ּה ֶא ֶל־אֹהל But no sin offering may be eaten from which 23 ֵמוֹעד ְל ַכ ֵּפר ַּב ּק ֶֹדשׁ לֹא ֵת ָא ֵכל ָּב ֵאשׁ any blood is brought into the Tent of Meeting ִּת ּ ָשׂ ֵרף׃ for expiation in the sanctuary; any such shall be consumed in fire. ז א ְוזֹאת ּת ַוֹרת ָה ָאשׁ ָ ם ֶקֹדשׁ ָק ָדשׁ ִ ים ּהוא׃ .This is the ritual of the guilt offering: it is most holy 1 7 ב ִּב ְמקוֹם ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ִישׁ ְ ֲח ּטו ֶא ָת־ה ָעֹלה The guilt offering shall be slaughtered at the spot 2 ִישׁ ְ ֲח ּטו ֶא ָת־ה ָאשׁ ָ ם ְו ֶא ָ ּת־דמוֹ ִיְזרֹק ַעל־ where the burnt offering is slaughtered, and the ַה ִּמְז ֵּב ַח ָס ִביב׃ .blood shall be dashed on all sides of the mizbayach ג ְו ֵאת ָּכ ֶל־ח ְל ּבוֹ ַי ְקִריב ִמ ֶּמ ּנּו ֵאת ָה ַא ְלָיה All its fat shall be offered: the broad tail; the fat that 3 ְו ֶא ַת־ה ֵח ֶלב ַה ְמ ַכ ֶּסה ֶא ַת־ה ֶּקֶרב׃ ;covers the entrails

33 ויקרא ז Vayikra/Leviticus 7 וצ Tzav Leviticus ד ְו ֵאת שׁ ְ ֵּתי ַה ְּכ ָליֹת ְו ֶא ַת־ה ֵח ֶלב ֲאשׁ ֶ ר the two kidneys and the fat that is on them at the 4 ֲע ֵל ֶיהן ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ַע ַל־ה ְּכ ָס ִלים ְו ֶא ַת־ה ּי ֶֹתֶרת loins; and the protuberance on the liver, which shall ַע ַל־ה ָּכ ֵבד ַע ַל־ה ְּכ ָליֹת ְי ִס ֶיר ָנּה׃ .be removed with the kidneys ה ְו ִה ְק ִטיר ָאֹתם ַה ּכ ֵֹהן ַה ִּמְז ֵּב ָחה ִאשֶּׁ ה TheKohen shall turn them into smoke on the 5 ַל ָיהֹוה ָאשׁ ָ ם ּהוא׃ mizbayach as an offering by fire toHashem ; it is a guilt offering. ו ָּכ ָל־ז ָכר ַּב ּכ ֲֹה ִנים ְיֹאכ ֶל ּנּו ְּב ָמקוֹם ָקדוֹשׁ Only the males in the priestly line may eat of it; it 6 ֵי ָא ֵכל ֶקֹדשׁ ָק ָדשׁ ִ ים ּהוא׃ .shall be eaten in the sacred precinct: it is most holy ז ַּכ ַח ָּטאת ָּכ ָאשׁ ָ ם ּת ָוֹרה ַא ַחת ָל ֶהם ַה ּכ ֵֹהן The guilt offering is like the sin offering. The same 7 ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ְי ַכ ֶּפ ּר־בוֹ לוֹ ִי ְהֶיה׃ rule applies to both: it shall belong to the Kohen who makes expiation thereby. ח ְו ַה ּכ ֵֹהן ַה ַּמ ְקִריב ֶא ַת־עֹלת ִאישׁ עוֹר So, too, the Kohen who offers a man’s burnt offering 8 ָה ָעֹלה ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ִה ְקִריב ַל ּכ ֵֹהן לוֹ ִי ְהֶיה׃ shall keep the skin of the burnt offering that he offered. ט ְו ָכ ִל־מ ְנ ָחה ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ֵּת ָא ֶפה ַּב ַּת ּנּור ְו ָכל־ ,Further, any meal offering that is baked in an oven 9 ַנ ֲע ָשׂה ַב ַּמְר ֶחשׁ ֶ ת ְו ַע ַל־מ ֲח ַבת ַל ּכ ֵֹהן ,and any that is prepared in a pan or on a griddle ַה ַּמ ְקִריב ָאֹת ּה לוֹ ִת ְהֶיה׃ .shall belong to the Kohen who offers it י ְו ָכ ִל־מ ְנ ָחה ְב ּלו ָל ַה־בשֶּׁ ֶמן ַו ֲחֵר ָבה ְל ָכל־ But every other meal offering, with oil mixed in or 10 ְּב ֵני ַא ֲהרֹן ִּת ְהֶיה ִאישׁ ְּכ ָא ִחיו׃ .dry, shall go to the sons of Aharon all alike יא ְוזֹאת ּת ַוֹרת ֶז ַבח ַהשְּׁ ָל ִמים ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ַי ְקִריב This is the ritual of the sacrifice of well-being that 11 ַל ָיהֹוה׃ : one may offer toHashem יב ִאם ַע ּל־ת ָוֹדה ַי ְקִר ֶיב ּנּו ְו ִה ְקִריב ַעל־ If he offers it for thanksgiving, he shall offer 12 ֶז ַבח ַה ּת ָוֹדה ַח ּלוֹת ַמ ּצוֹת ְּב ּלולֹת together with the sacrifice of thanksgiving ַּבשֶּׁ ֶמן ּוְר ִק ֵיקי ַמ ּצוֹת ְמשׁ ֻ ִחים ַּבשָּׁ ֶמן unleavened cakes with oil mixed in, unleavened ְו ֶסֹלת ֻמְר ֶּב ֶכת ַח ּלֹת ְּב ּלולֹת ַּבשָּׁ ֶמן׃ wafers spread with oil, and cakes of choice flour with oil mixed in, well soaked. IM al to-DAH yak-ree-VE-nu v’-hik-REEV al ZE-vakh ha-to-DAH kha-LOT ma- TZOT b’-lu-LOT ba-SHE-men u-r’-kee-KAY ma-TZOT m’-shu-KHIM ba-SHA- men v’-SO-let mur-BE-khet kha-LOT b’-lu-LOT ba-SHA-men יג ַע ַל־ח ּלֹת ֶל ֶחם ָח ֵמץ ַי ְקִריב ָקְר ָּבנוֹ ַעל־ ,This offering, with cakes of leavened bread added 13 ֶז ַבח ּת ַוֹדת שׁ ְ ָל ָמיו׃ he shall offer along with his thanksgiving sacrifice of well-being.

7:12 If he offers it for thanksgiving When one absence of the Beit Hamikdash and the thanksgiving survives a life-threatening situation, he or she offering, the Jewish people have a special blessing, naturally feels a tremendous amount of gratitude to called the gomel blessing, recited to express thanks to Hashem. Therefore, the Torah commands such a person Hashem when one overcomes a life-threatening to offer a thanksgiving-offering to the Lord. The Talmud situation. This idea of thanksgiving and being grateful (Berachot 54b) lists the four dangerous situations is ingrained in the DNA of the Nation of Israel. In fact, Jew,’ comes from the name of‘ ,(יהודי) whose survivors are required to bring this offering: a the term yehudi potentially dangerous journey, dangerous the tribe of Yehuda, which derives from the word ’.thanksgiving‘ ,(הודאה) imprisonment, serious illness and a sea voyage. In the hoda’ah

34 ויקרא ז Vayikra/Leviticus 7 וצ Tzav Leviticus יד ְו ִה ְקִריב ִמ ֶּמ ּנּו ֶא ָחד ִמ ָּכ ָל־קְר ָּבן ְּת ּרו ָמה Out of this he shall offer one of each kind as a gift 14 ַל ָיהֹוה ַל ּכ ֵֹהן ַה ּזֵֹרק ֶא ַ ּת־דם ַהשְּׁ ָל ִמים to Hashem; it shall go to the Kohen who dashes the לוֹ ִי ְהֶיה׃ .blood of the offering of well-being טו ּו ְב ַשׂר ֶז ַבח ּת ַוֹדת שׁ ְ ָל ָמיו ְּביוֹם ָקְר ָּבנוֹ -And the flesh of his thanksgiving sacrifice of well 15 ֵי ָא ֵכל ַלֹא־י ִנּ ַיח ִמ ֶּמ ּנּו ַע ּד־ב ֶֹקר׃ ;being shall be eaten on the day that it is offered none of it shall be set aside until morning. טז ְו ִא ֶם־נ ֶדר אוֹ ְנ ָד ָבה ֶז ַבח ָקְר ָּבנוֹ ְּביוֹם If, however, the sacrifice he offers is a votive or a 16 ַה ְקִריבוֹ ֶא ִת־ז ְבחוֹ ֵי ָא ֵכל ּו ִמ ָּמ ֳחָרת freewill offering, it shall be eaten on the day that ְו ַה ָנּוֹתר ִמ ֶּמ ּנּו ֵי ָא ֵכל׃ he offers his sacrifice, and what is left of it shall be eaten on the morrow. יז ְו ַה ָנּוֹתר ִמ ְּב ַשׂר ַהָ ּז ַבח ַּב ּיוֹם ַהשְּׁ ִלישׁ ִ י What is then left of the flesh of the sacrifice shall be 17 ָּב ֵאשׁ ִי ָּשׂ ֵרף׃ .consumed in fire on the third day יח ְו ִאם ֵה ָאכֹל ֵי ָא ֵכל ִמ ְּב ַשׂ ֶר־ז ַבח שׁ ְ ָל ָמיו If any of the flesh of his sacrifice of well-being is 18 ַּב ּיוֹם ַהשְּׁ ִלישׁ ִ י לֹא ֵיָר ֶצה ַה ַּמ ְקִריב ;eaten on the third day, it shall not be acceptable אֹתוֹ לֹא ֵי ָחשׁ ֵ ב לוֹ ִּפ ּג ּול ִי ְהֶיה ְו ַה ֶנּ ֶפשׁ it shall not count for him who offered it. It is an ָה ֶאֹכ ֶלת ִמ ֶּמ ּנּו ֲע ָוׂנ ּה ִּת ָּשׂא׃ offensive thing, and the person who eats of it shall bear his guilt. יט ְו ַה ָּב ָשׂר ֲאשׁ ֶ ִר־י ַּגע ְּב ָכ ָל־ט ֵמא לֹא ֵי ָא ֵכל Flesh that touches anything unclean shall not be 19 ָּב ֵאשׁ ִי ָּשׂ ֵרף ְו ַה ָּב ָשׂר ָּכ ָל־טהוֹר ַיֹאכל eaten; it shall be consumed in fire. As for other ָ ּב ָשׂ ר׃ .flesh, only he who is clean may eat such flesh כ ְו ַה ֶנּ ֶפשׁ ֲאשׁ ֶ ּר־ת ַֹאכל ָּב ָשׂר ִמֶ ּז ַבח But the person who, in a state of uncleanness, eats 20 ַהשְּׁ ָל ִמים ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ַל ָיהֹוה ְו ֻט ְמ ָאתוֹ ָע ָליו flesh fromHashem ’s sacrifices of well-being, that ְו ִנ ְכְר ָתה ַה ֶנּ ֶפשׁ ַה ִהוא ֵמ ַע ֶּמ ָיה׃ .person shall be cut off from his kin כא ְו ֶנ ֶפשׁ ִּכ ִי־ת ַּגע ְּב ָכ ָל־ט ֵמא ְּב ֻט ְמ ַאת When a person touches anything unclean, be it 21 ָא ָדם אוֹ ִּב ְב ֵה ָמה ְט ֵמ ָאה אוֹ ְּב ָכל־שׁ ֶ ֶקץ human uncleanness or an unclean animal or any ָט ֵמא ְו ָא ַכל ִמ ְּב ַשׂ ֶר־ז ַבח ַהשְּׁ ָל ִמים ֲאשׁ ֶ ר unclean creature, and eats flesh fromHashem ’s ַל ָיהֹוה ְו ִנ ְכְר ָתה ַה ֶנּ ֶפשׁ ַה ִהוא ֵמ ַע ֶּמ ָיה׃ sacrifices of well-being, that person shall be cut off from his kin. כב ַוְי ַד ֵּבר ְי ָהֹוה ֶאל־מֹשׁ ֶ ה ֵּלאמֹר׃ :And Hashem spoke to Moshe, saying 22 כג ַ ּד ֵּבר ֶא ְּל־ב ֵני ִי ְשׂ ָר ֵאל ֵלאמֹר ָּכ ֵל־ח ֶלב Speak to B’nei Yisrael thus: You shall eat no fat of ox 23 שׁ וֹר ְו ֶכ ֶשׂב ָו ֵעז לֹא ֵתֹאכ ּלו׃ .or sheep or goat כד ְו ֵח ֶלב ְנ ֵב ָלה ְו ֵח ֶלב ְטֵר ָפה ֵי ָע ֶשׂה ְל ָכל־ Fat from animals that died or were torn by beasts 24 ְמ ָל ָאכה ְו ָאכֹל לֹא ְתֹאכ ֻל ּהו׃ .may be put to any use, but you must not eat it כה ִּכי ָּכ ֵל־אֹכל ֵח ֶלב ִמ ַן־ה ְּב ֵה ָמה ֲאשׁ ֶ ר If anyone eats the fat of animals from which 25 ַי ְקִריב ִמ ֶּמ ָנּה ִאשֶּׁ ה ַל ָיהֹוה ְו ִנ ְכְר ָתה offerings by fire may be made toHashem , the ַה ֶנּ ֶפשׁ ָה ֶאֹכ ֶלת ֵמ ַע ֶּמ ָיה׃ .person who eats it shall be cut off from his kin כו ְו ָכ ָ ּל־דם לֹא ְתֹאכ ּלו ְּבכֹל מוֹשׁ ְ ֵבֹת ֶיכם And you must not consume any blood, either of 26 ָלעוֹף ְו ַל ְּב ֵה ָמה׃ .bird or of animal, in any of your settlements כז ָּכ ֶל־נ ֶפשׁ ֲאשׁ ֶ ּר־ת ַֹאכל ָּכ ָ ּל־דם ְו ִנ ְכְר ָתה .Anyone who eats blood shall be cut off from his kin 27 ַה ֶנּ ֶפשׁ ַה ִהוא ֵמ ַע ֶּמ ָיה׃ כח ַוְי ַד ֵּבר ְי ָהֹוה ֶאל־מֹשׁ ֶ ה ֵּלאמֹר׃ :And Hashem spoke to Moshe, saying 28

35 ויקרא ח Vayikra/Leviticus 8 וצ Tzav Leviticus כט ַ ּד ֵּבר ֶא ְּל־ב ֵני ִי ְשׂ ָר ֵאל ֵלאמֹר ַה ַּמ ְקִריב Speak to B’nei Yisrael thus: The offering toHashem 29 ֶא ֶת־ז ַבח שׁ ְ ָל ָמיו ַל ָיהֹוה ָי ִביא ֶאת־ from a sacrifice of well-being must be presented ָקְר ָּבנוֹ ַל ָיהֹוה ִמֶ ּז ַבח שׁ ְ ָל ָמיו׃ by him who offers his sacrifice of well-being to Hashem: ל ָי ָדיו ְּת ִב ֶיא ָינה ֵאת ִאשֵּׁ י ְי ָהֹוה ֶאת־ his own hands shall present Hashem’s offerings by 30 ַה ֵח ֶלב ַע ֶל־ה ָחֶזה ְי ִב ֶיא ּנּו ֵאת ֶה ָחֶזה fire. He shall present the fat with the breast, the ְל ָה ִניף אֹתוֹ ְּת ּנו ָפה ִל ְפ ֵני ְי ָהֹוה׃ breast to be elevated as an elevation offering before Hashem; לא ְו ִה ְק ִטיר ַה ּכ ֵֹהן ֶא ַת־ה ֵח ֶלב ַה ִּמְז ֵּב ָחה the Kohen shall turn the fat into smoke on the 31 ְו ָהָיה ֶה ָחֶזה ְל ַא ֲהרֹן ּו ְל ָב ָניו׃ mizbayach, and the breast shall go to Aharon and his sons. לב ְו ֵאת שׁ וֹק ַהָּי ִמין ִּת ְּת ּנו ְת ּרו ָמה ַל ּכ ֵֹהן -And the right thigh from your sacrifices of well 32 ִמִ ּז ְב ֵחי שׁ ַ ְל ֵמ ֶיכם׃ ;being you shall present to the Kohen as a gift לג ַה ַּמ ְקִריב ֶא ַ ּת־דם ַהשְּׁ ָל ִמים ְו ֶא ַת־ה ֵח ֶלב he from among Aharon’s sons who offers the blood 33 ִמ ְּב ֵני ַא ֲהרֹן לוֹ ִת ְהֶיה שׁ וֹק ַהָּי ִמין ְל ָמ ָנה׃ and the fat of the offering of well-being shall get the right thigh as his portion. לד ִּכי ֶא ֲת־חֵזה ַה ְּת ּנו ָפה ְו ֵאת שׁ וֹק For I have taken the breast of elevation offering and 34 ַה ְּת ּרו ָמה ָל ַק ְח ִּתי ֵמ ֵאת ְּב ֵנ ִי־י ְשׂ ָר ֵאל the thigh of gift offering from the Israelites, from ִמִ ּז ְב ֵחי שׁ ַ ְל ֵמ ֶיהם ָו ֶא ֵּתן ָאֹתם ְל ַא ֲהרֹן their sacrifices of well-being, and given them to ַה ּכ ֵֹהן ּו ְל ָב ָניו ְל ָח ָק־עוֹלם ֵמ ֵאת ְּב ֵני Aharon the Kohen and to his sons as their due from ִי ְשׂ ָר ֵאל׃ .the Israelites for all time לה זֹאת ִמשׁ ְ ַחת ַא ֲהרֹן ּו ִמשׁ ְ ַחת ָּב ָניו ֵמ ִאשֵּׁ י Those shall be the perquisites ofAharon and the 35 ְי ָהֹוה ְּביוֹם ִה ְקִריב ָאֹתם ְל ַכ ֵהן ַל ָיהֹוה׃ perquisites of his sons from Hashem’s offerings by fire, once they have been inducted to serveHashem as Kohanim; לו ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ִצָּוה ְי ָהֹוה ָל ֵתת ָל ֶהם ְּביוֹם ָמשׁ ְ חוֹ these Hashem commanded to be given them, once 36 ָאֹתם ֵמ ֵאת ְּב ֵני ִי ְשׂ ָר ֵאל ֻח ַּקת ָעוֹלם they had been anointed, as a due from the Israelites ְל ָדֹרֹתם׃ .for all time throughout the ages לז זֹאת ַה ּת ָוֹרה ָל ָעֹלה ַל ִּמ ְנ ָחה ְו ַל ַח ָּטאת Such are the rituals of the burnt offering, the meal 37 ְו ָל ָאשׁ ָ ם ְו ַל ִּמ ּל ּו ִאים ּו ְלֶז ַבח ַהשְּׁ ָל ִמים׃ offering, the sin offering, the guilt offering, the offering of ordination, and the sacrifice of well- being, לח ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ִצָּוה ְי ָהֹוה ֶאת־מֹשׁ ֶ ה ְּב ַהר ִס ָיני ,with which Hashem charged Moshe on Har Sinai 38 ְּביוֹם ַצ ּוׂתוֹ ֶא ְּת־ב ֵני ִי ְשׂ ָר ֵאל ְל ַה ְקִריב when He commanded that the Israelites present ֶא ָת־קְר ְּב ֵנ ֶיהם ַל ָיהֹוה ְּב ִמ ְד ַּבר ִס ָיני׃ their offerings toHashem , in the wilderness of Sinai. ח א ַוְי ַד ֵּבר ְי ָהֹוה ֶאל־מֹשׁ ֶ ה ֵּלאמֹר׃ :Hashem spoke to Moshe, saying 1 8 ב ַקח ֶא ַת־א ֲהרֹן ְו ֶא ָּת־ב ָניו ִא ּתוֹ ְו ֵאת ,Take Aharon along with his sons, and the vestments 2 ַה ְּב ָג ִדים ְו ֵאת שׁ ֶ ֶמן ַה ִּמשׁ ְ ָחה ְו ֵאת ַּפר the anointing oil, the bull of sin offering, the two ַה ַח ָּטאת ְו ֵאת שׁ ְ ֵני ָה ֵא ִילים ְו ֵאת ַסל ;rams, and the basket of unleavened bread ַה ַּמ ּצוֹ ת׃

36 ויקרא ח Vayikra/Leviticus 8 וצ Tzav Leviticus ג ְו ֵאת ָּכ ָל־ה ֵע ָדה ַה ְק ֵהל ֶא ֶּל־פ ַתח ֶאֹהל and assemble the whole community at the 3 ֵמוֹעד׃ .entrance of the Tent of Meeting v’-AYT kol ha-ay-DAH hak-HAYL el PE-takh O-hel mo-AYD ד ַוַּי ַעשׂ מֹשׁ ֶ ה ַּכ ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ִצָּוה ְי ָהֹוה אֹתוֹ Moshe did as Hashem commanded him. And when 4 ַו ִּת ָּק ֵהל ָה ֵע ָדה ֶא ֶּל־פ ַתח ֶאֹהל ֵמוֹעד׃ the community was assembled at the entrance of the Tent of Meeting, ה ַו ּי ֶֹאמר מֹשׁ ֶ ה ֶא ָל־ה ֵע ָדה ֶזה ַה ָ ּד ָבר Moshe said to the community, “This is whatHashem 5 ֲאשׁ ֶ ִר־צָּוה ְי ָהֹוה ַל ֲעשׂוֹת׃ ”.has commanded to be done ו ַוַּי ְקֵרב מֹשׁ ֶ ה ֶא ַת־א ֲהרֹן ְו ֶא ָּת־ב ָניו ThenMoshe brought Aharon and his sons forward 6 ַוִּיְר ַחץ ָאֹתם ַּב ָּמִים׃ .and washed them with water ז ַוִּי ֵּתן ָע ָליו ֶא ַת־ה ֻּכ ּת ֶֹנת ַוַּי ְח ּגֹר אֹתוֹ ,He put the tunic on him, girded him with the sash 7 ָּב ַא ְב ֵנט ַוַּי ְל ֵּבשׁ אֹתוֹ ֶא ַת־ה ְּמ ִעיל ַוִּי ֵּתן clothed him with the robe, and put the ephod on ָע ָליו ֶא ָת־ה ֵאפֹד ַוַּי ְח ּגֹר אֹתוֹ ְּב ֵחשׁ ֶ ב him, girding him with the decorated band with ָה ֵאפֹד ַוֶּי ְא ּפֹד לוֹ ּבוֹ׃ .which he tied it to him ח ַוָּי ֶשׂם ָע ָליו ֶא ַת־החֹשׁ ֶ ן ַוִּי ֵּתן ֶא ַל־החֹשׁ ֶ ן He put the breastpiece on him, and put into the 8 ֶא ָת־ה ּאוִרים ְו ֶא ַת־ה ֻּת ִּמים׃ .breastpiece the Urim and Thummim ט ַוָּי ֶשׂם ֶא ַת־ה ִּמ ְצ ֶנ ֶפת ַעל־רֹאשׁ וֹ ַוָּי ֶשׂם And he set the headdress on his head; and on the 9 ַע ַל־ה ִּמ ְצ ֶנ ֶפת ֶא ּל־מול ָּפ ָניו ֵאת ִציץ headdress, in front, he put the gold frontlet, the ַהָ ּז ָהב ֵנֶזר ַה ּק ֶֹדשׁ ַּכ ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ִצָּוה ְי ָהֹוה .holy diadem—as Hashem had commanded Moshe ֶאת־מֹשׁ ֶ ה׃ י ַוִּי ַּקח מֹשׁ ֶ ה ֶאת־שׁ ֶ ֶמן ַה ִּמשׁ ְ ָחה ַוִּי ְמשׁ ַ ח Moshe took the anointing oil and anointed the 10 ֶא ַת־ה ִּמשׁ ְ ָּכן ְו ֶא ָּת־כ ֲל־אשׁ ֶ ּר־בוֹ ַוְי ַק ֵ ּדשׁ Mishkan and all that was in it, thus consecrating ָאֹתם׃ .them va-yi-KAKH mo-SHEH et SHE-men ha-mish-KHAH va-yim-SHAKH et ha-mish- KAN v’-et kol a-sher BO vai-ka-DAYSH o-TAM יא ַוַּיז ִמ ֶּמ ּנּו ַע ַל־ה ִּמְז ֵּב ַח שׁ ֶ ַבע ְּפ ָע ִמים He sprinkled some of it on the mizbayach seven 11 ַוִּי ְמשׁ ַ ח ֶא ַת־ה ִּמְז ֵּב ַח ְו ֶא ָּת־כ ֵּל־כ ָליו times, anointing the mizbayach, all its utensils, and ְו ֶא ַת־ה ִּכ ּיֹר ְו ֶא ַּת־כנּוֹ ְל ַק ְ ּדשׁ ָ ם׃ .the laver with its stand, to consecrate them יב ַוִּיצֹק ִמשֶּׁ ֶמן ַה ִּמשׁ ְ ָחה ַעל רֹאשׁ ַא ֲהרֹן He poured some of the anointing oil upon Aharon’s 12 ַוִּי ְמשׁ ַ ח אֹתוֹ ְל ַק ְ ּדשׁ וֹ׃ .head and anointed him, to consecrate him va-yi-TZOK mi-SHE-men ha-mish-KHAH AL ROSH a-ha-RON va-yim-SHAKH o-TO l’-ka-d’-SHO

8:3 And assemble the whole community at the Daniel 11:41). The Sages (Ethics of the Fathers 5:7) recount entrance of the Tent of Meeting The entrance of that in the Beit Hamikdash, “the people stood pressed the Tent of Meeting housed the Mishkan, the altar and together, yet they found ample space to prostrate the laver, and was not large enough to accommodate themselves… and no one ever said to his fellow, ‘There six hundred thousand people. Rashi comments that this is not enough room for me to spend the night in is one of the miraculous instances where a small area Jerusalem.’” One of the unique metaphysical properties contained many people. This miracle repeated itself daily of Israel in general, and Yerushalayim and the Temple in the Beit Hamikdash, and is one of the incredible Mount specifically, is that they expand to hold all their features of Eretz Yisrael in general (see Ezekiel 20:6 and inhabitants and visitors.

37 ויקרא ח Vayikra/Leviticus 8 וצ Tzav Leviticus יג ַוַּי ְקֵרב מֹשׁ ֶ ה ֶא ְּת־ב ֵני ַא ֲהרֹן ַוַּי ְל ִּבשׁ ֵ ם Moshe then brought Aharon’s sons forward, clothed 13 ֻּכ ֳּתנֹת ַוַּי ְח ּגֹר ָאֹתם ַא ְב ֵנט ַוַּי ֲחבֹשׁ ָל ֶהם them in tunics, girded them with sashes, and wound ִמ ְג ָּבעוֹת ַּכ ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ִצָּוה ְי ָהֹוה ֶאת־מֹשׁ ֶ ה׃ turbans upon them, as Hashem had commanded Moshe. יד ַוַּי ֵּגשׁ ֵאת ַּפר ַה ַח ָּטאת ַוִּי ְס ְמֹך ַא ֲהרֹן He led forward the bull of sin offering.Aharon and 14 ּו ָב ָניו ֶא ְת־י ֵד ֶיהם ַעל־רֹאשׁ ַּפר ַה ַח ָּטאת׃ his sons laid their hands upon the head of the bull of sin offering, טו ַוִּישׁ ְ ָחט ַוִּי ַּקח מֹשׁ ֶ ה ֶא ַת־ה ָ ּדם ַוִּי ֵּתן ַעל־ and it was slaughtered. Moshe took the blood and 15 ַקְרנוֹת ַה ִּמְז ֵּב ַח ָס ִביב ְּב ֶא ְצ ָּבעוֹ ַוְי ַח ֵּטא with his finger put some on each of the horns of the ֶא ַת־ה ִּמְז ֵּב ַח ְו ֶא ַת־ה ָ ּדם ָי ַצק ֶא ְל־יסוֹד mizbayach, cleansing the mizbayach; then he poured ַה ִּמְז ֵּב ַח ַוְי ַק ְ ּדשׁ ֵ ּהו ְל ַכ ֵּפר ָע ָליו׃ out the blood at the base of the mizbayach. Thus he consecrated it in order to make expiation upon it. טז ַוִּי ַּקח ֶא ָּת־כ ַל־ה ֵח ֶלב ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ַע ַל־ה ֶּקֶרב Moshe then took all the fat that was about the 16 ְו ֵאת ֶיֹתֶרת ַה ָּכ ֵבד ְו ֶאת־שׁ ְ ֵּתי ַה ְּכ ָליֹת entrails, and the protuberance of the liver, and the ְו ֶא ֶת־ח ְל ְּב ֶהן ַוַּי ְק ֵטר מֹשׁ ֶ ה ַה ִּמְז ֵּב ָחה׃ two kidneys and their fat, and turned them into smoke on the mizbayach. יז ְו ֶא ַת־ה ָּפר ְו ֶאת־עֹרוֹ ְו ֶא ְּת־ב ָשׂרוֹ ְו ֶאת־ ,The rest of the bull, its hide, its flesh, and its dung 17 ִּפְרשׁ וֹ ָשׂ ַרף ָּב ֵאשׁ ִמ ּחוץ ַל ַּמ ֲח ֶנה ַּכ ֲאשׁ ֶ ר he put to the fire outside the camp—asHashem had ִצָּוה ְי ָהֹוה ֶאת־מֹשׁ ֶ ה׃ .commanded Moshe יח ַוַּי ְקֵרב ֵאת ֵאיל ָה ָעֹלה ַוִּי ְס ְמ ּכו ַא ֲהרֹן .Then he brought forward the ram of burnt offering 18 ּו ָב ָניו ֶא ְת־י ֵד ֶיהם ַעל־רֹאשׁ ָה ָאִיל׃ Aharon and his sons laid their hands upon the ram’s head, יט ַוִּישׁ ְ ָחט ַוִּיְזרֹק מֹשׁ ֶ ה ֶא ַת־ה ָ ּדם ַעל־ and it was slaughtered. Moshe dashed the blood 19 ַה ִּמְז ֵּב ַח ָס ִביב׃ .against all sides of the mizbayach כ ְו ֶא ָת־ה ַאִיל ִנ ַּתח ִל ְנ ָת ָחיו ַוַּי ְק ֵטר מֹשׁ ֶ ה The ram was cut up into sections andMoshe turned 20 ֶא ָת־הרֹאשׁ ְו ֶא ַת־ה ְנּ ָת ִחים ְו ֶא ַת־ה ָּפ ֶדר׃ the head, the sections, and the suet into smoke on the mizbayach; כא ְו ֶא ַת־ה ֶּקֶרב ְו ֶא ַת־ה ְּכָר ַעִים ָר ַחץ ַּב ָּמִים Moshe washed the entrails and the legs with water 21 ַוַּי ְק ֵטר מֹשׁ ֶ ה ֶא ָּת־כ ָל־ה ַאִיל ַה ִּמְז ֵּב ָחה and turned all of the ram into smoke. That was a ָעֹלה ּהוא ְלֵר ַיח ִ־נ ַיחֹח ִאשֶּׁ ה ּהוא ַל ָיהֹוה burnt offering for a pleasing odor, an offering by fire ַּכ ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ִצָּוה ְי ָהֹוה ֶאת־מֹשׁ ֶ ה׃ .to Hashem—as Hashem had commanded Moshe כב ַוַּי ְקֵרב ֶא ָת־ה ַאִיל ַהשֵּׁ ִני ֵאיל ַה ִּמ ֻּל ִאים He brought forward the second ram, the ram of 22 ַוִּי ְס ְמ ּכו ַא ֲהרֹן ּו ָב ָניו ֶא ְת־י ֵד ֶיהם ַעל־ ordination. Aharon and his sons laid their hands רֹאשׁ ָה ָאִיל׃ ,upon the ram’s head כג ַוִּישׁ ְ ָחט ַוִּי ַּקח מֹשׁ ֶ ה ִמ ָ ּדמוֹ ַוִּי ֵּתן ַעל־ and it was slaughtered. Moshe took some of its 23 ְּת ּנו ְך ֶאֹז ַן־א ֲהרֹן ַהְי ָמ ִנית ְו ַע ּל־ב ֶֹהן ָידוֹ ,blood and put it on the ridge of Aharon’s right ear ַהְי ָמ ִנית ְו ַע ּל־ב ֶֹהן ַר ְגלוֹ ַהְי ָמ ִנית׃ and on the thumb of his right hand, and on the big toe of his right foot. כד ַוַּי ְקֵרב ֶא ְּת־ב ֵני ַא ֲהרֹן ַוִּי ֵּתן מֹשׁ ֶ ה ִמן־ Moshe then brought forward the sons of Aharon, and 24 ַה ָ ּדם ַע ְּל־ת ּנו ְך ָאְז ָנם ַהְי ָמ ִנית ְו ַע ּל־ב ֶֹהן ,put some of the blood on the ridges of their right ears ָי ָדם ַהְי ָמ ִנית ְו ַע ּל־ב ֶֹהן ַר ְג ָלם ַהְי ָמ ִנית and on the thumbs of their right hands, and on the big ַוִּיְזרֹק מֹשׁ ֶ ה ֶא ַת־ה ָ ּדם ַע ַל־ה ִּמְז ֵּב ַח toes of their right feet; and the rest of the blood Moshe ָס ִביב׃ .dashed against every side of the mizbayach

38 ויקרא ח Vayikra/Leviticus 8 וצ Tzav Leviticus כה ַוִּי ַּקח ֶא ַת־ה ֵח ֶלב ְו ֶא ָת־ה ַא ְלָיה ְו ֶאת־ He took the fat—the broad tail, all the fat about the 25 ָּכ ַל־ה ֵח ֶלב ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ַע ַל־ה ֶּקֶרב ְו ֵאת ֶיֹתֶרת entrails, the protuberance of the liver, and the two ַה ָּכ ֵבד ְו ֶאת־שׁ ְ ֵּתי ַה ְּכ ָליֹת ְו ֶא ֶת־ח ְל ְּב ֶהן .kidneys and their fat—and the right thigh ְו ֵאת שׁ וֹק ַהָּי ִמין׃ כו ּו ִמ ַּסל ַה ַּמ ּצוֹת ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ִל ְפ ֵני ְי ָהֹוה ָל ַקח From the basket of unleavened bread that was 26 ַח ַּלת ַמ ָּצה ַא ַחת ְו ַח ַּלת ֶל ֶחם שׁ ֶ ֶמן ַא ַחת before Hashem, he took one cake of unleavened ְוָר ִקיק ֶא ָחד ַוָּי ֶשׂם ַע ַל־ה ֲח ָל ִבים ְו ַעל bread, one cake of oil bread, and one wafer, and שׁ וֹק ַהָּי ִמין׃ .placed them on the fat parts and on the right thigh כז ַוִּי ֵּתן ֶא ַת־ה ּכֹל ַעל ַּכ ֵּפי ַא ֲהרֹן ְו ַעל ַּכ ֵּפי He placed all these on the palms of Aharon and 27 ָב ָניו ַוָּי ֶנף ָאֹתם ְּת ּנו ָפה ִל ְפ ֵני ְי ָהֹוה׃ on the palms of his sons, and elevated them as an elevation offering beforeHashem . כח ַוִּי ַּקח מֹשׁ ֶ ה ָאֹתם ֵמ ַעל ַּכ ֵּפ ֶיהם ַוַּי ְק ֵטר ThenMoshe took them from their hands and turned 28 ַה ִּמְז ֵּב ָחה ַע ָל־ה ָעֹלה ִמ ֻּל ִאים ֵהם ְלֵר ַיח them into smoke on the mizbayach with the burnt ִנ ַיחֹח ִאשֶּׁ ה ּהוא ַל ָיהֹוה׃ offering. This was an ordination offering for a pleasing odor; it was an offering by fire toHashem . כט ַוִּי ַּקח מֹשׁ ֶ ה ֶא ֶת־ה ָחֶזה ַוְי ִנ ֵיפ ּהו ְת ּנו ָפה Moshe took the breast and elevated it as an 29 ִל ְפ ֵני ְי ָהֹוה ֵמ ֵאיל ַה ִּמ ֻּל ִאים ְלמֹשׁ ֶ ה ָהָיה ’elevation offering beforeHashem ; it was Moshe ְל ָמ ָנה ַּכ ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ִצָּוה ְי ָהֹוה ֶאת־מֹשׁ ֶ ה׃ portion of the ram of ordination—as Hashem had commanded Moshe. ל ַוִּי ַּקח מֹשׁ ֶ ה ִמשֶּׁ ֶמן ַה ִּמשׁ ְ ָחה ּו ִמ ַן־ה ָ ּדם And Moshe took some of the anointing oil and 30 ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ַע ַל־ה ִּמְז ֵּב ַח ַוַּיז ַע ַל־א ֲהרֹן ַעל־ some of the blood that was on the mizbayach and ְּב ָג ָדיו ְו ַע ָּל־ב ָניו ְו ַע ִּל־ב ְג ֵדי ָב ָניו ִא ּתוֹ ,sprinkled it upon Aharon and upon his vestments ַוְי ַק ֵ ּדשׁ ֶא ַת־א ֲהרֹן ֶא ְּת־ב ָג ָדיו ְו ֶא ָּת־ב ָניו .and also upon his sons and upon their vestments ְו ֶא ִּת־ב ְג ֵדי ָב ָניו ִא ּתוֹ׃ Thus he consecratedAharon and his vestments, and also his sons and their vestments. לא ַו ּי ֶֹאמר מֹשׁ ֶ ה ֶא ַל־א ֲהרֹן ְו ֶא ָּל־ב ָניו ַּבשְּׁ ּלו Moshe said to Aharon and his sons: Boil the flesh at 31 ֶא ַת־ה ָּב ָשׂר ֶּפ ַתח ֶאֹהל ֵמוֹעד ְושׁ ָ ם the entrance of the Tent of Meeting and eat it there ּת ְֹאכ ּלו אֹתוֹ ְו ֶא ַת־ה ֶּל ֶחם ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ְּב ַסל —with the bread that is in the basket of ordination ַה ִּמ ֻּל ִאים ַּכ ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ִצֵּו ִיתי ֵלאמֹר ַא ֲהרֹן ;as I commanded: Aharon and his sons shall eat it ּו ָב ָניו ְיֹאכ ֻל ּהו׃ לב ְו ַה ָנּוֹתר ַּב ָּב ָשׂר ּו ַב ָּל ֶחם ָּב ֵאשׁ ִּת ְשׂ ּרֹפו׃ and what is left over of the flesh and the bread you 32 shall consume in fire. לג ּו ִמ ֶּפ ַתח ֶאֹהל ֵמוֹעד לֹא ֵת ְצ ּאו שׁ ִ ְב ַעת You shall not go outside the entrance of the Tent 33 ָי ִמים ַעד יוֹם ְמלֹאת ְי ֵמי ִמ ֻּל ֵא ֶיכם ִּכי of Meeting for seven days, until the day that שׁ ִ ְב ַעת ָי ִמים ְי ַמ ֵּלא ֶא ֶת־י ְד ֶכם׃ your period of ordination is completed. For your ordination will require seven days. לד ַּכ ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ָע ָשׂה ַּב ּיוֹם ַהֶ ּזה ִצָּוה ְי ָהֹוה Everything done today, Hashem has commanded to 34 ַל ֲעשֹׂת ְל ַכ ֵּפר ֲע ֵל ֶיכם׃ .be done [seven days], to make expiation for you לה ּו ֶפ ַתח ֶאֹהל ֵמוֹעד ֵּתשׁ ְ ּבו ָיוֹמם ָו ַלְי ָלה You shall remain at the entrance of the Tent of 35 שׁ ִ ְב ַעת ָי ִמים ּושׁ ְ ַמְר ֶּתם ֶא ִת־משׁ ְ ֶמֶרת Meeting day and night for seven days, keeping ְי ָהֹוה ְולֹא ָת ּמו ּתו ִּכ ֵי־כן ֻצֵּו ִיתי׃ Hashem’s charge—that you may not die—for so I have been commanded. לו ַוַּי ַעשׂ ַא ֲהרֹן ּו ָב ָניו ֵאת ָּכ ַל־ה ְ ּד ָבִרים And Aharon and his sons did all the things that 36 ֲאשׁ ֶ ִר־צָּוה ְי ָהֹוה ְּבַיד־מֹשׁ ֶ ה׃ .Hashem had commanded through Moshe 39 שמיני

ויקרא ט Vayikra/Leviticus 9 Shemini ינימש Shemini Leviticus אא ַוְי ִהי ַ ּב ּיוֹ ם ַהשְּׁ ִמ ִיני ָקָרא מֹשׁ ֶ ה ְל ַא ֲהרֹן On the eighth day Moshe called Aharon and his 1 ט ּו ְל ָב ָניו ּו ְלִז ְק ֵני ִי ְשׂ ָר ֵאל׃ .sons, and the elders of Yisrael 9 ב ַו ּי ֶֹאמר ֶא ַל־א ֲהרֹן ַק ְח־ל ָך ֵע ֶגל ֶּב ָּן־ב ָקר He said to Aharon: “Take a calf of the herd for a 2 ְל ַח ָּטאת ְו ַאִיל ְל ָעֹלה ְּת ִמ ִימם ְו ַה ְקֵרב sin offering and a ram for a burnt offering, without ִל ְפ ֵני ְי ָהֹוה׃ .blemish, and bring them before Hashem ג ְו ֶא ְּל־ב ֵני ִי ְשׂ ָר ֵאל ְּת ַד ֵּבר ֵלאמֹר ְק ּחו -And speak to the Israelites, saying: Take a he 3 ְשׂ ִע ִיר־עִ ּזים ְל ַח ָּטאת ְו ֵע ֶגל ָו ֶכ ֶבשׂ ְּב ֵני־ goat for a sin offering; a calf and a lamb, yearlings שׁ ָ ָנה ְּת ִמ ִימם ְל ָעֹלה׃ ;without blemish, for a burnt offering ד ְושׁ וֹר ָו ַאִיל ִלשׁ ְ ָל ִמים ִלְז ּב ַֹח ִל ְפ ֵני ְי ָהֹוה and an ox and a ram for an offering of well-being to 4 ּו ִמ ְנ ָחה ְּב ּלו ָלה ַבשָּׁ ֶמן ִּכי ַה ּיוֹם ְי ָהֹוה sacrifice beforeHashem ; and a meal offering with ִנְר ָאה ֲא ֵל ֶיכם׃ ”.oil mixed in. For today Hashem will appear to you ה ַוִּי ְק ּחו ֵאת ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ִצָּוה מֹשׁ ֶ ה ֶא ְּל־פ ֵני They brought to the front of the Tent of Meeting 5 ֶאֹהל ֵמוֹעד ַוִּי ְקְר ּבו ָּכ ָל־ה ֵע ָדה ַוַּי ַע ְמ ּדו the things that Moshe had commanded, and the ִל ְפ ֵני ְי ָהֹוה׃ whole community came forward and stood before Hashem. ו ַו ּי ֶֹאמר מֹשׁ ֶ ה ֶזה ַה ָ ּד ָבר ֲאשׁ ֶ ִר־צָּוה ְי ָהֹוה Moshe said: “This is whatHashem has commanded 6 ַּת ֲע ּשׂו ְוֵיָרא ֲא ֵל ֶיכם ְּכבוֹד ְי ָהֹוה׃ that you do, that the Presence of Hashem may appear to you.” ז ַו ּי ֶֹאמר מֹשׁ ֶ ה ֶא ַל־א ֲהרֹן ְקַרב ֶאל־ ThenMoshe said to Aharon: “Come forward to the 7 ַה ִּמְז ֵּב ַח ַו ֲע ֵשׂה ֶא ַת־ח ָּט ְאת ָך ְו ֶא ָת־עֹל ֶת ָך mizbayach and sacrifice your sin offering and your ְו ַכ ֵּפר ַּב ַע ְד ָך ּו ְב ַעד ָה ָעם ַו ֲע ֵשׂה ֶאת־ burnt offering, making expiation for yourself and ָקְר ַּבן ָה ָעם ְו ַכ ֵּפר ַּב ֲע ָדם ַּכ ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ִצָּוה for the people; and sacrifice the people’s offering ְי ָהֹוה׃ and make expiation for them, as Hashem has commanded.” ח ַוִּי ְקַרב ַא ֲהרֹן ֶא ַל־ה ִּמְז ֵּב ַח ַוִּישׁ ְ ַחט ֶאת־ Aharon came forward to the mizbayach and 8 ֵע ֶגל ַה ַח ָּטאת ֲאשׁ ֶ ר־לוֹ׃ .slaughtered his calf of sin offering ט ַוַּי ְקִר ּבו ְּב ֵני ַא ֲהרֹן ֶא ַת־ה ָ ּדם ֵא ָליו ַוִּי ְט ּבֹל Aharon’s sons brought the blood to him; he dipped 9 ֶא ְצ ָּבעוֹ ַּב ָ ּדם ַוִּי ֵּתן ַע ַל־קְרנוֹת ַה ִּמְז ֵּב ַח his finger in the blood and put it on the horns of the ְו ֶא ַת־ה ָ ּדם ָי ַצק ֶא ְל־יסוֹד ַה ִּמְז ֵּב ַח׃ mizbayach; and he poured out the rest of the blood at the base of the mizbayach. י ְו ֶא ַת־ה ֵח ֶלב ְו ֶא ַת־ה ְּכ ָליֹת ְו ֶא ַת־ה ּי ֶֹתֶרת The fat, the kidneys, and the protuberance of the 10 ִמ ַן־ה ָּכ ֵבד ִמ ַן־ה ַח ָּטאת ִה ְק ִטיר ַה ִּמְז ֵּב ָחה liver from the sin offering he turned into smoke ַּכ ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ִצָּוה ְי ָהֹוה ֶאת־מֹשׁ ֶ ה׃ on the mizbayach—as Hashem had commanded Moshe; יא ְו ֶא ַת־ה ָּב ָשׂר ְו ֶא ָת־העוֹר ָשׂ ַרף ָּב ֵאשׁ and the flesh and the skin were consumed in fire 11 ִמ ּחוץ ַל ַּמ ֲח ֶנה׃ .outside the camp יב ַוִּישׁ ְ ַחט ֶא ָת־ה ָעֹלה ַוַּי ְמ ִצ ּאו ְּב ֵני ַא ֲהרֹן Then he slaughtered the burnt offering.Aharon ’s 12 ֵא ָליו ֶא ַת־ה ָ ּדם ַוִּיְזְר ֵק ּהו ַע ַל־ה ִּמְז ֵּב ַח sons passed the blood to him, and he dashed it ָס ִביב׃ .against all sides of the mizbayach יג ְו ֶא ָת־ה ָעֹלה ִה ְמ ִצ ּיאו ֵא ָליו ִל ְנ ָת ֶח ָיה They passed the burnt offering to him in sections, as 13 ְו ֶא ָת־הרֹאשׁ ַוַּי ְק ֵטר ַע ַל־ה ִּמְז ֵּב ַח׃ well as the head, and he turned it into smoke on the mizbayach.

40 ויקרא ט Vayikra/Leviticus 9 ינימש Shemini Leviticus יד ַוִּיְר ַחץ ֶא ַת־ה ֶּקֶרב ְו ֶא ַת־ה ְּכָר ָעִים ַוַּי ְק ֵטר He washed the entrails and the legs, and turned 14 ַע ָל־ה ָעֹלה ַה ִּמְז ֵּב ָחה׃ them into smoke on the mizbayach with the burnt offering. טו ַוַּי ְקֵרב ֵאת ָקְר ַּבן ָה ָעם ַוִּי ַּקח ֶאת־ .Next he brought forward the people’s offering 15 ְשׂ ִעיר ַה ַח ָּטאת ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ָל ָעם ַוִּישׁ ְ ָח ֵט ּהו He took the goat for the people’s sin offering, and ַוְי ַח ְּט ֵא ּהו ָּכִראשׁ וֹן׃ slaughtered it, and presented it as a sin offering like the previous one. טז ַוַּי ְקֵרב ֶא ָת־ה ָעֹלה ַוַּי ֲע ֶשׂ ָה ַּכ ִּמשׁ ְ ָּפט׃ He brought forward the burnt offering and 16 sacrificed it according to regulation. יז ַוַּי ְקֵרב ֶא ַת־ה ִּמ ְנ ָחה ַוְי ַמ ֵּלא ַכ ּפוֹ ִמ ֶּמ ָנּה ,He then brought forward the meal offering and 17 ַוַּי ְק ֵטר ַע ַל־ה ִּמְז ֵּב ַח ִמ ְּל ַבד ַעֹלת ַה ּב ֶֹקר׃ taking a handful of it, he turned it into smoke on the mizbayach—in addition to the burnt offering of the morning. יח ַוִּישׁ ְ ַחט ֶא ַת־השּׁ וֹר ְו ֶא ָת־ה ַאִיל ֶז ַבח He slaughtered the ox and the ram, the people’s 18 ַהשְּׁ ָל ִמים ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ָל ָעם ַוַּי ְמ ִצ ּאו ְּב ֵני ַא ֲהרֹן sacrifice of well-being.Aharon ’s sons passed the ֶא ַת־ה ָ ּדם ֵא ָליו ַוִּיְזְר ֵק ּהו ַע ַל־ה ִּמְז ֵּב ַח blood to him—which he dashed against every side ָס ִביב׃ of the mizbayach יט ְו ֶא ַת־ה ֲח ָל ִבים ִמ ַן־השּׁ וֹר ּו ִמ ָן־ה ַאִיל and the fat parts of the ox and the ram: the broad 19 ָה ַא ְלָיה ְו ַה ְמ ַכ ֶּסה ְו ַה ְּכ ָליֹת ְו ֶיֹתֶרת tail, the covering [fat], the kidneys, and the ַה ָּכ ֵבד׃ .protuberances of the livers כ ַוָּי ִשׂ ּימו ֶא ַת־ה ֲח ָל ִבים ַע ֶל־ה ָחזוֹת ַוַּי ְק ֵטר They laid these fat parts over the breasts; and 20 ַה ֲח ָל ִבים ַה ִּמְז ֵּב ָחה׃ Aharon* turned the fat parts into smoke on the mizbayach, כא ְו ֵאת ֶה ָחזוֹת ְו ֵאת שׁ וֹק ַהָּי ִמין ֵה ִניף and elevated the breasts and the right thighs as an 21 ַא ֲהרֹן ְּת ּנו ָפה ִל ְפ ֵני ְי ָהֹוה ַּכ ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ִצָּוה elevation offering beforeHashem —as Moshe had מֹשׁ ֶ ה׃ .commanded כב ַוִּי ָּשׂא ַא ֲהרֹן ֶאת־ידו ָ]י ָדיו[ ֶא ָל־ה ָעם Aharon lifted his hands toward the people and 22 ַוְי ָבְר ֵכם ַוֵּיֶרד ֵמ ֲעשֹׂת ַה ַח ָּטאת ְו ָה ָעֹלה blessed them; and he stepped down after offering ְו ַהשְּׁ ָל ִמים׃ the sin offering, the burnt offering, and the offering of well-being. כג ַוָּיבֹא מֹשׁ ֶ ה ְו ַא ֲהרֹן ֶא ֶל־אֹהל ֵמוֹעד Moshe and Aharon then went inside the Tent of 23 ַוֵּי ְצ ּאו ַוְי ָבֲר ּכו ֶא ָת־ה ָעם ַוֵּיָרא ְכבוֹד־ Meeting. When they came out, they blessed the ְי ָהֹוה ֶא ָּל־כ ָל־ה ָעם׃ people; and the Presence of Hashem appeared to all the people. va-ya-VO mo-SHEH v’-a-ha-RON el O-hel mo-AYD va-YAY-tz’-U vai-va-ra-KHU et ha-AM va-yay-RA kh’-vod a-do-NAI el kol ha-AM

* “Aharon” moved up from v. 21 for clarity

9:23 And the Presence of the Lord appeared to all Ramban, the Mishkan constitutes the continuation of the people The purpose of the Mishkan in the the revelation at Sinai. While the Divine Presence rested desert, and the Beit Hamikdash in Yerushalayim, is to briefly on Mount Sinai, it found a long-term home in the serve as a fixed resting place forHashem ’s presence on Mishkan, and ultimately a permanent dwelling on the earth. The commandment to build the Mishkan directly Temple Mount in Yerushalayim. Model of the Mishkan in Timna Park follows the revelation at Sinai, since, according to

41 ויקרא י Vayikra/Leviticus 10 ינימש Shemini Leviticus כד ַו ֵּת ֵצא ֵאשׁ ִמ ִּל ְפ ֵני ְי ָהֹוה ַו ּת ַֹאכל ַעל־ Fire came forth from before Hashem and consumed 24 ַה ִּמְז ֵּב ַח ֶא ָת־ה ָעֹלה ְו ֶא ַת־ה ֲח ָל ִבים ַוַּיְרא the burnt offering and the fat parts on the ָּכ ָל־ה ָעם ַוָּי ּרֹנּו ַוִּי ְּפ ּלו ַע ְּל־פ ֵנ ֶיהם׃ ,mizbayach. And all the people saw, and shouted and fell on their faces. א ַוִּי ְק ּחו ְב ֵנ ַי־א ֲהרֹן ָנ ָדב ַו ֲא ִב ּיהוא ִאישׁ Now Aharon’s sons Nadav and Avihu each took his 1 י ַמ ְח ָּתתוֹ ַוִּי ְּת ּנו ָב ֵהן ֵאשׁ ַוָּי ִשׂ ּימו ָע ֶל ָיה fire pan, put fire in it, and laid incense on it; and 10 ְק ֶטֹרת ַוַּי ְקִר ּבו ִל ְפ ֵני ְי ָהֹוה ֵאשׁ ָזָרה they offered beforeHashem alien fire, which He had ֲאשׁ ֶ ר לֹא ִצָּוה ָאֹתם׃ .not enjoined upon them ב ַו ֵּת ֵצא ֵאשׁ ִמ ִּל ְפ ֵני ְי ָהֹוה ַו ּת ַֹאכל ָאוֹתם And fire came forth fromHashem and consumed 2 ַוָּי ֻמ ּתו ִל ְפ ֵני ְי ָהֹוה׃ .them; thus they died at the instance of Hashem ג ַו ּי ֶֹאמר מֹשׁ ֶ ה ֶא ַל־א ֲהרֹן ּהוא ֲאשׁ ֶ ר־ ThenMoshe said to Aharon, “This is whatHashem 3 ִ ּד ֶּבר ְי ָהֹוה ֵלאמֹר ִּב ְק ַרֹבי ֶא ָּק ֵדשׁ ְו ַעל־ meant when He said: Through those near to Me ְּפ ֵני ָכ ָל־ה ָעם ֶא ָּכ ֵבד ַוִּי ּדֹם ַא ֲהרֹן׃ I show Myself holy, And gain glory before all the people.” And Aharon was silent. va-YO-mer mo-SHEH el a-ha-RON HU a-sher di-BER a-do-NAI lay-MOR bik-ro- VAI e-ka-DAYSH v’-al p’-NAY khol ha-AM e-ka-VAYD va-yi-DOM a-ha-RON ד ַוִּי ְקָרא מֹשׁ ֶ ה ֶא ִל־מישׁ ָ ֵאל ְו ֶאל ֶא ְל ָצ ָפן Moshe called Mishael and Elzaphan, sons of Uzziel 4 ְּב ֵני ֻעִ ּז ֵיאל ּדֹד ַא ֲהרֹן ַו ּי ֶֹאמר ֲא ֵל ֶהם the uncle of Aharon, and said to them, “Come ִקְר ּבו ְשׂ ּאו ֶא ֲת־א ֵח ֶיכם ֵמ ֵאת ְּפ ֵני־ forward and carry your kinsmen away from the ַה ּק ֶֹדשׁ ֶא ִל־מ ּחוץ ַל ַּמ ֲח ֶנה׃ ”.front of the sanctuary to a place outside the camp ה ַוִּי ְקְר ּבו ַוִּי ָּשׂ ֻאם ְּב ֻכ ֳּת ָנֹתם ֶא ִל־מ ּחוץ They came forward and carried them out of the 5 ַל ַּמ ֲח ֶנה ַּכ ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ִ ּד ֶּבר מֹשׁ ֶ ה׃ .camp by their tunics, as Moshe had ordered ו ַו ּי ֶֹאמר מֹשׁ ֶ ה ֶא ַל־א ֲהרֹן ּו ְל ֶא ְל ָעָזר And Moshe said to Aharon and to his sons Elazar 6 ּו ְל ִא ָית ָמר ָּב ָניו ָראשׁ ֵ ֶיכם ַא ִּל־ת ְפָר ּעו and Itamar, “Do not bare your heads and do not ּו ִב ְג ֵד ֶיכם ִלֹא־ת ְפ ּרֹמו ְולֹא ָת ֻמ ּתו ְו ַעל rend your clothes, lest you die and anger strike the ָּכ ָל־ה ֵע ָדה ִי ְקצֹף ַו ֲא ֵח ֶיכם ָּכ ֵּל־בית whole community. But your kinsmen, all the house ִי ְשׂ ָר ֵאל ִי ְב ּכ ּו ֶא ַת־ה ְּשׂ ֵר ָפה ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ָשׂ ַרף of Yisrael, shall bewail the burning that Hashem has ְי ָהֹוה׃ .wrought ז ּו ִמ ֶּפ ַתח ֶאֹהל ֵמוֹעד לֹא ֵת ְצ ּאו ֶּפן־ And so do not go outside the entrance of the Tent 7 ָּת ֻמ ּתו ִּכי־שׁ ֶ ֶמן ִמשׁ ְ ַחת ְי ָהֹוה ֲע ֵל ֶיכם of Meeting, lest you die, for Hashem’s anointing oil ַוַּי ֲע ּשׂו ִּכ ְד ַבר מֹשׁ ֶ ה׃ .is upon you.” And they did as Moshe had bidden ח ַוְי ַד ֵּבר ְי ָהֹוה ֶא ַל־א ֲהרֹן ֵלאמֹר׃ :And Hashem spoke to Aharon, saying 8

10:3 Through those near to Me I show Myself holy The sanctuary forbidden, so they are punished. Their desire death of Aharon’s sons, Nadav and Avihu, occurs in for closeness is reflected in Moshe’s words to Aharon, the midst of the joyous inauguration ceremony of the “Through those near to Me I show Myself holy.” Nadav Mishkan. The Sages explain that they are so moved by and Avihu are indeed close to God, but this closeness the closeness they feel to Hashem at this moment of does not allow them to bend the rules. By punishing revelation, that Nadav and Avihu desire to get even those who were closest to Him, God’s name is sanctified, closer with an offering of their own which they bring as He teaches the important lesson that everyone, even in the Holy of Holies. Though their intentions are pure, those who are most powerful and respected, must be the offering is unauthorized and the entry into the Holy held to the same standard.

42 ויקרא י Vayikra/Leviticus 10 ינימש Shemini Leviticus ט ַיִין ְושׁ ֵ ָכר ַא ֵּל־תשׁ ְ ְּת ַא ָּתה ּו ָב ֶנ ָיך ִא ָּת ְך Drink no wine or other intoxicant, you or your 9 ְּב ֲבֹא ֶכם ֶא ֶל־אֹהל ֵמוֹעד ְולֹא ָת ֻמ ּתו sons, when you enter the Tent of Meeting, that you ֻח ַּקת ָעוֹלם ְל ֵדֹרֹת ֶיכם׃ may not die. This is a law for all time throughout the ages, י ּו ֲל ַה ְב ִ ּדיל ֵּבין ַה ּק ֶֹדשׁ ּו ֵבין ַהחֹל ּו ֵבין for you must distinguish between the sacred and 10 ַה ָּט ֵמא ּו ֵבין ַה ָּטהוֹר׃ the profane, and between the unclean and the clean; יא ּו ְלהוֹרֹת ֶא ְּת־ב ֵני ִי ְשׂ ָר ֵאל ֵאת ָּכל־ and you must teach the Israelites all the laws which 11 ַה ֻח ִּקים ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ִ ּד ֶּבר ְי ָהֹוה ֲא ֵל ֶיהם ְּבַיד־ .Hashem has imparted to them through Moshe מֹשׁ ֶ ה׃ יב ַוְי ַד ֵּבר מֹשׁ ֶ ה ֶא ַל־א ֲהרֹן ְו ֶאל ֶא ְל ָעָזר ,Moshe spoke to Aharon and to his remaining sons 12 ְו ֶא ִל־א ָית ָמר ָּב ָניו ַה ָנּוֹתִרים ְק ּחו ֶאת־ Elazar and Itamar: Take the meal offering that is ַה ִּמ ְנ ָחה ַה ֶנּוֹתֶרת ֵמ ִאשֵּׁ י ְי ָהֹוה ְו ִא ְכ ּלו ָה left over fromHashem ’s offerings by fire and eat it ַמ ּצוֹת ֵא ֶצל ַה ִּמְז ֵּב ַח ִּכי ֶקֹדשׁ ָק ָדשׁ ִ ים .unleavened beside the mizbayach, for it is most holy ִהוא׃ יג ַו ֲא ַכ ְל ֶּתם ָאֹת ּה ְּב ָמקוֹם ָקדֹשׁ ִּכי ָח ְק ָך You shall eat it in the sacred precinct, inasmuch 13 ְו ָח ָּק־ב ֶנ ָיך ִהוא ֵמ ִאשֵּׁ י ְי ָהֹוה ִּכ ֵי־כן as it is your due, and that of your children, from ֻצֵּו ִיתי׃ Hashem’s offerings by fire; for so I have been commanded. יד ְו ֵאת ֲחֵזה ַה ְּת ּנו ָפה ְו ֵאת שׁ וֹק ַה ְּת ּרו ָמה But the breast of elevation offering and the thigh of 14 ּת ְֹאכ ּלו ְּב ָמקוֹם ָטהוֹר ַא ָּתה ּו ָב ֶנ ָיך gift offering you, and your sons and daughters with ּו ְב ֶנֹת ָיך ִא ָּת ְך ִּכ ָי־ח ְק ָך ְו ָח ָּק־ב ֶנ ָיך ִנ ְּת ּנו you, may eat in any clean place, for they have been ִמִ ּז ְב ֵחי שׁ ַ ְל ֵמי ְּב ֵני ִי ְשׂ ָר ֵאל׃ assigned as a due to you and your children from the Israelites’ sacrifices of well-being. טו שׁ וֹק ַה ְּת ּרו ָמה ַו ֲחֵזה ַה ְּת ּנו ָפה ַעל ִאשֵּׁ י Together with the fat of fire offering, they must 15 ַה ֲח ָל ִבים ָי ִב ּיאו ְל ָה ִניף ְּת ּנו ָפה ִל ְפ ֵני present the thigh of gift offering and the breast of ְי ָהֹוה ְו ָהָיה ְל ָך ּו ְל ָב ֶנ ָיך ִא ְּת ָך ְל ָח ָק־עוֹלם elevation offering, which are to be elevated as an ַּכ ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ִצָּוה ְי ָהֹוה׃ elevation offering beforeHashem , and which are to be your due and that of your children with you for all time—as Hashem has commanded. טז ְו ֵאת ְשׂ ִעיר ַה ַח ָּטאת ָ ּדרֹשׁ ָ ּדַרשׁ מֹשׁ ֶ ה ,ThenMoshe inquired about the goat of sin offering 16 ְו ִה ֵנּה ָשֹׂרף ַוִּי ְקצֹף ַע ֶל־א ְל ָעָזר ְו ַעל־ and it had already been burned! He was angry with ִא ָית ָמר ְּב ֵני ַא ֲהרֹן ַה ָנּוֹתִרם ֵלאמֹר׃ Elazar and Itamar, Aharon’s remaining sons, and said, יז ַמ ּד ּו ַע ֲלֹא־א ַכ ְל ֶּתם ֶא ַת־ה ַח ָּטאת Why did you not eat the sin offering in the sacred“ 17 ִּב ְמקוֹם ַה ּק ֶֹדשׁ ִּכי ֶקֹדשׁ ָק ָדשׁ ִ ים ִהוא area? For it is most holy, and He has given it to you ְו ָאֹת ּה ָנ ַתן ָל ֶכם ָל ֵשׂאת ֶא ֲת־עוׂן ָה ֵע ָדה to remove the guilt of the community and to make ְל ַכ ֵּפר ֲע ֵל ֶיהם ִל ְפ ֵני ְי ָהֹוה׃ .expiation for them before Hashem יח ֵהן ּלֹא־הו ָבא ֶא ָ ּת־ד ָמ ּה ֶא ַל־ה ּק ֶֹדשׁ Since its blood was not brought inside the 18 ְּפ ִנ ָימה ָאכוֹל ּת ְֹאכ ּלו ָאֹת ּה ַּב ּק ֶֹדשׁ sanctuary, you should certainly have eaten it in the ַּכ ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ִצֵּו ִיתי׃ ”.sanctuary, as I commanded

43 ויקרא אי Vayikra/Leviticus 11 ינימש Shemini Leviticus יט ַוְי ַד ֵּבר ַא ֲהרֹן ֶאל־מֹשׁ ֶ ה ֵהן ַה ּיוֹם ִה ְקִר ּיבו And Aharon spoke to Moshe, “See, this day they 19 ֶא ַת־ח ָּט ָאתם ְו ֶא ָת־עֹל ָתם ִל ְפ ֵני ְי ָהֹוה brought their sin offering and their burnt offering ַו ִּת ְקֶר ָאנה ִאֹתי ָּכ ֵא ֶּלה ְו ָא ַכ ְל ִּתי ַח ָּטאת !before Hashem, and such things have befallen me ַה ּיוֹם ַהִּי ַיטב ְּב ֵע ֵיני ְי ָהֹוה׃ Had I eaten sin offering today, wouldHashem have approved?” כ ַוִּישׁ ְ ַמע מֹשׁ ֶ ה ַוִּי ַיטב ְּב ֵע ָיניו׃ .And when Moshe heard this, he approved 20 א ַוְי ַד ֵּבר ְי ָהֹוה ֶאל־מֹשׁ ֶ ה ְו ֶא ַל־א ֲהרֹן Hashem spoke to Moshe and Aharon, saying to 1 יא ֵלאמֹר ֲא ֵל ֶהם׃ :them 11 ב ַ ּד ְּב ּרו ֶא ְּל־ב ֵני ִי ְשׂ ָר ֵאל ֵלאמֹר זֹאת ַה ַחָּיה Speak to B’nei Yisrael thus: These are the creatures 2 ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ּת ְֹאכ ּלו ִמ ָּכ ַל־ה ְּב ֵה ָמה ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ַעל־ :that you may eat from among all the land animals ָה ָאֶרץ׃ ג ּכֹל ַמ ְפֶר ֶסת ַּפְר ָסה ְושׁ ַֹס ַעת שׁ ֶ ַסע any animal that has true hoofs, with clefts through 3 ְּפָרסֹת ַמ ֲע ַלת ֵּגָרה ַּב ְּב ֵה ָמה ָאֹת ּה the hoofs, and that chews the cud—such you may ּת ֵֹאכ ּלו׃ .eat ד ַא ְך ֶא ֶת־זה לֹא ְתֹאכ ּלו ִמ ַּמ ֲע ֵלי ַה ֵּגָרה The following, however, of those that either chew 4 ּו ִמ ַּמ ְפִר ֵיסי ַה ַּפְר ָסה ֶא ַת־ה ָּג ָמל ִּכי־ the cud or have true hoofs, you shall not eat: the ַמ ֲע ֵלה ֵגָרה ּהוא ּו ַפְר ָסה ֵא ֶינ ּנּו ַמ ְפִריס camel—although it chews the cud, it has no true ָט ֵמא ּהוא ָל ֶכם׃ ;hoofs: it is unclean for you ה ְו ֶא ַת־השָּׁ ָפן ִּכ ַי־מ ֲע ֵלה ֵגָרה ּהוא ּו ַפְר ָסה the daman—although it chews the cud, it has no 5 לֹא ַי ְפִריס ָט ֵמא ּהוא ָל ֶכם׃ ;true hoofs: it is unclean for you ו ְו ֶא ָת־ה ַאְר ֶנ ֶבת ִּכ ַי־מ ֲע ַלת ֵּגָרה ִהוא the hare—although it chews the cud, it has no true 6 ּו ַפְר ָסה לֹא ִה ְפִר ָיסה ְט ֵמ ָאה ִהוא ָל ֶכם׃ ;hoofs: it is unclean for you ז ְו ֶא ַת־ה ֲחִזיר ִּכ ַי־מ ְפִריס ַּפְר ָסה ּהוא and the swine—although it has true hoofs, with the 7 ְושׁ ַֹסע שׁ ֶ ַסע ַּפְר ָסה ְו ּהוא ֵּגָרה ִלֹא־י ָּגר hoofs cleft through, it does not chew the cud: it is ָט ֵמא ּהוא ָל ֶכם׃ .unclean for you ח ִמ ְּב ָשׂ ָרם לֹא ֵתֹאכ ּלו ּו ְב ִנ ְב ָל ָתם לֹא You shall not eat of their flesh or touch their 8 ִת ָּג ּעו ְט ֵמ ִאים ֵהם ָל ֶכם׃ .carcasses; they are unclean for you ט ֶא ֶת־זה ּת ְֹאכ ּלו ִמ ּכֹל ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ַּב ָּמִים ּכֹל These you may eat of all that live in water: anything 9 ֲאשׁ ֶ ר־לוֹ ְס ַנ ִּפיר ְו ַק ְשׂ ֶק ֶשׂת ַּב ַּמִים in water, whether in the seas or in the streams, that ַּבַּי ִּמים ּו ַב ְנּ ָח ִלים ָאֹתם ּת ֵֹאכ ּלו׃ .has fins and scales—these you may eat י ְוכֹל ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ֵאין־לוֹ ְס ַנ ִּפיר ְו ַק ְשׂ ֶק ֶשׂת But anything in the seas or in the streams that has 10 ַּבַּי ִּמים ּו ַב ְנּ ָח ִלים ִמ ּכֹל שׁ ֶ ֶרץ ַה ַּמִים ּו ִמ ּכֹל no fins and scales, among all the swarming things of ֶנ ֶפשׁ ַה ַחָּיה ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ַּב ָּמִים שׁ ֶ ֶקץ ֵהם ָל ֶכם׃ the water and among all the other living creatures that are in the water—they are an abomination for you יא ְושׁ ֶ ֶקץ ִי ְה ּיו ָל ֶכם ִמ ְּב ָשׂ ָרם לֹא ֵתֹאכ ּלו and an abomination for you they shall remain: you 11 ְו ֶא ִת־נ ְב ָל ָתם ְּתשׁ ַ ֵּק ּצו׃ shall not eat of their flesh and you shall abominate their carcasses. יב ּכֹל ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ֵאין־לוֹ ְס ַנ ִּפיר ְו ַק ְשׂ ֶק ֶשׂת Everything in water that has no fins and scales shall 12 ַּב ָּמִים שׁ ֶ ֶקץ ּהוא ָל ֶכם׃ .be an abomination for you

44 ויקרא אי Vayikra/Leviticus 11 ינימש Shemini Leviticus יג ְו ֶא ֵת־א ֶּלה ְּתשׁ ַ ְּק ּצו ִמ ָן־העוֹף לֹא ֵי ָא ְכ ּלו The following you shall abominate among the 13 שׁ ֶ ֶקץ ֵהם ֶא ַת־ה ֶנּשׁ ֶ ר ְו ֶא ַת־ה ֶּפֶרס ְו ֵאת birds—they shall not be eaten, they are an ָה ָעְז ִנָּיה׃ abomination: the eagle, the vulture, and the black vulture; יד ְו ֶא ַת־ה ָ ּד ָאה ְו ֶא ָת־ה ַאָּיה ְל ִמ ָינ ּה׃ ;the kite, falcons of every variety 14 טו ֵאת ָּכ ֵל־עֹרב ְל ִמינוֹ׃ ;all varieties of raven 15 טז ְו ֵאת ַּבת ַהַּי ֲע ָנה ְו ֶא ַת־ה ַּת ְח ָמס ְו ֶאת־ the ostrich, the nighthawk, the sea gull; hawks of 16 ַהשָּׁ ַחף ְו ֶא ַת־ה ֵנּץ ְל ִמ ֵינ ּהו׃ ;every variety יז ְו ֶא ַת־ה ּכוֹס ְו ֶא ַת־השָּׁ ָל ְך ְו ֶא ַת־הַּי ְנשׁ ּוף׃ ;the little owl, the cormorant, and the great owl 17 יח ְו ֶא ַת־ה ִּת ְנשׁ ֶ ֶמת ְו ֶא ַת־ה ָּק ָאת ְו ֶאת־ ;the white owl, the pelican, and the bustard 18 ָהָר ָחם׃ יט ְו ֵאת ַה ֲח ִס ָידה ָה ֲא ָנ ָפה ְל ִמ ָינ ּה ְו ֶאת־ the stork; herons of every variety; the hoopoe, and 19 ַה ּד ּו ִכ ַיפת ְו ֶא ָת־ה ֲע ַט ֵּלף׃ .the bat כ ּכֹל שׁ ֶ ֶרץ ָהעוֹף ַה ֵהֹל ְך ַע ַל־אְר ַּבע שׁ ֶ ֶקץ All winged swarming things that walk on fours shall 20 ּהוא ָל ֶכם׃ .be an abomination for you כא ַא ְך ֶא ֶת־זה ּת ְֹאכ ּלו ִמ ּכֹל שׁ ֶ ֶרץ ָהעוֹף But these you may eat among all the winged 21 ַה ֵהֹל ְך ַע ַל־אְר ַּבע ֲאשׁ ֶ ר־לא ]לוֹ[ ְכָר ַעִים ,swarming things that walk on fours: all that have ִמ ַּמ ַעל ְלַר ְג ָליו ְל ַנ ֵּתר ָּב ֵהן ַע ָל־ה ָאֶרץ׃ above their feet, jointed legs to leap with on the ground כב ֶא ֵת־א ֶּלה ֵמ ֶהם ּת ֵֹאכ ּלו ֶא ָת־ה ַאְר ֶּבה of these you may eat the following: locusts of every 22 ְל ִמינוֹ ְו ֶא ַת־ה ָּס ְל ָעם ְל ִמ ֵינ ּהו ְו ֶאת־ variety; all varieties of bald locust; crickets of every ַה ַחְר ּגֹל ְל ִמ ֵינ ּהו ְו ֶא ֶת־ה ָח ָגב ְל ִמ ֵינ ּהו׃ .variety; and all varieties of grasshopper כג ְוכֹל שׁ ֶ ֶרץ ָהעוֹף ֲאשׁ ֶ ר־לוֹ ַאְר ַּבע ַר ְג ָלִים But all other winged swarming things that have four 23 שׁ ֶ ֶקץ ּהוא ָל ֶכם׃ .legs shall be an abomination for you כד ּו ְל ֵא ֶּלה ִּת ַּט ָּמ ּאו ָּכ ַל־ה ֵנֹּג ַע ְּב ִנ ְב ָל ָתם —And the following shall make you unclean 24 ִי ְט ָמא ַע ָד־ה ָעֶרב׃ whoever touches their carcasses shall be unclean until evening, כה ְו ָכ ַל־ה ֵנֹּשׂא ִמ ִנּ ְב ָל ָתם ְי ַכ ֵּבס ְּב ָג ָדיו ְו ָט ֵמא and whoever carries the carcasses of any of them 25 ַע ָד־ה ָעֶרב׃ shall wash his clothes and be unclean until evening כו ְל ָכ ַל־ה ְּב ֵה ָמה ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ִהוא ַמ ְפֶר ֶסת ַּפְר ָסה every animal that has true hoofs but without clefts 26 ְושׁ ֶ ַסע ֵא ֶינ ָנּה שׁ ַֹס ַעת ְו ֵגָרה ֵא ֶינ ָנּה .through the hoofs, or that does not chew the cud ַמ ֲע ָלה ְט ֵמ ִאים ֵהם ָל ֶכם ָּכ ַל־ה ֵנֹּג ַע ָּב ֶהם They are unclean for you; whoever touches them ִי ְט ָמא׃ .shall be unclean כז ְוכֹל ֵהוֹל ְך ַע ַּל־כ ָּפיו ְּב ָכ ַל־ה ַחָּיה ַה ֶהֹל ֶכת Also all animals that walk on paws, among those 27 ַע ַל־אְר ַּבע ְט ֵמ ִאים ֵהם ָל ֶכם ָּכ ַל־ה ֵנֹּג ַע that walk on fours, are unclean for you; whoever ְּב ִנ ְב ָל ָתם ִי ְט ָמא ַע ָד־ה ָעֶרב׃ touches their carcasses shall be unclean until evening. כח ְו ַה ֵנֹּשׂא ֶא ִת־נ ְב ָל ָתם ְי ַכ ֵּבס ְּב ָג ָדיו ְו ָט ֵמא And anyone who carries their carcasses shall wash 28 ַע ָד־ה ָעֶרב ְט ֵמ ִאים ֵה ָּמה ָל ֶכם׃ his clothes and remain unclean until evening. They are unclean for you.

45 ויקרא אי Vayikra/Leviticus 11 ינימש Shemini Leviticus כט ְוֶזה ָל ֶכם ַה ָּט ֵמא ַּבשֶּׁ ֶרץ ַהשּׁ ֵֹרץ ַעל־ The following shall be unclean for you from among 29 ָה ָאֶרץ ַה ֶחֹלד ְו ָה ַע ְכ ָּבר ְו ַה ָּצב ְל ִמ ֵינ ּהו׃ the things that swarm on the earth: the mole, the mouse, and great lizards of every variety; ל ְו ָה ֲא ָנ ָקה ְו ַה ּכ ַֹח ְו ַה ְּל ָט ָאה ְו ַה ֶחֹמט the gecko, the land crocodile, the lizard, the sand 30 ְ ו ַ ה ִ ּ ת ְ נ שׁ ָ ֶ מ ת ׃ .lizard, and the Hameleon לא ֵא ֶּלה ַה ְּט ֵמ ִאים ָל ֶכם ְּב ָכ ַל־השָּׁ ֶרץ ָּכל־ Those are for you the unclean among all the 31 ַה ֵנֹּג ַע ָּב ֶהם ְּב ָמֹתם ִי ְט ָמא ַע ָד־ה ָעֶרב׃ swarming things; whoever touches them when they are dead shall be unclean until evening. לב ְוכֹל ֲאשׁ ֶ ִר־י ּפ ָֹל־ע ָליו ֵמ ֶהם ְּב ָמֹתם And anything on which one of them falls when 32 ִי ְט ָמא ִמ ָּכ ְּל־כ ִל ֵי־עץ אוֹ ֶב ֶגד אוֹ־עוֹר אוֹ dead shall be unclean: be it any article of wood, or a ָשׂק ָּכ ְּל־כ ִלי ֲאשׁ ֶ ֵר־י ָע ֶשׂה ְמ ָל ָאכה ָּב ֶהם cloth, or a skin, or a sack—any such article that can ַּב ַּמִים ּיו ָבא ְו ָט ֵמא ַע ָד־ה ֶעֶרב ְו ָט ֵהר׃ be put to use shall be dipped in water, and it shall remain unclean until evening; then it shall be clean. לג ְו ָכ ְּל־כ ִל ֶי־חֶרשׂ ֲאשׁ ֶ ִר־י ּפֹל ֵמ ֶהם ֶאל־ ,And if any of those falls into an earthen vessel 33 ּתוֹכוֹ ּכֹל ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ְּבתוֹכוֹ ִי ְט ָמא ְואֹתוֹ everything inside it shall be unclean and [the ִתשׁ ְ ּב ֹּרו׃ .vessel] itself you shall break לד ִמ ָּכ ָל־ה ֶאֹכל ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ֵי ָא ֵכל ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ָיבוֹא As to any food that may be eaten, it shall become 34 ָע ָליו ַמִים ִי ְט ָמא ְו ָכ ַל־משׁ ְ ֶקה ֲאשׁ ֶ ר unclean if it came in contact with water; as to any ִישָּׁ ֶתה ְּב ָכ ְּל־כ ִלי ִי ְט ָמא׃ liquid that may be drunk, it shall become unclean if it was inside any vessel. לה ְוכֹל ֲאשׁ ֶ ִר־י ּפֹל ִמ ִנּ ְב ָל ָתם ָע ָליו ִי ְט ָמא Everything on which the carcass of any of them falls 35 ַּת ּנּור ְו ִכ ַירִים ֻי ָּתץ ְט ֵמ ִאים ֵהם ּו ְט ֵמ ִאים .shall be unclean: an oven or stove shall be smashed ִי ְה ּיו ָל ֶכם׃ They are unclean and unclean they shall remain for you. לו ַא ְך ַמ ְעָין ּובוֹר ִמ ְקֵו ַה־מִים ִי ְהֶיה ָטהוֹר However, a spring or cistern in which water is 36 ְו ֵנֹג ַע ְּב ִנ ְב ָל ָתם ִי ְט ָמא׃ collected shall be clean, but whoever touches such a carcass in it shall be unclean. לז ְו ִכי ִי ּפֹל ִמ ִנּ ְב ָל ָתם ַע ָּל־כ ֶל־זַרע ֵז ּרו ַע If such a carcass falls upon seed grain that is to be 37 ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ִיָ ּזֵר ַע ָטהוֹר ּהוא׃ ;sown, it is clean לח ְו ִכי ֻי ַּת ַן־מִים ַע ֶל־זַרע ְו ָנ ַפל ִמ ִנּ ְב ָל ָתם but if water is put on the seed and any part of a 38 ָע ָליו ָט ֵמא ּהוא ָל ֶכם׃ .carcass falls upon it, it shall be unclean for you לט ְו ִכי ָי ּמות ִמ ַן־ה ְּב ֵה ָמה ֲאשׁ ֶ ִר־היא ָל ֶכם If an animal that you may eat has died, anyone who 39 ְל ָא ְכ ָלה ַה ֵנֹּג ַע ְּב ִנ ְב ָל ָת ּה ִי ְט ָמא ַעד־ ;touches its carcass shall be unclean until evening ָה ָעֶרב׃ מ ְו ָה ֵאֹכל ִמ ִנּ ְב ָל ָת ּה ְי ַכ ֵּבס ְּב ָג ָדיו ְו ָט ֵמא anyone who eats of its carcass shall wash his clothes 40 ַע ָד־ה ָעֶרב ְו ַה ֵנֹּשׂא ֶא ִת־נ ְב ָל ָת ּה ְי ַכ ֵּבס and remain unclean until evening; and anyone who ְּב ָג ָדיו ְו ָט ֵמא ַע ָד־ה ָעֶרב׃ carries its carcass shall wash his clothes and remain unclean until evening. מא ְו ָכ ַל־השֶּׁ ֶרץ ַהשּׁ ֵֹרץ ַע ָל־ה ָאֶרץ שׁ ֶ ֶקץ All the things that swarm upon the earth are an 41 ּהוא לֹא ֵי ָא ֵכל׃ .abomination; they shall not be eaten

46 ויקרא בי Vayikra/Leviticus 12 עירזת Tazria תזריע Leviticus מב ּכֹל ֵהוֹל ְך ַע ָּל־גחוֹן ְוכֹל ֵהוֹל ְך ַע ַל־אְר ַּבע You shall not eat, among all things that swarm 42 ַעד ָּכ ַל־מְר ֵּבה ַר ְג ַלִים ְל ָכ ַל־השֶּׁ ֶרץ upon the earth, anything that crawls on its belly, or ַהשּׁ ֵֹרץ ַע ָל־ה ָאֶרץ לֹא ְתֹאכ ּלום ִּכי־ anything that walks on fours, or anything that has שׁ ֶ ֶקץ ֵהם׃ .many legs; for they are an abomination מג ַא ְּל־תשׁ ַ ְּק ּצו ֶא ַת־נ ְפשׁ ֵֹת ֶיכם ְּב ָכל־ You shall not draw abomination upon yourselves 43 ַהשֶּׁ ֶרץ ַהשּׁ ֵֹרץ ְולֹא ִת ַּט ְּמ ּאו ָּב ֶהם through anything that swarms; you shall not make ְו ִנ ְט ֵמ ֶתם ָּבם׃ yourselves unclean therewith and thus become unclean. מד ִּכי ֲא ִני ְי ָהֹוה ֱא ֵלֹה ֶיכם ְו ִה ְת ַק ִ ּדשׁ ְ ֶּתם For I Hashem am your God: you shall sanctify 44 ִו ְהִי ֶיתם ְקדֹשׁ ִ ים ִּכי ָקדוֹשׁ ָא ִני ְולֹא yourselves and be holy, for I am holy. You shall not ְת ַט ְּמ ּאו ֶא ַת־נ ְפשׁ ֵֹת ֶיכם ְּב ָכ ַל־השֶּׁ ֶרץ make yourselves unclean through any swarming ָה ֵרֹמשׂ ַע ָל־ה ָאֶרץ׃ .thing that moves upon the earth מה ִּכי ֲא ִני ְי ָהֹוה ַה ַּמ ֲע ֶלה ֶא ְת ֶכם ֵמ ֶאֶרץ For I Hashem am He who brought you up from the 45 ִמ ְצַרִים ִל ְהיֹת ָל ֶכם ֵל ִאלֹהים ִו ְהִי ֶיתם ,land of Egypt to be your God: you shall be holy ְקדֹשׁ ִ ים ִּכי ָקדוֹשׁ ָא ִני׃ .for I am holy KEE a-NEE a-do-NAI ha-ma-a-LEH et-KHEM may-E-retz mitz-RA-yim lih-YOT la-KHEM lay-lo-HEEM vih-yee-TEM k’-do-SHEEM KEE ka-DOSH A-nee מו זֹאת ּת ַוֹרת ַה ְּב ֵה ָמה ְו ָהעוֹף ְוכֹל ֶנ ֶפשׁ ,These are the instructions concerning animals 46 ַה ַחָּיה ָה ֶרֹמ ֶשׂת ַּב ָּמִים ּו ְל ָכ ֶל־נ ֶפשׁ birds, all living creatures that move in water, and all ַהשּׁ ֶֹר ֶצת ַע ָל־ה ָאֶרץ׃ ,creatures that swarm on earth מז ְל ַה ְב ִ ּדיל ֵּבין ַה ָּט ֵמא ּו ֵבין ַה ָּטהֹר ּו ֵבין for distinguishing between the unclean and the 47 ּ ּ clean, between the living things that may be eaten ַה ַחָיה ַה ֶנּ ֱא ֶכ ֶלת ּו ֵבין ַה ַחָיה ֲאשׁ ֶ ר לֹא Tazria ֵת ָא ֵכל׃ .and the living things that may not be eaten יב אא ַוְי ַד ֵּבר ְי ָהֹוה ֶאל־מֹשׁ ֶ ה ֵּלאמֹר׃ :Hashem spoke to Moshe, saying 1 12 ב ַ ּד ֵּבר ֶא ְּל־ב ֵני ִי ְשׂ ָר ֵאל ֵלאמֹר ִאשָּׁ ה ִּכי Speak to B’nei Yisrael thus: When a woman at 2 ַתְזִר ַיע ְוָי ְל ָדה ָז ָכר ְו ָט ְמ ָאה שׁ ִ ְב ַעת ָי ִמים childbirth bears a male, she shall be unclean seven ִּכ ֵימי ִנ ַ ּדת ְ ּד ָוׂת ּה ִּת ְט ָמא׃ days; she shall be unclean as at the time of her menstrual infirmity. ג ּו ַב ּיוֹם ַהשְּׁ ִמ ִיני ִי ּמוֹל ְּב ַשׂר ָעְר ָלתוֹ׃ On the eighth day the flesh of his foreskin shall be 3 circumcised. u-va-YOM ha-sh’-mee-NEE yi-MOL b’-SAR or-la-TO

11:45 You shall be holy, for I am holy This verse as close as possible to the holiness of Hashem. Through appears towards the end of the description of observance of the kosher dietary laws, the People of the kosher dietary laws. God draws a clear connection Israel are meant to have a positive influence on the rest between obeying the kosher laws and sustaining a of the world. status of holiness. The Bible instructs the Children of Israel to distinguish between things which may be eaten 12:3 On the eighth day the flesh of his foreskin shall and things which are not to be eaten. In handing these be circumcised This chapter deals with the laws President Ezer requirements to the Jewish people, Hashem is requiring of purity applying to a woman after childbirth. In this Weizman (L) at context, the Bible also mentions the law of circumcision, a Brit Milah that they distinguish themselves from the other nations. the removal of the baby boy’s foreskin on the eighth day ceremony They are charged with a great responsibility to live a holy life, to follow God’s commandments and to come of his life. Circumcision was the first commandment given

47 ויקרא גי Vayikra/Leviticus 13 עירזת Tazria Leviticus ד ּושׁ ְ לֹשׁ ִ ים יוֹם ּושׁ ְ לֹשׁ ֶ ת ָי ִמים ֵּתשׁ ֵ ב She shall remain in a state of blood purification 4 ִּב ְד ֵמי ָט ֳהָרה ְּב ָכ ֶל־קֹדשׁ ִלֹא־ת ָּגע for thirty-three days: she shall not touch any ְו ֶא ַל־ה ִּמ ְק ָ ּדשׁ לֹא ָתבֹא ַע ְד־מלֹאת ְי ֵמי consecrated thing, nor enter the sanctuary until her ָט ֳהָר ּה׃ .period of purification is completed ה ְו ִא ְם־נ ֵק ָבה ֵת ֵלד ְו ָט ְמ ָאה שׁ ְ ֻב ַעִים If she bears a female, she shall be unclean two weeks 5 ְּכ ִנ ָ ּד ָת ּה ְושׁ ִ שִּׁ ים יוֹם ְושׁ ֵ שׁ ֶ ת ָי ִמים ֵּתשׁ ֵ ב as during her menstruation, and she shall remain in ַע ְ ּל־ד ֵמי ָט ֳהָרה׃ .a state of blood purification for sixty-six days ו ּו ִב ְמלֹאת ְי ֵמי ָט ֳהָר ּה ְל ֵבן אוֹ ְל ַבת ָּת ִביא On the completion of her period of purification, for 6 ֶּכ ֶבשׂ ֶּבן־שׁ ְ ָנתוֹ ְל ָעֹלה ּו ֶב ָן־יוֹנה אוֹ־תֹר ,either son or daughter, she shall bring to the Kohen ְל ַח ָּטאת ֶא ֶּל־פ ַתח ֶאֹה ֵל־מוֹעד ֶאל־ at the entrance of the Tent of Meeting, a lamb in ַה ּכ ֵֹהן׃ its first year for a burnt offering, and a pigeon or a turtledove for a sin offering. ז ְו ִה ְקִריבוֹ ִל ְפ ֵני ְי ָהֹוה ְו ִכ ֶּפר ָע ֶל ָיה ְו ָט ֲהָרה He shall offer it beforeHashem and make expiation 7 ִמ ְּמקֹר ָ ּד ֶמ ָיה זֹאת ּת ַוֹרת ַה ּי ֶֹל ֶדת ַלָ ּז ָכר on her behalf; she shall then be clean from her flow אוֹ ַל ְנּ ֵק ָבה׃ of blood. Such are the rituals concerning her who bears a child, male or female. ח ְו ִאם־לֹא ִת ְמ ָצא ָי ָד ּה ֵ ּדי ֶשׂה ְו ָל ְק ָחה ,If, however, her means do not suffice for a sheep 8 שׁ ְ ֵּת ִי־תֹרים אוֹ שׁ ְ ֵני ְּב ֵני ָיוֹנה ֶא ָחד she shall take two turtledoves or two pigeons, one ְל ָעֹלה ְו ֶא ָחד ְל ַח ָּטאת ְו ִכ ֶּפר ָע ֶל ָיה ַה ּכ ֵֹהן .for a burnt offering and the other for a sin offering ְו ָט ֵהָרה׃ TheKohen shall make expiation on her behalf, and she shall be clean. א ַוְי ַד ֵּבר ְי ָהֹוה ֶאל־מֹשׁ ֶ ה ְו ֶא ַל־א ֲהרֹן :Hashem spoke to Moshe and Aharon, saying 1 יג ֵלאמֹר׃ 13 ב ָא ָדם ִּכ ִי־י ְהֶיה ְב ְּעוֹר־ב ָשׂרוֹ ְשׂ ֵאת אוֹ־ When a person has on the skin of his body a 2 ַס ַּפ ַחת אוֹ ַב ֶהֶרת ְו ָהָיה ְב ְּעוֹר־ב ָשׂרוֹ swelling, a rash, or a discoloration, and it develops ְל ֶנ ַגע ָצָר ַעת ְו ּהו ָבא ֶא ַל־א ֲהרֹן ַה ּכ ֵֹהן אוֹ into a scaly affection on the skin of his body, it shall ֶא ַל־א ַחד ִמ ָּב ָניו ַה ּכ ֲֹה ִנים׃ be reported to Aharon the Kohen or to one of his sons, the Kohanim. ג ְוָר ָאה ַה ּכ ֵֹהן ֶא ַת־ה ֶנּ ַגע ְּב ַעוֹר־ה ָּב ָשׂר TheKohen shall examine the affection on the skin 3 ְו ֵשׂ ָער ַּב ֶנּ ַגע ָה ַפ ְך ָל ָבן ּו ַמְר ֵאה ַה ֶנּ ַגע of his body: if hair in the affected patch has turned ָעמֹק ֵמעוֹר ְּב ָשׂרוֹ ֶנ ַגע ָצַר ַעת ּהוא white and the affection appears to be deeper than ְוָר ָא ּהו ַה ּכ ֵֹהן ְו ִט ֵּמא אֹתוֹ׃ the skin of his body, it is a leprous affection; when the Kohen sees it, he shall pronounce him unclean.

to Avraham, as detailed in Sefer Bereishit chapter 17. That Land of Israel as an eternal inheritance. To this very day, chapter begins with the covenant Hashem makes with the circumcision of a male descendant of Avraham draws Avraham, promising that He will be an everlasting God the new child into the covenant with Hashem, and serves to Avraham and his descendants, that Avraham will merit as a constant reminder of God’s promise to remain with numerous offspring, and thatHashem will give them the His people and give them Eretz Yisrael.

48 ויקרא גי Vayikra/Leviticus 13 עירזת Tazria Leviticus ד ְו ִא ַּם־ב ֶהֶרת ְל ָב ָנה ִהוא ְּבעוֹר ְּב ָשׂרוֹ But if it is a white discoloration on the skin of his 4 ְו ָעמֹק ֵא ַין־מְר ֶא ָה ִמ ָן־העוֹר ּו ְשׂ ָעָרה body which does not appear to be deeper than the ָלֹא־ה ַפ ְך ָל ָבן ְו ִה ְס ִּגיר ַה ּכ ֵֹהן ֶא ַת־ה ֶנּ ַגע skin and the hair in it has not turned white, the שׁ ִ ְב ַעת ָי ִמים׃ Kohen shall isolate the affected person for seven days. ה ְוָר ָא ּהו ַה ּכ ֵֹהן ַּב ּיוֹם ַהשְּׁ ִב ִיעי ְו ִה ֵנּה ַה ֶנּ ַגע ,On the seventh day the Kohen shall examine him 5 ָע ַמד ְּב ֵע ָיניו ָלֹא־פ ָשׂה ַה ֶנּ ַגע ָּבעוֹר and if the affection has remained unchanged in ְו ִה ְס ִּגירוֹ ַה ּכ ֵֹהן שׁ ִ ְב ַעת ָי ִמים שׁ ֵ ִנית׃ color and the disease has not spread on the skin, the Kohen shall isolate him for another seven days. ו ְוָר ָאה ַה ּכ ֵֹהן אֹתוֹ ַּב ּיוֹם ַהשְּׁ ִב ִיעי שׁ ֵ ִנית On the seventh day the Kohen shall examine him 6 ְו ִה ֵנּה ֵּכ ָהה ַה ֶנּ ַגע ְו ָלֹא־פ ָשׂה ַה ֶנּ ַגע ָּבעוֹר again: if the affection has faded and has not spread ְו ִט ֲהרוֹ ַה ּכ ֵֹהן ִמ ְס ַּפ ַחת ִהיא ְו ִכ ֶּבס ְּב ָג ָדיו .on the skin, the Kohen shall pronounce him clean ְו ָט ֵהר׃ It is a rash; he shall wash his clothes, and he shall be clean. ז ְו ִא ָּם־פשֹׂה ִת ְפ ֶשׂה ַה ִּמ ְס ַּפ ַחת ָּבעוֹר But if the rash should spread on the skin after 7 ַא ֲחֵרי ֵהָראֹתוֹ ֶא ַל־ה ּכ ֵֹהן ְל ָט ֳהָרתוֹ he has presented himself to the Kohen and been ְו ִנְר ָאה שׁ ֵ ִנית ֶא ַל־ה ּכ ֵֹהן׃ pronounced clean, he shall present himself again to the Kohen. ח ְוָר ָאה ַה ּכ ֵֹהן ְו ִה ֵנּה ָּפ ְשׂ ָתה ַה ִּמ ְס ַּפ ַחת And if the Kohen sees that the rash has spread on 8 ָּבעוֹר ְו ִט ְּמאוֹ ַה ּכ ֵֹהן ָצַר ַעת ִהוא׃ the skin, the Kohen shall pronounce him unclean; it is leprosy. ט ֶנ ַגע ָצַר ַעת ִּכי ִת ְהֶיה ְּב ָא ָדם ְו ּהו ָבא When a person has a scaly affection, it shall be 9 ֶא ַל־ה ּכ ֵֹהן׃ .reported to the Kohen י ְוָר ָאה ַה ּכ ֵֹהן ְו ִה ֵנּה ְשׂ ֵא ְת־ל ָב ָנה ָּבעוֹר If the Kohen finds on the skin a white swelling 10 ְו ִהיא ָה ְפ ָכה ֵשׂ ָער ָל ָבן ּו ִמ ְחַית ָּב ָשׂר ַחי which has turned some hair white, with a patch of ַ ּב ְשׂ ֵאת׃ ,undiscolored flesh in the swelling יא ָצַר ַעת נוֹשׁ ֶ ֶנת ִהוא ְּבעוֹר ְּב ָשׂרוֹ ְו ִט ְּמאוֹ it is chronic leprosy on the skin of his body, and the 11 ַה ּכ ֵֹהן לֹא ַי ְס ִּגֶר ּנּו ִּכי ָט ֵמא ּהוא׃ Kohen shall pronounce him unclean; he need not isolate him, for he is unclean. יב ְו ִא ָּם־פ ַרוֹח ִּת ְפַרח ַה ָּצַר ַעת ָּבעוֹר If the eruption spreads out over the skin so that it 12 ְו ִכ ְּס ָתה ַה ָּצַר ַעת ֵאת ָּכל־עוֹר ַה ֶנּ ַגע covers all the skin of the affected person from head ֵמרֹאשׁ וֹ ְו ַע ַד־ר ְג ָליו ְל ָכ ַל־מְר ֵאה ֵע ֵיני to foot, wherever the Kohen can see ַה ּכ ֵֹהן׃ יג ְוָר ָאה ַה ּכ ֵֹהן ְו ִה ֵנּה ִכ ְּס ָתה ַה ָּצַר ַעת ֶאת־ if the Kohen sees that the eruption has covered 13 ָּכ ְּל־ב ָשׂרוֹ ְו ִט ַהר ֶא ַת־ה ָנּ ַגע ֻּכ ּלוֹ ָה ַפ ְך the whole body—he shall pronounce the affected ָל ָבן ָטהוֹר ּהוא׃ .person clean; he is clean, for he has turned all white יד ּו ְביוֹם ֵהָראוֹת ּבוֹ ָּב ָשׂר ַחי ִי ְט ָמא׃ But as soon as undiscolored flesh appears in it, he 14 shall be unclean; טו ְוָר ָאה ַה ּכ ֵֹהן ֶא ַת־ה ָּב ָשׂר ַה ַחי ְו ִט ְּמאוֹ when the Kohen sees the undiscolored flesh, he 15 ַה ָּב ָשׂר ַה ַחי ָט ֵמא ּהוא ָצַר ַעת ּהוא׃ shall pronounce him unclean. The undiscolored flesh is unclean; it is leprosy. טז אוֹ ִכי ָישׁ ּוב ַה ָּב ָשׂר ַה ַחי ְו ֶנ ְה ַּפ ְך ְל ָל ָבן But if the undiscolored flesh again turns white, he 16 ּו ָבא ֶא ַל־ה ּכ ֵֹהן׃ ,shall come to the Kohen

49 ויקרא גי Vayikra/Leviticus 13 עירזת Tazria Leviticus יז ְוָר ָא ּהו ַה ּכ ֵֹהן ְו ִה ֵנּה ֶנ ְה ַּפ ְך ַה ֶנּ ַגע ְל ָל ָבן and the Kohen shall examine him: if the affection 17 ְו ִט ַהר ַה ּכ ֵֹהן ֶא ַת־ה ֶנּ ַגע ָטהוֹר ּהוא׃ has turned white, the Kohen shall pronounce the affected person clean; he is clean. יח ּו ָב ָשׂר ִּכ ִי־י ְהֶיה ְבוֹ־בעֹרוֹ שׁ ְ ִחין ְו ִנְר ָּפא׃ When an inflammation appears on the skin of one’s 18 body and it heals, יט ְו ָהָיה ִּב ְמקוֹם ַהשְּׁ ִחין ְשׂ ֵאת ְל ָב ָנה אוֹ and a white swelling or a white discoloration 19 ַב ֶהֶרת ְל ָב ָנה ֲא ַד ְמ ָ ּד ֶמת ְו ִנְר ָאה ֶאל־ streaked with red develops where the inflammation ַה ּכ ֵֹהן׃ .was, he shall present himself to the Kohen כ ְוָר ָאה ַה ּכ ֵֹהן ְו ִה ֵנּה ַמְר ֶא ָה שׁ ָ ָפל ִמן־ If the Kohen finds that it appears lower than the 20 ָהעוֹר ּו ְשׂ ָעָר ּה ָה ַפ ְך ָל ָבן ְו ִט ְּמאוֹ ַה ּכ ֵֹהן rest of the skin and that the hair in it has turned ֶנ ַג ָע־צַר ַעת ִהוא ַּבשְּׁ ִחין ָּפָר ָחה׃ ;white, the Kohen shall pronounce him unclean it is a leprous affection that has broken out in the inflammation. כא ְו ִאם ִיְר ֶא ָנּה ַה ּכ ֵֹהן ְו ִה ֵנּה ֵא ָּין־ב ּה ֵשׂ ָער But if the Kohen finds that there is no white hair in 21 ָל ָבן ּושׁ ְ ָפ ָלה ֵא ֶינ ָנּה ִמ ָן־העוֹר ְו ִהיא ֵכ ָהה it and it is not lower than the rest of the skin, and it ְו ִה ְס ִּגירוֹ ַה ּכ ֵֹהן שׁ ִ ְב ַעת ָי ִמים׃ .is faded, the Kohen shall isolate him for seven days כב ְו ִא ָּם־פשֹׂה ִת ְפ ֶשׂה ָּבעוֹר ְו ִט ֵּמא ַה ּכ ֵֹהן If it should spread in the skin, the Kohen shall 22 אֹתוֹ ֶנ ַגע ִהוא׃ .pronounce him unclean; it is an affection כג ְו ִא ַּם־ת ְח ֶּת ָיה ַּת ֲעמֹד ַה ַּב ֶהֶרת לֹא But if the discoloration remains stationary, not 23 ָפ ָשׂ ָתה ָצֶר ֶבת ַהשְּׁ ִחין ִהוא ְו ִט ֲהרוֹ having spread, it is the scar of the inflammation; the ַה ּכ ֵֹהן׃ .Kohen shall pronounce him clean כד אוֹ ָב ָשׂר ִּכ ִי־י ְהֶיה ְבעֹרוֹ ִמ ְכַו ֵת־אשׁ When the skin of one’s body sustains a burn by 24 ְו ָהְי ָתה ִמ ְחַית ַה ִּמ ְכָוה ַּב ֶהֶרת ְל ָב ָנה ,fire, and the patch from the burn is a discoloration ֲא ַד ְמ ֶ ּד ֶמת אוֹ ְל ָב ָנה׃ ,either white streaked with red, or white כה ְוָר ָאה ָאֹת ּה ַה ּכ ֵֹהן ְו ִה ֵנּה ֶנ ְה ַּפ ְך ֵשׂ ָער ָל ָבן the Kohen shall examine it. If some hair has turned 25 ַּב ַּב ֶהֶרת ּו ַמְר ֶא ָה ָעמֹק ִמ ָן־העוֹר ָצַר ַעת white in the discoloration, which itself appears to ִהוא ַּב ִּמ ְכָוה ָּפָר ָחה ְו ִט ֵּמא אֹתוֹ ַה ּכ ֵֹהן go deeper than the skin, it is leprosy that has broken ֶנ ַגע ָצַר ַעת ִהוא׃ out in the burn. TheKohen shall pronounce him unclean; it is a leprous affection. כו ְו ִאם ִיְר ֶא ָנּה ַה ּכ ֵֹהן ְו ִה ֵנּה ֵא ַּין־ב ֶּב ֶהֶרת But if the Kohen finds that there is no white hair 26 ֵשׂ ָער ָל ָבן ּושׁ ְ ָפ ָלה ֵא ֶינ ָנּה ִמ ָן־העוֹר in the discoloration, and that it is not lower than ְו ִהוא ֵכ ָהה ְו ִה ְס ִּגירוֹ ַה ּכ ֵֹהן שׁ ִ ְב ַעת ָי ִמים׃ the rest of the skin, and it is faded, the Kohen shall isolate him for seven days. כז ְוָר ָא ּהו ַה ּכ ֵֹהן ַּב ּיוֹם ַהשְּׁ ִב ִיעי ִא ָּם־פשֹׂה On the seventh day the Kohen shall examine him: if 27 ִת ְפ ֶשׂה ָּבעוֹר ְו ִט ֵּמא ַה ּכ ֵֹהן אֹתוֹ ֶנ ַגע it has spread in the skin, the Kohen shall pronounce ָצַר ַעת ִהוא׃ .him unclean; it is a leprous affection כח ְו ִא ַּם־ת ְח ֶּת ָיה ַת ֲעמֹד ַה ַּב ֶהֶרת לֹא־ But if the discoloration has remained stationary, not 28 ָפ ְשׂ ָתה ָבעוֹר ְו ִהוא ֵכ ָהה ְשׂ ֵאת ַה ִּמ ְכָוה having spread on the skin, and it is faded, it is the ִהוא ְו ִט ֲהרוֹ ַה ּכ ֵֹהן ִּכ ָי־צֶר ֶבת ַה ִּמ ְכָוה swelling from the burn. TheKohen shall pronounce ִהוא׃ .him clean, for it is the scar of the burn כט ְו ִאישׁ אוֹ ִאשָּׁ ה ִּכ ִי־י ְהֶיה בוֹ ָנ ַגע ְּברֹאשׁ If a man or a woman has an affection on the head or 29 אוֹ ְבָז ָקן׃ ,in the beard

50 ויקרא גי Vayikra/Leviticus 13 עירזת Tazria Leviticus ל ְוָר ָאה ַה ּכ ֵֹהן ֶא ַת־ה ֶנּ ַגע ְו ִה ֵנּה ַמְר ֵא ּהו the Kohen shall examine the affection. If it appears 30 ָעמֹק ִמ ָן־העוֹר ּובוֹ ֵשׂ ָער ָצהֹב ָ ּדק to go deeper than the skin and there is thin yellow ְו ִט ֵּמא אֹתוֹ ַה ּכ ֵֹהן ֶנ ֶתק ּהוא ָצַר ַעת hair in it, the Kohen shall pronounce him unclean; it ָהרֹאשׁ אוֹ ַהָ ּז ָקן ּהוא׃ .is a scall, a scaly eruption in the hair or beard לא ְו ִכ ִי־יְר ֶאה ַה ּכ ֵֹהן ֶא ֶת־נ ַגע ַה ֶנּ ֶתק ְו ִה ֵנּה But if the Kohen finds that the scall affection does 31 ֵא ַין־מְר ֵא ּהו ָעמֹק ִמ ָן־העוֹר ְו ֵשׂ ָער שׁ ָ חֹר not appear to go deeper than the skin, yet there is ֵאין ּבוֹ ְו ִה ְס ִּגיר ַה ּכ ֵֹהן ֶא ֶת־נ ַגע ַה ֶנּ ֶתק no black hair in it, the Kohen shall isolate the person שׁ ִ ְב ַעת ָי ִמים׃ .with the scall affection for seven days לב ְוָר ָאה ַה ּכ ֵֹהן ֶא ַת־ה ֶנּ ַגע ַּב ּיוֹם ַהשְּׁ ִב ִיעי On the seventh day the Kohen shall examine the 32 ְו ִה ֵנּה ָלֹא־פ ָשׂה ַה ֶנּ ֶתק ְו ָלֹא־הָיה בוֹ affection. If the scall has not spread and no yellow ֵשׂ ָער ָצהֹב ּו ַמְר ֵאה ַה ֶנּ ֶתק ֵאין ָעמֹק hair has appeared in it, and the scall does not appear ִמ ָן־העוֹר׃ ,to go deeper than the skin לג ְו ִה ְת ַּג ָּלח ְו ֶא ַת־ה ֶנּ ֶתק לֹא ְי ַג ֵּל ַח ְו ִה ְס ִּגיר the person with the scall shall shave himself, but 33 ַה ּכ ֵֹהן ֶא ַת־ה ֶנּ ֶתק שׁ ִ ְב ַעת ָי ִמים שׁ ֵ ִנית׃ without shaving the scall; the Kohen shall isolate him for another seven days. לד ְוָר ָאה ַה ּכ ֵֹהן ֶא ַת־ה ֶנּ ֶתק ַּב ּיוֹם ַהשְּׁ ִב ִיעי On the seventh day the Kohen shall examine the 34 ְו ִה ֵנּה ָלֹא־פ ָשׂה ַה ֶנּ ֶתק ָּבעוֹר ּו ַמְר ֵא ּהו scall. If the scall has not spread on the skin, and ֵא ֶינ ּנּו ָעמֹק ִמ ָן־העוֹר ְו ִט ַהר אֹתוֹ ַה ּכ ֵֹהן does not appear to go deeper than the skin, the ְו ִכ ֶּבס ְּב ָג ָדיו ְו ָט ֵהר׃ Kohen shall pronounce him clean; he shall wash his clothes, and he shall be clean. לה ְו ִא ָּם־פשֹׂה ִי ְפ ֶשׂה ַה ֶנּ ֶתק ָּבעוֹר ַא ֲחֵרי If, however, the scall should spread on the skin after 35 ָט ֳה ָרתוֹ ׃ ,he has been pronounced clean לו ְוָר ָא ּהו ַה ּכ ֵֹהן ְו ִה ֵנּה ָּפ ָשׂה ַה ֶנּ ֶתק ָּבעוֹר the Kohen shall examine him. If the scall has spread 36 ְלֹא־י ַב ֵּקר ַה ּכ ֵֹהן ַל ֵּשׂ ָער ַה ָּצהֹב ָט ֵמא on the skin, the Kohen need not look for yellow ּהוא׃ .hair: he is unclean לז ְו ִא ְּם־ב ֵע ָיניו ָע ַמד ַה ֶנּ ֶתק ְו ֵשׂ ָער שׁ ָ חֹר ,But if the scall has remained unchanged in color 37 ָצ ַמ ּח־בוֹ ִנְר ָּפא ַה ֶנּ ֶתק ָטהוֹר ּהוא ְו ִט ֲהרוֹ and black hair has grown in it, the scall is healed; he ַה ּכ ֵֹהן׃ .is clean. TheKohen shall pronounce him clean לח ְו ִאישׁ ִאוֹ־אשָּׁ ה ִּכ ִי־י ְהֶיה ְב ְּעוֹר־ב ָשׂ ָרם If a man or a woman has the skin of the body 38 ֶּב ָהרֹת ֶּב ָהרֹת ְל ָבנֹת׃ ,streaked with white discolorations לט ְוָר ָאה ַה ּכ ֵֹהן ְו ִה ֵנּה ְב ְּעוֹר־ב ָשׂ ָרם ֶּב ָהרֹת and the Kohen sees that the discolorations on the 39 ֵּכהוֹת ְל ָבנֹת ּב ַֹהק ּהוא ָּפַרח ָּבעוֹר skin of the body are of a dull white, it is a tetter ָטהוֹר ּהוא׃ .broken out on the skin; he is clean מ ְו ִאישׁ ִּכי ִי ָּמֵרט רֹאשׁ וֹ ֵקֵר ַח ּהוא ָטהוֹר If a man loses the hair of his head and becomes 40 ּהוא׃ .bald, he is clean מא ְו ִאם ִמ ְּפ ַאת ָּפ ָניו ִי ָּמֵרט רֹאשׁ וֹ ִּג ֵּב ַח ּהוא If he loses the hair on the front part of his head and 41 ָטהוֹר ּהוא׃ .becomes bald at the forehead, he is clean מב ְו ִכ ִי־י ְהֶיה ַב ָּקַר ַחת אוֹ ַב ַּג ַּב ַחת ֶנ ַגע ָל ָבן But if a white affection streaked with red appears on 42 ֲא ַד ְמ ָ ּדם ָצַר ַעת ּפַֹר ַחת ִהוא ְּב ָקַר ְח ּתוֹ ,the bald part in the front or at the back of the head אוֹ ְב ַג ַ ּב ְח ּתוֹ ׃ it is a scaly eruption that is spreading over the bald part in the front or at the back of the head.

51 ויקרא גי Vayikra/Leviticus 13 עירזת Tazria Leviticus מג ְוָר ָאה אֹתוֹ ַה ּכ ֵֹהן ְו ִה ֵנּה ְשׂ ֵא ַת־ה ֶנּ ַגע TheKohen shall examine him: if the swollen 43 ְל ָב ָנה ֲא ַד ְמ ֶ ּד ֶמת ְּב ָקַר ְח ּתוֹ אוֹ ְב ַג ַּב ְח ּתוֹ affection on the bald part in the front or at the ְּכ ַמְר ֵאה ָצַר ַעת עוֹר ָּב ָשׂר׃ back of his head is white streaked with red, like the leprosy of body skin in appearance, מד ִאישׁ ָ־צ ּרו ַע ּהוא ָט ֵמא ּהוא ַט ֵּמא the man is leprous; he is unclean. TheKohen shall 44 ְי ַט ְּמ ֶא ּנּו ַה ּכ ֵֹהן ְּברֹאשׁ וֹ ִנ ְגעוֹ׃ pronounce him unclean; he has the affection on his head. מה ְו ַה ָּצ ּרו ַע ֲאשׁ ֶ ּר־בוֹ ַה ֶנּ ַגע ְּב ָג ָדיו ִי ְה ּיו As for the person with a leprous affection, his 45 ְפֻר ִמים ְורֹאשׁ וֹ ִי ְהֶיה ָפ ּרו ַע ְו ַע ָל־שׂ ָפם clothes shall be rent, his head shall be left bare, and ַי ְע ֶטה ְו ָט ֵמא ָט ֵמא ִי ְקָרא׃ he shall cover over his upper lip; and he shall call out, “Unclean! Unclean!” מו ָּכ ְל־י ֵמי ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ַה ֶנּ ַגע ּבוֹ ִי ְט ָמא ָט ֵמא ּהוא .He shall be unclean as long as the disease is on him 46 ָּב ָדד ֵישׁ ֵ ב ִמ ּחוץ ַל ַּמ ֲח ֶנה מוֹשׁ ָ בוֹ׃ Being unclean, he shall dwell apart; his dwelling shall be outside the camp. מז ְו ַה ֶּב ֶגד ִּכ ִי־י ְהֶיה בוֹ ֶנ ַגע ָצָר ַעת ְּב ֶב ֶגד When an eruptive affection occurs in a cloth of 47 ֶצ ֶמר אוֹ ְּב ֶב ֶגד ִּפשׁ ְ ִּתים׃ ,wool or linen fabric מח אוֹ ִבשׁ ְ ִתי אוֹ ְב ֵעֶרב ַל ִּפשׁ ְ ִּתים ְו ַל ָּצ ֶמר ,in the warp or in the woof of the linen or the wool 48 אוֹ ְבעוֹר אוֹ ְּב ָכ ְל־מ ֶל ֶאכת עוֹר׃ ;or in a skin or in anything made of skin מט ְו ָהָיה ַה ֶנּ ַגע ְיַר ְקַרק אוֹ ֲא ַד ְמ ָ ּדם ַּב ֶּב ֶגד if the affection in the cloth or the skin, in the warp 49 אוֹ ָבעוֹר ַאוֹ־בשְּׁ ִתי ָאוֹ־ב ֵעֶרב אוֹ or the woof, or in any article of skin, is streaky green ְב ָכ ְּל־כ ִלי־עוֹר ֶנ ַגע ָצַר ַעת ּהוא ְו ָהְר ָאה or red, it is an eruptive affection. It shall be shown ֶא ַת־ה ּכ ֵֹהן׃ ;to the Kohen נ ְוָר ָאה ַה ּכ ֵֹהן ֶא ַת־ה ָנּ ַגע ְו ִה ְס ִּגיר ֶאת־ and the Kohen, after examining the affection, shall 50 ַה ֶנּ ַגע שׁ ִ ְב ַעת ָי ִמים׃ .isolate the affected article for seven days נא ְוָר ָאה ֶא ַת־ה ֶנּ ַגע ַּב ּיוֹם ַהשְּׁ ִב ִיעי ִּכ ָי־פ ָשׂה :On the seventh day he shall examine the affection 51 ַה ֶנּ ַגע ַּב ֶּב ֶגד ַאוֹ־בשְּׁ ִתי ָאוֹ־ב ֵעֶרב אוֹ if the affection has spread in the cloth—whether in ָבעוֹר ְלכֹל ֲאשׁ ֶ ֵר־י ָע ֶשׂה ָהעוֹר ִל ְמ ָל ָאכה the warp or the woof, or in the skin, for whatever ָצַר ַעת ַמ ְמ ֶאֶרת ַה ֶנּ ַגע ָט ֵמא ּהוא׃ purpose the skin may be used—the affection is a malignant eruption; it is unclean. נב ְו ָשׂ ַרף ֶא ַת־ה ֶּב ֶגד אוֹ ֶא ַת־השְּׁ ִתי אוֹ The cloth—whether warp or woof in wool or 52 ֶא ָת־ה ֵעֶרב ַּב ֶּצ ֶמר אוֹ ַב ִּפשׁ ְ ִּתים אוֹ ֶאת־ linen, or any article of skin—in which the affection ָּכ ְּל־כ ִלי ָהעוֹר ֲאשׁ ֶ ִר־י ְהֶיה בוֹ ַה ָנּ ַגע ִּכי־ is found, shall be burned, for it is a malignant ָצַר ַעת ַמ ְמ ֶאֶרת ִהוא ָּב ֵאשׁ ִּת ָּשׂ ֵרף׃ .eruption; it shall be consumed in fire נג ְו ִאם ִיְר ֶאה ַה ּכ ֵֹהן ְו ִה ֵנּה ָלֹא־פ ָשׂה ַה ֶנּ ַגע But if the Kohen sees that the affection in the 53 ַּב ֶּב ֶגד אוֹ ַבשְּׁ ִתי אוֹ ָב ֵעֶרב אוֹ ְּב ָכ ְּל־כ ִלי־ cloth—whether in warp or in woof, or in any article עוֹר׃ ,of skin—has not spread נד ְו ִצָּוה ַה ּכ ֵֹהן ְו ִכ ְּב ּסו ֵאת ֲאשׁ ֶ ּר־בוֹ ַה ָנּ ַגע ,the Kohen shall order the affected article washed 54 ְו ִה ְס ִּגירוֹ שׁ ִ ְב ַע ָת־י ִמים שׁ ֵ ִנית׃ .and he shall isolate it for another seven days נה ְוָר ָאה ַה ּכ ֵֹהן ַא ֲחֵרי ֻה ַּכ ֵּבס ֶא ַת־ה ֶנּ ַגע ,And if, after the affected article has been washed 55 ְו ִה ֵנּה ָלֹא־ה ַפ ְך ַה ֶנּ ַגע ֶא ֵת־עינוֹ ְו ַה ֶנּ ַגע the Kohen sees that the affection has not changed ָלֹא־פ ָשׂה ָט ֵמא ּהוא ָּב ֵאשׁ ִּת ְשׂ ְר ֶפ ּנּו color and that it has not spread, it is unclean. It shall ְּפ ֶח ֶתת ִהוא ְּב ָקַר ְח ּתוֹ אוֹ ְב ַג ַּב ְח ּתוֹ׃ be consumed in fire; it is a fret, whether on its inner side or on its outer side. 52 ויקרא די Vayikra/Leviticus 14 ערוצמ Metzora Leviticus נו ְו ִאם ָר ָאה ַה ּכ ֵֹהן ְו ִה ֵנּה ֵּכ ָהה ַה ֶנּ ַגע ַא ֲחֵרי But if the Kohen sees that the affected part, after it 56 ֻה ַּכ ֵּבס אֹתוֹ ְו ָקַרע אֹתוֹ ִמ ַן־ה ֶּב ֶגד אוֹ ִמן־ has been washed, is faded, he shall tear it out from ָהעוֹר אוֹ ִמ ַן־השְּׁ ִתי אוֹ ִמ ָן־ה ֵעֶרב׃ the cloth or skin, whether in the warp or in the woof; נז ְו ִא ֵּם־תָר ֶאה עוֹד ַּב ֶּב ֶגד ַאוֹ־בשְּׁ ִתי אוֹ־ and if it occurs again in the cloth—whether in warp 57 ָב ֵעֶרב אוֹ ְב ָכ ְּל־כ ִלי־עוֹר ּפַֹר ַחת ִהוא or in woof—or in any article of skin, it is a wild ָּב ֵאשׁ ִּת ְשׂ ְר ֶפ ּנּו ֵאת ֲאשׁ ֶ ּר־בוֹ ַה ָנּ ַגע׃ growth; the affected article shall be consumed in fire. נח ְו ַה ֶּב ֶגד ַאוֹ־השְּׁ ִתי ָאוֹ־ה ֵעֶרב ָאוֹ־כ ְּל־כ ִלי If, however, the affection disappears from the 58 ָהעוֹר ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ְּת ַכ ֵּבס ְו ָסר ֵמ ֶהם ַה ָנּ ַגע cloth—warp or woof—or from any article of skin ְו ֻכ ַּבס שׁ ֵ ִנית ְו ָט ֵהר׃ that has been washed, it shall be washed again, and מצורע it shall be clean. נט זֹאת ּת ַוֹרת ֶנ ַג ָע־צַר ַעת ֶּב ֶגד ַה ֶּצ ֶמר אוֹ Such is the procedure for eruptive affections of 59 ַה ִּפשׁ ְ ִּתים אוֹ ַהשְּׁ ִתי אוֹ ָה ֵעֶרב אוֹ ָּכל־ cloth, woolen or linen, in warp or in woof, or of any ְּכ ִלי־עוֹר ְל ַט ֲהרוֹ אוֹ ְל ַט ְּמאוֹ׃ .article of skin, for pronouncing it clean or unclean

Metzora ZOT to-RAT ne-ga tza-RA-at BE-ged ha-TZE-mer O ha-pish-TEEM O ha-sh’-TEE O ha-AY-rev O kol k’-lee OR l’-ta-ha-RO O l’-ta-m’-O יד אא ַוְי ַד ֵּבר ְי ָהֹוה ֶאל־מֹשׁ ֶ ה ֵּלאמֹר׃ :Hashem spoke to Moshe, saying 1 14 ב זֹאת ִּת ְהֶיה ּת ַוֹרת ַה ְּמ ָצֹרע ְּביוֹם ָט ֳהָרתוֹ This shall be the ritual for a leper at the time that he 2 ְו ּהו ָבא ֶא ַל־ה ּכ ֵֹהן׃ is to be cleansed. When it has been reported to the Kohen, ג ְוָי ָצא ַה ּכ ֵֹהן ֶא ִל־מ ּחוץ ַל ַּמ ֲח ֶנה ְוָר ָאה the Kohen shall go outside the camp. If the Kohen 3 ַה ּכ ֵֹהן ְו ִה ֵנּה ִנְר ָּפא ֶנ ַג ַע־ה ָּצַר ַעת ִמן־ sees that the leper has been healed of his scaly ַה ָּצ ּרו ַע׃ ,affection ד ְו ִצָּוה ַה ּכ ֵֹהן ְו ָל ַקח ַל ִּמ ַּט ֵהר שׁ ְ ֵּת ִי־צ ֳּפִרים the Kohen shall order two live clean birds, cedar 4 ַח ּיוֹת ְטהֹרוֹת ְו ֵעץ ֶאֶרז ּושׁ ְ ִני ַתוֹל ַעת wood, crimson stuff, and hyssop to be brought for ְו ֵאזֹב׃ .him who is to be cleansed ה ְו ִצָּוה ַה ּכ ֵֹהן ְושׁ ָ ַחט ֶא ַת־ה ִּצ ּפוֹר ָה ֶא ָחת TheKohen shall order one of the birds slaughtered 5 ֶא ְּל־כ ִל ֶי־חֶרשׂ ַע ַל־מִים ַחִּיים׃ ;over fresh water in an earthen vessel ו ֶא ַת־ה ִּצ ּפֹר ַה ַחָּיה ִי ַּקח ָאֹת ּה ְו ֶא ֵת־עץ and he shall take the live bird, along with the cedar 6 ָה ֶאֶרז ְו ֶאת־שׁ ְ ִני ַה ּת ַוֹל ַעת ְו ֶא ָת־ה ֵאזֹב wood, the crimson stuff, and the hyssop, and dip ְו ָט ַבל ָאוֹתם ְו ֵאת ַה ִּצ ּפֹר ַה ַחָּיה ְּב ַדם them together with the live bird in the blood of the ַה ִּצ ּפֹר ַהשְּׁ ֻח ָטה ַעל ַה ַּמִים ַה ַחִּיים׃ .bird that was slaughtered over the fresh water

13:59 Such is the procedure for eruptive inanimate objects to display signs of illness. Although affections This chapter details with the spiritual lashon hara is a sin not restricted to the Land of Israel, similar in presentation the miraculous spiritual malady of tzaraat could occur ,(צרעת) disease known as tzaraat to leprosy, and the subsequent process of purification only in the land where God’s presence is manifest so from this ailment. Tzaraat is understood to be a clearly. This demonstrates that the spiritual stakes are punishment for a number of sins, most famously the sin higher for those who live in the Holy Land. We must Ramban ,or ‘slander.’ Tzaraat could always remember that one is held more accountable ,(לשון הרע) of lashon hara (1194-1270) appear on a person’s skin, clothing or home. Ramban and one’s actions have greater significance, in Eretz emphasizes that it is absolutely supernatural for Yisrael.

53 ויקרא די Vayikra/Leviticus 14 ערוצמ Metzora Leviticus ז ְו ִהָ ּזה ַעל ַה ִּמ ַּט ֵהר ִמ ַן־ה ָּצַר ַעת שׁ ֶ ַבע He shall then sprinkle it seven times on him who is 7 ְּפ ָע ִמים ְו ִט ֲהרוֹ ְושׁ ִ ַּלח ֶא ַת־ה ִּצ ּפֹר ַה ַחָּיה to be cleansed of the eruption and cleanse him; and ַע ְּל־פ ֵני ַה ָּשׂ ֶדה׃ .he shall set the live bird free in the open country ח ְו ִכ ֶּבס ַה ִּמ ַּט ֵהר ֶא ְּת־ב ָג ָדיו ְו ִג ַּלח ֶא ָּת־כל־ The one to be cleansed shall wash his clothes, shave 8 ְשׂ ָערוֹ ְוָר ַחץ ַּב ַּמִים ְו ָט ֵהר ְו ַא ַחר ָיבוֹא off all his hair, and bathe in water; then he shall be ֶא ַל־ה ַּמ ֲח ֶנה ְוָישׁ ַ ב ִמ ּחוץ ְל ָא ֳהלוֹ שׁ ִ ְב ַעת clean. After that he may enter the camp, but he must ָי ִמים׃ .remain outside his tent seven days ט ְו ָהָיה ַב ּיוֹם ַהשְּׁ ִב ִיעי ְי ַג ַּלח ֶא ָּת־כל־ —On the seventh day he shall shave off all his hair 9 ְשׂ ָערוֹ ֶאת־רֹאשׁ וֹ ְו ֶא ְת־ז ָקנוֹ ְו ֵאת ַּג ּבֹת of head, beard, and eyebrows. When he has shaved ֵע ָיניו ְו ֶא ָּת־כ ְל־שׂ ָערוֹ ְי ַג ֵּל ַח ְו ִכ ֶּבס ֶאת־ off all his hair, he shall wash his clothes and bathe ְּב ָג ָדיו ְוָר ַחץ ֶא ְּת־ב ָשׂרוֹ ַּב ַּמִים ְו ָט ֵהר׃ .his body in water; then he shall be clean י ּו ַב ּיוֹם ַהשְּׁ ִמ ִיני ִי ַּקח שׁ ְ ֵנ ְי־כ ָב ִשׂים On the eighth day he shall take two male lambs 10 ְּת ִמ ִימים ְו ַכ ְב ָשׂה ַא ַחת ַּבת־שׁ ְ ָנ ָת ּה without blemish, one ewe lamb in its first year ְּת ִמ ָימה ּושׁ ְ לֹשׁ ָ ה ֶע ְשׂ ִרֹנים ֶסֹלת ִמ ְנ ָחה without blemish, three-tenths of a measure of ְּב ּלו ָלה ַבשֶּׁ ֶמן ְולֹג ֶא ָחד שׁ ָ ֶמן׃ ,choice flour with oil mixed in for a meal offering and one log of oil. יא ְו ֶה ֱע ִמיד ַה ּכ ֵֹהן ַה ְמ ַט ֵהר ֵאת ָה ִאישׁ These shall be presented beforeHashem , with the 11 ַה ִּמ ַּט ֵהר ְו ָאֹתם ִל ְפ ֵני ְי ָהֹוה ֶּפ ַתח ֶאֹהל man to be cleansed, at the entrance of the Tent of ֵמוֹעד׃ .Meeting, by the Kohen who performs the cleansing יב ְו ָל ַקח ַה ּכ ֵֹהן ֶא ַת־ה ֶּכ ֶבשׂ ָה ֶא ָחד ְו ִה ְקִריב TheKohen shall take one of the male lambs and 12 אֹתוֹ ְל ָאשׁ ָ ם ְו ֶאת־לֹג ַהשָּׁ ֶמן ְו ֵה ִניף ָאֹתם offer it with thelog of oil as a guilt offering, and he ְּת ּנו ָפה ִל ְפ ֵני ְי ָהֹוה׃ shall elevate them as an elevation offering before Hashem. יג ְושׁ ָ ַחט ֶא ַת־ה ֶּכ ֶבשׂ ִּב ְמקוֹם ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ִישׁ ְ ַחט The lamb shall be slaughtered at the spot in the 13 ֶא ַת־ה ַח ָּטאת ְו ֶא ָת־ה ָעֹלה ִּב ְמקוֹם sacred area where the sin offering and the burnt ַה ּק ֶֹדשׁ ִּכי ַּכ ַח ָּטאת ָה ָאשׁ ָ ם ּהוא ַל ּכ ֵֹהן offering are slaughtered. For the guilt offering, like ֶקֹדשׁ ָק ָדשׁ ִ ים ּהוא׃ .the sin offering, goes to theKohen ; it is most holy יד ְו ָל ַקח ַה ּכ ֵֹהן ִמ ַ ּדם ָה ָאשׁ ָ ם ְו ָנ ַתן ַה ּכ ֵֹהן TheKohen shall take some of the blood of the guilt 14 ַע ְּל־ת ּנו ְך ֶאֹזן ַה ִּמ ַּט ֵהר ַהְי ָמ ִנית ְו ַע ּל־ב ֶֹהן offering, and theKohen shall put it on the ridge of ָידוֹ ַהְי ָמ ִנית ְו ַע ּל־ב ֶֹהן ַר ְגלוֹ ַהְי ָמ ִנית׃ the right ear of him who is being cleansed, and on the thumb of his right hand, and on the big toe of his right foot. טו ְו ָל ַקח ַה ּכ ֵֹהן ִמ ּלֹג ַהשָּׁ ֶמן ְוָי ַצק ַע ַּל־כף TheKohen shall then take some of the log of oil and 15 ַה ּכ ֵֹהן ַה ְּשׂ ָמ ִאלית׃ .pour it into the palm of his own left hand טז ְו ָט ַבל ַה ּכ ֵֹהן ֶא ֶת־א ְצ ָּבעוֹ ַהְי ָמ ִנית ִמן־ And the Kohen shall dip his right finger in the oil 16 ַהשֶּׁ ֶמן ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ַע ַּל־כ ּפוֹ ַה ְּשׂ ָמ ִאלית ְו ִהָ ּזה that is in the palm of his left hand and sprinkle ִמ ַן־השֶּׁ ֶמן ְּב ֶא ְצ ָּבעוֹ שׁ ֶ ַבע ְּפ ָע ִמים ִל ְפ ֵני some of the oil with his finger seven times before ְי ָהֹוה׃ .Hashem יז ּו ִמֶּי ֶתר ַהשֶּׁ ֶמן ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ַע ַּל־כ ּפוֹ ִי ֵּתן ַה ּכ ֵֹהן Some of the oil left in his palm shall be put by the 17 ַע ְּל־ת ּנו ְך ֶאֹזן ַה ִּמ ַּט ֵהר ַהְי ָמ ִנית ְו ַע ּל־ב ֶֹהן Kohen on the ridge of the right ear of the one being ָידוֹ ַהְי ָמ ִנית ְו ַע ּל־ב ֶֹהן ַר ְגלוֹ ַהְי ָמ ִנית ַעל cleansed, on the thumb of his right hand, and on ַ ּדם ָה ָאשׁ ָ ם׃ the big toe of his right foot—over the blood of the guilt offering.

54 ויקרא די Vayikra/Leviticus 14 ערוצמ Metzora Leviticus יח ְו ַה ָנּוֹתר ַּבשֶּׁ ֶמן ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ַע ַּל־כף ַה ּכ ֵֹהן ִי ֵּתן The rest of the oil in his palm theKohen shall put on 18 ַעל־רֹאשׁ ַה ִּמ ַּט ֵהר ְו ִכ ֶּפר ָע ָליו ַה ּכ ֵֹהן the head of the one being cleansed. Thus theKohen ִל ְפ ֵני ְי ָהֹוה׃ .shall make expiation for him before Hashem יט ְו ָע ָשׂה ַה ּכ ֵֹהן ֶא ַת־ה ַח ָּטאת ְו ִכ ֶּפר ַעל־ TheKohen shall then offer the sin offering and 19 ַה ִּמ ַּט ֵהר ִמ ֻּט ְמ ָאתוֹ ְו ַא ַחר ִישׁ ְ ַחט ֶאת־ make expiation for the one being cleansed of ָה ָעֹלה׃ his uncleanness. Last, the burnt offering shall be slaughtered, כ ְו ֶה ֱע ָלה ַה ּכ ֵֹהן ֶא ָת־ה ָעֹלה ְו ֶא ַת־ה ִּמ ְנ ָחה and the Kohen shall offer the burnt offering and the 20 ַה ִּמְז ֵּב ָחה ְו ִכ ֶּפר ָע ָליו ַה ּכ ֵֹהן ְו ָט ֵהר׃ meal offering on themizbayach , and the Kohen shall make expiation for him. Then he shall be clean. כא ְו ִא ַ ּם־דל ּהוא ְו ֵאין ָידוֹ ַמ ֶּשׂ ֶגת ְו ָל ַקח If, however, he is poor and his means are 21 ֶּכ ֶבשׂ ֶא ָחד ָאשׁ ָ ם ִל ְת ּנו ָפה ְל ַכ ֵּפר ָע ָליו insufficient, he shall take one male lamb for a guilt ְו ִע ָּשׂרוֹן ֶסֹלת ֶא ָחד ָּב ּלול ַּבשֶּׁ ֶמן ְל ִמ ְנ ָחה -offering, to be elevated in expiation for him, one ְולֹג שׁ ָ ֶמן׃ tenth of a measure of choice flour with oil mixed in for a meal offering, and alog of oil; כב ּושׁ ְ ֵּתי ִתֹרים אוֹ שׁ ְ ֵני ְּב ֵני ָיוֹנה ֲאשׁ ֶ ר and two turtledoves or two pigeons, depending on 22 ַּת ִּשׂיג ָידוֹ ְו ָהָיה ֶא ָחד ַח ָּטאת ְו ָה ֶא ָחד his means, the one to be the sin offering and the ָעֹלה׃ .other the burnt offering כג ְו ֵה ִביא ָאֹתם ַּב ּיוֹם ַהשְּׁ ִמ ִיני ְל ָט ֳהָרתוֹ On the eighth day of his cleansing he shall bring 23 ֶא ַל־ה ּכ ֵֹהן ֶא ֶּל־פ ַתח ֶאֹה ֵל־מוֹעד ִל ְפ ֵני them to the Kohen at the entrance of the Tent of ְי ָהֹוה׃ .Meeting, before Hashem כד ְו ָל ַקח ַה ּכ ֵֹהן ֶא ֶּת־כ ֶבשׂ ָה ָאשׁ ָ ם ְו ֶאת־לֹג TheKohen shall take the lamb of guilt offering 24 ַהשָּׁ ֶמן ְו ֵה ִניף ָאֹתם ַה ּכ ֵֹהן ְּת ּנו ָפה ִל ְפ ֵני and the log of oil, and elevate them as an elevation ְי ָהֹוה׃ . offering beforeHashem כה ְושׁ ָ ַחט ֶא ֶּת־כ ֶבשׂ ָה ָאשׁ ָ ם ְו ָל ַקח ַה ּכ ֵֹהן When the lamb of guilt offering has been 25 ִמ ַ ּדם ָה ָאשׁ ָ ם ְו ָנ ַתן ַע ְּל־ת ּנו ְך ֶאֹזן־ slaughtered, the Kohen shall take some of the blood ַה ִּמ ַּט ֵהר ַהְי ָמ ִנית ְו ַע ּל־ב ֶֹהן ָידוֹ ַהְי ָמ ִנית of the guilt offering and put it on the ridge of the ְו ַע ּל־ב ֶֹהן ַר ְגלוֹ ַהְי ָמ ִנית׃ right ear of the one being cleansed, on the thumb of his right hand, and on the big toe of his right foot. כו ּו ִמ ַן־השֶּׁ ֶמן ִיצֹק ַה ּכ ֵֹהן ַע ַּל־כף ַה ּכ ֵֹהן TheKohen shall then pour some of the oil into the 26 ַה ְּשׂ ָמ ִאלית׃ ,palm of his own left hand כז ְו ִהָ ּזה ַה ּכ ֵֹהן ְּב ֶא ְצ ָּבעוֹ ַהְי ָמ ִנית ִמ ַן־השֶּׁ ֶמן and with the finger of his right hand theKohen shall 27 ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ַע ַּל־כ ּפוֹ ַה ְּשׂ ָמ ִאלית שׁ ֶ ַבע ְּפ ָע ִמים sprinkle some of the oil that is in the palm of his left ִל ְפ ֵני ְי ָהֹוה׃ .hand seven times before Hashem כח ְו ָנ ַתן ַה ּכ ֵֹהן ִמ ַן־השֶּׁ ֶמן ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ַע ַּל־כ ּפוֹ Some of the oil in his palm shall be put by the 28 ַע ְּל־ת ּנו ְך ֶאֹזן ַה ִּמ ַּט ֵהר ַהְי ָמ ִנית ְו ַע ּל־ב ֶֹהן Kohen on the ridge of the right ear of the one being ָידוֹ ַהְי ָמ ִנית ְו ַע ּל־ב ֶֹהן ַר ְגלוֹ ַהְי ָמ ִנית ַעל־ cleansed, on the thumb of his right hand, and on ְמקוֹם ַ ּדם ָה ָאשׁ ָ ם׃ the big toe of his right foot, over the same places as the blood of the guilt offering; כט ְו ַה ָנּוֹתר ִמ ַן־השֶּׁ ֶמן ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ַע ַּל־כף ַה ּכ ֵֹהן and what is left of the oil in his palm theKohen shall 29 ִי ֵּתן ַעל־רֹאשׁ ַה ִּמ ַּט ֵהר ְל ַכ ֵּפר ָע ָליו ִל ְפ ֵני put on the head of the one being cleansed, to make ְי ָהֹוה׃ .expiation for him before Hashem

55 ויקרא די Vayikra/Leviticus 14 ערוצמ Metzora Leviticus ל ְו ָע ָשׂה ֶא ָת־ה ֶא ָחד ִמ ַן־ה ּתִֹרים אוֹ ִמן־ He shall then offer one of the turtledoves or 30 ְּב ֵני ַה ּי ָוֹנה ֵמ ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ַּת ִּשׂיג ָידוֹ׃ pigeons, depending on his means לא ֵאת ֲאשׁ ֶ ַּר־ת ִּשׂיג ָידוֹ ֶא ָת־ה ֶא ָחד ַח ָּטאת whichever he can afford—the one as a sin offering 31 ְו ֶא ָת־ה ֶא ָחד ָעֹלה ַע ַל־ה ִּמ ְנ ָחה ְו ִכ ֶּפר and the other as a burnt offering, together with the ַה ּכ ֵֹהן ַעל ַה ִּמ ַּט ֵהר ִל ְפ ֵני ְי ָהֹוה׃ meal offering. Thus theKohen shall make expiation before Hashem for the one being cleansed. לב זֹאת ּת ַוֹרת ֲאשׁ ֶ ּר־בוֹ ֶנ ַגע ָצָר ַעת ֲאשׁ ֶ ר Such is the ritual for him who has a scaly affection 32 ַלֹא־ת ִּשׂיג ָידוֹ ְּב ָט ֳהָרתוֹ׃ .and whose means for his cleansing are limited לג ַוְי ַד ֵּבר ְי ָהֹוה ֶאל־מֹשׁ ֶ ה ְו ֶא ַל־א ֲהרֹן :Hashem spoke to Moshe and Aharon, saying 33 ֵלאמֹר׃ לד ִּכי ָת ּבֹאו ֶא ֶל־אֶרץ ְּכ ַנ ַען ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ֲא ִני ֵנֹתן When you enter the land of Canaan that I give you 34 ָל ֶכם ַל ֲא ֻחָ ּזה ְו ָנ ַת ִּתי ֶנ ַגע ָצַר ַעת ְּב ֵבית as a possession, and I inflict an eruptive plague ֶאֶרץ ֲא ֻחַ ּז ְת ֶכם׃ ,upon a house in the land you possess KEE ta-VO-u el E-retz k’-NA-an a-SHER a-NEE no-TAYN la-KHEM la-a-khu- ZAH v’-na-ta-TEE NE-ga tza-RA-at b’-VAYT E-retz a-khu-zat-KHEM לה ּו ָבא ֲאשׁ ֶ ר־לוֹ ַה ַּבִית ְו ִה ִּגיד ַל ּכ ֵֹהן ֵלאמֹר the owner of the house shall come and tell the 35 ְּכ ֶנ ַגע ִנְר ָאה ִלי ַּב ָּבִית׃ Kohen, saying, “Something like a plague has appeared upon my house.” לו ְו ִצָּוה ַה ּכ ֵֹהן ּו ִפ ּנּו ֶא ַת־ה ַּבִית ְּב ֶטֶרם ָיבֹא TheKohen shall order the house cleared before the 36 ַה ּכ ֵֹהן ִלְראוֹת ֶא ַת־ה ֶנּ ַגע ְולֹא ִי ְט ָמא ָּכל־ Kohen enters to examine the plague, so that nothing ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ַּב ָּבִית ְו ַא ַחר ֵּכן ָיבֹא ַה ּכ ֵֹהן ִלְראוֹת in the house may become unclean; after that the ֶא ַת־ה ָּבִית׃ .Kohen shall enter to examine the house לז ְוָר ָאה ֶא ַת־ה ֶנּ ַגע ְו ִה ֵנּה ַה ֶנּ ַגע ְּב ִקירֹת If, when he examines the plague, the plague in the 37 ַה ַּבִית שׁ ְ ַק ֲע ּרורֹת ְיַר ְקַר ּקֹת אוֹ walls of the house is found to consist of greenish or ֲא ַד ְמ ַ ּד ּמֹת ּו ַמְר ֵא ֶיהן שׁ ָ ָפל ִמ ַן־ה ִּקיר׃ ,reddish streaks that appear to go deep into the wall לח ְוָי ָצא ַה ּכ ֵֹהן ִמ ַן־ה ַּבִית ֶא ֶּל־פ ַתח ַה ָּבִית the Kohen shall come out of the house to the 38 ְו ִה ְס ִּגיר ֶא ַת־ה ַּבִית שׁ ִ ְב ַעת ָי ִמים׃ entrance of the house, and close up the house for seven days.

14:34 When you enter the land of Canaan that I State of Israel internalized this message; it is often the give you as a possession In addition to the sin of first to volunteer its resources and knowledge to help lashon hara, speaking negatively about others, lacking countries in need. In his book Altneuland, Theodor Herzl generosity and being unwilling to give to other could wrote that following the establishment of a Jewish also cause tzaraat to appear on one’s home. The Kli Yakar national home, Jews would come to the aid of the points out that once they took possession of the land, suffering people in Africa, whose “problem, in all its the Israelites found many homes filled with riches. If they horror, only a Jew can fathom.” Israel’s founding leaders failed to share what they had, Hashem would afflict those took this admonition to heart and, in 1958, Golda Meir, Theodor Herzl (1860-1904) homes. Hashem bequeathed the Jewish people the Land then Israel’s Foreign Minister, created a department of Israel with the expectation that they would share its whose mission was to help Africa overcome problems bounty with others. From its inception, the contemporary of water, irrigation, agriculture and education.

56 ויקרא די Vayikra/Leviticus 14 ערוצמ Metzora Leviticus לט ְושׁ ָ ב ַה ּכ ֵֹהן ַּב ּיוֹם ַהשְּׁ ִב ִיעי ְוָר ָאה ְו ִה ֵנּה On the seventh day the Kohen shall return. If he 39 ָּפ ָשׂה ַה ֶנּ ַגע ְּב ִקירֹת ַה ָּבִית׃ sees that the plague has spread on the walls of the house, מ ְו ִצָּוה ַה ּכ ֵֹהן ְו ִח ְּל ּצו ֶא ָת־ה ֲא ָב ִנים ֲאשׁ ֶ ר the Kohen shall order the stones with the plague in 40 ָּב ֵהן ַה ָנּ ַגע ְו ִהשׁ ְ ִל ּיכו ֶא ְת ֶהן ֶא ִל־מ ּחוץ them to be pulled out and cast outside the city into ָל ִעיר ֶא ָל־מקוֹם ָט ֵמא׃ .an unclean place מא ְו ֶא ַת־ה ַּבִית ַי ְק ִצ ַע ִמ ַּבִית ָס ִביב ְושׁ ָ ְפ ּכו The house shall be scraped inside all around, and 41 ֶא ֶת־ה ָע ָפר ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ִה ְק ּצו ֶא ִל־מ ּחוץ ָל ִעיר the coating that is scraped off shall be dumped ֶא ָל־מקוֹם ָט ֵמא׃ .outside the city in an unclean place מב ְו ָל ְק ּחו ֲא ָב ִנים ֲא ֵחרוֹת ְו ֵה ִב ּיאו ֶאל־ They shall take other stones and replace those 42 ַּת ַחת ָה ֲא ָב ִנים ְו ָע ָפר ַא ֵחר ִי ַּקח ְו ָטח stones with them, and take other coating and ֶא ַת־ה ָּבִית׃ .plaster the house מג ְו ִא ָם־ישׁ ּוב ַה ֶנּ ַגע ּו ָפַרח ַּב ַּבִית ַא ַחר ִח ֵּלץ If the plague again breaks out in the house, after the 43 ֶא ָת־ה ֲא ָב ִנים ְו ַא ֲחֵרי ִה ְקצוֹת ֶא ַת־ה ַּבִית stones have been pulled out and after the house has ְו ַא ֲח ֵרי ִה ּטוֹ ַח׃ ,been scraped and replastered מד ּו ָבא ַה ּכ ֵֹהן ְוָר ָאה ְו ִה ֵנּה ָּפ ָשׂה ַה ֶנּ ַגע the Kohen shall come to examine: if the plague has 44 ַּב ָּבִית ָצַר ַעת ַמ ְמ ֶאֶרת ִהוא ַּב ַּבִית ָט ֵמא spread in the house, it is a malignant eruption in the ּהוא׃ .house; it is unclean

מה ְו ָנ ַתץ ֶא ַת־ה ַּבִית ֶא ֲת־א ָב ָניו ְו ֶא ֵת־ע ָציו The house shall be torn down—its stones and 45 ְו ֵאת ָּכ ֲל־ע ַפר ַה ָּבִית ְו ִהוֹציא ֶא ִל־מ ּחוץ timber and all the coating on the house—and taken ָל ִעיר ֶא ָל־מקוֹם ָט ֵמא׃ .to an unclean place outside the city מו ְו ַה ָּבא ֶא ַל־ה ַּבִית ָּכ ְל־י ֵמי ִה ְס ִּגיר אֹתוֹ Whoever enters the house while it is closed up shall 46 ִי ְט ָמא ַע ָד־ה ָעֶרב׃ .be unclean until evening מז ְו ַהשּׁ ֵֹכב ַּב ַּבִית ְי ַכ ֵּבס ֶא ְּת־ב ָג ָדיו ְו ָה ֵאֹכל ,Whoever sleeps in the house must wash his clothes 47 ַּב ַּבִית ְי ַכ ֵּבס ֶא ְּת־ב ָג ָדיו׃ and whoever eats in the house must wash his clothes. מח ְו ִא ּם־בֹא ָיבֹא ַה ּכ ֵֹהן ְוָר ָאה ְו ִה ֵנּה לֹא־ If, however, the Kohen comes and sees that the 48 ָפ ָשׂה ַה ֶנּ ַגע ַּב ַּבִית ַא ֲחֵרי ִה ּט ַֹח ֶאת־ plague has not spread in the house after the house ַה ָּבִית ְו ִט ַהר ַה ּכ ֵֹהן ֶא ַת־ה ַּבִית ִּכי ִנְר ָּפא was replastered, the Kohen shall pronounce the ַה ָנּ ַגע׃ .house clean, for the plague has healed מט ְו ָל ַקח ְל ַח ֵּטא ֶא ַת־ה ַּבִית שׁ ְ ֵּתי ִצ ֳּפִרים To purge the house, he shall take two birds, cedar 49 ְו ֵעץ ֶאֶרז ּושׁ ְ ִני ַתוֹל ַעת ְו ֵאזֹב׃ .wood, crimson stuff, and hyssop נ ְושׁ ָ ַחט ֶא ַת־ה ִּצ ּפֹר ָה ֶא ָחת ֶא ְּל־כ ִל ֶי־חֶרשׂ He shall slaughter the one bird over fresh water in 50 ַע ַל־מִים ַחִּיים׃ .an earthen vessel נא ְו ָל ַקח ֶא ֵת־ע ָץ־ה ֶאֶרז ְו ֶא ָת־ה ֵאזֹב ְו ֵאת He shall take the cedar wood, the hyssop, the 51 שׁ ְ ִני ַה ּת ַוֹל ַעת ְו ֵאת ַה ִּצ ּפֹר ַה ַחָּיה ְו ָט ַבל crimson stuff, and the live bird, and dip them in the ָאֹתם ְּב ַדם ַה ִּצ ּפֹר ַהשְּׁ ּחו ָטה ּו ַב ַּמִים ,blood of the slaughtered bird and the fresh water ַה ַחִּיים ְו ִהָ ּזה ֶא ַל־ה ַּבִית שׁ ֶ ַבע ְּפ ָע ִמים׃ .and sprinkle on the house seven times

57 ויקרא וט Vayikra/Leviticus 15 ערוצמ Metzora Leviticus נב ְו ִח ֵּטא ֶא ַת־ה ַּבִית ְּב ַדם ַה ִּצ ּפוֹר ּו ַב ַּמִים Having purged the house with the blood of the 52 ַה ַחִּיים ּו ַב ִּצ ּפֹר ַה ַחָּיה ּו ְב ֵעץ ָה ֶאֶרז ,bird, the fresh water, the live bird, the cedar wood ּו ָב ֵאזֹב ּו ִבשׁ ְ ִני ַה ּת ָוֹל ַעת׃ ,the hyssop, and the crimson stuff נג ְושׁ ִ ַּלח ֶא ַת־ה ִּצ ּפֹר ַה ַחָּיה ֶא ִל־מ ּחוץ he shall set the live bird free outside the city in the 53 ָל ִעיר ֶא ְּל־פ ֵני ַה ָּשׂ ֶדה ְו ִכ ֶּפר ַע ַל־ה ַּבִית open country. Thus he shall make expiation for the ְו ָט ֵהר׃ .house, and it shall be clean נד זֹאת ַה ּת ָוֹרה ְל ָכ ֶל־נ ַגע ַה ָּצַר ַעת ְו ַל ָנּ ֶתק׃ Such is the ritual for every eruptive affection—for 54 scalls, נה ּו ְל ָצַר ַעת ַה ֶּב ֶגד ְו ַל ָּבִית׃ ,for an eruption on a cloth or a house 55 נו ְו ַל ְשׂ ֵאת ְו ַל ַּס ַּפ ַחת ְו ַל ֶּב ָהֶרת׃ for swellings, for rashes, or for discolorations 56 נז ְלהוֹרֹת ְּביוֹם ַה ָּט ֵמא ּו ְביוֹם ַה ָּטהֹר זֹאת to determine when they are unclean and when they 57 ּת ַוֹרת ַה ָּצָר ַעת׃ .are clean. Such is the ritual concerning eruptions א ַוְי ַד ֵּבר ְי ָהֹוה ֶאל־מֹשׁ ֶ ה ְו ֶא ַל־א ֲהרֹן :Hashem spoke to Moshe and Aharon, saying 1 טו ֵלאמֹר׃ 15 ב ַ ּד ְּב ּרו ֶא ְּל־ב ֵני ִי ְשׂ ָר ֵאל ַו ֲא ַמְר ֶּתם ֲא ֵל ֶהם Speak to B’nei Yisrael and say to them: When any 2 ִאישׁ ִאישׁ ִּכי ִי ְהֶיה ָזב ִמ ְּב ָשׂרוֹ זוֹבוֹ man has a discharge issuing from his member, he is ָט ֵמא ּהוא׃ .unclean ג ְוזֹאת ִּת ְהֶיה ֻט ְמ ָאתוֹ ְּבזוֹבוֹ ָרר ְּב ָשׂרוֹ The uncleanness from his discharge shall mean 3 ֶאת־זוֹבוֹ ֶאוֹ־ה ְח ִּתים ְּב ָשׂרוֹ ִמ ּזוֹבוֹ the following—whether his member runs with ֻט ְמ ָאתוֹ ִהוא׃ the discharge or is stopped up so that there is no discharge, his uncleanness means this: ד ָּכ ַל־ה ִּמשׁ ְ ָּכב ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ִישׁ ְ ַּכב ָע ָליו ַהָ ּזב Any bedding on which the one with the discharge 4 ִי ְט ָמא ְו ָכ ַל־ה ְּכ ִלי ֲאשׁ ֶ ֵר־ישׁ ֵ ב ָע ָליו lies shall be unclean, and every object on which he ִי ְט ָמא׃ .sits shall be unclean ה ְו ִאישׁ ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ִי ַּגע ְּב ִמשׁ ְ ָּכבוֹ ְי ַכ ֵּבס ְּב ָג ָדיו Anyone who touches his bedding shall wash his 5 ְוָר ַחץ ַּב ַּמִים ְו ָט ֵמא ַע ָד־ה ָעֶרב׃ clothes, bathe in water, and remain unclean until evening. ו ְו ַה ּיֹשׁ ֵ ב ַע ַל־ה ְּכ ִלי ֲאשׁ ֶ ֵר־ישׁ ֵ ב ָע ָליו ַהָ ּזב Whoever sits on an object on which the one with 6 ְי ַכ ֵּבס ְּב ָג ָדיו ְוָר ַחץ ַּב ַּמִים ְו ָט ֵמא ַעד־ the discharge has sat shall wash his clothes, bathe in ָה ָעֶרב׃ .water, and remain unclean until evening ז ְו ַה ֵנֹּג ַע ִּב ְב ַשׂר ַהָ ּזב ְי ַכ ֵּבס ְּב ָג ָדיו ְוָר ַחץ Whoever touches the body of the one with the 7 ַּב ַּמִים ְו ָט ֵמא ַע ָד־ה ָעֶרב׃ discharge shall wash his clothes, bathe in water, and remain unclean until evening. ח ְו ִכ ָי־ירֹק ַהָ ּזב ַּב ָּטהוֹר ְו ִכ ֶּבס ְּב ָג ָדיו ְוָר ַחץ ,If one with a discharge spits on one who is clean 8 ַּב ַּמִים ְו ָט ֵמא ַע ָד־ה ָעֶרב׃ the latter shall wash his clothes, bathe in water, and remain unclean until evening. ט ְו ָכ ַל־ה ֶּמְר ָּכב ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ִיְר ַּכב ָע ָליו ַהָ ּזב Any means for riding that one with a discharge has 9 ִי ְט ָמא׃ ;mounted shall be unclean י ְו ָכ ַל־ה ֵנֹּג ַע ְּבכֹל ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ִי ְהֶיה ַת ְח ָּתיו whoever touches anything that was under him shall 10 ִי ְט ָמא ַע ָד־ה ָעֶרב ְו ַה ֵנּוֹשׂא ָאוֹתם ְי ַכ ֵּבס be unclean until evening; and whoever carries such ְּב ָג ָדיו ְוָר ַחץ ַּב ַּמִים ְו ָט ֵמא ַע ָד־ה ָעֶרב׃ things shall wash his clothes, bathe in water, and remain unclean until evening. 58 ויקרא וט Vayikra/Leviticus 15 ערוצמ Metzora Leviticus יא ְוכֹל ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ִי ַּג ּע־בוֹ ַהָ ּזב ְוָי ָדיו לֹא־שׁ ָ ַטף If one with a discharge, without having rinsed his 11 ַּב ָּמִים ְו ִכ ֶּבס ְּב ָג ָדיו ְוָר ַחץ ַּב ַּמִים ְו ָט ֵמא hands in water, touches another person, that person ַע ָד־ה ָעֶרב׃ shall wash his clothes, bathe in water, and remain unclean until evening. יב ּו ְכ ִל ֶי־חֶרשׂ ֲאשׁ ֶ ִר־י ַּג ּע־בוֹ ַהָ ּזב ִישָּׁ ֵבר An earthen vessel that one with a discharge touches 12 ְו ָכ ְּל־כ ִל ֵי־עץ ִישָּׁ ֵטף ַּב ָּמִים׃ shall be broken; and any wooden implement shall be rinsed with water. יג ְו ִכ ִי־י ְט ַהר ַהָ ּזב ִמ ּזוֹבוֹ ְו ָס ַפר לוֹ שׁ ִ ְב ַעת When one with a discharge becomes clean of his 13 ָי ִמים ְל ָט ֳהָרתוֹ ְו ִכ ֶּבס ְּב ָג ָדיו ְוָר ַחץ discharge, he shall count off seven days for his ְּב ָשׂרוֹ ְּב ַמִים ַחִּיים ְו ָט ֵהר׃ cleansing, wash his clothes, and bathe his body in fresh water; then he shall be clean. v’-khee yit-HAR ha-ZAV mi-zo-VO v’-SA-far LO shiv-AT ya-MEEM l’-ta-ho-ra-TO v’-khi-BES b’-ga-DAV v’-ra-KHATZ b’-sa-RO b’-MA-yim kha-YEEM v’-ta-HAYR יד ּו ַב ּיוֹם ַהשְּׁ ִמ ִיני ִי ַּקח־לוֹ שׁ ְ ֵּתי ִתֹרים אוֹ On the eighth day he shall take two turtledoves 14 שׁ ְ ֵני ְּב ֵני ָיוֹנה ּו ָבא ִל ְפ ֵני ְי ָהֹוה ֶא ֶּל־פ ַתח or two pigeons and come before Hashem at the ֶאֹהל ֵמוֹעד ּו ְנ ָת ָנם ֶא ַל־ה ּכ ֵֹהן׃ entrance of the Tent of Meeting and give them to the Kohen. טו ְו ָע ָשׂה ָאֹתם ַה ּכ ֵֹהן ֶא ָחד ַח ָּטאת ְו ָה ֶא ָחד TheKohen shall offer them, the one as a sin offering 15 ָעֹלה ְו ִכ ֶּפר ָע ָליו ַה ּכ ֵֹהן ִל ְפ ֵני ְי ָהֹוה and the other as a burnt offering. Thus theKohen ִמ ּזוֹ בוֹ ׃ ,shall make expiation on his behalf, for his discharge before Hashem. טז ְו ִאישׁ ִּכ ֵי־ת ֵצא ִמ ֶּמ ּנּו שׁ ִ ְכ ַב ָת־זַרע ְוָר ַחץ When a man has an emission of semen, he shall 16 ַּב ַּמִים ֶא ָּת־כ ְּל־ב ָשׂרוֹ ְו ָט ֵמא ַע ָד־ה ָעֶרב׃ bathe his whole body in water and remain unclean until evening. יז ְו ָכ ֶּל־ב ֶגד ְו ָכל־עוֹר ֲאשׁ ֶ ִר־י ְהֶיה ָע ָליו All cloth or leather on which semen falls shall be 17 שׁ ִ ְכ ַב ָת־זַרע ְו ֻכ ַּבס ַּב ַּמִים ְו ָט ֵמא ַעד־ .washed in water and remain unclean until evening ָה ָעֶרב׃ יח ְו ִאשָּׁ ה ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ִישׁ ְ ַּכב ִאישׁ ָאֹת ּה שׁ ִ ְכ ַבת־ ,And if a man has carnal relations with a woman 18 ָזַרע ְוָר ֲח ּצו ַב ַּמִים ְו ָט ְמ ּאו ַע ָד־ה ָעֶרב׃ they shall bathe in water and remain unclean until evening. יט ְו ִאשָּׁ ה ִּכ ִי־ת ְהֶיה ָז ָבה ָ ּדם ִי ְהֶיה ָזֹב ּה When a woman has a discharge, her discharge 19 ִּב ְב ָשׂ ָר ּה שׁ ִ ְב ַעת ָי ִמים ִּת ְהֶיה ְב ִנ ָ ּד ָת ּה being blood from her body, she shall remain in her ְו ָכ ַל־ה ֵנֹּג ַע ָּב ּה ִי ְט ָמא ַע ָד־ה ָעֶרב׃ impurity seven days; whoever touches her shall be unclean until evening.

15:13 And bathe his body in fresh water Chapter 15 which this elevation occurs. Water is the source of life, discusses the different kinds of impurity that occur and so it is appropriate to immerse in it during the as a result of certain types of bodily discharges. As process of spiritual rebirth and renewal. In addition, part of the purification process, the person who has the fluid nature of water symbolizes that as spiritual become impure must immerse in a ritual bath. This beings, we are never fixed in one place. In life we have immersion signifies an elevation in spiritual status, and ups and downs, but there is always the potential for Ancient ritual bath it is no coincidence that water is the means through further growth. found in Qumran

59 ויקרא וט Vayikra/Leviticus 15 ערוצמ Metzora Leviticus כ ְוכֹל ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ִּתשׁ ְ ַּכב ָע ָליו ְּב ִנ ָ ּד ָת ּה ִי ְט ָמא Anything that she lies on during her impurity shall 20 ְוכֹל ֲאשׁ ֶ ֵּר־תשׁ ֵ ב ָע ָליו ִי ְט ָמא׃ be unclean; and anything that she sits on shall be unclean. כא ְו ָכ ַל־ה ֵנֹּג ַע ְּב ִמשׁ ְ ָּכ ָב ּה ְי ַכ ֵּבס ְּב ָג ָדיו ְוָר ַחץ Anyone who touches her bedding shall wash his 21 ַּב ַּמִים ְו ָט ֵמא ַע ָד־ה ָעֶרב׃ clothes, bathe in water, and remain unclean until evening; כב ְו ָכ ַל־ה ֵנֹּג ַע ְּב ָכ ְּל־כ ִלי ֲאשׁ ֶ ֵּר־תשׁ ֵ ב ָע ָליו and anyone who touches any object on which she 22 ְי ַכ ֵּבס ְּב ָג ָדיו ְוָר ַחץ ַּב ַּמִים ְו ָט ֵמא ַעד־ has sat shall wash his clothes, bathe in water, and ָה ָעֶרב׃ .remain unclean until evening כג ְו ִאם ַע ַל־ה ִּמשׁ ְ ָּכב ּהוא אוֹ ַע ַל־ה ְּכ ִלי Be it the bedding or be it the object on which she 23 ֲאשׁ ֶ ִר־הוא יֹשׁ ֶ ֶב ָת־ע ָליו ְּב ָנ ְגעוֹ־בוֹ ִי ְט ָמא has sat, on touching it he shall be unclean until ַע ָד־ה ָעֶרב׃ .evening כד ְו ִאם שׁ ָ כֹב ִישׁ ְ ַּכב ִאישׁ ָאֹת ּה ּו ְת ִהי And if a man lies with her, her impurity is 24 ִנ ָ ּד ָת ּה ָע ָליו ְו ָט ֵמא שׁ ִ ְב ַעת ָי ִמים ְו ָכל־ communicated to him; he shall be unclean seven ַה ִּמשׁ ְ ָּכב ֲאשׁ ֶ ִר־ישׁ ְ ַּכב ָע ָליו ִי ְט ָמא׃ days, and any bedding on which he lies shall become unclean. כה ְו ִאשָּׁ ה ִּכ ָי־י ּזוב זוֹב ָ ּד ָמ ּה ָי ִמים ַר ִּבים When a woman has had a discharge of blood for 25 ְּבלֹא ֶע ִת־נ ָ ּד ָת ּה אוֹ ִכ ָי־ת ּזוב ַע ִל־נ ָ ּד ָת ּה many days, not at the time of her impurity, or when ָּכ ְל־י ֵמי זוֹב ֻט ְמ ָא ָת ּה ִּכ ֵימי ִנ ָ ּד ָת ּה ִּת ְהֶיה ,she has a discharge beyond her period of impurity ְט ֵמ ָאה ִהוא׃ she shall be unclean, as though at the time of her impurity, as long as her discharge lasts. כו ָּכ ַל־ה ִּמשׁ ְ ָּכב ֲאשׁ ֶ ִּר־תשׁ ְ ַּכב ָע ָליו ָּכל־ Any bedding on which she lies while her discharge 26 ְי ֵמי ָזוֹב ּה ְּכ ִמשׁ ְ ַּכב ִנ ָ ּד ָת ּה ִי ְהֶי ָּה־ל ּה lasts shall be for her like bedding during her ְו ָכ ַל־ה ְּכ ִלי ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ֵּתשׁ ֵ ב ָע ָליו ָט ֵמא ִי ְהֶיה impurity; and any object on which she sits shall ְּכ ֻט ְמ ַאת ִנ ָ ּד ָת ּה׃ :become unclean, as it does during her impurity כז ְו ָכ ַל־ה ֵנּוֹג ַע ָּבם ִי ְט ָמא ְו ִכ ֶּבס ְּב ָג ָדיו ְוָר ַחץ whoever touches them shall be unclean; he shall 27 ַּב ַּמִים ְו ָט ֵמא ַע ָד־ה ָעֶרב׃ wash his clothes, bathe in water, and remain unclean until evening. כח ְו ִא ָם־ט ֲהָרה ִמ ּז ָוֹב ּה ְו ָס ְפָרה ָּל ּה שׁ ִ ְב ַעת When she becomes clean of her discharge, she shall 28 ָי ִמים ְו ַא ַחר ִּת ְט ָהר׃ .count off seven days, and after that she shall be clean כט ּו ַב ּיוֹם ַהשְּׁ ִמ ִיני ִּת ַּק ָח־ל ּה שׁ ְ ֵּתי ִתֹרים אוֹ On the eighth day she shall take two turtledoves 29 שׁ ְ ֵני ְּב ֵני ָיוֹנה ְו ֵה ִב ָיאה ָאוֹתם ֶא ַל־ה ּכ ֵֹהן or two pigeons, and bring them to the Kohen at the ֶא ֶּל־פ ַתח ֶאֹהל ֵמוֹעד׃ .entrance of the Tent of Meeting ל ְו ָע ָשׂה ַה ּכ ֵֹהן ֶא ָת־ה ֶא ָחד ַח ָּטאת ְו ֶאת־ TheKohen shall offer the one as a sin offering and 30 ָה ֶא ָחד ָעֹלה ְו ִכ ֶּפר ָע ֶל ָיה ַה ּכ ֵֹהן ִל ְפ ֵני the other as a burnt offering; and theKohen shall ְי ָהֹוה ִמ ּזוֹב ֻט ְמ ָא ָת ּה׃ make expiation on her behalf, for her unclean discharge, before Hashem. לא ְו ִהַ ּזְר ֶּתם ֶא ְּת־ב ֵנ ִי־י ְשׂ ָר ֵאל ִמ ֻּט ְמ ָא ָתם You shall put the Israelites on guard against 31 ְולֹא ָי ֻמ ּתו ְּב ֻט ְמ ָא ָתם ְּב ַט ְּמ ָאם ֶאת־ their uncleanness, lest they die through their ִמשׁ ְ ָּכ ִני ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ְּב ָתוֹכם׃ uncleanness by defiling MyMishkan which is among them. v’-hiz-har-TEM et b’-nay yis-ra-AYL mi-tum-a-TAM v’-LO ya-MU-tu b’-tum-a- TAM b’-ta-m’-AM et mish-ka-NEE a-SHER b’-to-KHAM

60 ויקרא זט Vayikra/Leviticus 16 תומ ירחא Acharei Mot Leviticus לב זֹאת ּת ַוֹרת ַהָ ּזב ַו ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ֵּת ֵצא ִמ ֶּמ ּנּו Such is the ritual concerning him who has a 32 שׁ ִ ְכ ַב ֶת־זַרע ְל ָט ְמ ָא ָה־ב ּה׃ discharge: concerning him who has an emission of semen and becomes unclean thereby, לג ְו ַה ָ ּדָוה ְּב ִנ ָ ּד ָת ּה ְו ַהָ ּזב ֶאת־זוֹבוֹ ַלָ ּז ָכר ,and concerning her who is in menstrual infirmity 33 ְו ַל ְנּ ֵק ָבה ּו ְל ִאישׁ ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ִישׁ ְ ַּכב ִעם־ and concerning anyone, male or female, who has a ְט ֵמ ָאה׃ Acharei Mot discharge, and concerning a man who lies with an unclean woman. אא ַוְי ַד ֵּבר ְי ָהֹוה ֶאל־מֹשׁ ֶ ה ַא ֲחֵרי מוֹת שׁ ְ ֵני Hashem spoke to Moshe after the death of the two 1 טז ְּב ֵני ַא ֲהרֹן ְּב ָקְר ָב ָתם ִל ְפ ֵנ ְי־י ָהֹוה ַוָּי ֻמ ּתו׃ sons of Aharon who died when they drew too close 16 to the presence of Hashem. אחרי מות ב ַו ּי ֶֹאמר ְי ָהֹוה ֶאל־מֹשׁ ֶ ה ַ ּד ֵּבר ֶא ַל־א ֲהרֹן Hashem said to Moshe: Tell your brother Aharon 2 ָא ִח ָיך ְו ַא ָל־יבֹא ְב ָכ ֵל־עת ֶא ַל־ה ּק ֶֹדשׁ that he is not to come at will into the Shrine ִמ ֵּבית ַל ָּפ ֶרֹכת ֶא ְּל־פ ֵני ַה ַּכ ּפֶֹרת ֲאשׁ ֶ ר behind the curtain, in front of the cover that is ַע ָל־ה ָארֹן ְולֹא ָי ּמות ִּכי ֶּב ָע ָנן ֵאָר ֶאה upon the ark, lest he die; for I appear in the cloud ַע ַל־ה ַּכ ּפֶֹרת׃ .over the cover va-YO-mer a-do-NAI el mo-SHEH da-BAYR el a-ha-RON a-KHEE-kha v’-al ya-VO v-khol AYT el ha-KO-desh mi-BAYT la-pa-RO-khet el p’-NAY ha-ka-PO-ret a-SHER al ha-a-RON v’-LO ya-MUT kee be-a-NAN ay-ra-EH al ha-ka-PO-ret ג ְּבזֹאת ָיבֹא ַא ֲהרֹן ֶא ַל־ה ּק ֶֹדשׁ ְּב ַפר ֶּבן־ Thus only shallAharon enter the Shrine: with a bull 3 ָּב ָקר ְל ַח ָּטאת ְו ַאִיל ְל ָעֹלה׃ of the herd for a sin offering and a ram for a burnt offering. ד ְּכ ֶתֹנ ַּת־בד ֶקֹדשׁ ִי ְל ָּבשׁ ּו ִמ ְכ ְנ ֵס ַי־בד ִי ְה ּיו He shall be dressed in a sacral linen tunic, with 4 ַע ְּל־ב ָשׂרוֹ ּו ְב ַא ְב ֵנט ַּבד ַי ְח ּגֹר ּו ְב ִמ ְצ ֶנ ֶפת linen breeches next to his flesh, and be girt with a ַּבד ִי ְצנֹף ִּב ְג ֵד ֶי־קֹדשׁ ֵהם ְוָר ַחץ ַּב ַּמִים linen sash, and he shall wear a linen turban. They ֶא ְּת־ב ָשׂרוֹ ּו ְל ֵבשׁ ָ ם׃ are sacral vestments; he shall bathe his body in water and then put them on. k’-to-net BAD KO-desh yil-BASH u-mikh-n’-say VAD yih-YU al b’-sa-RO uv-av- NAYT BAD yakh-GOR u-v’-mitz-NE-fet BAD yitz-NOF big-day KO-desh HAYM v’-ra-KHATZ ba-MA-yim et b’-sa-RO ul-vay-SHAM

16:2 He is not to come at will into the Shrine Temple Mount; Jews are not even allowed to utter behind the curtain The service detailed in this words of prayer at this holy site. We pray for the day chapter is performed by the Kohen Gadol, ‘high priest,’ when this holy mountain is restored to its vital role as in the Holy of Holies on Yom Kippur, the ‘Day of a place of prayer for all nations. Atonement.’ This unique service represents a pinnacle of holiness, as it brings the holiest person to the holiest 16:4 He shall be dressed in a sacral linen tunic On a place on the holiest day of the year. Tradition tells us regular day the Kohen Gadol wears eight garments, four that the world was created from the stone that stands of which are decorated with gold. However, when he at the location of the Holy of Holies on the Temple enters the Holy of Holies on Yom Kippur he wears only Mount. When the Kohen Gadol enters this same spot, four white linen garments. The simplicity of his attire Ariel view of the he atones for the sins of mankind beginning with the portrays feelings of humility as he approaches Hashem Temple Mount time of Adam and the creation of the world. Adam on the holiest day of the year, and the white color is himself was formed from the earth at the spot of the symbolic of forgiveness. As the Kohen Gadol stands mizbayach, close to the area of the Holy of Holies. To before God and begs forgiveness for himself, his family, this day, people from all over the world are drawn to and the entire nation, his clothing reminds him that he the Temple Mount, the place from which all of mankind is at the mercy of God’s benevolence, yet also instills originated. Yet, on account of political pressures, confidence that God, in His compassion, will forgive currently only Muslims are granted full access to the His people.

61 ויקרא זט Vayikra/Leviticus 16 תומ ירחא Acharei Mot Leviticus ה ּו ֵמ ֵאת ֲע ַדת ְּב ֵני ִי ְשׂ ָר ֵאל ִי ַּקח שׁ ְ ֵני־ And from the Israelite community he shall take 5 ְשׂ ִע ֵירי ִעִ ּזים ְל ַח ָּטאת ְו ַאִיל ֶא ָחד two he-goats for a sin offering and a ram for a burnt ְל ָעֹלה׃ .offering

ו ְו ִה ְקִריב ַא ֲהרֹן ֶא ַּת־פר ַה ַח ָּטאת ֲאשׁ ֶ ר־ Aharon is to offer his own bull of sin offering, to 6 לוֹ ְו ִכ ֶּפר ַּב ֲעדוֹ ּו ְב ַעד ֵּביתוֹ׃ .make expiation for himself and for his household

ז ְו ָל ַקח ֶאת־שׁ ְ ֵני ַה ְּשׂ ִע ִירם ְו ֶה ֱע ִמיד ָאֹתם Aharon* shall take the two he-goats and let them 7 ִל ְפ ֵני ְי ָהֹוה ֶּפ ַתח ֶאֹהל ֵמוֹעד׃ stand before Hashem at the entrance of the Tent of Meeting; ח ְו ָנ ַתן ַא ֲהרֹן ַעל־שׁ ְ ֵני ַה ְּשׂ ִע ִירם ּג ָוֹרלוֹת and he shall place lots upon the two goats, one 8 ּג ָוֹרל ֶא ָחד ַל ָיהֹוה ְו ָגוֹרל ֶא ָחד ַל ֲעָז ֵאזל׃ marked for Hashem and the other marked for Azazel. ט ְו ִה ְקִריב ַא ֲהרֹן ֶא ַת־ה ָּשׂ ִעיר ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ָע ָלה Aharon shall bring forward the goat designated by 9 ָע ָליו ַה ּג ָוֹרל ַל ָיהֹוה ְו ָע ָשׂ ּהו ַח ָּטאת׃ ;lot for Hashem, which he is to offer as a sin offering

י ְו ַה ָּשׂ ִעיר ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ָע ָלה ָע ָליו ַה ּג ָוֹרל while the goat designated by lot for Azazel shall be 10 ַל ֲעָז ֵאזל ָי ֳע ַמ ַד־חי ִל ְפ ֵני ְי ָהֹוה ְל ַכ ֵּפר left standing alive beforeHashem , to make expiation ָע ָליו ְלשׁ ַ ַּלח אֹתוֹ ַל ֲעָז ֵאזל ַה ִּמ ְד ָּבָרה׃ with it and to send it off to the wilderness for Azazel. יא ְו ִה ְקִריב ַא ֲהרֹן ֶא ַּת־פר ַה ַח ָּטאת ֲאשׁ ֶ ר־ Aharon shall then offer his bull of sin offering, to 11 לוֹ ְו ִכ ֶּפר ַּב ֲעדוֹ ּו ְב ַעד ֵּביתוֹ ְושׁ ָ ַחט ֶאת־ make expiation for himself and his household. He ַּפר ַה ַח ָּטאת ֲאשׁ ֶ ר־לוֹ׃ ,shall slaughter his bull of sin offering

יב ְו ָל ַקח ְמ ַלֹא־ה ַּמ ְח ָּתה ַּג ֲח ֵל ֵי־אשׁ ֵמ ַעל and he shall take a panful of glowing coals scooped 12 ַה ִּמְז ֵּב ַח ִמ ִּל ְפ ֵני ְי ָהֹוה ּו ְמלֹא ָח ְפ ָניו from the mizbayach before Hashem, and two ְק ֶטֹרת ַס ִּמים ַ ּד ָּקה ְו ֵה ִביא ִמ ֵּבית handfuls of finely ground aromatic incense, and ַל ָּפ ֶרֹכת׃ .bring this behind the curtain

יג ְו ָנ ַתן ֶא ַת־ה ְּק ֶטֹרת ַע ָל־ה ֵאשׁ ִל ְפ ֵני ְי ָהֹוה , He shall put the incense on the fire beforeHashem 13 ְו ִכ ָּסה ֲע ַנן ַה ְּק ֶטֹרת ֶא ַת־ה ַּכ ּפֶֹרת ֲאשׁ ֶ ר so that the cloud from the incense screens the cover ַע ָל־ה ֵע ּדות ְולֹא ָי ּמות׃ .that is over [the Aron of] the Pact, lest he die

יד ְו ָל ַקח ִמ ַ ּדם ַה ָּפר ְו ִהָ ּזה ְב ֶא ְצ ָּבעוֹ ַעל־ He shall take some of the blood of the bull and 14 ְּפ ֵני ַה ַּכ ּפֶֹרת ֵק ְד ָמה ְו ִל ְפ ֵני ַה ַּכ ּפֶֹרת ַיֶ ּזה sprinkle it with his finger over the cover on the שׁ ֶ ַב ְּע־פ ָע ִמים ִמ ַן־ה ָ ּדם ְּב ֶא ְצ ָּבעוֹ׃ east side; and in front of the cover he shall sprinkle some of the blood with his finger seven times. טו ְושׁ ָ ַחט ֶא ְת־שׂ ִעיר ַה ַח ָּטאת ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ָל ָעם He shall then slaughter the people’s goat of sin 15 ְו ֵה ִביא ֶא ָ ּת־דמוֹ ֶא ִל־מ ֵּבית ַל ָּפ ֶרֹכת offering, bring its blood behind the curtain, and do ְו ָע ָשׂה ֶא ָ ּת־דמוֹ ַּכ ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ָע ָשׂה ְל ַדם ַה ָּפר with its blood as he has done with the blood of the ְו ִהָ ּזה אֹתוֹ ַע ַל־ה ַּכ ּפֶֹרת ְו ִל ְפ ֵני ַה ַּכ ּפֶֹרת׃ bull: he shall sprinkle it over the cover and in front of the cover.

* “Aharon” moved up from v. 8 for clarity

62 ויקרא זט Vayikra/Leviticus 16 תומ ירחא Acharei Mot Leviticus טז ְו ִכ ֶּפר ַע ַל־ה ּק ֶֹדשׁ ִמ ֻּט ְמאֹת ְּב ֵני ִי ְשׂ ָר ֵאל Thus he shall purge the Shrine of the uncleanness 16 ּו ִמ ִּפשׁ ְ ֵע ֶיהם ְל ָכ ַל־ח ּט ָֹאתם ְו ֵכן ַי ֲע ֶשׂה and transgression of the Israelites, whatever their ְל ֶאֹהל ֵמוֹעד ַהשּׁ ֵֹכן ִא ָּתם ְּב ְתוֹך sins; and he shall do the same for the Tent of ֻט ְמ ָאֹתם׃ Meeting, which abides with them in the midst of their uncleanness. יז ְו ָכ ָל־א ָדם ִלֹא־י ְהֶיה ְּב ֶאֹהל ֵמוֹעד ְּבבֹאוֹ ,When he goes in to make expiation in the Shrine 17 ְל ַכ ֵּפר ַּב ּק ֶֹדשׁ ַע ֵד־צאתוֹ ְו ִכ ֶּפר ַּב ֲעדוֹ nobody else shall be in the Tent of Meeting until he ּו ְב ַעד ֵּביתוֹ ּו ְב ַעד ָּכ ְל־ק ַהל ִי ְשׂ ָר ֵאל׃ comes out. When he has made expiation for himself and his household, and for the whole congregation of Yisrael, יח ְוָי ָצא ֶא ַל־ה ִּמְז ֵּב ַח ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ִל ְפ ֵנ ְי־י ָהֹוה he shall go out to the mizbayach that is before 18 ְו ִכ ֶּפר ָע ָליו ְו ָל ַקח ִמ ַ ּדם ַה ָּפר ּו ִמ ַ ּדם Hashem and purge it: he shall take some of the ַה ָּשׂ ִעיר ְו ָנ ַתן ַע ַל־קְרנוֹת ַה ִּמְז ֵּב ַח ָס ִביב׃ blood of the bull and of the goat and apply it to each of the horns of the mizbayach; יט ְו ִהָ ּזה ָע ָליו ִמ ַן־ה ָ ּדם ְּב ֶא ְצ ָּבעוֹ שׁ ֶ ַבע and the rest of the blood he shall sprinkle on it with 19 ְּפ ָע ִמים ְו ִט ֲהרוֹ ְו ִק ְ ּדשׁ וֹ ִמ ֻּט ְמאֹת ְּב ֵני his finger seven times. Thus he shall cleanse it of the ִי ְשׂ ָר ֵאל׃ .uncleanness of the Israelites and consecrate it כ ְו ִכ ָּלה ִמ ַּכ ֵּפר ֶא ַת־ה ּק ֶֹדשׁ ְו ֶא ֶת־אֹהל When he has finished purging the Shrine, the Tent 20 ֵמוֹעד ְו ֶא ַת־ה ִּמְז ֵּב ַח ְו ִה ְקִריב ֶאת־ of Meeting, and the mizbayach, the live goat shall be ַה ָּשׂ ִעיר ֶה ָחי׃ .brought forward כא ְו ָס ַמ ְך ַא ֲהרֹן ֶאת־שׁ ְ ֵּתי ידו ָ]י ָדיו[ ַעל Aharon shall lay both his hands upon the head of 21 רֹאשׁ ַה ָּשׂ ִעיר ַה ַחי ְו ִה ְתַו ָ ּדה ָע ָליו the live goat and confess over it all the iniquities ֶא ָּת־כ ֲל־עוׂנֹת ְּב ֵני ִי ְשׂ ָר ֵאל ְו ֶא ָּת־כל־ and transgressions of the Israelites, whatever their ִּפשׁ ְ ֵע ֶיהם ְל ָכ ַל־ח ּט ָֹאתם ְו ָנ ַתן ָאֹתם sins, putting them on the head of the goat; and ַעל־רֹאשׁ ַה ָּשׂ ִעיר ְושׁ ִ ַּלח ְּבַי ִד־אישׁ ִע ִּתי it shall be sent off to the wilderness through a ַה ִּמ ְד ָּבָרה׃ .designated man

כב ְו ָנ ָשׂא ַה ָּשׂ ִעיר ָע ָליו ֶא ָּת־כ ֲל־ע ָוׂנֹתם Thus the goat shall carry on it all their iniquities to 22 ֶא ֶל־אֶרץ ְּגֵזָרה ְושׁ ִ ַּלח ֶא ַת־ה ָּשׂ ִעיר an inaccessible region; and the goat shall be set free ַּב ִּמ ְד ָּבר׃ .in the wilderness

כג ּו ָבא ַא ֲהרֹן ֶא ֶל־אֹהל ֵמוֹעד ּו ָפשׁ ַ ט ֶאת־ And Aharon shall go into the Tent of Meeting, take 23 ִּב ְג ֵדי ַה ָּבד ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ָל ַבשׁ ְּבבֹאוֹ ֶא ַל־ה ּק ֶֹדשׁ off the linen vestments that he put on when he ְו ִה ִנּ ָיחם שׁ ָ ם׃ .entered the Shrine, and leave them there כד ְוָר ַחץ ֶא ְּת־ב ָשׂרוֹ ַב ַּמִים ְּב ָמקוֹם ָקדוֹשׁ He shall bathe his body in water in the holy precinct 24 ְו ָל ַבשׁ ֶא ְּת־ב ָג ָדיו ְוָי ָצא ְו ָע ָשׂה ֶאת־ and put on his vestments; then he shall come out ָעֹלתוֹ ְו ֶא ַת־עֹלת ָה ָעם ְו ִכ ֶּפר ַּב ֲעדוֹ and offer his burnt offering and the burnt offering ּו ְב ַעד ָה ָעם׃ of the people, making expiation for himself and for the people. כה ְו ֵאת ֵח ֶלב ַה ַח ָּטאת ַי ְק ִטיר ַה ִּמְז ֵּב ָחה׃ The fat of the sin offering he shall turn into smoke 25 on the mizbayach.

63 ויקרא זי Vayikra/Leviticus 17 תומ ירחא Acharei Mot Leviticus כו ְו ַה ְמשׁ ַ ֵּל ַח ֶא ַת־ה ָּשׂ ִעיר ַל ֲעָז ֵאזל ְי ַכ ֵּבס He who set the Azazel-goat free shall wash his 26 ְּב ָג ָדיו ְוָר ַחץ ֶא ְּת־ב ָשׂרוֹ ַּב ָּמִים ְו ַא ֲחֵר ֵי־כן clothes and bathe his body in water; after that he ָיבוֹא ֶא ַל־ה ַּמ ֲח ֶנה׃ .may reenter the camp כז ְו ֵאת ַּפר ַה ַח ָּטאת ְו ֵאת ְשׂ ִעיר ַה ַח ָּטאת The bull of sin offering and the goat of sin offering 27 ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ּהו ָבא ֶא ָ ּת־ד ָמם ְל ַכ ֵּפר ַּב ּק ֶֹדשׁ whose blood was brought in to purge the Shrine ִיוֹציא ֶא ִל־מ ּחוץ ַל ַּמ ֲח ֶנה ְו ָשׂ ְר ּפו ָב ֵאשׁ ,shall be taken outside the camp; and their hides ֶא ָת־עֹרֹתם ְו ֶא ְּת־ב ָשׂ ָרם ְו ֶא ִּת־פְרשׁ ָ ם׃ .flesh, and dung shall be consumed in fire כח ְו ַה ּשׂ ֵֹרף ָאֹתם ְי ַכ ֵּבס ְּב ָג ָדיו ְוָר ַחץ He who burned them shall wash his clothes and 28 ֶא ְּת־ב ָשׂרוֹ ַּב ָּמִים ְו ַא ֲחֵר ֵי־כן ָיבוֹא ֶאל־ bathe his body in water; after that he may re-enter ַה ַּמ ֲח ֶנה׃ .the camp כט ְו ָהְי ָתה ָל ֶכם ְל ֻח ַּקת ָעוֹלם ַּב ֶחֹדשׁ And this shall be to you a law for all time: In the 29 ַהשְּׁ ִב ִיעי ֶּב ָעשׂוֹר ַל ֶחֹדשׁ ְּת ַע ּנּו ֶאת־ ,seventh month, on the tenth day of the month ַנ ְפשׁ ֵֹת ֶיכם ְו ָכ ְל־מ ָל ָאכה לֹא ַת ֲע ּשׂו you shall practice self-denial; and you shall do no ָה ֶאְזָרח ְו ַה ֵּגר ַה ָּגר ְּב ְתוֹכ ֶכם׃ manner of work, neither the citizen nor the alien who resides among you. ל ִּכ ַי־ב ּיוֹם ַהֶ ּזה ְי ַכ ֵּפר ֲע ֵל ֶיכם ְל ַט ֵהר For on this day atonement shall be made for you 30 ֶא ְת ֶכם ִמ ּכֹל ַח ּט ֵֹאת ֶיכם ִל ְפ ֵני ְי ָהֹוה to cleanse you of all your sins; you shall be clean ִּת ְט ָה ּרו׃ .before Hashem kee va-YOM ha-ZEH y’-kha-PAYR a-lay-KHEM l’-ta-HAYR et-KHEM mi-KOL kha-TO-tay-KHEM lif-NAY a-do-NAI tit-HA-ru לא שׁ ַ ַּבת שׁ ַ ָּבתוֹן ִהיא ָל ֶכם ְו ִע ִנּ ֶיתם ֶאת־ It shall be a Shabbat of complete rest for you, and 31 ַנ ְפשׁ ֵֹת ֶיכם ֻח ַּקת ָעוֹלם׃ .you shall practice self-denial; it is a law for all time לב ְו ִכ ֶּפר ַה ּכ ֵֹהן ֲאשׁ ֶ ִר־י ְמשׁ ַ ח אֹתוֹ ַו ֲאשׁ ֶ ר TheKohen who has been anointed and ordained 32 ְי ַמ ֵּלא ֶא ָת־ידוֹ ְל ַכ ֵהן ַּת ַחת ָא ִביו ְו ָל ַבשׁ to serve as Kohen in place of his father shall make ֶא ִּת־ב ְג ֵדי ַה ָּבד ִּב ְג ֵדי ַה ּק ֶֹדשׁ ׃ expiation. He shall put on the linen vestments, the sacral vestments. לג ְו ִכ ֶּפר ֶא ִת־מ ְק ַ ּדשׁ ַה ּק ֶֹדשׁ ְו ֶא ֶת־אֹהל He shall purge the innermost Shrine; he shall purge 33 ֵמוֹעד ְו ֶא ַת־ה ִּמְז ֵּב ַח ְי ַכ ֵּפר ְו ַעל ַה ּכ ֲֹה ִנים the Tent of Meeting and the mizbayach; and he ְו ַע ָּל־כ ַל־עם ַה ָּק ָהל ְי ַכ ֵּפר׃ shall make expiation for the Kohanim and for all the people of the congregation. לד ְו ָהְי ָת ּה־זֹאת ָל ֶכם ְל ֻח ַּקת ָעוֹלם ְל ַכ ֵּפר This shall be to you a law for all time: to make 34 ַע ְּל־ב ֵני ִי ְשׂ ָר ֵאל ִמ ָּכ ַל־ח ּט ָֹאתם ַא ַחת atonement for the Israelites for all their sins once ַּבשָּׁ ָנה ַוַּי ַעשׂ ַּכ ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ִצָּוה ְי ָהֹוה ֶאת־ a year. And Moshe did as Hashem had commanded מֹשׁ ֶ ה׃ .him יז א ַוְי ַד ֵּבר ְי ָהֹוה ֶאל־מֹשׁ ֶ ה ֵּלאמֹר׃ :Hashem spoke to Moshe, saying 1 17 ב ַ ּד ֵּבר ֶא ַל־א ֲהרֹן ְו ֶא ָּל־ב ָניו ְו ֶאל ָּכ ְּל־ב ֵני Speak to Aharon and his sons and to all B’nei 2 ִי ְשׂ ָר ֵאל ְו ָא ַמְר ָּת ֲא ֵל ֶיהם ֶזה ַה ָ ּד ָבר Yisrael and say to them: This is whatHashem has ֲאשׁ ֶ ִר־צָּוה ְי ָהֹוה ֵלאמֹר׃ :commanded ג ִאישׁ ִאישׁ ִמ ֵּבית ִי ְשׂ ָר ֵאל ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ִישׁ ְ ַחט if anyone of the house of Yisrael slaughters an ox or 3 שׁ וֹר ֶאוֹ־כ ֶשׂב ֵאוֹ־עז ַּב ַּמ ֲח ֶנה אוֹ ֲאשׁ ֶ ר sheep or goat in the camp, or does so outside the ִישׁ ְ ַחט ִמ ּחוץ ַל ַּמ ֲח ֶנה׃ ,camp

64 ויקרא זי Vayikra/Leviticus 17 תומ ירחא Acharei Mot Leviticus ד ְו ֶא ֶּל־פ ַתח ֶאֹהל ֵמוֹעד לֹא ֱה ִביאוֹ and does not bring it to the entrance of the Tent 4 ְל ַה ְקִריב ָקְר ָּבן ַל ָיהֹוה ִל ְפ ֵני ִמשׁ ְ ַּכן , of Meeting to present it as an offering toHashem ְי ָהֹוה ָ ּדם ֵי ָחשׁ ֵ ב ָל ִאישׁ ַה ּהוא ָ ּדם שׁ ָ ָפ ְך before Hashem’s Mishkan, bloodguilt shall be ְו ִנ ְכַרת ָה ִאישׁ ַה ּהוא ִמ ֶּקֶרב ַע ּמוֹ׃ imputed to that man: he has shed blood; that man shall be cut off from among his people. v’-el PE-takh O-hel mo-AYD LO he-vee-O l’-hak-REEV kor-BAN la-do-NAI lif-NAY mish-KAN a-do-NAI DAM yay-kha-SHAYV la-EESH ha-HU DAM sha- FAKH v’-nikh-RAT ha-EESH ha-HU mi-KE-rev a-MO ה ְל ַמ ַען ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ָי ִב ּיאו ְּב ֵני ִי ְשׂ ָר ֵאל ֶאת־ This is in order that the Israelites may bring the 5 ִז ְב ֵח ֶיהם ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ֵהם ְזֹב ִחים ַע ְּל־פ ֵני sacrifices which they have been making in the ַה ָּשׂ ֶדה ֶו ֱה ִב ֻיאם ַל ָיהֹוה ֶא ֶּל־פ ַתח ֶאֹהל open—that they may bring them before Hashem, to ֵמוֹעד ֶא ַל־ה ּכ ֵֹהן ְוָז ְב ּחו ִז ְב ֵחי שׁ ְ ָל ִמים ,the Kohen, at the entrance of the Tent of Meeting ַל ָיהֹוה ָאוֹתם׃ and offer them as sacrifices of well-being to Hashem; ו ְוָזַרק ַה ּכ ֵֹהן ֶא ַת־ה ָ ּדם ַע ִל־מְז ַּבח ְי ָהֹוה that the Kohen may dash the blood against the 6 ֶּפ ַתח ֶאֹהל ֵמוֹעד ְו ִה ְק ִטיר ַה ֵח ֶלב ְלֵר ַיח mizbayach of Hashem at the entrance of the Tent of ִנ ַיחֹח ַל ָיהֹוה׃ Meeting, and turn the fat into smoke as a pleasing odor to Hashem; ז ְו ִלֹא־יְז ְּב ּחו עוֹד ֶא ִת־ז ְב ֵח ֶיהם ַל ְּשׂ ִע ִירם and that they may offer their sacrifices no more to 7 ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ֵהם ִזֹנים ַא ֲחֵר ֶיהם ֻח ַּקת ָעוֹלם the goat-demons after whom they stray. This shall ִּת ְהֶי ּה־זֹאת ָל ֶהם ְל ָדֹרֹתם׃ .be to them a law for all time, throughout the ages ח ַו ֲא ֵל ֶהם ּת ַֹאמר ִאישׁ ִאישׁ ִמ ֵּבית Say to them further: If anyone of the house of 8 ִי ְשׂ ָר ֵאל ּו ִמ ַן־ה ֵּגר ֲאשׁ ֶ ָר־י ּגור ְּב ָתוֹכם Yisrael or of the strangers who reside among them ֲאשׁ ֶ ַר־י ֲע ֶלה ָעֹלה ָאוֹ־ז ַבח׃ ,offers a burnt offering or a sacrifice ט ְו ֶא ֶּל־פ ַתח ֶאֹהל ֵמוֹעד לֹא ְי ִב ֶיא ּנּו and does not bring it to the entrance of the Tent of 9 ַל ֲעשׂוֹת אֹתוֹ ַל ָיהֹוה ְו ִנ ְכַרת ָה ִאישׁ Meeting to offer it toHashem , that person shall be ַה ּהוא ֵמ ַע ָּמיו׃ .cut off from his people י ְו ִאישׁ ִאישׁ ִמ ֵּבית ִי ְשׂ ָר ֵאל ּו ִמ ַן־ה ֵּגר ַה ָּגר And if anyone of the house of Yisrael or of the 10 ְּב ָתוֹכם ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ַיֹאכל ָּכ ָ ּל־דם ְו ָנ ַת ִּתי ָפ ַני strangers who reside among them partakes of any ַּב ֶנּ ֶפשׁ ָה ֶאֹכ ֶלת ֶא ַת־ה ָ ּדם ְו ִה ְכַר ִּתי ָאֹת ּה blood, I will set My face against the person who ִמ ֶּקֶרב ַע ָּמ ּה׃ partakes of the blood, and I will cut him off from among his kin.

17:4 And does not bring it to the entrance of the Tent of introduced to the manner of worship. In addition, the Meeting Once the Mishkan is constructed, and again mandate that sacrifices be brought only in the Beit after the Beit Hamikdash is built in Yerushalayim, it Hamikdash requires everyone to travel to Yerushalayim becomes forbidden to offer sacrifices anywhere else. at least three times a year. God’s system ensures that This is because Hashem wants the acts of worshipping everyone will have the triannual opportunity to be Model of Him to bring unity among the people, and is also uplifted by the holiness of the Beit Hamikdash and the the Second designed to minimize the danger of changes being holy city of Yerushalayim. Beit Hamikdash

65 ויקרא חי Vayikra/Leviticus 18 תומ ירחא Acharei Mot Leviticus יא ִּכי ֶנ ֶפשׁ ַה ָּב ָשׂר ַּב ָ ּדם ִהוא ַו ֲא ִני ְנ ַת ִּתיו For the life of the flesh is in the blood, and I have 11 ָל ֶכם ַע ַל־ה ִּמְז ֵּב ַח ְל ַכ ֵּפר ַע ַל־נ ְפשׁ ֵֹת ֶיכם assigned it to you for making expiation for your ִּכ ַי־ה ָ ּדם ּהוא ַּב ֶנּ ֶפשׁ ְי ַכ ֵּפר׃ lives upon the mizbayach; it is the blood, as life, that effects expiation. יב ַע ֵּל־כן ָא ַמְר ִּתי ִל ְב ֵני ִי ְשׂ ָר ֵאל ָּכ ֶל־נ ֶפשׁ Therefore I say toB’nei Yisrael: No person among 12 ִמ ֶּכם ַלֹא־תֹאכל ָ ּדם ְו ַה ֵּגר ַה ָּגר ְּב ְתוֹכ ֶכם you shall partake of blood, nor shall the stranger ַלֹא־יֹאכל ָ ּדם׃ .who resides among you partake of blood יג ְו ִאישׁ ִאישׁ ִמ ְּב ֵני ִי ְשׂ ָר ֵאל ּו ִמ ַן־ה ֵּגר ַה ָּגר And if any Israelite or any stranger who resides 13 ְּב ָתוֹכם ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ָי ּצוד ֵציד ַחָּיה אוֹ־עוֹף among them hunts down an animal or a bird that ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ֵי ָא ֵכל ְושׁ ָ ַפ ְך ֶא ָ ּת־דמוֹ ְו ִכ ָּס ּהו may be eaten, he shall pour out its blood and cover ֶּב ָע ָפר׃ .it with earth יד ִּכ ֶי־נ ֶפשׁ ָּכ ָּל־ב ָשׂר ָ ּדמוֹ ְב ַנ ְפשׁ וֹ ּהוא .For the life of all flesh—its blood is its life 14 ָו ַאֹמר ִל ְב ֵני ִי ְשׂ ָר ֵאל ַ ּדם ָּכ ָּל־ב ָשׂר לֹא Therefore I say toB’nei Yisrael: You shall not partake ֵתֹאכ ּלו ִּכי ֶנ ֶפשׁ ָּכ ָּל־ב ָשׂר ָ ּדמוֹ ִהוא ָּכל־ of the blood of any flesh, for the life of all flesh is its ְאֹכ ָליו ִי ָּכֵרת׃ .blood. Anyone who partakes of it shall be cut off טו ְו ָכ ֶל־נ ֶפשׁ ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ּת ַֹאכל ְנ ֵב ָלה ּו ְטֵר ָפה Any person, whether citizen or stranger, who eats 15 ָּב ֶאְזָרח ּו ַב ֵּגר ְו ִכ ֶּבס ְּב ָג ָדיו ְוָר ַחץ ַּב ַּמִים what has died or has been torn by beasts shall wash ְו ָט ֵמא ַע ָד־ה ֶעֶרב ְו ָט ֵהר׃ his clothes, bathe in water, and remain unclean until evening; then he shall be clean. טז ְו ִאם לֹא ְי ַכ ֵּבס ּו ְב ָשׂרוֹ לֹא ִיְר ָחץ ְו ָנ ָשׂא But if he does not wash [his clothes] and bathe his 16 ֲעוׂנוֹ׃ .body, he shall bear his guilt יח א ַוְי ַד ֵּבר ְי ָהֹוה ֶאל־מֹשׁ ֶ ה ֵּלאמֹר׃ :Hashem spoke to Moshe, saying 1 18 ב ַ ּד ֵּבר ֶא ְּל־ב ֵני ִי ְשׂ ָר ֵאל ְו ָא ַמְר ָּת ֲא ֵל ֶהם Speak to B’nei Yisrael and say to them: I Hashem am 2 ֲא ִני ְי ָהֹוה ֱא ֵלֹה ֶיכם׃ .your God ג ְּכ ַמ ֲע ֵשׂה ֶאֶר ִץ־מ ְצַרִים ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ְישׁ ַ ְב ֶּתם־ You shall not copy the practices of the land of 3 ָּב ּה לֹא ַת ֲע ּשׂו ּו ְכ ַמ ֲע ֵשׂה ֶאֶר ְּץ־כ ַנ ַען Egypt where you dwelt, or of the land of Canaan to ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ֲא ִני ֵמ ִביא ֶא ְת ֶכם שׁ ָ ָּמה לֹא which I am taking you; nor shall you follow their ַת ֲע ּשׂו ּו ְב ֻח ּק ֵֹת ֶיהם לֹא ֵת ֵל ּכו׃ .laws k’-ma-a-SAY e-retz mitz-RA-yim a-SHER y’-shav-tem BA LO ta-a-SU u-kh’-ma- a-SAY e-retz k’-NA-an a-SHER a-NEE may-VEE et-KHEM SHA-ma LO ta-a-SU uv-khu-ko-tay-HEM lo tay-LAY-khu

18:3 Or of the land of Canaan This verse warns including the Jewish people. Ultimately, the Jews were the Israelites to avoid the negative behaviors indeed expelled from the land because of their sins. In (such as incest and child sacrifices) that were prevalent modern times, even as we are grateful that Hashem has in Canaan. The chapter ends with an incredible, spiritual returned the Children of Israel to the land, this warning statement. It warns that Eretz Yisrael itself is so pure that must be taken to heart. The land must be kept pure, and it cannot tolerate abominable behavior, and will the people’s behavior must adhere to the teachings of therefore expel any nation that defiles itself and the land, the Bible.

66 ויקרא חי Vayikra/Leviticus 18 תומ ירחא Acharei Mot Leviticus ד ֶא ִת־משׁ ְ ָּפ ַטי ַּת ֲע ּשׂו ְו ֶא ֻת־ח ּק ַֹתי My rules alone shall you observe, and faithfully 4 ִּתשׁ ְ ְמ ּרו ָל ֶל ֶכת ָּב ֶהם ֲא ִני ְי ָהֹוה .follow My laws: I Hashem am your God ֱא ֵלֹה ֶיכם׃ ה ּושׁ ְ ַמְר ֶּתם ֶא ֻת־ח ּק ַֹתי ְו ֶא ִת־משׁ ְ ָּפ ַטי You shall keep My laws and My rules, by the pursuit 5 ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ַי ֲע ֶשׂה ָאֹתם ָה ָא ָדם ָו ַחי ָּב ֶהם ֲא ִני .of which man shall live: I am Hashem ְי ָהֹוה׃ ו ִאישׁ ִאישׁ ֶא ָּל־כל־שׁ ְ ֵאר ְּב ָשׂרוֹ לֹא None of you shall come near anyone of his own 6 ִת ְקְר ּבו ְל ַג ּלוֹת ֶעְרָוה ֲא ִני ְי ָהֹוה׃ . flesh to uncover nakedness: I amHashem ז ֶעְרַות ָא ִב ָיך ְו ֶעְרַות ִא ְּמ ָך לֹא ְת ַג ֵּלה Your father’s nakedness, that is, the nakedness of 7 ִא ְּמ ָך ִהוא לֹא ְת ַג ֶּלה ֶעְרָו ָת ּה׃ your mother, you shall not uncover; she is your mother—you shall not uncover her nakedness. ח ֶעְרַות ֵאשׁ ֶ ָת־א ִב ָיך לֹא ְת ַג ֵּלה ֶעְרַות ;Do not uncover the nakedness of your father’s wife 8 ָא ִב ָיך ִהוא׃ .it is the nakedness of your father ט ֶעְרַות ֲא ְחוֹת ָך ַב ָת־א ִב ָיך אוֹ ַב ִת־א ֶּמ ָך The nakedness of your sister—your father’s 9 ֶמוֹל ֶדת ַּבִית אוֹ ֶמוֹל ֶדת ּחוץ לֹא ְת ַג ֶּלה daughter or your mother’s, whether born into ֶעְרָו ָתן׃ the household or outside—do not uncover their nakedness. י ֶעְרַות ַּב ִּת־ב ְנ ָך אוֹ ַב ִּת־ב ְּת ָך לֹא ְת ַג ֶּלה The nakedness of your son’s daughter, or of your 10 ֶעְרָו ָתן ִּכי ֶעְרָו ְת ָך ֵה ָנּה׃ daughter’s daughter—do not uncover their nakedness; for their nakedness is yours. יא ֶעְרַות ַּב ֵת־אשׁ ֶ ת ָא ִב ָיך ֶמוֹל ֶדת ָא ִב ָיך The nakedness of your father’s wife’s daughter, who 11 ֲא ְחוֹת ָך ִהוא לֹא ְת ַג ֶּלה ֶעְרָו ָת ּה׃ has born into your father’s household—she is your sister; do not uncover her nakedness. יב ֶעְרַות ֲא ָחוֹת־א ִב ָיך לֹא ְת ַג ֵּלה שׁ ְ ֵאר Do not uncover the nakedness of your father’s 12 ָא ִב ָיך ִהוא׃ .sister; she is your father’s flesh יג ֶעְרַות ֲא ִחוֹת־א ְּמ ָך לֹא ְת ַג ֵּלה ִּכי־שׁ ְ ֵאר Do not uncover the nakedness of your mother’s 13 ִא ְּמ ָך ִהוא׃ .sister; for she is your mother’s flesh יד ֶעְרַות ֲא ִח ָי־א ִב ָיך לֹא ְת ַג ֵּלה ֶא ִל־אשׁ ְ ּתוֹ Do not uncover the nakedness of your father’s 14 לֹא ִת ְקָרב ּד ָֹד ְת ָך ִהוא׃ .brother: do not approach his wife; she is your aunt טו ֶעְרַות ַּכ ָּל ְת ָך לֹא ְת ַג ֵּלה ֵאשׁ ֶ ת ִּב ְנ ָך ִהוא -Do not uncover the nakedness of your daughter 15 לֹא ְת ַג ֶּלה ֶעְרָו ָת ּה׃ in-law: she is your son’s wife; you shall not uncover her nakedness. טז ֶעְרַות ֵאשׁ ֶ ָת־א ִח ָיך לֹא ְת ַג ֵּלה ֶעְרַות Do not uncover the nakedness of your brother’s 16 ָא ִח ָיך ִהוא׃ .wife; it is the nakedness of your brother יז ֶעְרַות ִאשָּׁ ה ּו ִב ָּת ּה לֹא ְת ַג ֵּלה ֶא ַּת־בת־ Do not uncover the nakedness of a woman and her 17 ְּב ָנ ּה ְו ֶא ַּת־ב ִּת־ב ָּת ּה לֹא ִת ַּקח ְל ַג ּלוֹת daughter; nor shall you marry her son’s daughter or ֶעְרָו ָת ּה שׁ ַ ֲאָרה ֵה ָנּה ִז ָּמה ִהוא :her daughter’s daughter and uncover her nakedness they are kindred; it is depravity. יח ְו ִאשָּׁ ה ֶא ֲל־א ָחֹת ּה לֹא ִת ָּקח ִל ְצרֹר Do not marry a woman as a rival to her sister and 18 ְל ַג ּלוֹת ֶעְרָו ָת ּה ָע ֶל ָיה ְּב ַחֶּי ָיה׃ .uncover her nakedness in the other’s lifetime

67 ויקרא טי Vayikra/Leviticus 19 םישודק Kedoshim Leviticus יט ְו ֶא ִל־אשָּׁ ה ְּב ִנ ַ ּדת ֻט ְמ ָא ָת ּה לֹא ִת ְקַרב Do not come near a woman during her period of 19 ְל ַג ּלוֹ ת ֶע ְר ָו ָת ּה׃ .uncleanness to uncover her nakedness כ ְו ֶא ֵל־אשׁ ֶ ת ֲע ִמ ְית ָך ִלֹא־ת ֵּתן שׁ ְ ָכ ְב ְּת ָך Do not have carnal relations with your neighbor’s 20 ְלָזַרע ְל ָט ְמ ָא ָה־ב ּה׃ .wife and defile yourself with her כא ּו ִמַ ּזְר ֲע ָך ִלֹא־ת ֵּתן ְל ַה ֲע ִביר ַל ּמ ֶֹל ְך ְולֹא Do not allow any of your offspring to be offered up 21 ְת ַח ֵּלל ֶאת־שׁ ֵ ם ֱא ֶלֹה ָיך ֲא ִני ְי ָהֹוה׃ to Molech, and do not profane the name of your God: I am Hashem. כב ְו ֶא ָת־ז ָכר לֹא ִתשׁ ְ ַּכב ִמשׁ ְ ְּכ ֵבי ִאשָּׁ ה Do not lie with a male as one lies with a woman; it 22 ּת ֵוֹע ָבה ִהוא׃ .is an abhorrence כג ּו ְב ָכ ְּל־ב ֵה ָמה ִלֹא־ת ֵּתן שׁ ְ ָכ ְב ְּת ָך Do not have carnal relations with any beast and 23 קדושים ְל ָט ְמ ָא ָה־ב ּה ְו ִאשָּׁ ה ַלֹא־ת ֲעמֹד ִל ְפ ֵני defile yourself thereby; and let no woman lend ְב ֵה ָמה ְלִר ְב ָע ּה ֶּת ֶבל ּהוא׃ .herself to a beast to mate with it; it is perversion כד ַא ִּל־ת ַּט ְּמ ּאו ְּב ָכ ֵל־א ֶּלה ִּכי ְב ָכ ֵל־א ֶּלה Do not defile yourselves in any of those ways, for 24 ִנ ְט ְמ ּאו ַה ּג ִוֹים ֲאשׁ ֶ ֲר־א ִני ְמשׁ ַ ֵּל ַח it is by such that the nations that I am casting out ִמ ְּפ ֵנ ֶיכם׃ .before you defiled themselves כה ַו ִּת ְט ָמא ָה ָאֶרץ ָו ֶא ְפקֹד ֲע ָוׂנ ּה ָע ֶל ָיה Thus the land became defiled; and I called it to 25 ַו ָּת ִקא ָה ָאֶרץ ֶאת־יֹשׁ ְ ֶב ָיה׃ account for its iniquity, and the land spewed out its inhabitants. כו ּושׁ ְ ַמְר ֶּתם ַא ֶּתם ֶא ֻת־ח ּק ַֹתי ְו ֶאת־ But you must keep My laws and My rules, and you 26 ִמשׁ ְ ָּפ ַטי ְולֹא ַת ֲע ּשׂו ִמ ּכֹל ַה ּת ֵוֹעבֹת must not do any of those abhorrent things, neither ָה ֵא ֶּלה ָה ֶאְזָרח ְו ַה ֵּגר ַה ָּגר ְּב ְתוֹכ ֶכם׃ ;the citizen nor the stranger who resides among you כז ִּכי ֶא ָּת־כ ַל־ה ּת ֵוֹעבֹת ָה ֵאל ָע ּשׂו ַא ְנשׁ ֵ י־ for all those abhorrent things were done by the 27 ָה ָאֶרץ ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ִל ְפ ֵנ ֶיכם ַו ִּת ְט ָמא ָה ָאֶרץ׃ people who were in the land before you, and the land became defiled. כח ְו ָלֹא־ת ִקיא ָה ָאֶרץ ֶא ְת ֶכם ְּב ַט ַּמ ֲא ֶכם So let not the land spew you out for defiling it, as it 28 ָאֹת ּה ַּכ ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ָק ָאה ֶא ַת־ה ּגוֹי ֲאשׁ ֶ ר .spewed out the nation that came before you ִל ְפ ֵנ ֶיכם׃ כט ִּכי ָּכ ֲל־אשׁ ֶ ר ַי ֲע ֶשׂה ִמ ּכֹל ַה ּת ֵוֹעבוֹת All who do any of those abhorrent things—such 29 ָה ֵא ֶּלה ְו ִנ ְכְר ּתו ַה ְנּ ָפשׁ וֹת ָהעֹשֹׂת ִמ ֶּקֶרב .persons shall be cut off from their people ַע ָּמם׃ ל ּושׁ ְ ַמְר ֶּתם ֶא ִת־משׁ ְ ַמְר ִּתי ְל ִב ְל ִּתי ֲעשׂוֹת You shall keep My charge not to engage in any of 30 ֵמ ֻח ּקוֹת ַה ּת ֵוֹעבֹת ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ַנ ֲע ּשׂו ִל ְפ ֵנ ֶיכם the abhorrent practices that were carried on before ְולֹא ִת ַּט ְּמ ּאו ָּב ֶהם ֲא ִני ְי ָהֹוה ֱא ֵלֹה ֶיכם׃ you, and you shall not defile yourselves through Kedoshim them: I Hashem am your God. יט אא ַוְי ַד ֵּבר ְי ָהֹוה ֶאל־מֹשׁ ֶ ה ֵּלאמֹר: :Hashem spoke to Moshe, saying 1 19 ב ַ ּד ֵּבר ֶא ָּל־כ ֲל־ע ַדת ְּב ֵנ ִי־י ְשׂ ָר ֵאל ְו ָא ַמְר ָּת Speak to the whole Israelite community and say to 2 ֲא ֵל ֶהם ְקדֹשׁ ִ ים ִּת ְה ּיו ִּכי ָקדוֹשׁ ֲא ִני ,them: You shall be holy, for I, Hashem your God ְי ָהֹוה ֱא ֵלֹה ֶיכם׃ .am holy ג ִאישׁ ִא ּמוֹ ְו ָא ִביו ִּת ָיר ּאו ְו ֶאת־שׁ ַ ְּב ַתֹתי You shall each revere his mother and his father, and 3 ִּתשׁ ְ ּמֹרו ֲא ִני ְי ָהֹוה ֱא ֵלֹה ֶיכם׃ .keep My Shabbatot: I Hashem am your God

68 ויקרא טי Vayikra/Leviticus 19 םישודק Kedoshim Leviticus ד ַא ִּל־ת ְפ ּנו ֶא ָל־ה ֱא ִל ִילים ֵו ֵאלֹהי ַמ ֵּס ָכה Do not turn to idols or make molten gods for 4 לֹא ַת ֲע ּשׂו ָל ֶכם ֲא ִני ְי ָהֹוה ֱא ֵלֹה ֶיכם׃ .yourselves: I Hashem am your God ה ְו ִכי ִתְז ְּב ּחו ֶז ַבח שׁ ְ ָל ִמים ַל ָיהֹוה ִלְר ְצֹנ ֶכם When you sacrifice an offering of well-being to 5 ִּתְז ָּב ֻח ּהו׃ Hashem, sacrifice it so that it may be accepted on your behalf. ו ְּביוֹם ִז ְב ֲח ֶכם ֵי ָא ֵכל ּו ִמ ָּמ ֳחָרת ְו ַה ָנּוֹתר It shall be eaten on the day you sacrifice it, or on the 6 ַעד־יוֹם ַהשְּׁ ִלישׁ ִ י ָּב ֵאשׁ ִי ָּשׂ ֵרף׃ day following; but what is left by the third day must be consumed in fire. ז ְו ִאם ֵה ָאכֹל ֵי ָא ֵכל ַּב ּיוֹם ַהשְּׁ ִלישׁ ִ י ִּפ ּג ּול If it should be eaten on the third day, it is an 7 ּהוא לֹא ֵיָר ֶצה׃ .offensive thing, it will not be acceptable ח ְו ְאֹכ ָליו ֲעוׂנוֹ ִי ָּשׂא ִּכ ֶי־א ֶת־קֹדשׁ ְי ָהֹוה And he who eats of it shall bear his guilt, for he has 8 ִח ֵּלל ְו ִנ ְכְר ָתה ַה ֶנּ ֶפשׁ ַה ִהוא ֵמ ַע ֶּמ ָיה׃ profaned what is sacred to Hashem; that person shall be cut off from his kin. ט ּו ְב ֻק ְצְר ֶכם ֶא ְת־ק ִציר ַאְר ְצ ֶכם לֹא When you reap the harvest of your land, you shall 9 ְת ַכ ֶּלה ְּפ ַאת ָשׂ ְד ָך ִל ְקצֹר ְו ֶל ֶקט ְק ִצ ְיר ָך not reap all the way to the edges of your field, or לֹא ְת ַל ֵּקט׃ .gather the gleanings of your harvest uv-kutz-r’-KHEM et k’-TZEER ar-tz’-KHEM LO t’-kha-LE p’-AT sa-d’-KHA lik- TZOR v’-LE-ket k’-tzee-r’-KHA LO t’-la-KAYT י ְו ַכְר ְמ ָך לֹא ְת ֵעוֹלל ּו ֶפֶרט ַּכְר ְמ ָך לֹא You shall not pick your vineyard bare, or gather the 10 ְת ַל ֵּקט ֶל ָע ִני ְו ַל ֵּגר ַּת ֲעזֹב ָאֹתם ֲא ִני ְי ָהֹוה fallen fruit of your vineyard; you shall leave them ֱא ֵלֹה ֶיכם׃ for the poor and the stranger: I Hashem am your God. יא לֹא ִּת ְג ּנֹבו ְו ְלֹא־ת ַכ ֲחשׁ ּו ְו ְלֹא־תשׁ ַ ְּק ּרו You shall not steal; you shall not deal deceitfully or 11 ִאישׁ ַּב ֲע ִמיתוֹ׃ .falsely with one another יב ְו ִלֹא־תשָּׁ ְב ּעו ִבשׁ ְ ִמי ַלשָּׁ ֶקר ְו ִח ַּל ְל ָּת You shall not swear falsely by My name, profaning 12 ֶאת־שׁ ֵ ם ֱא ֶלֹה ָיך ֲא ִני ְי ָהֹוה׃ .the name of your God: I am Hashem יג ַלֹא־ת ֲעשׁ ֹק ֶא ֵת־ר ֲע ָך ְולֹא ִת ְגזֹל לֹא־ You shall not defraud your fellow. You shall not 13 ָת ִלין ְּפ ֻע ַּלת ָשׂ ִכיר ִא ְּת ָך ַע ּד־ב ֶֹקר׃ commit robbery. The wages of a laborer shall not remain with you until morning. יד ְלֹא־ת ַק ֵּלל ֵחֵרשׁ ְו ִל ְפ ֵני ִעֵּור לֹא ִת ֵּתן You shall not insult the deaf, or place a stumbling 14 ִמ ְכשׁ ֹל ְוָיֵר ָאת ֵּמ ֱא ֶלֹה ָיך ֲא ִני ְי ָהֹוה׃ block before the blind. You shall fear your God: I am Hashem. טו ַלֹא־ת ֲע ּשׂו ָעֶול ַּב ִּמשׁ ְ ָּפט ִלֹא־ת ָּשׂא ְפ ֵני־ You shall not render an unfair decision: do not 15 ָדל ְולֹא ֶת ְה ַ ּדר ְּפ ֵני ָגדוֹל ְּב ֶצ ֶדק ִּתשׁ ְ ּפֹט favor the poor or show deference to the rich; judge ֲע ִמ ֶית ָך׃ .your kinsman fairly טז ֵלֹא־ת ֵל ְך ָר ִכיל ְּב ַע ֶּמ ָיך לֹא ַת ֲעמֹד ַעל־ Do not deal basely with your countrymen. Do not 16 ַ ּדם ֵר ֶע ָך ֲא ִני ְי ָהֹוה׃ . profit by the blood of your fellow: I amHashem יז ִלֹא־ת ְשׂ ָנא ֶא ָת־א ִח ָיך ִּב ְל ָב ֶב ָך ֵהוֹכ ַח .You shall not hate your kinsfolk in your heart 17 ּת ִוֹכ ַיח ֶא ֲת־ע ִמ ֶית ָך ְו ִלֹא־ת ָּשׂא ָע ָליו Reprove your kinsman but incur no guilt because ֵח ְטא׃ .of him

69 ויקרא טי Vayikra/Leviticus 19 םישודק Kedoshim Leviticus יח ִלֹא־ת ּקֹם ְו ִלֹא־ת ּטֹר ֶא ְּת־ב ֵני ַע ֶּמ ָך You shall not take vengeance or bear a grudge 18 ְו ָא ַה ְב ָּת ְלֵר ֲע ָך ָּכ ָמוֹך ֲא ִני ְי ָהֹוה׃ against your countrymen. Love your fellow as yourself: I am Hashem. lo ti-KOM v’-lo ti-TOR et b’-NAY a-ME-kha v’-a-hav-TA l’-ray-a-KHA ka-MO-kha a-NEE a-do-NAI יט ֶא ֻת־ח ּק ַֹתי ִּתשׁ ְ ּמֹרו ְּב ֶה ְמ ְּת ָך ַלֹא־תְר ִּב ַיע You shall observe My laws. You shall not let your 19 ִּכ ְל ַאִים ָשׂ ְד ָך ִלֹא־תְזַרע ִּכ ְל ָאִים ּו ֶב ֶגד cattle mate with a different kind; you shall not sow ִּכ ְל ַאִים שׁ ַ ַע ְט ֵנז לֹא ַי ֲע ֶלה ָע ֶל ָיך׃ your field with two kinds of seed; you shall not put on cloth from a mixture of two kinds of material. כ ְו ִאישׁ ִּכ ִי־ישׁ ְ ַּכב ֶא ִת־אשָּׁ ה שׁ ִ ְכ ַב ֶת־זַרע If a man has carnal relations with a woman who is a 20 ְו ִהוא שׁ ִ ְפ ָחה ֶנ ֱחֶר ֶפת ְל ִאישׁ ְו ָה ְפ ֵ ּדה לֹא slave and has been designated for another man, but ִנ ְפ ָ ּד ָתה אוֹ ֻח ְפשׁ ָ ה לֹא ִנ ַּת ָן־ל ּה ִּב ּקֶֹרת has not been redeemed or given her freedom, there ִּת ְהֶיה לֹא ּיו ְמ ּתו ִּכי־לֹא ֻח ָּפשׁ ָ ה׃ shall be an indemnity; they shall not, however, be put to death, since she has not been freed. כא ְו ֵה ִביא ֶא ֲת־אשׁ ָ מוֹ ַל ָיהֹוה ֶא ֶּל־פ ַתח But he must bring to the entrance of the Tent of 21 ֶאֹהל ֵמוֹעד ֵאיל ָאשׁ ָ ם׃ Meeting, as his guilt offering toHashem , a ram of guilt offering. כב ְו ִכ ֶּפר ָע ָליו ַה ּכ ֵֹהן ְּב ֵאיל ָה ָאשׁ ָ ם ִל ְפ ֵני With the ram of guilt offering theKohen shall make 22 ְי ָהֹוה ַע ַל־ח ָּטאתוֹ ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ָח ָטא ְו ִנ ְס ַלח לוֹ expiation for him before Hashem for the sin that he ֵמ ַח ָּטאתוֹ ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ָח ָטא׃ committed; and the sin that he committed will be forgiven him. כג ְו ִכ ָי־ת ּבֹאו ֶא ָל־ה ָאֶרץ ּו ְנ ַט ְע ֶּתם ָּכ ֵל־עץ When you enter the land and plant any tree for 23 ַמ ֲא ָכל ַו ֲעַר ְל ֶּתם ָעְר ָלתוֹ ֶא ִּת־פְריוֹ food, you shall regard its fruit as forbidden. Three שׁ ָ לֹשׁ שׁ ָ ִנים ִי ְהֶיה ָל ֶכם ֲעֵר ִלים לֹא .years it shall be forbidden for you, not to be eaten ֵי ָא ֵכל׃ v’-khee ta-VO-u el ha-A-retz u-n’-ta-TEM kol AYTZ ma-a-KHAL va-a-ral-TEM or-la-TO et pir-YO sha-LOSH sha-NEEM yih-YEH la-KHEM a-ray-LEEM LO yay-a-KHAYL כד ּו ַבשָּׁ ָנה ָהְר ִב ִיעת ִי ְהֶיה ָּכ ִּל־פְריוֹ ֶקֹדשׁ In the fourth year all its fruit shall be set aside for 24 ִה ּל ּו ִלים ַל ָיהֹוה׃ ;jubilation before Hashem

19:18 Love your fellow as yourself In a speech and eternal moral truths and commandments. This given in 1944 to a gathering of youth groups in people rose to prophetic visions of the unity of the Cre- Haifa, Prime Minister David Ben Gurion referred to these ator with His creation, of the dignity and infinite worth words as an example of how Judaism serves as a para- of the individual because every man is created in the digm of a society built on morality, peace and love: “Ours divine image, of social justice, universal peace, and love: Prime Minister David was a tiny nation inhabiting a small country, and there ‘Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself.’ This people was Ben Gurion have been many tiny nations and many small countries, the first to prophesy about ‘the end of days,’ the first to (1886-1973) but ours was a tiny nation possessed of a great spirit; an see the vision of a new human society.” Even though inspired people that believed in its pioneering mission Ben Gurion was not a religious Jew, he was deeply in- to all men, in the mission that had been preached by fluenced by the Bible, which had a profound impact on the prophets of Israel. This people gave the world great his outlook and his actions on behalf of the Jewish State.

70 ויקרא כ Vayikra/Leviticus 20 םישודק Kedoshim Leviticus כה ּו ַבשָּׁ ָנה ַה ֲח ִמישׁ ִ ת ּת ְֹאכ ּלו ֶא ִּת־פְריוֹ and only in the fifth year may you use its fruit—that 25 ְל ִהוֹסיף ָל ֶכם ְּת ּבו ָאתוֹ ֲא ִני ְי ָהֹוה its yield to you may be increased: I Hashem am your ֱא ֵלֹה ֶיכם׃ .God כו לֹא ְתֹאכ ּלו ַע ַל־ה ָ ּדם לֹא ְת ַנ ֲחשׁ ּו ְולֹא You shall not eat anything with its blood. You shall 26 ְת ֵעוֹנ ּנו׃ .not practice divination or soothsaying כז לֹא ַת ִּק ּפו ְּפ ַאת רֹאשׁ ְ ֶכם ְולֹא ַתשׁ ְ ִחית You shall not round off the side-growth on your 27 ֵאת ְּפ ַאת ְז ָק ֶנ ָך׃ .head, or destroy the side-growth of your beard כח ְו ֶשׂ ֶרט ָל ֶנ ֶפשׁ לֹא ִת ְּת ּנו ִּב ְב ַשׂ ְר ֶכם ,You shall not make gashes in your flesh for the dead 28 ּו ְכ ֶתֹבת ַק ֲע ַקע לֹא ִת ְּת ּנו ָּב ֶכם ֲא ִני .or incise any marks on yourselves: I am Hashem ְי ָהֹוה׃ כט ַא ְּל־ת ַח ֵּלל ֶא ִּת־ב ְּת ָך ְל ַהְז ָנוֹת ּה ְולֹא־ Do not degrade your daughter and make her a 29 ִתְז ֶנה ָה ָאֶרץ ּו ָמ ְל ָאה ָה ָאֶרץ ִז ָּמה׃ harlot, lest the land fall into harlotry and the land be filled with depravity. ל ֶאת־שׁ ַ ְּב ַתֹתי ִּתשׁ ְ ּמֹרו ּו ִמ ְק ָ ּדשׁ ִ י ִּת ָיר ּאו You shall keep My Shabbatot and venerate My 30 ֲא ִני ְי ָהֹוה׃ .sanctuary: I am Hashem לא ַא ִּל־ת ְפ ּנו ֶא ָל־האֹבֹת ְו ֶא ַל־הִּי ְ ּד ִעֹנים Do not turn to ghosts and do not inquire of familiar 31 ַא ְּל־ת ַב ְקשׁ ּו ְל ָט ְמ ָאה ָב ֶהם ֲא ִני ְי ָהֹוה spirits, to be defiled by them: IHashem am your ֱא ֵלֹה ֶיכם׃ .God לב ִמ ְּפ ֵני ֵשׂ ָיבה ָּת ּקום ְו ָה ַדְר ָּת ְּפ ֵני ָז ֵקן You shall rise before the aged and show deference 32 ְוָיֵר ָאת ֵּמ ֱא ֶלֹה ָיך ֲא ִני ְי ָהֹוה׃ .to the old; you shall fear your God: I am Hashem לג ְו ִכ ָי־י ּגור ִא ְּת ָך ֵּגר ְּב ַאְר ְצ ֶכם לֹא ּתוֹנו When a stranger resides with you in your land, you 33 אֹתוֹ׃ .shall not wrong him לד ְּכ ֶאְזָרח ִמ ֶּכם ִי ְהֶיה ָל ֶכם ַה ֵּגר ַה ָּגר The stranger who resides with you shall be to you as 34 ִא ְּת ֶכם ְו ָא ַה ְב ָּת לוֹ ָּכ ָמוֹך ִּכ ֵי־גִרים ,one of your citizens; you shall love him as yourself ֱהִי ֶיתם ְּב ֶאֶרץ ִמ ְצָרִים ֲא ִני ְי ָהֹוה for you were strangers in the land of Egypt: I ֱא ֵלֹה ֶיכם׃ .Hashem am your God לה ַלֹא־ת ֲע ּשׂו ָעֶול ַּב ִּמשׁ ְ ָּפט ַּב ִּמ ָ ּדה You shall not falsify measures of length, weight, or 35 ַּב ִּמשׁ ְ ָקל ּו ַב ְּמ ּשׂוָרה׃ .capacity לו ְמֹאז ֵני ֶצ ֶדק ַא ְב ֵנ ֶי־צ ֶדק ֵא ַיפת ֶצ ֶדק ,You shall have an honest balance, honest weights 36 ְו ִהין ֶצ ֶדק ִי ְהֶיה ָל ֶכם ֲא ִני ְי ָהֹוה ֱא ֵלֹה ֶיכם an honest efah, and an honest hin. I Hashem am ֲאשׁ ֶ ֵר־הוֹצ ִאתי ֶא ְת ֶכם ֵמ ֶאֶרץ ִמ ְצָרִים׃ .your God who freed you from the land of Egypt לז ּושׁ ְ ַמְר ֶּתם ֶא ָּת־כ ֻל־ח ּק ַֹתי ְו ֶא ָּת־כל־ You shall faithfully observe all My laws and all My 37 ִמשׁ ְ ָּפ ַטי ַו ֲע ִשׂ ֶיתם ָאֹתם ֲא ִני ְי ָהֹוה׃ .rules: I am Hashem כ א ַוְי ַד ֵּבר ְי ָהֹוה ֶאל־מֹשׁ ֶ ה ֵּלאמֹר׃ :And Hashem spoke to Moshe 1 20 ב ְו ֶא ְּל־ב ֵני ִי ְשׂ ָר ֵאל ּת ַֹאמר ִאישׁ ִאישׁ Say further to B’nei Yisrael: Anyone among the 2 ִמ ְּב ֵני ִי ְשׂ ָר ֵאל ּו ִמ ַן־ה ֵּגר ַה ָּגר ְּבִי ְשׂ ָר ֵאל ,Israelites, or among the strangers residing in Yisrael ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ִי ֵּתן ִמַ ּזְרעוֹ ַל ּמ ֶֹל ְך מוֹת ּיו ָמת ַעם who gives any of his offspring to Molech, shall be ָה ָאֶרץ ִיְר ְּג ֻמ ּהו ָב ָא ֶבן׃ put to death; the people of the land shall pelt him with stones.

71 ויקרא כ Vayikra/Leviticus 20 םישודק Kedoshim Leviticus ג ַו ֲא ִני ֶא ֵּתן ֶא ָּת־פ ַני ָּב ִאישׁ ַה ּהוא ְו ִה ְכַר ִּתי And I will set My face against that man and will cut 3 אֹתוֹ ִמ ֶּקֶרב ַע ּמוֹ ִּכי ִמַ ּזְרעוֹ ָנ ַתן ַל ּמ ֶֹל ְך him off from among his people, because he gave of ְל ַמ ַען ַט ֵּמא ֶא ִת־מ ְק ָ ּדשׁ ִ י ּו ְל ַח ֵּלל ֶאת־ his offspring to Molech and so defiled My sanctuary שׁ ֵ ם ָק ְ ד שׁ ִ י ׃ .and profaned My holy name ד ְו ִאם ַה ְע ֵלם ַי ְע ִל ּימו ַעם ָה ָאֶרץ ֶאת־ And if the people of the land should shut their 4 ֵע ֵינ ֶיהם ִמ ָן־ה ִאישׁ ַה ּהוא ְּב ִת ּתוֹ ִמַ ּזְרעוֹ eyes to that man when he gives of his offspring to ַל ּמ ֶֹל ְך ְל ִב ְל ִּתי ָה ִמית אֹתוֹ׃ ,Molech, and should not put him to death ה ְו ַשׂ ְמ ִּתי ֲא ִני ֶא ָּת־פ ַני ָּב ִאישׁ ַה ּהוא I Myself will set My face against that man and his 5 ּו ְב ִמשׁ ְ ַּפ ְח ּתוֹ ְו ִה ְכַר ִּתי אֹתוֹ ְו ֵאת ָּכל־ kin, and will cut off from among their people both ַה ּז ִֹנים ַא ֲחָריו ִלְזנוֹת ַא ֲחֵרי ַה ּמ ֶֹל ְך him and all who follow him in going astray after ִמ ֶּקֶרב ַע ָּמם׃ .Molech ו ְו ַה ֶנּ ֶפשׁ ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ִּת ְפ ֶנה ֶא ָל־האֹבֹת ְו ֶאל־ And if any person turns to ghosts and familiar 6 ַהִּי ְ ּד ִעֹנים ִלְזנוֹת ַא ֲחֵר ֶיהם ְו ָנ ַת ִּתי ֶאת־ spirits and goes astray after them, I will set My face ָּפ ַני ַּב ֶנּ ֶפשׁ ַה ִהוא ְו ִה ְכַר ִּתי אֹתוֹ ִמ ֶּקֶרב against that person and cut him off from among his ַע ּמוֹ ׃ .people ז ְו ִה ְת ַק ִ ּדשׁ ְ ֶּתם ִו ְהִי ֶיתם ְקדֹשׁ ִ ים ִּכי ֲא ִני You shall sanctify yourselves and be holy, for I 7 ְי ָהֹוה ֱא ֵלֹה ֶיכם׃ .Hashem am your God ח ּושׁ ְ ַמְר ֶּתם ֶא ֻת־ח ּק ַֹתי ַו ֲע ִשׂ ֶיתם ָאֹתם You shall faithfully observe My laws: I Hashem 8 ֲא ִני ְי ָהֹוה ְמ ַק ִ ּדשׁ ְ ֶכם׃ .make you holy ט ִּכ ִי־אישׁ ִאישׁ ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ְי ַק ֵּלל ֶא ָת־א ִביו If anyone insults his father or his mother, he shall 9 ְו ֶא ִת־א ּמוֹ מוֹת ּיו ָמת ָא ִביו ְו ִא ּמוֹ ִק ֵּלל be put to death; he has insulted his father and his ָ ּד ָמיו ּבוֹ׃ .mother—his bloodguilt is upon him י ְו ִאישׁ ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ִי ְנ ַאף ֶא ֵת־אשׁ ֶ ת ִאישׁ ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ,If a man commits adultery with a married woman 10 ִי ְנ ַאף ֶא ֵת־אשׁ ֶ ת ֵר ֵע ּהו ּמוֹת־יו ַמת ַה ֵנֹּאף committing adultery with another man’s wife, the ְו ַה ָנֹּא ֶפת׃ .adulterer and the adulteress shall be put to death יא ְו ִאישׁ ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ִישׁ ְ ַּכב ֶא ֵת־אשׁ ֶ ת ָא ִביו If a man lies with his father’s wife, it is the 11 ֶעְרַות ָא ִביו ִּג ָּלה ּמוֹת־יו ְמ ּתו שׁ ְ ֵנ ֶיהם nakedness of his father that he has uncovered; the ְ ּד ֵמ ֶיהם ָּבם׃ two shall be put to death—their bloodguilt is upon them. יב ְו ִאישׁ ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ִישׁ ְ ַּכב ֶא ַּת־כ ָּלתוֹ מוֹת If a man lies with his daughter-in-law, both of them 12 ּיו ְמ ּתו שׁ ְ ֵנ ֶיהם ֶּת ֶבל ָע ּשׂו ְ ּד ֵמ ֶיהם ָּבם׃ —shall be put to death; they have committed incest their bloodguilt is upon them. יג ְו ִאישׁ ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ִישׁ ְ ַּכב ֶא ָת־ז ָכר ִמשׁ ְ ְּכ ֵבי ,If a man lies with a male as one lies with a woman 13 ִאשָּׁ ה ּת ֵוֹע ָבה ָע ּשׂו שׁ ְ ֵנ ֶיהם מוֹת ּיו ָמ ּתו ;the two of them have done an abhorrent thing ְ ּד ֵמ ֶיהם ָּבם׃ they shall be put to death—their bloodguilt is upon them. יד ְו ִאישׁ ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ִי ַּקח ֶא ִת־אשָּׁ ה ְו ֶא ִת־א ָּמ ּה If a man marries a woman and her mother, it is 14 ִז ָּמה ִהוא ָּב ֵאשׁ ִי ְשׂ ְר ּפו אֹתוֹ ְו ֶא ְת ֶהן ,depravity; both he and they shall be put to the fire ְו ִלֹא־ת ְהֶיה ִז ָּמה ְּב ְתוֹכ ֶכם׃ .that there be no depravity among you טו ְו ִאישׁ ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ִי ֵּתן שׁ ְ ָכ ְב ּתוֹ ִּב ְב ֵה ָמה מוֹת If a man has carnal relations with a beast, he shall be 15 ּיו ָמת ְו ֶא ַת־ה ְּב ֵה ָמה ַּת ֲה ּרֹגו׃ .put to death; and you shall kill the beast

72 ויקרא כ Vayikra/Leviticus 20 םישודק Kedoshim Leviticus טז ְו ִאשָּׁ ה ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ִּת ְקַרב ֶא ָּל־כ ְּל־ב ֵה ָמה ,If a woman approaches any beast to mate with it 16 ְלִר ְב ָעה ָאֹת ּה ְו ָהַר ְג ָּת ֶא ָת־ה ִאשָּׁ ה ְו ֶאת־ you shall kill the woman and the beast; they shall be ַה ְּב ֵה ָמה מוֹת ּיו ָמ ּתו ְ ּד ֵמ ֶיהם ָּבם׃ .put to death—their bloodguilt is upon them יז ְו ִאישׁ ֲאשׁ ֶ ִר־י ַּקח ֶא ֲת־אחֹתוֹ ַּב ָת־א ִביו If a man marries his sister, the daughter of either his 17 אוֹ ַב ִת־א ּמוֹ ְוָר ָאה ֶא ֶת־עְרָו ָת ּה ְו ִהיא־ father or his mother, so that he sees her nakedness ִתְר ֶאה ֶא ֶת־עְרָותוֹ ֶח ֶסד ּהוא ְו ִנ ְכְר ּתו and she sees his nakedness, it is a disgrace; they ְל ֵע ֵיני ְּב ֵני ַע ָּמם ֶעְרַות ֲאחֹתוֹ ִּג ָּלה ֲעוׂנוֹ shall be excommunicated in the sight of their ִי ּ ָשׂ א׃ kinsfolk. He has uncovered the nakedness of his sister, he shall bear his guilt. יח ְו ִאישׁ ֲאשׁ ֶ ִר־ישׁ ְ ַּכב ֶא ִת־אשָּׁ ה ָ ּדָוה ְו ִג ָּלה If a man lies with a woman in her infirmity and 18 ֶא ֶת־עְרָו ָת ּה ֶא ְת־מ ָקֹר ּה ֶה ֱעָרה ְו ִהיא uncovers her nakedness, he has laid bare her flow ִּג ְּל ָתה ֶא ְת־מקוֹר ָ ּד ֶמ ָיה ְו ִנ ְכְר ּתו שׁ ְ ֵנ ֶיהם and she has exposed her blood flow; both of them ִמ ֶּקֶרב ַע ָּמם׃ .shall be cut off from among their people יט ְו ֶעְרַות ֲאחוֹת ִא ְּמ ָך ַו ֲאחוֹת ָא ִב ָיך לֹא You shall not uncover the nakedness of your 19 ְת ַג ֵּלה ִּכי ֶאת־שׁ ְ ֵארוֹ ֶה ֱעָרה ֲע ָוׂנם ִי ָּשׂ ּאו׃ mother’s sister or of your father’s sister, for that is laying bare one’s own flesh; they shall bear their guilt. כ ְו ִאישׁ ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ִישׁ ְ ַּכב ֶא ּת־ד ָֹדתוֹ ֶעְרַות ּדֹדוֹ If a man lies with his uncle’s wife, it is his uncle’s 20 ִּג ָּלה ֶח ְט ָאם ִי ָּשׂ ּאו ֲעִר ִירים ָי ֻמ ּתו׃ nakedness that he has uncovered. They shall bear their guilt: they shall die childless. כא ְו ִאישׁ ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ִי ַּקח ֶא ֵת־אשׁ ֶ ת ָא ִחיו ִנ ָ ּדה If a man marries the wife of his brother, it is 21 ִהוא ֶעְרַות ָא ִחיו ִּג ָּלה ֲעִר ִירים ִי ְה ּיו׃ indecency. It is the nakedness of his brother that he has uncovered; they shall remain childless. כב ּושׁ ְ ַמְר ֶּתם ֶא ָּת־כ ֻל־ח ּק ַֹתי ְו ֶא ָּת־כל־ You shall faithfully observe all My laws and all My 22 ִמשׁ ְ ָּפ ַטי ַו ֲע ִשׂ ֶיתם ָאֹתם ְו ָלֹא־ת ִקיא regulations, lest the land to which I bring you to ֶא ְת ֶכם ָה ָאֶרץ ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ֲא ִני ֵמ ִביא ֶא ְת ֶכם .settle in spew you out שׁ ָ ּ ָ מ ה ָל שׁ ֶ ֶ ב ת ָ ּב ּ ה ׃ ush-mar-TEM et kol khu-ko-TAI v’-et kol mish-pa-TAI va-a-see-TEM o-TAM v’-lo ta-KEE et-KHEM ha-A-retz a-SHER a-NEE may-VEE et-KHEM SHA-mah la- SHE-vet BAH כג ְולֹא ֵת ְל ּכו ְּב ֻח ּקֹת ַה ּגוֹי ֲאשׁ ֶ ֲר־א ִני You shall not follow the practices of the nation that 23 ְמשׁ ַ ֵּל ַח ִמ ְּפ ֵנ ֶיכם ִּכי ֶא ָּת־כ ֵל־א ֶּלה ָע ּשׂו I am driving out before you. For it is because they ָו ָא ֻקץ ָּבם׃ did all these things that I abhorred them

20:22 Lest the land to which I bring you to settle which I bring you to settle in spew you out.” This in spew you out Following the warning in Chapter expression attributes human-like sensitivity to the Land 18 against embracing the abominations of the Canaanites of Israel; it cannot stomach impurity and abomination, lest the Children of Israel be expelled from their land, and thus engaging in illicit relationships will result in exile Chapter 20 gives an example of such abominable from the land. This is a further example of the reality that behavior, containing a list of forbidden relationships that the gift of Eretz Yisrael is dependent on maintaining a high are detestable in Hashem’s eyes. This verse then says that level of purity and faith, since the land’s sanctity cannot they must follow the commandments, “lest the land to tolerate immorality.

73 אמור

ויקרא אכ Vayikra/Leviticus 21 רומא Emor Leviticus כד ָו ַאֹמר ָל ֶכם ַא ֶּתם ִּת ְירשׁ ּו ֶא ַת־א ְד ָמ ָתם and said to you: You shall possess their land, for I 24 ַו ֲא ִני ֶא ְּת ֶנ ָנּה ָל ֶכם ָלֶרשׁ ֶ ת ָאֹת ּה ֶאֶרץ will give it to you to possess, a land flowing with ָז ַבת ָח ָלב ּו ְד ָבשׁ ֲא ִני ְי ָהֹוה ֱא ֵלֹה ֶיכם milk and honey. I Hashem am your God who has ֲאשׁ ֶ ִר־ה ְב ַ ּד ְל ִּתי ֶא ְת ֶכם ִמ ָן־ה ַע ִּמים׃ .set you apart from other peoples va-o-MAR la-KHEM a-TEM tee-r’-SHU et ad-ma-TAM va-a-NEE et-NE-na la-KHEM la-RE-shet o-TAH E-retz za-VAT kha-LAV ud-VASH a-NEE a-do-NAI e-lo-hay-KHEM a-sher hiv-DAL-tee et-KHEM min ha-a-MEEM כה ְו ִה ְב ַ ּד ְל ֶּתם ֵּב ַין־ה ְּב ֵה ָמה ַה ְּט ָהֹרה So you shall set apart the clean beast from the 25 ַל ְּט ֵמ ָאה ּו ֵב ָין־העוֹף ַה ָּט ֵמא ַל ָּטהֹר ְולֹא־ unclean, the unclean bird from the clean. You shall ְתשׁ ַ ְּק ּצו ֶא ַת־נ ְפשׁ ֵֹת ֶיכם ַּב ְּב ֵה ָמה ּו ָבעוֹף not draw abomination upon yourselves through ּו ְבכֹל ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ִּתְרמֹשׂ ָה ֲא ָד ָמה ֲאשׁ ֶ ר־ beast or bird or anything with which the ground ִה ְב ַ ּד ְל ִּתי ָל ֶכם ְל ַט ֵּמא׃ is alive, which I have set apart for you to treat as unclean. כו ִו ְהִי ֶיתם ִלי ְקדֹשׁ ִ ים ִּכי ָקדוֹשׁ ֲא ִני ְי ָהֹוה You shall be holy to Me, for I Hashem am holy, and I 26 ָו ַא ְב ִ ּדל ֶא ְת ֶכם ִמ ָן־ה ַע ִּמים ִל ְהיוֹת ִלי׃ .have set you apart from other peoples to be Mine כז ְו ִאישׁ ִאוֹ־אשָּׁ ה ִּכ ִי־י ְהֶיה ָב ֶהם אוֹב אוֹ A man or a woman who has a ghost or a familiar 27 spirit shall be put to death; they shall be pelted with Emor ִי ְ ּד ִעֹני מוֹת ּיו ָמ ּתו ָּב ֶא ֶבן ִיְר ְּג ּמו ָאֹתם ְ ּד ֵמ ֶיהם ָּבם׃ .stones—their bloodguilt shall be upon them אא ַו ּי ֶֹאמר ְי ָהֹוה ֶאל־מֹשׁ ֶ ה ֱאמֹר ֶאל־ Hashem said to Moshe: Speak to the Kohanim, the 1 כא ַה ּכ ֲֹה ִנים ְּב ֵני ַא ֲהרֹן ְו ָא ַמְר ָּת ֲא ֵל ֶהם sons of Aharon, and say to them: None shall defile 21 ְל ֶנ ֶפשׁ ִלֹא־י ַּט ָּמא ְּב ַע ָּמיו׃ ,himself for any [dead] person among his kin va-YO-mer a-do-NAI el mo-SHEH e-MOR el ha-ko-ha-NEEM b’-NAY a-ha-RON v’-a-mar-TA a-lay-HEM l’-NE-fesh lo yi-ta-MA b’-a-MAV ב ִּכי ִא ִם־לשׁ ְ ֵארוֹ ַה ָּקרֹב ֵא ָליו ְל ִא ּמוֹ except for the relatives that are closest to him: his 2 ּו ְל ָא ִביו ְו ִל ְבנוֹ ּו ְל ִב ּתוֹ ּו ְל ָא ִחיו׃ mother, his father, his son, his daughter, and his brother; ג ְו ַל ֲאחֹתוֹ ַה ְּב ּתו ָלה ַה ְּק ָרוֹבה ֵא ָליו ֲאשׁ ֶ ר also for a virgin sister, close to him because she has 3 ָלֹא־הְי ָתה ְל ִאישׁ ָל ּה ִי ַּט ָּמא׃ .not married, for her he may defile himself ד לֹא ִי ַּט ָּמא ַּב ַעל ְּב ַע ָּמיו ְל ֵה ַח ּלוֹ׃ But he shall not defile himself as a kinsman by 4 marriage, and so profane himself.

21:1 None shall defile himself for any [dead] obligated to perform the burial, even if the deceased is person among his kin While the entire Nation of not “among his kin.” This is particularly striking, since Israel is commanded to maintain a certain level of under normal circumstances, unlike ordinary Kohanim, holiness, the Kohanim were held to an even higher the Kohen Gadol may not participate in the burial of even standard. For example, a priest may not become ritually his closest relatives. In this way, the Bible teaches that impure through contact with a dead body. Therefore, an elevated status must not make one oblivious to the he may not participate in the burial of anyone other needs of people. On the contrary, it is the obligation of than his immediate relatives. However, Rashi teaches those with heightened responsibility to see to it that that there is an exception to this rule. If there is no one everyone is taken care of, even at the expense of their else to bury the person, then even the Kohen Gadol is own personal state of holiness.

74 ויקרא אכ Vayikra/Leviticus 21 רומא Emor Leviticus ה לֹא־יקרחה ִ]י ְקְר ּחו[ ָקְר ָחה ְּברֹאשׁ ָ ם ,They shall not shave smooth any part of their heads 5 ּו ְפ ַאת ְז ָק ָנם לֹא ְי ַג ֵּל ּחו ּו ִב ְב ָשׂ ָרם לֹא or cut the side-growth of their beards, or make ִי ְשׂ ְר ּטו ָשׂ ָר ֶטת׃ .gashes in their flesh ו ְקדֹשׁ ִ ים ִי ְה ּיו ֵל ֵאלֹה ֶיהם ְולֹא ְי ַח ְּל ּלו They shall be holy to their God and not profane the 6 שׁ ֵ ם ֱא ֵלֹה ֶיהם ִּכי ֶא ִת־אשֵּׁ י ְי ָהֹוה ֶל ֶחם name of their God; for they offerHashem ’s offerings ֱא ֵלֹה ֶיהם ֵהם ַמ ְקִר ִיבם ְו ָה ּיו ֶקֹדשׁ ׃ .by fire, the food of their God, and so must be holy ז ִאשָּׁ ה ָזֹנה ַו ֲח ָל ָלה לֹא ִי ָּק ּחו ְו ִאשָּׁ ה ,They shall not marry a woman defiled by harlotry 7 ְּג ּרושׁ ָ ה ֵמ ִאישׁ ָ ּה לֹא ִי ָּק ּחו ִּכ ָי־קדֹשׁ ּהוא nor shall they marry one divorced from her ֵל ָאלֹהיו׃ husband. For they are holy to their God ח ְו ִק ַ ּדשׁ ְ ּתוֹ ִּכ ֶי־א ֶת־ל ֶחם ֱא ֶלֹה ָיך ּהוא and you must treat them as holy, since they offer the 8 ַמ ְקִריב ָקדֹשׁ ִי ְהֶי ָּה־ל ְך ִּכי ָקדוֹשׁ ֲא ִני food of your God; they shall be holy to you, for I ְי ָהֹוה ְמ ַק ִ ּדשׁ ְ ֶכם׃ .Hashem who sanctify you am holy ט ּו ַבת ִאישׁ ּכ ֵֹהן ִּכי ֵת ֵחל ִלְזנוֹת ֶא ָת־א ִב ָיה When the daughter of a Kohen defiles herself 9 ִהיא ְמ ַח ֶּל ֶלת ָּב ֵאשׁ ִּת ָּשׂ ֵרף׃ ;through harlotry, it is her father whom she defiles she shall be put to the fire. י ְו ַה ּכ ֵֹהן ַה ָּגדוֹל ֵמ ֶא ָחיו ֲאשׁ ֶ ּר־יו ַצק ַעל־ TheKohen who is exalted above his fellows, on 10 רֹאשׁ וֹ שׁ ֶ ֶמן ַה ִּמשׁ ְ ָחה ּו ִמ ֵּלא ֶא ָת־ידוֹ whose head the anointing oil has been poured and ִל ְל ּבֹשׁ ֶא ַת־ה ְּב ָג ִדים ֶאת־רֹאשׁ וֹ לֹא who has been ordained to wear the vestments, shall ִי ְפָרע ּו ְב ָג ָדיו לֹא ִי ְפרֹם׃ .not bare his head or rend his vestments יא ְו ַעל ָּכ ַל־נ ְפשׁ ֹת ֵמת לֹא ָיבֹא ְל ָא ִביו ;He shall not go in where there is any dead body 11 ּו ְל ִא ּמוֹ לֹא ִי ַּט ָּמא׃ he shall not defile himself even for his father or mother. יב ּו ִמ ַן־ה ִּמ ְק ָ ּדשׁ לֹא ֵי ֵצא ְולֹא ְי ַח ֵּלל ֵאת He shall not go outside the sanctuary and profane 12 ִמ ְק ַ ּדשׁ ֱא ָלֹהיו ִּכי ֵנֶזר שׁ ֶ ֶמן ִמשׁ ְ ַחת the sanctuary of his God, for upon him is the ֱא ָלֹהיו ָע ָליו ֲא ִני ְי ָהֹוה׃ distinction of the anointing oil of his God, Mine Hashem’s. יג ְו ּהוא ִאשָּׁ ה ִב ְב ּתו ֶל ָיה ִי ָּקח׃ .He may marry only a woman who is a virgin 13 יד ַא ְל ָמ ָנה ּו ְג ּרושׁ ָ ה ַו ֲח ָל ָלה ָזֹנה ֶא ֵת־א ֶּלה A widow, or a divorced woman, or one who is 14 לֹא ִי ָּקח ִּכי ִא ְּם־ב ּתו ָלה ֵמ ַע ָּמיו ִי ַּקח .degraded by harlotry—such he may not marry ִ א שׁ ּ ָ ה ׃ —Only a virgin of his own kin may he take to wife טו ְו ְלֹא־י ַח ֵּלל ַזְרעוֹ ְּב ַע ָּמיו ִּכי ֲא ִני ְי ָהֹוה that he may not profane his offspring among his 15 ְ מ ַ ק ְ ּ ד שׁ ֹ ו ׃ .kin, for I Hashem have sanctified him טז ַוְי ַד ֵּבר ְי ָהֹוה ֶאל־מֹשׁ ֶ ה ֵּלאמֹר׃ :Hashem spoke further to Moshe 16 יז ַ ּד ֵּבר ֶא ַל־א ֲהרֹן ֵלאמֹר ִאישׁ ִמַ ּזְר ֲע ָך Speak to Aharon and say: No man of your offspring 17 ְל ָדֹרֹתם ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ִי ְהֶיה בוֹ ּמום לֹא ִי ְקַרב throughout the ages who has a defect shall be ְל ַה ְקִריב ֶל ֶחם ֱא ָלֹהיו׃ .qualified to offer the food of his God יח ִּכי ָכ ִל־אישׁ ֲאשׁ ֶ ּר־בוֹ ּמום לֹא ִי ְקָרב No one at all who has a defect shall be qualified: no 18 ִאישׁ ִעֵּור אוֹ ִפ ֵּס ַח אוֹ ָחֻרם אוֹ ָשׂ ּרו ַע׃ man who is blind, or lame, or has a limb too short or too long; יט אוֹ ִאישׁ ֲאשׁ ֶ ִר־י ְהֶיה בוֹ שׁ ֶ ֶבר ָר ֶגל אוֹ ;no man who has a broken leg or a broken arm 19 שׁ ֶ ֶבר ָיד׃

75 ויקרא בכ Vayikra/Leviticus 22 רומא Emor Leviticus כ ִאוֹ־ג ֵּבן ַאוֹ־דק אוֹ ְּת ַב ֻּלל ְּב ֵעינוֹ אוֹ ָגָרב or who is a hunchback, or a dwarf, or who has a 20 אוֹ ַי ֶּל ֶפת אוֹ ְמ ַרוֹח ָאשׁ ֶ ְך׃ ,growth in his eye, or who has a boil-scar, or scurvy or crushed testes. כא ָּכ ִל־אישׁ ֲאשׁ ֶ ּר־בוֹ ּמום ִמֶ ּזַרע ַא ֲהרֹן No man among the offspring ofAharon the Kohen 21 ַה ּכ ֵֹהן לֹא ִי ַּגשׁ ְל ַה ְקִריב ֶא ִת־אשֵּׁ י who has a defect shall be qualified to offerHashem ’s ְי ָהֹוה ּמום ּבוֹ ֵאת ֶל ֶחם ֱא ָלֹהיו לֹא ִי ַּגשׁ offering by fire; having a defect, he shall not be ְל ַה ְקִריב׃ .qualified to offer the food of his God כב ֶל ֶחם ֱא ָלֹהיו ִמ ָּק ְדשׁ ֵ י ַה ֳּק ָדשׁ ִ ים ּו ִמן־ He may eat of the food of his God, of the most holy 22 ַה ֳּק ָדשׁ ִ ים ֵיֹאכל׃ ;as well as of the holy כג ַא ְך ֶא ַל־ה ָּפ ֶרֹכת לֹא ָיבֹא ְו ֶא ַל־ה ִּמְז ֵּב ַח but he shall not enter behind the curtain or come 23 לֹא ִי ַּגשׁ ִּכ ּי־מום ּבוֹ ְולֹא ְי ַח ֵּלל ֶאת־ near the mizbayach, for he has a defect. He shall ִמ ְק ָ ּדשׁ ַ י ִּכי ֲא ִני ְי ָהֹוה ְמ ַק ְ ּדשׁ ָ ם׃ not profane these places sacred to Me, for I Hashem have sanctified them. כד ַוְי ַד ֵּבר מֹשׁ ֶ ה ֶא ַל־א ֲהרֹן ְו ֶא ָּל־ב ָניו ְו ֶאל־ ThusMoshe spoke to Aharon and his sons and to all 24 ָּכ ְּל־ב ֵני ִי ְשׂ ָר ֵאל׃ .the Israelites כב א ַוְי ַד ֵּבר ְי ָהֹוה ֶאל־מֹשׁ ֶ ה ֵּלאמֹר׃ :Hashem spoke to Moshe, saying 1 22 ב ַ ּד ֵּבר ֶא ַל־א ֲהרֹן ְו ֶא ָּל־ב ָניו ְוִי ָנּ ְז ּרו ִמ ָּק ְדשׁ ֵ י Instruct Aharon and his sons to be scrupulous about 2 ְב ֵנ ִי־י ְשׂ ָר ֵאל ְולֹא ְי ַח ְּל ּלו ֶאת־שׁ ֵ ם ָק ְדשׁ ִ י the sacred donations that B’nei Yisrael consecrate ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ֵהם ַמ ְק ִ ּדשׁ ִ ים ִלי ֲא ִני ְי ָהֹוה׃ to Me, lest they profane My holy name, Mine Hashem’s. ג ֱאמֹר ֲא ֵל ֶהם ְל ֵדֹרֹת ֶיכם ָּכ ִל־אישׁ ֲאשׁ ֶ ר־ Say to them: Throughout the ages, if any 3 ִי ְקַרב ִמ ָּכ ַל־זְר ֲע ֶכם ֶא ַל־ה ֳּק ָדשׁ ִ ים ֲאשׁ ֶ ר man among your offspring, while in a state of ַי ְק ִ ּדישׁ ּו ְב ֵנ ִי־י ְשׂ ָר ֵאל ַל ָיהֹוה ְו ֻט ְמ ָאתוֹ uncleanness, partakes of any sacred donation that ָע ָליו ְו ִנ ְכְר ָתה ַה ֶנּ ֶפשׁ ַה ִהוא ִמ ְּל ָפ ַני ֲא ִני B’nei Yisrael may consecrate to Hashem, that person ְי ָהֹוה׃ . shall be cut off from before Me: I amHashem ד ִאישׁ ִאישׁ ִמֶ ּזַרע ַא ֲהרֹן ְו ּהוא ָצ ּרו ַע אוֹ No man of Aharon’s offspring who has an eruption 4 ָזב ַּב ֳּק ָדשׁ ִ ים לֹא ַיֹאכל ַעד ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ִי ְט ָהר or a discharge shall eat of the sacred donations until ְו ַה ֵנֹּג ַע ְּב ָכ ְל־ט ֵמ ֶא־נ ֶפשׁ אוֹ ִאישׁ ֲאשׁ ֶ ר־ he is clean. If one touches anything made unclean ֵּת ֵצא ִמ ֶּמ ּנּו שׁ ִ ְכ ַב ָת־זַרע׃ ,by a corpse, or if a man has an emission of semen ה ִאוֹ־אישׁ ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ִי ַּגע ְּב ָכל־שׁ ֶ ֶרץ ֲאשׁ ֶ ר or if a man touches any swarming thing by which he 5 ִי ְט ָמא־לוֹ אוֹ ְב ָא ָדם ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ִי ְט ָמא־לוֹ is made unclean or any human being by whom he is ְלכֹל ֻט ְמ ָאתוֹ׃ —made unclean—whatever his uncleanness ו ֶנ ֶפשׁ ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ִּת ַּג ּע־בוֹ ְו ָט ְמ ָאה ַע ָד־ה ָעֶרב the person who touches such shall be unclean until 6 ְולֹא ַיֹאכל ִמ ַן־ה ֳּק ָדשׁ ִ ים ִּכי ִא ָם־ר ַחץ evening and shall not eat of the sacred donations ְּב ָשׂרוֹ ַּב ָּמִים׃ .unless he has washed his body in water ז ּו ָבא ַהשֶּׁ ֶמשׁ ְו ָט ֵהר ְו ַא ַחר ַיֹאכל ִמן־ As soon as the sun sets, he shall be clean; and 7 ַה ֳּק ָדשׁ ִ ים ִּכי ַל ְחמוֹ ּהוא׃ afterward he may eat of the sacred donations, for they are his food. ח ְנ ֵב ָלה ּו ְטֵר ָפה לֹא ַיֹאכל ְל ָט ְמ ָא ָה־ב ּה He shall not eat anything that died or was torn by 8 ֲא ִני ְי ָהֹוה׃ .beasts, thereby becoming unclean: I am Hashem

76 ויקרא בכ Vayikra/Leviticus 22 רומא Emor Leviticus ט ְושׁ ָ ְמ ּרו ֶא ִת־משׁ ְ ַמְר ִּתי ְו ִלֹא־י ְשׂ ּאו ָע ָליו They shall keep My charge, lest they incur 9 ֵח ְטא ּו ֵמ ּתו בוֹ ִּכי ְי ַח ְּל ֻל ּהו ֲא ִני ְי ָהֹוה guilt thereby and die for it, having committed ְ מ ַ ק ְ ּ ד שׁ ָ ם ׃ .profanation: I Hashem consecrate them י ְו ָכ ָל־זר ַלֹא־יֹאכל ֶקֹדשׁ ּתוֹשׁ ַ ב ּכ ֵֹהן No lay person shall eat of the sacred donations. No 10 ְו ָשׂ ִכיר ַלֹא־יֹאכל ֶקֹדשׁ ׃ bound or hired laborer of a Kohen shall eat of the sacred donations; יא ְו ֵכֹהן ִּכ ִי־י ְק ֶנה ֶנ ֶפשׁ ִק ְנַין ַּכ ְס ּפוֹ ּהוא but a person who is a Kohen’s property by purchase 11 ַיֹאכל ּבוֹ ִו ִיליד ֵּביתוֹ ֵהם ְיֹאכ ּלו ְב ַל ְחמוֹ׃ may eat of them; and those that are born into his household may eat of his food. יב ּו ַב ּת־כ ֵֹהן ִּכי ִת ְהֶיה ְל ִאישׁ ָזר ִהוא If a Kohen’s daughter marries a layman, she may not 12 ִּב ְת ּרו ַמת ַה ֳּק ָדשׁ ִ ים לֹא ֵתֹאכל׃ ;eat of the sacred gifts יג ּו ַב ּת־כ ֵֹהן ִּכי ִת ְהֶיה ַא ְל ָמ ָנה ּו ְג ּרושׁ ָ ה but if the Kohen’s daughter is widowed or divorced 13 ְוֶזַרע ֵאין ָל ּה ְושׁ ָ ָבה ֶא ֵּל־בית ָא ִב ָיה and without offspring, and is back in her father’s ִּכ ְנ ּעוֶר ָיה ִמ ֶּל ֶחם ָא ִב ָיה ּת ֵֹאכל ְו ָכ ָל־זר house as in her youth, she may eat of her father’s ַלֹא־יֹאכל ּבוֹ׃ :food. No lay person may eat of it יד ְו ִאישׁ ִּכ ַי־יֹאכל ֶקֹדשׁ ִּבשׁ ְ ָג ָגה ְוָי ַסף ,but if a man eats of a sacred donation unwittingly 14 ֲח ִמשׁ ִ יתוֹ ָע ָליו ְו ָנ ַתן ַל ּכ ֵֹהן ֶא ַת־ה ּק ֶֹדשׁ ׃ ,he shall pay the Kohen for the sacred donation adding one-fifth of its value. טו ְולֹא ְי ַח ְּל ּלו ֶא ָת־ק ְדשׁ ֵ י ְּב ֵני ִי ְשׂ ָר ֵאל ֵאת But [the Kohanim] must not allow the Israelites to 15 ֲאשׁ ֶ ָר־יִר ּימו ַל ָיהֹוה׃ profane the sacred donations that they set aside for Hashem, טז ְו ִה ִּשׂ ּיאו ָאוֹתם ֲעוׂן ַאשׁ ְ ָמה ְּב ָא ְכ ָלם or to incur guilt requiring a penalty payment, by 16 ֶא ָת־ק ְדשׁ ֵ ֶיהם ִּכי ֲא ִני ְי ָהֹוה ְמ ַק ְ ּדשׁ ָ ם׃ eating such sacred donations: for it is I Hashem who make them sacred. יז ַוְי ַד ֵּבר ְי ָהֹוה ֶאל־מֹשׁ ֶ ה ֵּלאמֹר׃ :Hashem spoke to Moshe, saying 17 יח ַ ּד ֵּבר ֶא ַל־א ֲהרֹן ְו ֶא ָּל־ב ָניו ְו ֶאל ָּכ ְּל־ב ֵני ,Speak to Aharon and his sons, and to all B’nei Yisrael 18 ִי ְשׂ ָר ֵאל ְו ָא ַמְר ָּת ֲא ֵל ֶהם ִאישׁ ִאישׁ and say to them: When any man of the house of ִמ ֵּבית ִי ְשׂ ָר ֵאל ּו ִמ ַן־ה ֵּגר ְּבִי ְשׂ ָר ֵאל ֲאשׁ ֶ ר Yisrael or of the strangers in Yisrael presents a burnt ַי ְקִריב ָקְר ָּבנוֹ ְל ָכ ִל־נ ְדֵר ֶיהם ּו ְל ָכל־ offering as his offering for any of the votive or any of ִנ ְד ָבוֹתם ֲאשׁ ֶ ַר־י ְקִר ּיבו ַל ָיהֹוה ְל ָעֹלה׃ , the freewill offerings that they offer toHashem יט ִלְר ְצֹנ ֶכם ָּת ִמים ָז ָכר ַּב ָּב ָקר ַּב ְּכ ָשׂ ִבים it must, to be acceptable in your favor, be a male 19 ּו ָב ִעִ ּזים׃ .without blemish, from cattle or sheep or goats כ ּכֹל ֲאשׁ ֶ ּר־בוֹ ּמום לֹא ַת ְקִר ּיבו ִּכי־לֹא You shall not offer any that has a defect, for it will 20 ְלָרצוֹן ִי ְהֶיה ָל ֶכם׃ .not be accepted in your favor כא ְו ִאישׁ ִּכ ַי־י ְקִריב ֶז ַבח־שׁ ְ ָל ִמים ַל ָיהֹוה And when a man offers, from the herd or the 21 ְל ַפ ֵּל ֶא־נ ֶדר אוֹ ִל ְנ ָד ָבה ַּב ָּב ָקר אוֹ ַב ּצֹאן flock, a sacrifice of well-being toHashem for an ָּת ִמים ִי ְהֶיה ְלָרצוֹן ָּכ ּל־מום לֹא ִי ְהֶיה־ explicit vow or as a freewill offering, it must, to be ּבוֹ ׃ acceptable, be without blemish; there must be no defect in it.

77 ויקרא בכ Vayikra/Leviticus 22 רומא Emor Leviticus כב ַעֶּוֶרת אוֹ שׁ ָ ּבור ָאוֹ־ח ּרוץ ַאוֹ־י ֶּב ֶלת אוֹ Anything blind, or injured, or maimed, or with a 22 ָגָרב אוֹ ַי ֶּל ֶפת ַלֹא־ת ְקִר ּיבו ֵא ֶּלה ַל ָיהֹוה wen, boil-scar, or scurvy—such you shall not offer ְו ִאשֶּׁ ה ִלֹא־ת ְּת ּנו ֵמ ֶהם ַע ַל־ה ִּמְז ֵּב ַח to Hashem; you shall not put any of them on the ַל ָיהֹוה׃ . mizbayach as offerings by fire toHashem כג ְושׁ וֹר ָו ֶשׂה ָשׂ ּרו ַע ְו ָק ּלוט ְנ ָד ָבה ַּת ֲע ֶשׂה You may, however, present as a freewill offering an 23 אֹתוֹ ּו ְל ֵנ ֶדר לֹא ֵיָר ֶצה׃ ;ox or a sheep with a limb extended or contracted but it will not be accepted for a vow. כד ּו ָמ ּעו ְך ְו ָכ ּתות ְו ָנ ּתוק ְו ָכ ּרות לֹא You shall not offer toHashem anything [with its 24 ַת ְקִר ּיבו ַל ָיהֹוה ּו ְב ַאְר ְצ ֶכם לֹא ַת ֲע ּשׂו׃ testes] bruised or crushed or torn or cut. You shall have no such practices in your own land, כה ּו ִמַּיד ֶּב ֵן־נ ָכר לֹא ַת ְקִר ּיבו ֶא ֶת־ל ֶחם nor shall you accept such [animals] from a foreigner 25 ֱא ֵלֹה ֶיכם ִמ ָּכ ֵל־א ֶּלה ִּכי ָמשׁ ְ ָח ָתם ָּב ֶהם for offering as food for your God, for they are ּמום ָּבם לֹא ֵיָר ּצו ָל ֶכם׃ mutilated, they have a defect; they shall not be accepted in your favor. כו ַוְי ַד ֵּבר ְי ָהֹוה ֶאל־מֹשׁ ֶ ה ֵּלאמֹר׃ :Hashem spoke to Moshe, saying 26 כז שׁ וֹר ֶאוֹ־כ ֶשׂב ֵאוֹ־עז ִּכי ִיָּו ֵלד ְו ָהָיה When an ox or a sheep or a goat is born, it shall stay 27 שׁ ִ ְב ַעת ָי ִמים ַּת ַחת ִא ּמוֹ ּו ִמ ּיוֹם ַהשְּׁ ִמ ִיני seven days with its mother, and from the eighth ָו ָה ְל ָאה ֵיָר ֶצה ְל ָקְר ַּבן ִאשֶּׁ ה ַל ָיהֹוה׃ day on it shall be acceptable as an offering by fire to Hashem. כח ְושׁ וֹר ֶאוֹ־שׂה אֹתוֹ ְו ֶא ְּת־בנוֹ לֹא However, no animal from the herd or from the flock 28 ִתשׁ ְ ֲח ּטו ְּביוֹם ֶא ָחד׃ .shall be slaughtered on the same day with its young כט ְו ִכ ִי־תְז ְּב ּחו ֶז ַב ּח־ת ָוֹדה ַל ָיהֹוה ִלְר ְצֹנ ֶכם When you sacrifice a thanksgiving offering to 29 ִּתְז ָּב ּחו׃ Hashem, sacrifice it so that it may be acceptable in your favor. ל ַּב ּיוֹם ַה ּהוא ֵי ָא ֵכל ִלֹא־תוֹת ּירו ִמ ֶּמ ּנּו It shall be eaten on the same day; you shall not leave 30 ַע ּד־ב ֶֹקר ֲא ִני ְי ָהֹוה׃ .any of it until morning: I am Hashem לא ּושׁ ְ ַמְר ֶּתם ִמ ְצ ַוׂתי ַו ֲע ִשׂ ֶיתם ָאֹתם ֲא ִני You shall faithfully observe My commandments: I 31 ְי ָהֹוה׃ .am Hashem לב ְולֹא ְת ַח ְּל ּלו ֶאת־שׁ ֵ ם ָק ְדשׁ ִ י ְו ִנ ְק ַ ּדשׁ ְ ִּתי You shall not profane My holy name, that I may be 32 ְּב ְתוֹך ְּב ֵני ִי ְשׂ ָר ֵאל ֲא ִני ְי ָהֹוה ְמ ַק ִ ּדשׁ ְ ֶכם׃ sanctified in the midst ofB’nei Yisrael—I Hashem who sanctify you, v’-LO t’-kha-l’-LU et SHAYM ko-d’-SHEE v’-NIK-dash-TEE b’-TOKH b’-NAY yis- ra-AYL a-NEE a-do-NAI m’-ka-dish-KHEM

22:32 That I may be sanctified in the midst of the 86a), the primary way to sanctify Hashem’s name is B’nei Yisrael This verse addresses the imperative through ensuring that one’s behavior reflects positively to sanctify the name of Hashem. Rashi comments that upon Hashem. One must act in accordance with His the juxtaposition of the command to make Hashem’s commandments and treat others with kindness, name holy with the statement “I am Hashem… Who consideration and honesty. The mandate to sanctify brought you out of the land of Egypt” implies that God God’s name guides the State of Israel, and the IDF in Rashi took the Children of Israel out of Egypt on condition that particular, to hold itself to the highest standards of (1040-1105) they sanctify His name. According to the Talmud (Yoma morality.

78 ויקרא גכ Vayikra/Leviticus 23 רומא Emor Leviticus לג ַה ּמ ִוֹציא ֶא ְת ֶכם ֵמ ֶאֶרץ ִמ ְצַרִים ִל ְהיוֹת I who brought you out of the land of Egypt to be 33 ָל ֶכם ֵל ִאלֹהים ֲא ִני ְי ָהֹוה׃ .your God, I Hashem ha-mo-TZEE at-KHEM may-E-retz mitz-RA-yim lih-YOT la-KHEM lay-lo-HEEM a-NEE a-do-NAI כג א ַוְי ַד ֵּבר ְי ָהֹוה ֶאל־מֹשׁ ֶ ה ֵּלאמֹר׃ :Hashem spoke to Moshe, saying 1 23 ב ַ ּד ֵּבר ֶא ְּל־ב ֵני ִי ְשׂ ָר ֵאל ְו ָא ַמְר ָּת ֲא ֵל ֶהם Speak to B’nei Yisrael and say to them: These are My 2 ֲמוֹע ֵדי ְי ָהֹוה ֲאשׁ ֶ ִּר־ת ְקְר ּאו ָאֹתם fixed times, the fixed times ofHashem , which you ִמ ְקָר ֵאי ֶקֹדשׁ ֵא ֶּלה ֵהם ֲמוֹע ָדי׃ .shall proclaim as sacred occasions ג שׁ ֵ שׁ ֶ ת ָי ִמים ֵּת ָע ֶשׂה ְמ ָל ָאכה ּו ַב ּיוֹם On six days work may be done, but on the seventh 3 ַהשְּׁ ִב ִיעי שׁ ַ ַּבת שׁ ַ ָּבתוֹן ִמ ְקָר ֶא־קֹדשׁ day there shall be a Shabbat of complete rest, a ָּכ ְל־מ ָל ָאכה לֹא ַת ֲע ּשׂו שׁ ַ ָּבת ִהוא sacred occasion. You shall do no work; it shall be a ַל ָיהֹוה ְּבכֹל מוֹשׁ ְ ֵבֹת ֶיכם׃ .Shabbat of Hashem throughout your settlements ד ֵא ֶּלה ֲמוֹע ֵדי ְי ָהֹוה ִמ ְקָר ֵאי ֶקֹדשׁ ֲאשׁ ֶ ר־ These are the set times ofHashem , the sacred 4 ִּת ְקְר ּאו ָאֹתם ְּב ֲמוֹע ָדם׃ occasions, which you shall celebrate each at its appointed time: ה ַּב ֶחֹדשׁ ָהִראשׁ וֹן ְּב ַאְר ָּב ָעה ָע ָשׂר ַל ֶחֹדשׁ In the first month, on the fourteenth day of the 5 ֵּבין ָה ַעְר ָּבִים ֶּפ ַסח ַל ָיהֹוה׃ month, at twilight, there shall be a Pesach offering to Hashem, ו ּו ַב ֲח ִמשָּׁ ה ָע ָשׂר יוֹם ַל ֶחֹדשׁ ַהֶ ּזה ַחג and on the fifteenth day of that monthHashem ’s 6 ַה ַּמ ּצוֹת ַל ָיהֹוה שׁ ִ ְב ַעת ָי ִמים ַמ ּצוֹת Feast of Unleavened Bread. You shall eat ּת ֵֹאכ ּלו׃ .unleavened bread for seven days ז ַּב ּיוֹם ָהִראשׁ וֹן ִמ ְקָר ֶא־קֹדשׁ ִי ְהֶיה ָל ֶכם On the first day you shall celebrate a sacred 7 ָּכ ְל־מ ֶל ֶאכת ֲע ָבֹדה לֹא ַת ֲע ּשׂו׃ .occasion: you shall not work at your occupations ח ְו ִה ְקַר ְב ֶּתם ִאשֶּׁ ה ַל ָיהֹוה שׁ ִ ְב ַעת ָי ִמים Seven days you shall make offerings by fire to 8 ַּב ּיוֹם ַהשְּׁ ִב ִיעי ִמ ְקָר ֶא־קֹדשׁ ָּכל־ :Hashem. The seventh day shall be a sacred occasion ְמ ֶל ֶאכת ֲע ָבֹדה לֹא ַת ֲע ּשׂו׃ .you shall not work at your occupations ט ַוְי ַד ֵּבר ְי ָהֹוה ֶאל־מֹשׁ ֶ ה ֵּלאמֹר׃ :Hashem spoke to Moshe, saying 9 י ַ ּד ֵּבר ֶא ְּל־ב ֵני ִי ְשׂ ָר ֵאל ְו ָא ַמְר ָּת ֲא ֵל ֶהם Speak to B’nei Yisrael and say to them: When you 10 ִּכ ָי־ת ּבֹאו ֶא ָל־ה ָאֶרץ ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ֲא ִני ֵנֹתן enter the land that I am giving to you and you reap ָל ֶכם ּו ְק ַצְר ֶּתם ֶא ְת־ק ִצ ָיר ּה ַו ֲה ֵב ֶאתם its harvest, you shall bring the first sheaf of your ֶא ֶת־עֹמר ֵראשׁ ִ ית ְק ִצ ְיר ֶכם ֶא ַל־ה ּכ ֵֹהן׃ .harvest to the Kohen da-BAYR el b’-NAY yis-ra-AYL v’-a-mar-TA a-lay-HEM kee ta-VO-u el ha-A-retz a-SHER a-NEE no-TAYN la-KHEM uk-tzar-TEM et k’-tzee-RA va-ha-vay-TEM et O-mer ray-SHEET k’-tzee-r’-KHEM el ha-ko-HAYN

23:10 You shall bring the first sheaf of your harvest The may be eaten. According to the Sages (Kiddushin 38a), omer is an offering of barley brought to the Beit it was on the sixteenth of Nissan that the Israelites Hamikdash in Yerushalayim on the second day of Pesach, ran out of manna after it ceased to fall following the corresponding to the sixteenth day of the month of death of Moshe. The offering of the first grain in the Nissan. Only once this offering was brought, all grain Beit Hamikdash on that day each year reminds us of Barley growing in that had taken root prior to the time of the offering the eternal lesson of the manna. We dedicate a portion the Western Negev

79 ויקרא גכ Vayikra/Leviticus 23 רומא Emor Leviticus יא ְו ֵה ִניף ֶא ָת־ה ֶעֹמר ִל ְפ ֵני ְי ָהֹוה ִלְר ְצֹנ ֶכם He shall elevate the sheaf before Hashem for 11 ִמ ָּמ ֳחַרת ַהשַּׁ ָּבת ְי ִנ ֶיפ ּנּו ַה ּכ ֵֹהן׃ acceptance in your behalf; the Kohen shall elevate it on the day after theShabbat . יב ַו ֲע ִשׂ ֶיתם ְּביוֹם ֲה ִנ ְיפ ֶכם ֶא ָת־ה ֶעֹמר On the day that you elevate the sheaf, you shall 12 ֶּכ ֶבשׂ ָּת ִמים ֶּבן־שׁ ְ ָנתוֹ ְל ָעֹלה ַל ָיהֹוה׃ offer as a burnt offering toHashem a lamb of the first year without blemish. יג ּו ִמ ְנ ָחתוֹ שׁ ְ ֵני ֶע ְשׂ ִרֹנים ֶסֹלת ְּב ּלו ָלה The meal offering with it shall be two-tenths of 13 ַבשֶּׁ ֶמן ִאשֶּׁ ה ַל ָיהֹוה ֵר ַיח ִנ ַיחֹח ְו ִנ ְס ּכֹה a measure of choice flour with oil mixed in, an ַיִין ְר ִב ִיעת ַה ִהין׃ offering by fire of pleasing odor toHashem ; and the libation with it shall be of wine, a quarter of a hin. יד ְו ֶל ֶחם ְו ָק ִלי ְו ַכְר ֶמל לֹא ְתֹאכ ּלו ַעד־ Until that very day, until you have brought the 14 ֶע ֶצם ַה ּיוֹם ַהֶ ּזה ַעד ֲה ִב ֲיא ֶכם ֶא ָת־קְר ַּבן offering of your God, you shall eat no bread or ֱא ֵלֹה ֶיכם ֻח ַּקת ָעוֹלם ְל ֵדֹרֹת ֶיכם ְּבכֹל parched grain or fresh ears; it is a law for all time מֹשׁ ְ ֵבֹת ֶיכם׃ .throughout the ages in all your settlements

טו ּו ְס ַפְר ֶּתם ָל ֶכם ִמ ָּמ ֳחַרת ַהשַּׁ ָּבת ִמ ּיוֹם And from the day on which you bring the sheaf of 15 ֲה ִב ֲיא ֶכם ֶא ֶת־עֹמר ַה ְּת ּנו ָפה שׁ ֶ ַבע — elevation offering—the day after theShabbat שׁ ַ ָּבתוֹת ְּת ִמימֹת ִּת ְהֶי ָינה׃ you shall count off seven weeks. They must be complete: טז ַעד ִמ ָּמ ֳחַרת ַהשַּׁ ָּבת ַהשְּׁ ִב ִיעת ִּת ְס ְּפ ּרו you must count until the day after the seventh 16 ֲח ִמשִּׁ ים יוֹם ְו ִה ְקַר ְב ֶּתם ִמ ְנ ָחה ֲח ָדשׁ ָ ה week—fifty days; then you shall bring an offering of ַל ָיהֹוה׃ .new grain to Hashem יז ִמ ּמוֹשׁ ְ ֵבֹת ֶיכם ָּת ִב ּיא ּו ֶל ֶחם ְּת ּנו ָפה You shall bring from your settlements two loaves of 17 שׁ ְ ַּתִים שׁ ְ ֵני ֶע ְשׂ ִרֹנים ֶסֹלת ִּת ְהֶי ָינה bread as an elevation offering; each shall be made of ָח ֵמץ ֵּת ָא ֶפ ָינה ִּב ּכ ּוִרים ַל ָיהֹוה׃ two-tenths of a measure of choice flour, baked after leavening, as first fruits toHashem . יח ְו ִה ְקַר ְב ֶּתם ַע ַל־ה ֶּל ֶחם שׁ ִ ְב ַעת ְּכ ָב ִשׂים With the bread you shall present, as burnt offerings 18 ְּת ִמ ִימם ְּב ֵני שׁ ָ ָנה ּו ַפר ֶּב ָּן־ב ָקר ֶא ָחד ,to Hashem, seven yearling lambs without blemish ְו ֵא ִילם שׁ ְ ָנִים ִי ְה ּיו ָעֹלה ַל ָיהֹוה ּו ִמ ְנ ָח ָתם one bull of the herd, and two rams, with their ְו ִנ ְס ֵּכ ֶיהם ִאשֵּׁ ה ֵר ַיח ִ־נ ַיחֹח ַל ָיהֹוה׃ meal offerings and libations, an offering by fire of pleasing odor to Hashem. יט ַו ֲע ִשׂ ֶיתם ְשׂ ִע ִיר־עִ ּזים ֶא ָחד ְל ַח ָּטאת You shall also offer one he-goat as a sin offering and 19 ּושׁ ְ ֵני ְכ ָב ִשׂים ְּב ֵני שׁ ָ ָנה ְלֶז ַבח שׁ ְ ָל ִמים׃ .two yearling lambs as a sacrifice of well-being כ ְו ֵה ִניף ַה ּכ ֵֹהן ָאֹתם ַעל ֶל ֶחם ַה ִּב ּכ ּוִרים —TheKohen shall elevate these—the two lambs 20 ְּת ּנו ָפה ִל ְפ ֵני ְי ָהֹוה ַעל־שׁ ְ ֵני ְּכ ָב ִשׂים together with the bread of first fruits as an elevation ֶקֹדשׁ ִי ְה ּיו ַל ָיהֹוה ַל ּכ ֵֹהן׃ offering beforeHashem ; they shall be holy to Hashem, for the Kohen.

of our crops to our Creator before we eat from them effort required to produce it, our sustenance is really a ourselves, to remind us that no matter how hard we gift from God in heaven. work the land, and despite the tremendous human

80 ויקרא גכ Vayikra/Leviticus 23 רומא Emor Leviticus כא ּו ְקָר ֶאתם ְּב ֶע ֶצם ַה ּיוֹם ַהֶ ּזה ִמ ְקָרא־ On that same day you shall hold a celebration; it 21 ֶקֹדשׁ ִי ְהֶיה ָל ֶכם ָּכ ְל־מ ֶל ֶאכת ֲע ָבֹדה לֹא shall be a sacred occasion for you; you shall not ַת ֲע ּשׂו ֻח ַּקת ָעוֹלם ְּב ָכל־מוֹשׁ ְ ֵבֹת ֶיכם work at your occupations. This is a law for all time ְל ֵדֹרֹת ֶיכם׃ .in all your settlements, throughout the ages כב ּו ְב ֻק ְצְר ֶכם ֶא ְת־ק ִציר ַאְר ְצ ֶכם לֹא־ And when you reap the harvest of your land, you 22 ְת ַכ ֶּלה ְּפ ַאת ָשׂ ְד ָך ְּב ֻק ְצֶר ָך ְו ֶל ֶקט ,shall not reap all the way to the edges of your field ְק ִצ ְיר ָך לֹא ְת ַל ֵּקט ֶל ָע ִני ְו ַל ֵּגר ַּת ֲעזֹב or gather the gleanings of your harvest; you shall ָאֹתם ֲא ִני ְי ָהֹוה ֱא ֵלֹה ֶיכם׃ leave them for the poor and the stranger: I Hashem am your God. uv-kutz-r’-KHEM et k’-TZEER ar-tz’-KHEM lo t’-kha-LE p’-AT sa-d’-KHA b’-kutz-RE-kha v’-LE-ket k’-tzee-r’-KHA LO te-la-KAYT le-a-NEE v’-la-GAYR ta- a-ZOV o-TAM a-NEE a-do-NAI e-LO-hay-khem כג ַוְי ַד ֵּבר ְי ָהֹוה ֶאל־מֹשׁ ֶ ה ֵּלאמֹר׃ :Hashem spoke to Moshe, saying 23 כד ַ ּד ֵּבר ֶא ְּל־ב ֵני ִי ְשׂ ָר ֵאל ֵלאמֹר ַּב ֶחֹדשׁ ,Speak to B’nei Yisrael thus: In the seventh month 24 ַהשְּׁ ִב ִיעי ְּב ֶא ָחד ַל ֶחֹדשׁ ִי ְהֶיה ָל ֶכם on the first day of the month, you shall observe שׁ ַ ָּבתוֹן ִז ְכרוֹן ְּת ּרו ָעה ִמ ְקָר ֶא־קֹדשׁ ׃ complete rest, a sacred occasion commemorated with loud blasts. da-BAYR el b’-NAY yis-ra-AYL lay-MOR ba-KHO-desh ha-sh’-vee-EE b’-e-KHAD la-KHO-desh yih-YEH la-KHEM sha-ba-TON zikh-RON t’-ru-AH mik-ra KO-desh כה ָּכ ְל־מ ֶל ֶאכת ֲע ָבֹדה לֹא ַת ֲע ּשׂו You shall not work at your occupations; and you 25 ְו ִה ְקַר ְב ֶּתם ִאשֶּׁ ה ַל ָיהֹוה׃ . shall bring an offering by fire toHashem כו ַוְי ַד ֵּבר ְי ָהֹוה ֶאל־מֹשׁ ֶ ה ֵּלאמֹר׃ :Hashem spoke to Moshe, saying 26 כז ַא ְך ֶּב ָעשׂוֹר ַל ֶחֹדשׁ ַהשְּׁ ִב ִיעי ַהֶ ּזה יוֹם Mark, the tenth day of this seventh month is the 27 ַה ִּכ ֻּפִרים ּהוא ִמ ְקָר ֶא־קֹדשׁ ִי ְהֶיה ָל ֶכם Day of Atonement. It shall be a sacred occasion for ְו ִע ִנּ ֶיתם ֶא ַת־נ ְפשׁ ֵֹת ֶיכם ְו ִה ְקַר ְב ֶּתם you: you shall practice self-denial, and you shall ִאשֶּׁ ה ַל ָיהֹוה׃ ; bring an offering by fire toHashem

23:22 You shall not reap all the way to the edges 23:24 In the seventh month, on the first day of the of your field This verse describes some of the month This verse refers to the celebration of the agricultural laws reflecting the biblical notion of charity. holiday of Rosh Hashana, the Jewish New Year and the A farmer must leave a corner of his field unharvested, first of the High Holidays. The story is told of a small, and may also not collect stalks of grain that fall during uneducated child who did not know Hebrew, and thus harvesting. Similarly, forgotten sheaves of grain and could not participate in the Rosh Hashana services. He small grapes left on the vine must not be collected. desperately wanted to pray with the congregation on Instead, each of these portions of the harvest must be such a holy day, and so he entered the synagogue and left for the poor. These commandments only apply to hesitantly approached the Holy Ark. As the congregants farmers in Israel. Farmers outside of Eretz Yisrael may looked at him in confusion, he called out to Hashem by harvest their entire field, as reflected in the words “of simply reciting the letters of the Hebrew alphabet, the your land,” which refer specifically to the Land of Israel. only Hebrew familiar to him. There was not a person in This biblical imperative is still practiced in Israel today. the room who wasn’t moved by his pure desire to return Each season, farmers throughout Israel leave over to Hashem, and the gates of Heaven immediately opened millions of pounds of produce from the fields, which are to accept his prayers. Do not think that the road to heaven collected by volunteers and distributed to poor people is closed to you, God is always ready to welcome anyone all over the country. who sincerely desires to approach Him.

81 ויקרא גכ Vayikra/Leviticus 23 רומא Emor Leviticus כח ְו ָכ ְל־מ ָל ָאכה לֹא ַת ֲע ּשׂו ְּב ֶע ֶצם ַה ּיוֹם you shall do no work throughout that day. For it is a 28 ַהֶ ּזה ִּכי יוֹם ִּכ ֻּפִרים ּהוא ְל ַכ ֵּפר ֲע ֵל ֶיכם Day of Atonement, on which expiation is made on ִל ְפ ֵני ְי ָהֹוה ֱא ֵלֹה ֶיכם׃ .your behalf before Hashem your God כט ִּכי ָכ ַל־ה ֶנּ ֶפשׁ ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ְלֹא־ת ֻע ֶנּה ְּב ֶע ֶצם -Indeed, any person who does not practice self 29 ַה ּיוֹם ַהֶ ּזה ְו ִנ ְכְר ָתה ֵמ ַע ֶּמ ָיה׃ denial throughout that day shall be cut off from his kin; ל ְו ָכ ַל־ה ֶנּ ֶפשׁ ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ַּת ֲע ֶשׂה ָּכ ְל־מ ָל ָאכה ,and whoever does any work throughout that day 30 ְּב ֶע ֶצם ַה ּיוֹם ַהֶ ּזה ְו ַה ֲא ַב ְד ִּתי ֶא ַת־ה ֶנּ ֶפשׁ I will cause that person to perish from among his ַה ִהוא ִמ ֶּקֶרב ַע ָּמ ּה׃ .people לא ָּכ ְל־מ ָל ָאכה לֹא ַת ֲע ּשׂו ֻח ַּקת ָעוֹלם ,Do no work whatever; it is a law for all time 31 ְל ֵדֹרֹת ֶיכם ְּבכֹל מֹשׁ ְ ֵבֹת ֶיכם׃ .throughout the ages in all your settlements לב שׁ ַ ַּבת שׁ ַ ָּבתוֹן ּהוא ָל ֶכם ְו ִע ִנּ ֶיתם ֶאת־ It shall be a Shabbat of complete rest for you, and 32 ַנ ְפשׁ ֵֹת ֶיכם ְּב ִתשׁ ְ ָעה ַל ֶחֹדשׁ ָּב ֶעֶרב you shall practice self-denial; on the ninth day of ֵמ ֶעֶרב ַע ֶד־עֶרב ִּתשׁ ְ ְּב ּתו שׁ ַ ַּב ְּת ֶכם׃ the month at evening, from evening to evening, you shall observe this your Shabbat. לג ַוְי ַד ֵּבר ְי ָהֹוה ֶאל־מֹשׁ ֶ ה ֵּלאמֹר׃ :Hashem spoke to Moshe, saying 33 לד ַ ּד ֵּבר ֶא ְּל־ב ֵני ִי ְשׂ ָר ֵאל ֵלאמֹר ַּב ֲח ִמשָּׁ ה Say to B’nei Yisrael: On the fifteenth day of this 34 ָע ָשׂר יוֹם ַל ֶחֹדשׁ ַהשְּׁ ִב ִיעי ַהֶ ּזה ַחג seventh month there shall be the festival of Sukkot ַה ֻּס ּכוֹת שׁ ִ ְב ַעת ָי ִמים ַל ָיהֹוה׃ .to Hashem, [to last] seven days לה ַּב ּיוֹם ָהִראשׁ וֹן ִמ ְקָר ֶא־קֹדשׁ ָּכל־ The first day shall be a sacred occasion: you shall 35 ְמ ֶל ֶאכת ֲע ָבֹדה לֹא ַת ֲע ּשׂו׃ ;not work at your occupations לו שׁ ִ ְב ַעת ָי ִמים ַּת ְקִר ּיבו ִאשֶּׁ ה ַל ָיהֹוה seven days you shall bring offerings by fire to 36 ַּב ּיוֹם ַהשְּׁ ִמ ִיני ִמ ְקָר ֶא־קֹדשׁ ִי ְהֶיה ָל ֶכם Hashem. On the eighth day you shall observe a ְו ִה ְקַר ְב ֶּתם ִאשֶּׁ ה ַל ָיהֹוה ֲע ֶצֶרת ִהוא sacred occasion and bring an offering by fire to ָּכ ְל־מ ֶל ֶאכת ֲע ָבֹדה לֹא ַת ֲע ּשׂו׃ Hashem; it is a solemn gathering: you shall not work at your occupations. לז ֵא ֶּלה ֲמוֹע ֵדי ְי ָהֹוה ֲאשׁ ֶ ִּר־ת ְקְר ּאו ָאֹתם Those are the set times ofHashem that you shall 37 ִמ ְקָר ֵאי ֶקֹדשׁ ְל ַה ְקִריב ִאשֶּׁ ה ַל ָיהֹוה celebrate as sacred occasions, bringing offerings by ָעֹלה ּו ִמ ְנ ָחה ֶז ַבח ּו ְנ ָס ִכים ְ ּד ַבר־יוֹם ,fire toHashem —burnt offerings, meal offerings ְ ּביוֹ מוֹ ׃ sacrifices, and libations, on each day what is proper to it— לח ִמ ְּל ַבד שׁ ַ ְּבתֹת ְּי ָהוה ּו ִמ ְּל ַבד ַמ ְּת ֵנוֹת ֶיכם apart from the Shabbatot of Hashem, and apart 38 ּו ִמ ְּל ַבד ָּכ ִל־נ ְדֵר ֶיכם ּו ִמ ְּל ַבד ָּכל־ from your gifts and from all your votive offerings ִנ ְד ֵבוֹת ֶיכם ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ִּת ְּת ּנו ַל ָיהֹוה׃ and from all your freewill offerings that you give to Hashem. לט ַא ְך ַּב ֲח ִמשָּׁ ה ָע ָשׂר יוֹם ַל ֶחֹדשׁ ַהשְּׁ ִב ִיעי ,Mark, on the fifteenth day of the seventh month 39 ְּב ָא ְס ְּפ ֶכם ֶא ְּת־ת ּבו ַאת ָה ָאֶרץ ָּת ּחֹג ּו ,when you have gathered in the yield of your land

23:39 On the first day you shall take One of the us that these four species symbolize four different citron,’ which is both‘ ,(אתרוג) unique practices of the holiday of Sukkot is the personality types. The etrog taking of the four species. The Sages of the Midrash tell fragrant and tasty, represents a person who both knows

82 ויקרא גכ Vayikra/Leviticus 23 רומא Emor Leviticus ֶא ַת־ח ְג־י ָהֹוה שׁ ִ ְב ַעת ָי ִמים ַּב ּיוֹם [you shall observe the festival of Hashem [to last ָהִראשׁ וֹן שׁ ַ ָּבתוֹן ּו ַב ּיוֹם ַהשְּׁ ִמ ִיני seven days: a complete rest on the first day, and a שׁ ַ ָּבתוֹן׃ .complete rest on the eighth day AKH ba-kha-mi-SHAH a-SAR YOM la-KHO-desh ha-sh’-vee-EE b’-os-p’-KHEM et t’-vu-at ha-A-retz ta-KHO-gu et khag a-do-NAI shiv-AT ya-MEEM ba-YOM ha- ri-SHON sha-ba-TON u-va-YOM ha-sh’-mee-NEE sha-ba-TON מ ּו ְל ַק ְח ֶּתם ָל ֶכם ַּב ּיוֹם ָהִראשׁ וֹן ְּפִרי On the first day you shall take the product of hadar 40 ֵעץ ָה ָדר ַּכ ּפֹת ְּת ָמִרים ַו ֲע ַנף ֵע ָץ־עבֹת ,trees, branches of palm trees, boughs of leafy trees ְו ַעְר ֵב ָי־נ ַחל ּו ְשׂ ַמ ְח ֶּתם ִל ְפ ֵני ְי ָהֹוה and willows of the brook, and you shall rejoice ֱא ֵלֹה ֶיכם שׁ ִ ְב ַעת ָי ִמים׃ .before Hashem your God seven days ul-kakh-TEM la-KHEM ba-YOM ha-ri-SHON p’-REE AYTZ ha-DAR ka-POT t’-ma-REEM va-a-NAF aytz a-VOT v’-ar-VAY NA-khal us-makh-TEM lif-NAY a-do-NAI e-lo-hay-KHEM shiv-AT ya-MEEM מא ְו ַח ּג ֶֹתם אֹתוֹ ַחג ַל ָיהֹוה שׁ ִ ְב ַעת ָי ִמים You shall observe it as a festival of Hashem for seven 41 ַּבשָּׁ ָנה ֻח ַּקת ָעוֹלם ְל ֵדֹרֹת ֶיכם ַּב ֶחֹדשׁ days in the year; you shall observe it in the seventh ַהשְּׁ ִב ִיעי ָּת ּחֹג ּו אֹתוֹ׃ .month as a law for all time, throughout the ages מב ַּב ֻּס ּכֹת ֵּתשׁ ְ ּבו שׁ ִ ְב ַעת ָי ִמים ָּכ ָל־ה ֶאְזָרח You shall live in booths seven days; all citizens in 42 ְּבִי ְשׂ ָר ֵאל ֵישׁ ְ ּבו ַּב ֻּס ּכֹת׃ ,Yisrael shall live in booths מג ְל ַמ ַען ֵי ְד ּעו ֵדֹרֹת ֶיכם ִּכי ַב ֻּס ּכוֹת in order that future generations may know that I 43 הוֹשׁ ַ ְב ִּתי ֶא ְּת־ב ֵני ִי ְשׂ ָר ֵאל ְּב ִהוֹצ ִיאי made B’nei Yisrael live in booths when I brought ָאוֹתם ֵמ ֶאֶרץ ִמ ְצָרִים ֲא ִני ְי ָהֹוה .them out of the land of Egypt, I Hashem your God ֱא ֵלֹה ֶיכם׃ l’-MA-an yay-d’-U do-ro-tay-KHEM KEE va-su-KOT ho-SHAV-tee et b’-NAY yis- ra-AYL b’-ho-tzee-EE o-TAM may-E-retz mitz-RA-yim a-NEE a-do-NAI e-lo-hay- KHEM

year. Given the fact that Eretz Yisrael is very dependent ,(לולב) Torah and also performs good deeds. The lulav ‘palm branch,’ has tasty fruit but no aroma, and thus on rainfall, it seems that Sukkot should be a solemn time represents a person who has knowledge of Torah, but and not one of joyous celebration. What is the reason does not perform good deeds. Conversely, the hadas for such festivity? By making His people dependent on myrtle branch,’ has a pleasant smell but no taste, rainfall which comes from heaven, Hashem ensures that‘ ,(הדס) representing a person who does good deeds, but lacks they must maintain a close connection with Him willow branch,’ through prayer at all times. It is the constant connection‘ ,(ערבה) Torah knowledge. And the arava which lacks both smell and taste, represents a person with the Almighty, by virtue of His children’s continued The four species who has neither Torah nor good deeds. By taking these dependence on Him, which is the cause for great different species and holding them together, we celebration on Sukkot. emphasize the importance of everyone, with all of their strengths and weaknesses, coming together and uniting 23:43 In order that future generations may know The in the service of the one true God. holiday of Sukkot recalls the protective shelter Hashem provided to the People of Israel in the desert. By 23:40 You shall rejoice before Hashem your God following Him into the wilderness, they demonstrated seven days Sukkot, the Feast of Tabernacles, was their unshakable faith in the Lord and their unwavering the most joyous of the festivals observed in the Beit love for Him, as it says in Yirmiyahu (2:2) “Thus said Hamikdash. According to the Sages (Rosh Hashana 16a), Hashem: I accounted to your favor the devotion of your A sukkah in on Sukkot, however, Hashem judges the people for water youth, your love as a bride, how you followed Me in the Kibbutz Ein Hanatziv and determines how much rain will fall in the coming wilderness, in a land not sown.” By leaving their sturdy

83 ויקרא דכ Vayikra/Leviticus 24 רומא Emor Leviticus מד ַוְי ַד ֵּבר מֹשׁ ֶ ה ֶא ֲת־מֹע ֵדי ְי ָהֹוה ֶא ְּל־ב ֵני So Moshe declared to the Israelites the set times of 44 ִי ְשׂ ָר ֵאל׃ .Hashem כד א ַוְי ַד ֵּבר ְי ָהֹוה ֶאל־מֹשׁ ֶ ה ֵּלאמֹר׃ :Hashem spoke to Moshe, saying 1 24 ב ַצו ֶא ְּת־ב ֵני ִי ְשׂ ָר ֵאל ְוִי ְק ּחו ֵא ֶל ָיך שׁ ֶ ֶמן Command B’nei Yisrael to bring you clear oil 2 ַזִית ָז ְך ָּכ ִתית ַל ָּמאוֹר ְל ַה ֲעלֹת ֵנר ָּת ִמיד׃ of beaten olives for lighting, for kindling lamps regularly. ג ִמ ּחוץ ְל ָפ ֶרֹכת ָה ֵע ֻדת ְּב ֶאֹהל ֵמוֹעד Aharon shall set them up in the Tent of Meeting 3 ַי ֲע ְרֹך אֹתוֹ ַא ֲהרֹן ֵמ ֶעֶרב ַע ּד־ב ֶֹקר ִל ְפ ֵני outside the curtain of the Pact [to burn] from ְי ָהֹוה ָּת ִמיד ֻח ַּקת ָעוֹלם ְל ֵדֹרֹת ֶיכם׃ evening to morning before Hashem regularly; it is a law for all time throughout the ages. ד ַעל ַה ְּמ ָנֹרה ַה ְּט ָהֹרה ַי ֲע ְרֹך ֶא ַת־ה ֵנּרוֹת He shall set up the lamps on the pure menorah 4 ִל ְפ ֵני ְי ָהֹוה ָּת ִמיד׃ .before Hashem [to burn] regularly ה ְו ָל ַק ְח ָּת ֶסֹלת ְו ָא ִפ ָית ָאֹת ּה שׁ ְ ֵּתים You shall take choice flour and bake of it twelve 5 ֶע ְשׂ ֵרה ַח ּלוֹת שׁ ְ ֵני ֶע ְשׂ ִרֹנים ִי ְהֶיה ַה ַח ָּלה .loaves, two-tenths of a measure for each loaf ָה ֶא ָחת׃ ו ְו ַשׂ ְמ ָּת ָאוֹתם שׁ ְ ַּתִים ַמ ֲעָרכוֹת שׁ ֵ שׁ Place them on the pure table before Hashem in two 6 ַה ַּמ ֲעָר ֶכת ַעל ַהשֻּׁ ְל ָחן ַה ָּטהֹר ִל ְפ ֵני .rows, six to a row ְי ָהֹוה׃ ז ְו ָנ ַת ָּת ַע ַל־ה ַּמ ֲעֶר ֶכת ְל ָבֹנה ַז ָּכה ְו ָהְי ָתה ,With each row you shall place pure frankincense 7 ַל ֶּל ֶחם ְל ַאְז ָּכָרה ִאשֶּׁ ה ַל ָיהֹוה׃ which is to be a token offering for the bread, as an offering by fire toHashem . ח ְּביוֹם ַהשַּׁ ָּבת ְּביוֹם ַהשַּׁ ָּבת ַי ַעְר ֶכ ּנּו ִל ְפ ֵני He shall arrange them before Hashem regularly 8 ְי ָהֹוה ָּת ִמיד ֵמ ֵאת ְּב ֵנ ִי־י ְשׂ ָר ֵאל ְּבִרית every Shabbat day—it is a commitment for all time ָעוֹלם׃ .on the part of the Israelites b’-YOM ha-sha-BAT b’-YOM ha-sha-BAT ya-ar-KHE-nu lif-NAY a-do-NAI ta- MEED may-AYT b’-nay yis-ra-AYL b’-REET o-LAM ט ְו ָהְי ָתה ְל ַא ֲהרֹן ּו ְל ָב ָניו ַו ֲא ָכ ֻל ּהו ְּב ָמקוֹם They shall belong toAharon and his sons, who shall 9 ָקדֹשׁ ִּכי ֶקֹדשׁ ָק ָדשׁ ִ ים ּהוא לוֹ ֵמ ִאשֵּׁ י eat them in the sacred precinct; for they are his as ְי ָהֹוה ָח ָק־עוֹלם׃ most holy things from Hashem’s offerings by fire, a due for all time.

homes and eating and sleeping in a sukkah for the seven of Israel desist from activities related to earning their days of the holiday, future generations demonstrate livelihood and focus instead on their relationship with the their unshakeable trust in Hashem and their faith that Almighty, Aharon sets the bread before Hashem, reflecting He will continue to take care of them throughout all the understanding that it is He who ultimately provides of their challenges and tribulations, just as He did in mankind with their physical sustenance. Both the bread of‘ (לחם הפנים) the wilderness. menorah and the lechem hapanim display,’ or ‘shewbread,’ are a constant presence in the Beit 24:8 He shall arrange them before Hashem Hamikdash. The light of the lamp symbolizes the spiritual regularly Just as Aharon arranges the candles of life of the people, while bread symbolizes the physical the Temple menorah (Numbers 8:2-3), he is to arrange realm. When the People of Israel rest on the Shabbat and the twelve loaves of bread every Shabbat as a focus on matters of the soul, God ensures that their “commitment for all time.” On the day that the Children physical well-being will be taken care of as well.

84 ויקרא דכ Vayikra/Leviticus 24 רומא Emor Leviticus י ַוֵּי ֵצא ֶּב ִן־אשָּׁ ה ִי ְשׂ ְר ֵא ִלית ְו ּהוא ֶּב ִן־אישׁ There came out among the Israelites one whose 10 ִמ ְצִרי ְּב ְתוֹך ְּב ֵני ִי ְשׂ ָר ֵאל ַוִּי ָנּ ּצו ַּב ַּמ ֲח ֶנה mother was Israelite and whose father was ֶּבן ַהִּי ְשׂ ְר ֵא ִלית ְו ִאישׁ ַהִּי ְשׂ ְר ֵא ִלי׃ Egyptian. And a fight broke out in the camp between that half-Israelite and a certain Israelite. יא ַוִּי ּקֹב ֶּב ָן־ה ִאשָּׁ ה ַהִּי ְשׂ ְר ֵא ִלית ֶא ַת־השֵּׁ ם The son of the Israelite woman pronounced 11 ַוְי ַק ֵּלל ַוָּי ִב ּיאו אֹתוֹ ֶאל־מֹשׁ ֶ ה ְושׁ ֵ ם ִא ּמוֹ the Name in blasphemy, and he was brought to שׁ ְ ִלֹמית ַּב ִ ּת־ד ְבִרי ְל ַמ ֵּט ָה־דן׃ Moshe—now his mother’s name was Shelomith daughter of Dibri of the tribe of Dan— יב ַוַּי ִנּ ֻיח ּהו ַּב ִּמשׁ ְ ָמר ִל ְפרֹשׁ ָל ֶהם ַע ִּל־פי and he was placed in custody, until the decision of 12 ְי ָהֹוה׃ .Hashem should be made clear to them יג ַוְי ַד ֵּבר ְי ָהֹוה ֶאל־מֹשׁ ֶ ה ֵּלאמֹר׃ :And Hashem spoke to Moshe, saying 13 יד ֵהוֹצא ֶא ַת־ה ְמ ַק ֵּלל ֶא ִל־מ ּחוץ ַל ַּמ ֲח ֶנה Take the blasphemer outside the camp; and let all 14 ְו ָס ְמ ּכו ָכ ַל־השּׁ ְֹמ ִעים ֶא ְת־י ֵד ֶיהם ַעל־ who were within hearing lay their hands upon his רֹאשׁ וֹ ְוָר ְג ּמו אֹתוֹ ָּכ ָל־ה ֵע ָדה׃ .head, and let the whole community stone him טו ְו ֶא ְּל־ב ֵני ִי ְשׂ ָר ֵאל ְּת ַד ֵּבר ֵלאמֹר ִאישׁ And to B’nei Yisrael speak thus: Anyone who 15 ִאישׁ ִּכ ְי־י ַק ֵּלל ֱא ָלֹהיו ְו ָנ ָשׂא ֶח ְטאוֹ׃ ;blasphemes his God shall bear his guilt טז ְו ֵנֹקב שׁ ֵ ְם־י ָהֹוה מוֹת ּיו ָמת ָרגוֹם ִיְר ְּג ּמו־ if he also pronounces the name Hashem, he shall 16 בוֹ ָּכ ָל־ה ֵע ָדה ַּכ ֵּגר ָּכ ֶאְזָרח ְּב ָנ ְקבוֹ־שׁ ֵ ם be put to death. The whole community shall stone ּיו ָמת׃ him; stranger or citizen, if he has thus pronounced the Name, he shall be put to death. יז ְו ִאישׁ ִּכי ַי ֶּכה ָּכ ֶל־נ ֶפשׁ ָא ָדם מוֹת ּיו ָמת׃ If anyone kills any human being, he shall be put to 17 death. יח ּו ַמ ֵּכה ֶנ ֶפשׁ ְּ־ב ֵה ָמה ְישׁ ַ ְּל ֶמ ָנּה ֶנ ֶפשׁ ַּת ַחת :One who kills a beast shall make restitution for it 18 ָ נ ֶ פ שׁ ׃ .life for life יט ְו ִאישׁ ִּכ ִי־י ֵּתן ּמום ַּב ֲע ִמיתוֹ ַּכ ֲאשׁ ֶ ר If anyone maims his fellow, as he has done so shall it 19 ָע ָשׂה ֵּכן ֵי ָע ֶשׂה ּלוֹ׃ :be done to him כ שׁ ֶ ֶבר ַּת ַחת שׁ ֶ ֶבר ַעִין ַּת ַחת ַעִין שׁ ֵ ן .fracture for fracture, eye for eye, tooth for tooth 20 ַּת ַחת שׁ ֵ ן ַּכ ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ִי ֵּתן ּמום ָּב ָא ָדם ֵּכן The injury he inflicted on another shall be inflicted ִי ָנּ ֶתן ּבוֹ ׃ .on him כא ּו ַמ ֵּכה ְב ֵה ָמה ְישׁ ַ ְּל ֶמ ָנּה ּו ַמ ֵּכה ָא ָדם ;One who kills a beast shall make restitution for it 21 ּיו ָמת׃ but one who kills a human being shall be put to death. כב ִמשׁ ְ ַּפט ֶא ָחד ִי ְהֶיה ָל ֶכם ַּכ ֵּגר ָּכ ֶאְזָרח You shall have one standard for stranger and citizen 22 ִי ְהֶיה ִּכי ֲא ִני ְי ָהֹוה ֱא ֵלֹה ֶיכם׃ .alike: for I Hashem am your God כג ַוְי ַד ֵּבר מֹשׁ ֶ ה ֶא ְּל־ב ֵני ִי ְשׂ ָר ֵאל ַו ּי ִוֹצ ּיאו Moshe spoke thus to the Israelites. And they took 23 ֶא ַת־ה ְמ ַק ֵּלל ֶא ִל־מ ּחוץ ַל ַּמ ֲח ֶנה ַוִּיְר ְּג ּמו the blasphemer outside the camp and pelted him אֹתוֹ ָא ֶבן ּו ְב ֵנ ִי־י ְשׂ ָר ֵאל ָע ּשׂו ַּכ ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ִצָּוה with stones. The Israelites did asHashem had ְי ָהֹוה ֶאת־מֹשׁ ֶ ה׃ .commanded Moshe

85 בהר

ויקרא הכ Vayikra/Leviticus 25 Behar רהב Behar Leviticus כה אא ַוְי ַד ֵּבר ְי ָהֹוה ֶאל־מֹשׁ ֶ ה ְּב ַהר ִס ַיני ֵלאמֹר׃ :Hashem spoke to Moshe on Har Sinai 1 25 ב ַ ּד ֵּבר ֶא ְּל־ב ֵני ִי ְשׂ ָר ֵאל ְו ָא ַמְר ָּת ֲא ֵל ֶהם ִּכי Speak to B’nei Yisrael and say to them: When you 2 ָת ּבֹאו ֶא ָל־ה ָאֶרץ ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ֲא ִני ֵנֹתן ָל ֶכם enter the land that I assign to you, the land shall ְושׁ ָ ְב ָתה ָה ָאֶרץ שׁ ַ ָּבת ַל ָיהֹוה׃ .observe a Shabbat of Hashem ג שׁ ֵ שׁ שׁ ָ ִנים ִּתְזַרע ָשׂ ֶד ָך ְושׁ ֵ שׁ שׁ ָ ִנים Six years you may sow your field and six years you 3 ִּתְזמֹר ַּכְר ֶמ ָך ְו ָא ַס ְפ ָּת ֶא ְּת־ת ּבו ָא ָת ּה׃ .may prune your vineyard and gather in the yield ד ּו ַבשָּׁ ָנה ַהשְּׁ ִב ִיעת שׁ ַ ַּבת שׁ ַ ָּבתוֹן ִי ְהֶיה But in the seventh year the land shall have a Shabbat 4 ָל ָאֶרץ שׁ ַ ָּבת ַל ָיהֹוה ָשׂ ְד ָך לֹא ִתְזָרע of complete rest, a Shabbat of Hashem: you shall not ְו ַכְר ְמ ָך לֹא ִתְזמֹר׃ .sow your field or prune your vineyard ה ֵאת ְס ִפ ַיח ְק ִצ ְיר ָך לֹא ִת ְקצוֹר ְו ֶאת־ You shall not reap the aftergrowth of your harvest 5 ִע ְנּ ֵבי ְנִז ֶיר ָך לֹא ִת ְבצֹר שׁ ְ ַנת שׁ ַ ָּבתוֹן or gather the grapes of your untrimmed vines; it ִי ְהֶיה ָל ָאֶרץ׃ .shall be a year of complete rest for the land ו ְו ָהְי ָתה שׁ ַ ַּבת ָה ָאֶרץ ָל ֶכם ְל ָא ְכ ָלה ְל ָך But you may eat whatever the land during its 6 ּו ְל ַע ְב ְ ּד ָך ְו ַל ֲא ָמ ֶת ָך ְו ִל ְשׂ ִכ ְיר ָך ּו ְלתוֹשׁ ָ ְב ָך Shabbat will produce—you, your male and female ַה ָּגִרים ִע ָּמ ְך׃ slaves, the hired and bound laborers who live with you, ז ְו ִל ְב ֶה ְמ ְּת ָך ְו ַל ַחָּיה ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ְּב ַאְר ֶצ ָך ִּת ְהֶיה and your cattle and the beasts in your land may eat 7 ָכ ְּל־ת ּבו ָא ָת ּה ֶל ֱאכֹל׃ .all its yield ח ְו ָס ַפְר ָּת ְל ָך שׁ ֶ ַבע שׁ ַ ְּבתֹת שׁ ָ ִנים שׁ ֶ ַבע You shall count off seven weeks of years—seven 8 שׁ ָ ִנים שׁ ֶ ַבע ְּפ ָע ִמים ְו ָה ּיו ְל ָך ְי ֵמי שׁ ֶ ַבע times seven years—so that the period of seven שׁ ַ ְּבתֹת ַהשָּׁ ִנים ֵּתשׁ ַ ע ְו ַאְר ָּב ִעים שׁ ָ ָנה׃ .weeks of years gives you a total of forty-nine years ט ְו ַה ֲע ַבְר ָּת שׁ ַוֹפר ְּת ּרו ָעה ַּב ֶחֹדשׁ ַהשְּׁ ִב ִעי Then you shall sound theshofar loud; in the seventh 9 ֶּב ָעשׂוֹר ַל ֶחֹדשׁ ְּביוֹם ַה ִּכ ֻּפִרים ַּת ֲע ִב ּירו month, on the tenth day of the month—the Day שׁ ָוֹפר ְּב ָכ ַל־אְר ְצ ֶכם׃ of Atonement—you shall have the shofar sounded throughout your land י ְו ִק ַ ּדשׁ ְ ֶּתם ֵאת שׁ ְ ַנת ַה ֲח ִמשִּׁ ים שׁ ָ ָנה and you shall hallow the fiftieth year. You shall 10 ּו ְקָר ֶאתם ְ ּדרוֹר ָּב ָאֶרץ ְל ָכל־יֹשׁ ְ ֶב ָיה proclaim release throughout the land for all its ֵיוֹבל ִהוא ִּת ְהֶיה ָל ֶכם ְושׁ ַ ְב ֶּתם ִאישׁ inhabitants. It shall be a jubilee for you: each of ֶא ֲל־א ֻחָ ּזתוֹ ְו ִאישׁ ֶא ִל־משׁ ְ ַּפ ְח ּתוֹ you shall return to his holding and each of you ָ ּ ת שׁ ֻ ב ּו ׃ .shall return to his family v’-ki-dash-TEM AYT sh’-NAT ha-kha-mi-SHEEM sha-NAH uk-ra-TEM d’-ROR ba-A-retz l’-khol yo-sh’-VE-ha yo-VAYL HEE tih-YEH la-KHEM v’-shav-TEM EESH el a-khu-za-TO v’-EESH el mish-pakh-TO ta-SHU-vu

25:10 You shall proclaim release throughout the the abolitionists in the 1830’s, when it was also given land The Liberty Bell is an icon of American the name ‘Liberty Bell.’ It has remained a symbol of independence. Commissioned in 1751 for the freedom and liberty ever since. In recognition of their Pennsylvania State House, the bell was cast with the shared Judeo-Christian values, the State of Israel built a words “proclaim liberty throughout all the land unto all replica of the Liberty Bell and placed it in the center of the inhabitants thereof,” taken from this verse. Because Jerusalem as a symbol the special bond between the Liberty Bell Park of this inscription, it was made a symbol of freedom by two countries. in Jerusalem

86 ויקרא הכ Vayikra/Leviticus 25 רהב Behar Leviticus יא ֵיוֹבל ִהוא שׁ ְ ַנת ַה ֲח ִמשִּׁ ים שׁ ָ ָנה ִּת ְהֶיה That fiftieth year shall be a jubilee for you: you shall 11 ָל ֶכם לֹא ִתְזָר ּעו ְולֹא ִת ְק ְצ ּרו ֶאת־ not sow, neither shall you reap the aftergrowth or ְס ִפ ֶיח ָיה ְולֹא ִת ְב ְצ ּרו ֶא ְת־נִזֶר ָיה׃ ,harvest the untrimmed vines יב ִּכי ֵיוֹבל ִהוא ֶקֹדשׁ ִּת ְהֶיה ָל ֶכם ִמן־ for it is a jubilee. It shall be holy to you: you may 12 ַה ָּשׂ ֶדה ּת ְֹאכ ּלו ֶא ְּת־ת ּבו ָא ָת ּה׃ .only eat the growth direct from the field יג ִּבשׁ ְ ַנת ַה ּי ֵוֹבל ַה ּזֹאת ָּתשׁ ֻ ּבו ִאישׁ ֶאל־ In this year of jubilee, each of you shall return to his 13 ֲא ֻח ָ ּזתוֹ ׃ .holding יד ְו ִכ ִי־ת ְמ ְּכ ּרו ִמ ְמ ָּכר ַל ֲע ִמ ֶית ָך אוֹ ָקנֹה When you sell property to your neighbor, or buy 14 ִמַּיד ֲע ִמ ֶית ָך ַא ּל־ת ּוֹנו ִאישׁ ֶא ָת־א ִחיו׃ any from your neighbor, you shall not wrong one another. טו ְּב ִמ ְס ַּפר שׁ ָ ִנים ַא ַחר ַה ּי ֵוֹבל ִּת ְק ֶנה ֵמ ֵאת In buying from your neighbor, you shall deduct 15 ֲע ִמ ֶית ָך ְּב ִמ ְס ַּפר שׁ ְ ֵנ ְי־ת ּבואֹת ִי ְמ ָּכ ָר־ל ְך׃ only for the number of years since the jubilee; and in selling to you, he shall charge you only for the remaining crop years: טז ְל ִפי רֹב ַהשָּׁ ִנים ַּתְר ֶּבה ִמ ְק ָנתוֹ ּו ְל ִפי ;the more such years, the higher the price you pay 16 ְמעֹט ַהשָּׁ ִנים ַּת ְמ ִעיט ִמ ְק ָנתוֹ ִּכי ִמ ְס ַּפר the fewer such years, the lower the price; for what ְּת ּבואֹת ּהוא ֵמֹכר ָל ְך׃ .he is selling you is a number of harvests יז ְולֹא ּתוֹנו ִאישׁ ֶא ֲת־ע ִמיתוֹ ְוָיֵר ָאת Do not wrong one another, but fear your God; for I 17 ֵמ ֱא ֶלֹה ָיך ִּכי ֲא ִני ְי ָהֹוה ֱא ֵלֹה ֶיכם׃ .Hashem am your God יח ַו ֲע ִשׂ ֶיתם ֶא ֻת־ח ּק ַֹתי ְו ֶא ִת־משׁ ְ ָּפ ַטי You shall observe My laws and faithfully keep My 18 ִּתשׁ ְ ְמ ּרו ַו ֲע ִשׂ ֶיתם ָאֹתם ִוישׁ ַ ְב ֶּתם ַעל־ ;rules, that you may live upon the land in security ָה ָאֶרץ ָל ֶב ַטח׃ יט ְו ָנ ְת ָנה ָה ָאֶרץ ִּפְרָי ּה ַו ֲא ַכ ְל ֶּתם ָל ַשֹׂבע the land shall yield its fruit and you shall eat your 19 ִוישׁ ַ ְב ֶּתם ָל ֶב ַטח ָע ֶל ָיה׃ .fill, and you shall live upon it in security כ ְו ִכי ְתֹאמ ּרו ַמ ַה־נֹּאכל ַּבשָּׁ ָנה ַהשְּׁ ִב ִיעת And should you ask, “What are we to eat in the 20 ֵהן לֹא ִנְזָרע ְולֹא ֶנ ֱאסֹף ֶא ְּת־ת ּבו ָא ֵת ּנו׃ seventh year, if we may neither sow nor gather in our crops?” כא ְו ִצִּו ִיתי ֶא ִּת־בְר ָכ ִתי ָל ֶכם ַּבשָּׁ ָנה ,I will ordain My blessing for you in the sixth year 21 ַהשִּׁ שִּׁ ית ְו ָע ָשׂת ֶא ַת־ה ְּת ּבו ָאה ִלשׁ ְ לֹשׁ .so that it shall yield a crop sufficient for three years ַהשָּׁ ִנים׃ v’-tzi-VEE-tee et bir-kha-TEE la-KHEM ba-sha-NAH ha-shi-SHEET v’-a-SAT et ha-t’-vu-AH lish-LOSH ha-sha-NEEM

25:21 I will ordain My blessing for you in the sixth it shall yield a crop sufficient for three years.” No human year Chapter 25 describes the blessing of the being would ever make such an audacious guarantee – Sabbatical year, which is often cited as one of the essentially sentencing the entire nation to starve every proofs of the Divinity of the Bible. Verses 20-21 state, seventh year. Certainly, after one failed cycle, no one “And should you ask, ‘What are we to eat in the seventh would obey the Sabbatical restrictions again. Only the year, if we may neither sow nor gather in our crops?’ I one true God could make and keep such a grandiose will ordain My blessing for you in the sixth year, so that promise.

87 ויקרא הכ Vayikra/Leviticus 25 רהב Behar Leviticus כב ּוְזַר ְע ֶּתם ֵאת ַהשָּׁ ָנה ַהשְּׁ ִמ ִינת ַו ֲא ַכ ְל ֶּתם When you sow in the eighth year, you will still be 22 ִמ ַן־ה ְּת ּבו ָאה ָישׁ ָ ן ַעד ַהשָּׁ ָנה ַה ְּתשׁ ִ ִיעת eating old grain of that crop; you will be eating the ַע ּד־בוֹא ְּת ּבו ָא ָת ּה ּת ְֹאכ ּלו ָישׁ ָ ן׃ .old until the ninth year, until its crops come in

כג ְו ָה ָאֶרץ לֹא ִת ָּמ ֵכר ִל ְצ ִמ ֻתת ִּכ ִי־לי But the land must not be sold beyond reclaim, for 23 ָה ָאֶרץ ִּכ ֵי־גִרים ְותוֹשׁ ָ ִבים ַא ֶּתם ִע ָּמ ִדי׃ the land is Mine; you are but strangers resident with Me. כד ּו ְבכֹל ֶאֶרץ ֲא ֻחַ ּז ְת ֶכם ְּג ֻא ָּלה ִּת ְּת ּנו Throughout the land that you hold, you must 24 ָל ָאֶרץ׃ .provide for the redemption of the land כה ִּכ ָי־י ּמו ְך ָא ִח ָיך ּו ָמ ַכר ֵמ ֲא ֻחָ ּזתוֹ ּו ָבא If your kinsman is in straits and has to sell part of 25 ֲגֹאלוֹ ַה ָּקרֹב ֵא ָליו ְו ָג ַאל ֵאת ִמ ְמ ַּכר his holding, his nearest redeemer shall come and ָא ִחיו׃ .redeem what his kinsman has sold

כו ְו ִאישׁ ִּכי לֹא ִי ְהֶי ּה־לוֹ ּג ֵֹאל ְו ִה ִּשׂ ָיגה ָידוֹ If a man has no one to redeem for him, but prospers 26 ּו ָמ ָצא ְּכ ֵדי ְג ֻא ָּלתוֹ׃ ,and acquires enough to redeem with כז ְו ִחשַּׁ ב ֶאת־שׁ ְ ֵני ִמ ְמ ָּכרוֹ ְו ֵהשׁ ִ יב ֶאת־ he shall compute the years since its sale, refund 27 ָה ֵעֹדף ָל ִאישׁ ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ָמ ַכר־לוֹ ְושׁ ָ ב the difference to the man to whom he sold it, and ַל ֲא ֻח ָ ּזתוֹ ׃ .return to his holding כח ְו ִאם ָלֹא־מ ְצ ָאה ָידוֹ ֵ ּדי ָהשׁ ִ יב לוֹ ְו ָהָיה If he lacks sufficient means to recover it, what 28 ִמ ְמ ָּכרוֹ ְּבַיד ַה ּק ֶֹנה אֹתוֹ ַעד שׁ ְ ַנת ַה ּי ֵוֹבל he sold shall remain with the purchaser until the ְוָי ָצא ַּב ּי ֵֹבל ְושׁ ָ ב ַל ֲא ֻחָ ּזתוֹ׃ jubilee; in the jubilee year it shall be released, and he shall return to his holding. כט ְו ִאישׁ ִּכ ִי־י ְמ ּכֹר ֵּבית־מוֹשׁ ַ ב ִעיר ָחוֹמה If a man sells a dwelling house in a walled city, it 29 ְו ָהְי ָתה ְּג ֻא ָּלתוֹ ַע ּד־תֹם שׁ ְ ַנת ִמ ְמ ָּכרוֹ may be redeemed until a year has elapsed since its ָי ִמים ִּת ְהֶיה ְג ֻא ָּלתוֹ׃ .sale; the redemption period shall be a year ל ְו ִאם ִלֹא־י ָּג ֵאל ַע ְד־מלֹאת לוֹ שׁ ָ ָנה ,If it is not redeemed before a full year has elapsed 30 ְת ִמ ָימה ְו ָקם ַה ַּבִית ֲאשׁ ֶ ָּר־ב ִעיר ֲאשׁ ֶ ר־ the house in the walled city shall pass to the לא ]לוֹ[ ָחֹמה ַל ְּצ ִמ ֻיתת ַל ּק ֶֹנה אֹתוֹ purchaser beyond reclaim throughout the ages; it ְל ָדֹרֹתיו לֹא ֵי ֵצא ַּב ּי ֵֹבל׃ .shall not be released in the jubilee לא ּו ָב ֵּתי ַה ֲח ֵצִרים ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ֵא ָין־ל ֶהם ָחֹמה But houses in villages that have no encircling walls 31 ָס ִביב ַע ְל־שׂ ֵדה ָה ָאֶרץ ֵי ָחשׁ ֵ ב ְּג ֻא ָּלה shall be classed as open country: they may be ִּת ְהֶי ּה־לוֹ ּו ַב ּי ֵֹבל ֵי ֵצא׃ redeemed, and they shall be released through the jubilee. לב ְו ָעֵרי ַה ְלִוִּים ָּב ֵּתי ָעֵרי ֲא ֻחָ ּז ָתם ְּג ֻא ַּלת As for the cities of the Leviim, the houses in the 32 ָעוֹלם ִּת ְהֶיה ַל ְלִוִּים׃ cities they hold—the Leviim shall forever have the right of redemption. לג ַו ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ִי ְג ַאל ִמ ַן־ה ְלִוִּים ְוָי ָצא ִמ ְמ ַּכר־ Such property as may be redeemed from the 33 ַּבִית ְו ִעיר ֲא ֻחָ ּזתוֹ ַּב ּי ֵֹבל ִּכי ָב ֵּתי ָעֵרי Leviim—houses sold in a city they hold—shall be ַה ְלִוִּים ִהוא ֲא ֻחָ ּז ָתם ְּב ְתוֹך ְּב ֵני ִי ְשׂ ָר ֵאל׃ released through the jubilee; for the houses in the cities of the Leviim are their holding among the Israelites.

88 ויקרא הכ Vayikra/Leviticus 25 רהב Behar Leviticus לד ּו ְשׂ ֵדה ִמ ְגַרשׁ ָעֵר ֶיהם לֹא ִי ָּמ ֵכר ִּכי־ But the unenclosed land about their cities cannot 34 ֲא ֻחַ ּזת ָעוֹלם ּהוא ָל ֶהם׃ .be sold, for that is their holding for all time לה ְו ִכ ָי־י ּמו ְך ָא ִח ָיך ּו ָמ ָטה ָידוֹ ִע ָּמ ְך If your kinsman, being in straits, comes under your 35 ְו ֶה ֱחַז ְק ָּת ּבוֹ ֵּגר ְותוֹשׁ ָ ב ָו ַחי ִע ָּמ ְך׃ authority, and you hold him as though a resident alien, let him live by your side: לו ַא ִּל־ת ַּקח ֵמ ִא ּתוֹ ֶנשׁ ֶ ְך ְו ַתְר ִּבית ְוָיֵר ָאת ,do not exact from him advance or accrued interest 36 ֵמ ֱא ֶלֹה ָיך ְו ֵחי ָא ִח ָיך ִע ָּמ ְך׃ but fear your God. Let him live by your side as your kinsman. לז ֶא ַּת־כ ְס ְּפ ָך ִלֹא־ת ֵּתן לוֹ ְּב ֶנשׁ ֶ ְך ּו ְב ַמְר ִּבית Do not lend him your money at advance interest, or 37 ִלֹא־ת ֵּתן ָא ְכ ֶל ָך׃ .give him your food at accrued interest לח ֲא ִני ְי ָהֹוה ֱא ֵלֹה ֶיכם ֲאשׁ ֶ ֵר־הוֹצ ִאתי I Hashem am your God, who brought you out of the 38 ֶא ְת ֶכם ֵמ ֶאֶרץ ִמ ְצָרִים ָל ֵתת ָל ֶכם ֶאת־ land of Egypt, to give you the land of Canaan, to be ֶאֶרץ ְּכ ַנ ַען ִל ְהיוֹת ָל ֶכם ֵל ִאלֹהים׃ .your God לט ְו ִכ ָי־י ּמו ְך ָא ִח ָיך ִע ָּמ ְך ְו ִנ ְמ ַּכ ָר־ל ְך לֹא־ If your kinsman under you continues in straits and 39 ַת ֲעבֹד ּבוֹ ֲע ַבֹדת ָע ֶבד׃ must give himself over to you, do not subject him to the treatment of a slave. מ ְּכ ָשׂ ִכיר ְּכתוֹשׁ ָ ב ִי ְהֶיה ִע ָּמ ְך ַעד־שׁ ְ ַנת He shall remain with you as a hired or bound 40 ַה ּי ֵֹבל ַי ֲעבֹד ִע ָּמ ְך׃ laborer; he shall serve with you only until the jubilee year. מא ְוָי ָצא ֵמ ִע ָּמ ְך ּהוא ּו ָב ָניו ִע ּמוֹ ְושׁ ָ ב ֶאל־ Then he and his children with him shall be free of 41 ִמשׁ ְ ַּפ ְח ּתוֹ ְו ֶא ֲל־א ֻחַ ּזת ֲא ָבֹתיו ָישׁ ּוב׃ your authority; he shall go back to his family and return to his ancestral holding.— מב ִּכ ֲי־ע ָב ַדי ֵהם ֲאשׁ ֶ ֵר־הוֹצ ִאתי ָאֹתם For they are My servants, whom I freed from the 42 ֵמ ֶאֶרץ ִמ ְצָרִים לֹא ִי ָּמ ְכ ּרו ִמ ְמ ֶּכֶרת ָע ֶבד׃ land of Egypt; they may not give themselves over into servitude.— מג ִלֹא־תְר ֶ ּדה בוֹ ְּב ָפֶר ְך ְוָיֵר ָאת ֵמ ֱא ֶלֹה ָיך׃ You shall not rule over him ruthlessly; you shall fear 43 your God. מד ְו ַע ְב ְ ּד ָך ַו ֲא ָמ ְת ָך ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ִי ְה ּיו ָ־ל ְך ֵמ ֵאת Such male and female slaves as you may have—it 44 ַה ּג ִוֹים ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ְס ִב ֵיבֹת ֶיכם ֵמ ֶהם ִּת ְק ּנו is from the nations round about you that you may ֶע ֶבד ְו ָא ָמה׃ .acquire male and female slaves מה ְו ַגם ִמ ְּב ֵני ַה ּתוֹשׁ ָ ִבים ַה ָּגִרים ִע ָּמ ֶכם You may also buy them from among the children 45 ֵמ ֶהם ִּת ְק ּנו ּו ִמ ִּמשׁ ְ ַּפ ְח ָּתם ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ִע ָּמ ֶכם of aliens resident among you, or from their families ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ִהוֹל ּידו ְּב ַאְר ְצ ֶכם ְו ָה ּיו ָל ֶכם .that are among you, whom they begot in your land ַל ֲא ֻחָ ּזה׃ :These shall become your property מו ְו ִה ְת ַנ ֲח ְל ֶּתם ָאֹתם ִל ְב ֵנ ֶיכם ַא ֲחֵר ֶיכם you may keep them as a possession for your 46 ָלֶרשׁ ֶ ת ֲא ֻחָ ּזה ְל ָעֹלם ָּב ֶהם ַּת ֲע ּבֹדו children after you, for them to inherit as property ּו ְב ַא ֵח ֶיכם ְּב ֵנ ִי־י ְשׂ ָר ֵאל ִאישׁ ְּב ָא ִחיו לֹא־ for all time. Such you may treat as slaves. But as for ִתְר ֶ ּדה בוֹ ְּב ָפֶר ְך׃ your Israelite kinsmen, no one shall rule ruthlessly over the other.

89 ויקרא וכ Vayikra/Leviticus 26 יתקחב Bechukotai Leviticus מז ְו ִכי ַת ִּשׂיג ַיד ֵּגר ְותוֹשׁ ָ ב ִע ָּמ ְך ּו ָמ ְך ָא ִח ָיך If a resident alien among you has prospered, and 47 ִע ּמוֹ ְו ִנ ְמ ַּכר ְל ֵגר ּתוֹשׁ ָ ב ִע ָּמ ְך אוֹ ְל ֵע ֶקר your kinsman being in straits, comes under his ִמשׁ ְ ַּפ ַחת ֵּגר׃ authority and gives himself over to the resident alien among you, or to an offshoot of an alien’s family, מח ַא ֲחֵרי ִנ ְמ ַּכר ְּג ֻא ָּלה ִּת ְהֶי ּה־לוֹ ֶא ָחד he shall have the right of redemption even after he 48 ֵמ ֶא ָחיו ִי ְג ָא ֶל ּנּו׃ has given himself over. One of his kinsmen shall redeem him, מט אוֹ־דֹדוֹ אוֹ ֶב ּן־דֹדוֹ ִי ְג ָא ֶל ּנּו ִאוֹ־משְּׁ ֵאר or his uncle or his uncle’s son shall redeem him, or 49 ְּב ָשׂרוֹ ִמ ִּמשׁ ְ ַּפ ְח ּתוֹ ִי ְג ָא ֶל ּנּו ִאוֹ־ה ִּשׂ ָיגה anyone of his family who is of his own flesh shall ָידוֹ ְו ִנ ְג ָאל׃ redeem him; or, if he prospers, he may redeem himself. נ ְו ִחשַּׁ ב ִע ֵם־קֹנ ּהו ִמשְּׁ ַנת ִה ָּמ ְכרוֹ לוֹ ַעד He shall compute with his purchaser the total 50 שׁ ְ ַנת ַה ּי ֵֹבל ְו ָהָיה ֶּכ ֶסף ִמ ְמ ָּכרוֹ ְּב ִמ ְס ַּפר from the year he gave himself over to him until the בחקתי שׁ ָ ִנים ִּכ ֵימי ָשׂ ִכיר ִי ְהֶיה ִע ּמוֹ׃ jubilee year; the price of his sale shall be applied to the number of years, as though it were for a term as a hired laborer under the other’s authority. נא ִאם־עוֹד ַר ּבוֹת ַּבשָּׁ ִנים ְל ִפ ֶיהן ָישׁ ִ יב If many years remain, he shall pay back for his 51 ְּג ֻא ָּלתוֹ ִמ ֶּכ ֶסף ִמ ְק ָנתוֹ׃ ;redemption in proportion to his purchase price נב ְו ִא ְם־מ ַעט ִנשׁ ְ ַאר ַּבשָּׁ ִנים ַעד־שׁ ְ ַנת and if few years remain until the jubilee year, he 52 ַה ּי ֵֹבל ְו ִחשַּׁ ב־לוֹ ְּכ ִפי שׁ ָ ָניו ָישׁ ִ יב ֶאת־ shall so compute: he shall make payment for his ְ ּג ֻא ָ ּלתוֹ ׃ .redemption according to the years involved נג ִּכ ְשׂ ִכיר שׁ ָ ָנה ְּבשׁ ָ ָנה ִי ְהֶיה ִע ּמוֹ לֹא־ He shall be under his authority as a laborer hired 53 ִיְר ֶ ּד ּנּו ְּב ֶפֶר ְך ְל ֵע ֶינ ָיך׃ by the year; he shall not rule ruthlessly over him in your sight. נד ְו ִאם־לֹא ִי ָּג ֵאל ְּב ֵא ֶּלה ְוָי ָצא ִּבשׁ ְ ַנת ַה ּי ֵֹבל ,If he has not been redeemed in any of those ways 54 ּהוא ּו ָב ָניו ִע ּמוֹ׃ he and his children with him shall go free in the jubilee year. נה ִּכ ִי־לי ְב ֵנ ִי־י ְשׂ ָר ֵאל ֲע ָב ִדים ֲע ָב ַדי ֵהם For it is to Me that the Israelites are servants: they 55 ֲאשׁ ֶ ֵר־הוֹצ ִאתי ָאוֹתם ֵמ ֶאֶרץ ִמ ְצָרִים are My servants, whom I freed from the land of ֲא ִני ְי ָהֹוה ֱא ֵלֹה ֶיכם׃ .Egypt, I Hashem your God א ַלֹא־ת ֲע ּשׂו ָל ֶכם ֱא ִל ִילם ּו ֶפ ֶסל ּו ַמ ֵּצ ָבה You shall not make idols for yourselves, or set up for 1 כו ָלֹא־ת ִק ּימו ָל ֶכם ְו ֶא ֶבן ַמ ְשׂ ִּכית לֹא yourselves carved images or pillars, or place figured 26 ִת ְּת ּנו ְּב ַאְר ְצ ֶכם ְל ִהשׁ ְ ַּת ֲחוׂת ָע ֶל ָיה ִּכי stones in your land to worship upon, for I Hashem ֲא ִני ְי ָהֹוה ֱא ֵלֹה ֶיכם׃ .am your God ב ֶאת־שׁ ַ ְּב ַתֹתי ִּתשׁ ְ ּמֹרו ּו ִמ ְק ָ ּדשׁ ִ י ִּת ָיר ּאו You shall keep My Shabbatot and venerate My 2 Bechukotai ֲא ִני ְי ָהֹוה׃ .sanctuary, Mine, Hashem’s גג ִאם ְּ־ב ֻח ּק ַֹתי ֵּת ֵל ּכו ְו ֶא ִת־מ ְצ ַוׂתי If you follow My laws and faithfully observe My 3 ִּתשׁ ְ ְמ ּרו ַו ֲע ִשׂ ֶיתם ָאֹתם׃ ,commandments im b’-khu-ko-TAI tay-LAY-khu v’-et mitz-vo-TAI tish-m’-RU va-a-see-TEM o-TAM

90 ויקרא וכ Vayikra/Leviticus 26 יתקחב Bechukotai Leviticus ד ְו ָנ ַת ִּתי ִגשׁ ְ ֵמ ֶיכם ְּב ִע ָּתם ְו ָנ ְת ָנה ָה ָאֶרץ I will grant your rains in their season, so that the 4 ְי ּבו ָל ּה ְו ֵעץ ַה ָּשׂ ֶדה ִי ֵּתן ִּפְריוֹ׃ earth shall yield its produce and the trees of the field their fruit. v’-na-ta-TEE gish-may-KHEM b’-i-TAM v’-na-t’-NAH ha-A-retz y’-vu-LAH v’- AYTZ ha-sa-DEH yi-TAYN pir-YO ה ְו ִה ִּשׂיג ָל ֶכם ַ ּדִישׁ ֶא ָּת־ב ִציר ּו ָב ִציר ַי ִּשׂיג Your threshing shall overtake the vintage, and your 5 ֶא ָת־זַרע ַו ֲא ַכ ְל ֶּתם ַל ְח ְמ ֶכם ָל ַשֹׂבע vintage shall overtake the sowing; you shall eat your ִוישׁ ַ ְב ֶּתם ָל ֶב ַטח ְּב ַאְר ְצ ֶכם׃ .fill of bread and dwell securely in your land ו ְו ָנ ַת ִּתי שׁ ָ לוֹם ָּב ָאֶרץ ּושׁ ְ ַכ ְב ֶּתם ְו ֵאין I will grant peace in the land, and you shall lie 6 ַמ ֲחִריד ְו ִהשׁ ְ ַּב ִּתי ַחָּיה ָר ָעה ִמ ָן־ה ָאֶרץ down untroubled by anyone; I will give the land ְו ֶחֶרב ַלֹא־ת ֲעבֹר ְּב ַאְר ְצ ֶכם׃ respite from vicious beasts, and no sword shall cross your land. v’-na-ta-TEE sha-LOM ba-A-retz ush-khav-TEM v’-AYN ma-kha-REED v’-hish-ba- TEE kha-YAH ra-AH min ha-A-retz v’-KHE-rev lo ta-a-VOR b’-ar-tz’-KHEM ז ּוְר ַד ְפ ֶּתם ֶא ְת־אֹי ֵב ֶיכם ְו ָנ ְפ ּלו ִל ְפ ֵנ ֶיכם You shall give chase to your enemies, and they shall 7 ֶל ָחֶרב: .fall before you by the sword ח ְוָר ְד ּפו ִמ ֶּכם ֲח ִמשָּׁ ה ֵמ ָאה ּו ֵמ ָאה ִמ ֶּכם Five of you shall give chase to a hundred, and a 8 ְר ָב ָבה ִיְר ּד ֹּפו ְו ָנ ְפ ּלו ְאֹי ֵב ֶיכם ִל ְפ ֵנ ֶיכם ;hundred of you shall give chase to ten thousand ֶל ָחֶרב׃ .your enemies shall fall before you by the sword ט ּו ָפ ִנ ִיתי ֲא ֵל ֶיכם ְו ִה ְפֵר ִיתי ֶא ְת ֶכם I will look with favor upon you, and make you 9 ְו ִהְר ֵּב ִיתי ֶא ְת ֶכם ַו ֲה ִק ִימֹתי ֶא ְּת־בִר ִיתי fertile and multiply you; and I will maintain My ִא ְּת ֶכם׃ .covenant with you י ַו ֲא ַכ ְל ֶּתם ָישׁ ָ ן נוֹשׁ ָ ן ְוָישׁ ָ ן ִמ ְּפ ֵני ָח ָדשׁ You shall eat old grain long stored, and you shall 10 ּת ִוֹצ ּיאו׃ .have to clear out the old to make room for the new יא ְו ָנ ַת ִּתי ִמשׁ ְ ָּכ ִני ְּב ְתוֹכ ֶכם ְו ִלֹא־ת ְג ַעל I will establish My abode in your midst, and I will 11 ַנ ְפשׁ ִ י ֶא ְת ֶכם׃ .not spurn you יב ְו ִה ְת ַה ַּל ְכ ִּתי ְּב ְתוֹכ ֶכם ְו ָהִי ִיתי ָל ֶכם I will be ever present in your midst: I will be your 12 ֵל ִאלֹהים ְו ַא ֶּתם ִּת ְה ּיו ִ־לי ְל ָעם׃ .God, and you shall be My people יג ֲא ִני ְי ָהֹוה ֱא ֵלֹה ֶיכם ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ֵהוֹצ ִאתי I Hashem am your God who brought you out from 13 ֶא ְת ֶכם ֵמ ֶאֶרץ ִמ ְצַרִים ִמ ְהיֹת ָל ֶהם ,the land of the Egyptians to be their slaves no more ֲע ָב ִדים ָו ֶאשׁ ְ ּבֹר מֹטֹת ֻע ְּל ֶכם ָו ֵאוֹל ְך who broke the bars of your yoke and made you ֶא ְת ֶכם ְקוֹמ ִמ ּי ּות׃ .walk erect יד ְו ִאם־לֹא ִתשׁ ְ ְמ ּעו ִלי ְולֹא ַת ֲע ּשׂו ֵאת But if you do not obey Me and do not observe all 14 ָּכ ַל־ה ִּמ ְצוׂת ָה ֵא ֶּלה׃ ,these commandments

26:4 I will grant your rains in their season Israel depends that if the Children of Israel follow His commandments heavily on rain in order to grow its crops, as it does not and do what He asks of them, He will bless them with have an independent body of water which can provide the right amount of water at the right times, in order sufficient irrigation. Water can be the source of great to provide an abundance of crops. In Hebrew, this rain ’rain of blessing‘ ,(גשמי ברכה) blessing, but at the wrong times, too much or too little is called gishmay b’racha water can also be a curse. In this verse, Hashem promises (Ezekiel 34:26).

91 ויקרא וכ Vayikra/Leviticus 26 יתקחב Bechukotai Leviticus טו ְו ִא ְּם־ב ֻח ּק ַֹתי ִּת ְמ ָא ּסו ְו ִאם ֶא ִת־משׁ ְ ָּפ ַטי if you reject My laws and spurn My rules, so that 15 ִּת ְג ַעל ַנ ְפשׁ ְ ֶכם ְל ִב ְל ִּתי ֲעשׂוֹת ֶא ָּת־כל־ you do not observe all My commandments and you ִמ ְצ ַוׂתי ְל ַה ְפְר ֶכם ֶא ְּת־בִר ִיתי׃ ,break My covenant טז ַא ֲף־א ִני ֶא ֱע ֶשׂ ּה־זֹאת ָל ֶכם ְו ִה ְפ ַק ְד ִּתי I in turn will do this to you: I will wreak misery 16 ֲע ֵל ֶיכם ֶּב ָה ָלה ֶא ַת־השַּׁ ֶח ֶפת ְו ֶאת־ upon you—consumption and fever, which cause ַה ַּק ַ ּד ַחת ְמ ַכ ּלוֹת ֵע ַינִים ּו ְמ ִדיבֹת the eyes to pine and the body to languish; you shall ָנ ֶפשׁ ּוְזַר ְע ֶּתם ָלִריק ַזְר ֲע ֶכם ַו ֲא ָכ ֻל ּהו sow your seed to no purpose, for your enemies shall ְאֹי ֵב ֶיכם׃ .eat it יז ְו ָנ ַת ִּתי ָפ ַני ָּב ֶכם ְו ִנ ַּג ְפ ֶּתם ִל ְפ ֵני ְאֹי ֵב ֶיכם I will set My face against you: you shall be routed 17 ְוָר ּדו ָב ֶכם ְשֹׂנ ֵא ֶיכם ְו ַנ ְס ֶּתם ְו ֵא ֵין־רֹדף .by your enemies, and your foes shall dominate you ֶא ְת ֶכם׃ .You shall flee though none pursues יח ְו ִא ַם־ע ֵד־א ֶּלה לֹא ִתשׁ ְ ְמ ּעו ִלי ְוָי ַס ְפ ִּתי And if, for all that, you do not obey Me, I will go on 18 ְלַי ְּסָרה ֶא ְת ֶכם שׁ ֶ ַבע ַע ַל־ח ּט ֵֹאת ֶיכם׃ ,to discipline you sevenfold for your sins יט ְושׁ ָ ַבְר ִּתי ֶא ְּת־גאוֹן ֻעְ ּז ֶכם ְו ָנ ַת ִּתי ֶאת־ and I will break your proud glory. I will make your 19 שׁ ְ ֵמ ֶיכם ַּכ ַּבְרֶזל ְו ֶא ַת־אְר ְצ ֶכם ַּכ ְנּ ֻחשׁ ָ ה׃ ,skies like iron and your earth like copper כ ְו ַתם ָלִריק ּכ ֲֹח ֶכם ְו ִלֹא־ת ֵּתן ַאְר ְצ ֶכם .so that your strength shall be spent to no purpose 20 ֶא ְת־י ּבו ָל ּה ְו ֵעץ ָה ָאֶרץ לֹא ִי ֵּתן ִּפְריוֹ׃ Your land shall not yield its produce, nor shall the trees of the land yield their fruit. כא ְו ִא ֵּם־ת ְל ּכו ִע ִּמי ֶקִרי ְולֹא ּתֹאבו And if you remain hostile toward Me and refuse 21 ִלשׁ ְ ַמֹע ִלי ְוָי ַס ְפ ִּתי ֲע ֵל ֶיכם ַמ ָּכה שׁ ֶ ַבע to obey Me, I will go on smiting you sevenfold for ְּכ ַח ּט ֵֹאת ֶיכם׃ .your sins כב ְו ִהשׁ ְ ַל ְח ִּתי ָב ֶכם ֶא ַת־חַּית ַה ָּשׂ ֶדה I will loose wild beasts against you, and they shall 22 ְושׁ ִ ְּכ ָלה ֶא ְת ֶכם ְו ִה ְכִר ָיתה ֶא ְּת־ב ֶה ְמ ְּת ֶכם bereave you of your children and wipe out your ְו ִה ְמ ִע ָיטה ֶא ְת ֶכם ְו ָנשׁ ַ ּמ ּו ַ ּדְר ֵכ ֶיכם׃ cattle. They shall decimate you, and your roads shall be deserted. כג ְו ִא ְּם־ב ֵא ֶּלה לֹא ִתָּו ְס ּרו ִלי ַו ֲה ַל ְכ ֶּתם And if these things fail to discipline you for Me, and 23 ִע ִּמי ֶקִרי׃ ,you remain hostile to Me כד ְו ָה ַל ְכ ִּתי ַא ֲף־א ִני ִע ָּמ ֶכם ְּב ֶקִרי ְו ִה ֵּכ ִיתי I too will remain hostile to you: I in turn will smite 24 ֶא ְת ֶכם ַּג ָם־א ִני שׁ ֶ ַבע ַע ַל־ח ּט ֵֹאת ֶיכם׃ .you sevenfold for your sins כה ְו ֵה ֵב ִאתי ֲע ֵל ֶיכם ֶחֶרב ֶנֹק ֶמת ְנ ַק ְּם־בִרית I will bring a sword against you to wreak vengeance 25 ְו ֶנ ֱא ַס ְפ ֶּתם ֶא ָל־עֵר ֶיכם ְושׁ ִ ַּל ְח ִּתי ֶד ֶבר for the covenant; and if you withdraw into your ְּב ְתוֹכ ֶכם ְו ִנ ַּת ֶּתם ְּבַי ֵד־אוֹיב׃ cities, I will send pestilence among you, and you shall be delivered into enemy hands. כו ְּבשׁ ִ ְבִרי ָל ֶכם ַמ ֵּט ֶה־ל ֶחם ְו ָא ּפו ֶע ֶשׂר When I break your staff of bread, ten women shall 26 ָנשׁ ִ ים ַל ְח ְמ ֶכם ְּב ַת ּנּור ֶא ָחד ְו ֵהשׁ ִ ּיבו bake your bread in a single oven; they shall dole out ַל ְח ְמ ֶכם ַּב ִּמשׁ ְ ָקל ַו ֲא ַכ ְל ֶּתם ְולֹא your bread by weight, and though you eat, you shall ִת ְשׂ ָ ּב ּעו׃ .not be satisfied כז ְו ִא ְּם־בזֹאת לֹא ִתשׁ ְ ְמ ּעו ִלי ַו ֲה ַל ְכ ֶּתם But if, despite this, you disobey Me and remain 27 ִע ִּמי ְּב ֶקִרי׃ ,hostile to Me כח ְו ָה ַל ְכ ִּתי ִע ָּמ ֶכם ַּב ֲח ַמ ֶת־קִרי ְוִי ַּסְר ִּתי I will act against you in wrathful hostility; I, for My 28 ֶא ְת ֶכם ַא ָף־א ִני שׁ ֶ ַבע ַע ַל־ח ּט ֵֹאת ֶיכם׃ .part, will discipline you sevenfold for your sins

92 ויקרא וכ Vayikra/Leviticus 26 יתקחב Bechukotai Leviticus כט ַו ֲא ַכ ְל ֶּתם ְּב ַשׂר ְּב ֵנ ֶיכם ּו ְב ַשׂר ְּב ֵנֹת ֶיכם You shall eat the flesh of your sons and the flesh of 29 ּת ֵֹאכ ּלו׃ .your daughters ל ְו ִהשׁ ְ ַמ ְד ִּתי ֶא ָּת־ב ֵמֹת ֶיכם ְו ִה ְכַר ִּתי ֶאת־ I will destroy your cult places and cut down your 30 ַח ָּמ ֵנ ֶיכם ְו ָנ ַת ִּתי ֶא ִּת־פ ְגֵר ֶיכם ַע ִּל־פ ְגֵרי incense stands, and I will heap your carcasses upon ִּג ּל ּו ֵל ֶיכם ְו ָג ֲע ָלה ַנ ְפשׁ ִ י ֶא ְת ֶכם׃ .your lifeless fetishes. I will spurn you לא ְו ָנ ַת ִּתי ֶא ָת־עֵר ֶיכם ָחְר ָּבה ַו ֲהשׁ ִ ּמ ִוֹתי I will lay your cities in ruin and make your 31 ֶא ִת־מ ְק ְ ּדשׁ ֵ ֶיכם ְולֹא ָאִר ַיח ְּבֵר ַיח sanctuaries desolate, and I will not savor your ִנ ֲיחֹח ֶכם׃ .pleasing odors לב ַו ֲהשׁ ִ ּמ ִֹתי ֲא ִני ֶא ָת־ה ָאֶרץ ְושׁ ָ ְמ ּמו ָע ֶל ָיה I will make the land desolate, so that your enemies 32 ְאֹי ֵב ֶיכם ַה ּיֹשׁ ְ ִבים ָּב ּה׃ .who settle in it shall be appalled by it va-ha-shi-mo-TEE a-NEE et ha-A-retz v’-sha-ma-MU a-LE-ha o-y’-vay-KHEM ha-yo-sh’-VEEM bah לג ְו ֶא ְת ֶכם ֱאָזֶרה ַב ּג ִוֹים ַו ֲהִר ִיקֹתי ַא ֲחֵר ֶיכם And you I will scatter among the nations, and I will 33 ָחֶרב ְו ָהְי ָתה ַאְר ְצ ֶכם שׁ ְ ָמ ָמה ְו ָעֵר ֶיכם unsheath the sword against you. Your land shall ִי ְה ּיו ָחְר ָּבה׃ .become a desolation and your cities a ruin לד ָאז ִּתְר ֶצה ָה ָאֶרץ ֶאת־שׁ ַ ְּב ֶתֹת ָיה ּכֹל Then shall the land make up for itsShabbat years 34 ְי ֵמי ֳהשׁ ַ ָּמה ְו ַא ֶּתם ְּב ֶאֶרץ ְאֹי ֵב ֶיכם ָאז throughout the time that it is desolate and you are ִּתשׁ ְ ַּבת ָה ָאֶרץ ְו ִהְר ָצת ֶאת־שׁ ַ ְּב ֶתֹת ָיה׃ in the land of your enemies; then shall the land rest and make up for its Shabbat years. לה ָּכ ְל־י ֵמי ָהשַּׁ ָּמה ִּתשׁ ְ ּבֹת ֵאת ֲאשׁ ֶ ר לֹא־ Throughout the time that it is desolate, it shall 35 שׁ ָ ְב ָתה ְּבשׁ ַ ְּב ֵתֹת ֶיכם ְּבשׁ ִ ְב ְּת ֶכם ָע ֶל ָיה׃ observe the rest that it did not observe in your Shabbat years while you were dwelling upon it. לו ְו ַה ִנּשׁ ְ ָאִרים ָּב ֶכם ְו ֵה ֵב ִאתי ֶמֹר ְך ִּב ְל ָב ָבם As for those of you who survive, I will cast a 36 ְּב ַאְרצֹת ְאֹי ֵב ֶיהם ְוָר ַדף ָאֹתם קוֹל ָע ֶלה faintness into their hearts in the land of their ִנ ָ ּדף ְו ָנ ּסו ְמ ֻנ ַס ֶת־חֶרב ְו ָנ ְפ ּלו ְו ֵאין ֵרֹדף׃ enemies. The sound of a driven leaf shall put them to flight. Fleeing as though from the sword, they shall fall though none pursues. לז ְו ָכשׁ ְ ּלו ִאישׁ ְּ־ב ָא ִחיו ְּכ ִמ ְּפ ֵנ ֶי־חֶרב ְו ֵרֹדף With no one pursuing, they shall stumble over one 37 ָאִין ְו ִלֹא־ת ְהֶיה ָל ֶכם ְּת ּקו ָמה ִל ְפ ֵני another as before the sword. You shall not be able ְאֹי ֵב ֶיכם׃ ,to stand your ground before your enemies לח ַו ֲא ַב ְד ֶּתם ַּב ּג ִוֹים ְו ָא ְכ ָלה ֶא ְת ֶכם ֶאֶרץ but shall perish among the nations; and the land of 38 ְאֹי ֵב ֶיכם׃ .your enemies shall consume you

26:32 I will make the land desolate Though this his visit to Palestine in the 1860’s: “A desolation is here verse is frightening, Nachmanides explains that that not even imagination can grace with the pomp of it is actually a blessing in disguise. “I will make the land life and action.... Palestine is desolate and unlovely.” Only desolate; so that your enemies who settle in it will be when the Jewish People return to the Land of Israel does appalled by it” implies that throughout the ages, no it give forth its blessing and return to its former glory. matter how many foreign empires occupy Israel, the Today, thanks to the return of its indigenous Jewish Mark Twain land will not cooperate to bring forth its bounty. Indeed, population, Eretz Yisrael is once again thriving and (1835-1910) in his book Innocents Abroad, Mark Twain wrote about prosperous.

93 ויקרא זכ Vayikra/Leviticus 27 יתקחב Bechukotai Leviticus לט ְו ַה ִנּשׁ ְ ָאִרים ָּב ֶכם ִי ַּמ ּק ּו ַּב ֲע ָוׂנם ְּב ַאְרצֹת Those of you who survive shall be heartsick over 39 ְאֹי ֵב ֶיכם ְו ַאף ַּב ֲעוׂנֹת ֲא ָבֹתם ִא ָּתם ִי ָּמ ּק ּו׃ ,their iniquity in the land of your enemies; more they shall be heartsick over the iniquities of their fathers; מ ְו ִה ְתַו ּד ּו ֶא ֲת־ע ָוׂנם ְו ֶא ֲת־עוׂן ֲא ָבֹתם and they shall confess their iniquity and the iniquity 40 ְּב ַמ ֲע ָלם ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ָמ ֲע ּלו ִ־בי ְו ַאף ֲאשׁ ֶ ר־ ,of their fathers, in that they trespassed against Me ָה ְל ּכו ִע ִּמי ְּב ֶקִרי׃ .yea, were hostile to Me מא ַא ֲף־א ִני ֵא ֵל ְך ִע ָּמם ְּב ֶקִרי ְו ֵה ֵב ִאתי ָאֹתם When I, in turn, have been hostile to them and have 41 ְּב ֶאֶרץ ְאֹי ֵב ֶיהם ָאוֹ־אז ִי ָּכ ַנע ְל ָב ָבם removed them into the land of their enemies, then ֶה ָעֵרל ְו ָאז ִיְר ּצו ֶא ֲת־ע ָוׂנם׃ at last shall their obdurate heart humble itself, and they shall atone for their iniquity. מב ְוָז ַכְר ִּתי ֶא ְּת־בִר ִיתי ַי ֲעקוֹב ְו ַאף ֶאת־ ; Then will I remember My covenant withYaakov 42 ְּבִר ִיתי ִי ְצ ָחק ְו ַאף ֶא ְּת־בִר ִיתי ַא ְבָר ָהם ,I will remember also My covenant with Yitzchak ֶאְז ּכֹר ְו ָה ָאֶרץ ֶאְז ּכֹר׃ and also My covenant with Avraham; and I will remember the land. v’-za-khar-TEE et b’-ree-TEE ya-a-KOV v’-AF et b’-ree-TEE yitz-KHAK v’-AF et b’-ree-TEE av-ra-HAM ez-KOR v’-ha-A-retz ez-KOR מג ְו ָה ָאֶרץ ֵּת ָעֵזב ֵמ ֶהם ְו ִתֶרץ ֶאת־ For the land shall be forsaken of them, making up 43 שׁ ַ ְּב ֶתֹת ָיה ָּב ְהשׁ ַ ָּמה ֵמ ֶהם ְו ֵהם ִיְר ּצו ,for its Shabbat years by being desolate of them ֶא ֲת־ע ָוׂנם ַי ַען ּו ְבַי ַען ְּב ִמשׁ ְ ָּפ ַטי ָמ ָא ּסו while they atone for their iniquity; for the abundant ְו ֶא ֻת־ח ּק ַֹתי ָּג ֲע ָלה ַנ ְפשׁ ָ ם׃ reason that they rejected My rules and spurned My laws. מד ְו ַא ַּף־גם־זֹאת ִּב ְה ָיוֹתם ְּב ֶאֶרץ ְאֹי ֵב ֶיהם Yet, even then, when they are in the land of their 44 ְלֹא־מ ַא ְס ִּתים ְו ְלֹא־ג ַע ְל ִּתים ְל ַכ ּל ָֹתם enemies, I will not reject them or spurn them so as ְל ָה ֵפר ְּבִר ִיתי ִא ָּתם ִּכי ֲא ִני ְי ָהֹוה :to destroy them, annulling My covenant with them ֱא ֵלֹה ֶיהם׃ .for I Hashem am their God מה ְוָז ַכְר ִּתי ָל ֶהם ְּבִרית ִראשׁ ִֹנים ֲאשׁ ֶ ר I will remember in their favor the covenant with the 45 ֵהוֹצ ִאת ָי־אֹתם ֵמ ֶאֶרץ ִמ ְצַרִים ְל ֵע ֵיני ancients, whom I freed from the land of Egypt in ַה ּג ִוֹים ִל ְהיֹת ָל ֶהם ֵל ִאלֹהים ֲא ִני ְי ָהֹוה׃ .the sight of the nations to be their God: I, Hashem מו ֵא ֶּלה ַה ֻח ִּקים ְו ַה ִּמשׁ ְ ָּפ ִטים ְו ַה ּתוֹרֹת These are the laws, rules, and instructions that 46 ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ָנ ַתן ְי ָהֹוה ֵּבינוֹ ּו ֵבין ְּב ֵני ִי ְשׂ ָר ֵאל ,Hashem established, through Moshe on Har Sinai ְּב ַהר ִס ַיני ְּבַיד־מֹשׁ ֶ ה׃ .between Himself and B’nei Yisrael כז א ַוְי ַד ֵּבר ְי ָהֹוה ֶאל־מֹשׁ ֶ ה ֵּלאמֹר׃ :Hashem spoke to Moshe, saying 1 27

26:42 And I will remember the land This passage lists people and that ultimately, there will be a redemption. the curses that will be brought upon the People of In this verse, He promises that he will remember not Israel if they fail to follow Hashem’s commandments. only the People of Israel, but also the Land of Israel If His children’s sins become too great, God promises itself. He will return His chosen people to the chosen to exile the people from the Promised Land, and to land, and this land will flourish. How fortunate is our destroy the land itself. Following these curses, however, generation to witness Hashem “remembering the land” Hashem promises that He will never give up on His as this verse promises.

94 ויקרא זכ Vayikra/Leviticus 27 יתקחב Bechukotai Leviticus ב ַ ּד ֵּבר ֶא ְּל־ב ֵני ִי ְשׂ ָר ֵאל ְו ָא ַמְר ָּת ֲא ֵל ֶהם Speak to B’nei Yisrael and say to them: When 2 ִאישׁ ִּכי ַי ְפ ִלא ֶנ ֶדר ְּב ֶעְר ְּכ ָך ְנ ָפשׁ ֹת anyone explicitly vows to Hashem the equivalent for ַל ָיהֹוה׃ ,a human being ג ְו ָהָיה ֶעְר ְּכ ָך ַהָ ּז ָכר ִמ ֶּבן ֶע ְשׂ ִרים שׁ ָ ָנה the following scale shall apply: If it is a male from 3 ְו ַעד ֶּבן־שׁ ִ שִּׁ ים שׁ ָ ָנה ְו ָהָיה ֶעְר ְּכ ָך twenty to sixty years of age, the equivalent is fifty ֲח ִמשִּׁ ים שׁ ֶ ֶקל ֶּכ ֶסף ְּבשׁ ֶ ֶקל ַה ּק ֶֹדשׁ ׃ ;shekalim of silver by the sanctuary weight ד ְו ִא ְם־נ ֵק ָבה ִהוא ְו ָהָיה ֶעְר ְּכ ָך שׁ ְ לֹשׁ ִ ים .if it is a female, the equivalent is thirty shekalim 4 שׁ ָ ֶ ק ל ׃ ה ְו ִאם ִמ ֶּב ָן־ח ֵמשׁ שׁ ָ ִנים ְו ַעד ֶּב ֶן־ע ְשׂ ִרים If the age is from five years to twenty years, the 5 שׁ ָ ָנה ְו ָהָיה ֶעְר ְּכ ָך ַהָ ּז ָכר ֶע ְשׂ ִרים שׁ ְ ָק ִלים equivalent is twenty shekalim for a male and ten ְו ַל ְנּ ֵק ָבה ֲע ֶשׂ ֶרת שׁ ְ ָק ִלים׃ .shekalim for a female ו ְו ִאם ִמ ֶּב ֶן־חֹדשׁ ְו ַעד ֶּב ָן־ח ֵמשׁ שׁ ָ ִנים If the age is from one month to five years, the 6 ְו ָהָיה ֶעְר ְּכ ָך ַהָ ּז ָכר ֲח ִמשָּׁ ה שׁ ְ ָק ִלים ָּכ ֶסף equivalent for a male is fiveshekalim of silver, and ְו ַל ְנּ ֵק ָבה ֶעְר ְּכ ָך שׁ ְ לֹשׁ ֶ ת שׁ ְ ָק ִלים ָּכ ֶסף׃ the equivalent for a female is three shekalim of silver. ז ְו ִאם ִמ ֶּבן־שׁ ִ שִּׁ ים שׁ ָ ָנה ָו ַמ ְע ָלה ִא ָם־ז ָכר If the age is sixty years or over, the equivalent 7 ְו ָהָיה ֶעְר ְּכ ָך ֲח ִמשָּׁ ה ָע ָשׂר שׁ ָ ֶקל ְו ַל ְנּ ֵק ָבה is fifteenshekalim in the case of a male and ten ֲע ָשׂ ָרה שׁ ְ ָק ִלים׃ .shekalim for a female ח ְו ִא ָם־מ ְך ּהוא ֵמ ֶעְר ֶּכ ָך ְו ֶה ֱע ִמידוֹ ִל ְפ ֵני But if one cannot afford the equivalent, he shall be 8 ַה ּכ ֵֹהן ְו ֶה ֱעִר ְיך אֹתוֹ ַה ּכ ֵֹהן ַע ִּל־פי ֲאשׁ ֶ ר presented before the Kohen, and the Kohen shall ַּת ִּשׂיג ַיד ַה ֵנֹּדר ַי ֲעִר ֶיכ ּנּו ַה ּכ ֵֹהן׃ assess him; the Kohen shall assess him according to what the vower can afford. ט ְו ִא ְּם־ב ֵה ָמה ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ַי ְקִר ּיבו ִמ ֶּמ ָנּה ָקְר ָּבן If [the vow concerns] any animal that may be 9 ַל ָיהֹוה ּכֹל ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ִי ֵּתן ִמ ֶּמ ּנּו ַל ָיהֹוה ִי ְהֶיה־ brought as an offering toHashem , any such that may ּ ק ֹ ֶד שׁ ׃ .be given to Hashem shall be holy י לֹא ַי ֲח ִל ֶיפ ּנּו ְו ָלֹא־י ִמיר אֹתוֹ טוֹב ְּבָרע One may not exchange or substitute another for 10 ַאוֹ־רע ְּבטוֹב ְו ִא ָם־ה ֵמר ָי ִמיר ְּב ֵה ָמה it, either good for bad, or bad for good; if one does ִּב ְב ֵה ָמה ְו ָהָי ּה־הוא ּו ְת ּמוָרתוֹ ִי ְהֶיה־ substitute one animal for another, the thing vowed ּ ק ֹ ֶד שׁ ׃ .and its substitute shall both be holy יא ְו ִאם ָּכ ְּל־ב ֵה ָמה ְט ֵמ ָאה ֲאשׁ ֶ ר לֹא־ If [the vow concerns] any unclean animal that may 11 ַי ְקִר ּיבו ִמ ֶּמ ָנּה ָקְר ָּבן ַל ָיהֹוה ְו ֶה ֱע ִמיד not be brought as an offering toHashem , the animal ֶא ַת־ה ְּב ֵה ָמה ִל ְפ ֵני ַה ּכ ֵֹהן׃ ,shall be presented before the Kohen יב ְו ֶה ֱעִר ְיך ַה ּכ ֵֹהן ָאֹת ּה ֵּבין טוֹב ּו ֵבין ָרע ,and the Kohen shall assess it. Whether high or low 12 ְּכ ֶעְר ְּכ ָך ַה ּכ ֵֹהן ֵּכן ִי ְהֶיה׃ ;whatever assessment is set by the Kohen shall stand יג ְו ִא ָּם־גאֹל ִי ְג ָא ֶל ָנּה ְוָי ַסף ֲח ִמישׁ ִ תוֹ ַעל־ and if he wishes to redeem it, he must add one-fifth 13 ֶעְר ֶּכ ָך׃ .to its assessment יד ְו ִאישׁ ִּכ ַי־י ְק ִ ּדשׁ ֶא ֵּת־ביתוֹ ֶקֹדשׁ ַל ָיהֹוה If anyone consecrates his house to Hashem, the 14 ְו ֶה ֱעִריכוֹ ַה ּכ ֵֹהן ֵּבין טוֹב ּו ֵבין ָרע ַּכ ֲאשׁ ֶ ר Kohen shall assess it. Whether high or low, as the ַי ֲעִר ְיך אֹתוֹ ַה ּכ ֵֹהן ֵּכן ָי ּקום׃ ;Kohen assesses it, so it shall stand טו ְו ִא ַם־ה ַּמ ְק ִ ּדישׁ ִי ְג ַאל ֶא ֵּת־ביתוֹ ְוָי ַסף and if he who has consecrated his house wishes 15 ֲח ִמישׁ ִ ית ֶּכ ֶס ֶף־עְר ְּכ ָך ָע ָליו ְו ָהָיה לוֹ׃ to redeem it, he must add one-fifth to the sum at which it was assessed, and it shall be his. 95 ויקרא זכ Vayikra/Leviticus 27 יתקחב Bechukotai Leviticus טז ְו ִאם ִמ ְּשׂ ֵדה ֲא ֻחָ ּזתוֹ ַי ְק ִ ּדישׁ ִאישׁ If anyone consecrates to Hashem any land that he 16 ַל ָיהֹוה ְו ָהָיה ֶעְר ְּכ ָך ְל ִפי ַזְרעוֹ ֶזַרע ֶחֹמר holds, its assessment shall be in accordance with its ְשׂ ִעֹרים ַּב ֲח ִמשִּׁ ים שׁ ֶ ֶקל ָּכ ֶסף׃ seed requirement: fiftyshekalim of silver to a chomer of barley seed. יז ִא ִם־משְּׁ ַנת ַה ּי ֵֹבל ַי ְק ִ ּדישׁ ָשׂ ֵד ּהו ְּכ ֶעְר ְּכ ָך If he consecrates his land as of the jubilee year, its 17 ָי ּקום׃ .assessment stands יח ְו ִא ַם־א ַחר ַה ּי ֵֹבל ַי ְק ִ ּדישׁ ָשׂ ֵד ּהו ְו ִחשַּׁ ב־ But if he consecrates his land after the jubilee, the 18 לוֹ ַה ּכ ֵֹהן ֶא ַת־ה ֶּכ ֶסף ַע ִּל־פי ַהשָּׁ ִנים Kohen shall compute the price according to the ַה ָנּוֹתרֹת ַעד שׁ ְ ַנת ַה ּי ֵֹבל ְו ִנ ְגַרע ֵמ ֶעְר ֶּכ ָך׃ years that are left until the jubilee year, and its assessment shall be so reduced; יט ְו ִא ָּם־גאֹל ִי ְג ַאל ֶא ַת־ה ָּשׂ ֶדה ַה ַּמ ְק ִ ּדישׁ and if he who consecrated the land wishes to 19 אֹתוֹ ְוָי ַסף ֲח ִמשׁ ִ ית ֶּכ ֶס ֶף־עְר ְּכ ָך ָע ָליו redeem it, he must add one-fifth to the sum at ְו ָקם לוֹ׃ .which it was assessed, and it shall pass to him כ ְו ִאם־לֹא ִי ְג ַאל ֶא ַת־ה ָּשׂ ֶדה ְו ִא ָם־מ ַכר But if he does not redeem the land, and the land is 20 ֶא ַת־ה ָּשׂ ֶדה ְל ִאישׁ ַא ֵחר לֹא ִי ָּג ֵאל עוֹד׃ :sold to another, it shall no longer be redeemable כא ְו ָהָיה ַה ָּשׂ ֶדה ְּב ֵצאתוֹ ַב ּי ֵֹבל ֶקֹדשׁ ַל ָיהֹוה when it is released in the jubilee, the land shall be 21 ִּכ ְשׂ ֵדה ַה ֵחֶרם ַל ּכ ֵֹהן ִּת ְהֶיה ֲא ֻחָ ּזתוֹ׃ holy to Hashem, as land proscribed; it becomes the Kohen’s holding. כב ְו ִאם ֶא ְת־שׂ ֵדה ִמ ְק ָנתוֹ ֲאשׁ ֶ ר לֹא ִמ ְּשׂ ֵדה ,If he consecrates to Hashem land that he purchased 22 ֲא ֻחָ ּזתוֹ ַי ְק ִ ּדישׁ ַל ָיהֹוה׃ ,which is not land of his holding כג ְו ִחשַּׁ ב־לוֹ ַה ּכ ֵֹהן ֵאת ִמ ְכ ַסת ָה ֶעְר ְּכ ָך the Kohen shall compute for him the proportionate 23 ַעד שׁ ְ ַנת ַה ּי ֵֹבל ְו ָנ ַתן ֶא ָת־ה ֶעְר ְּכ ָך ַּב ּיוֹם assessment up to the jubilee year, and he shall pay ַה ּהוא ֶקֹדשׁ ַל ָיהֹוה׃ the assessment as of that day, a sacred donation to Hashem. כד ִּבשׁ ְ ַנת ַה ּי ֵוֹבל ָישׁ ּוב ַה ָּשׂ ֶדה ַל ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ָק ָנ ּהו In the jubilee year the land shall revert to him from 24 ֵמ ִא ּתוֹ ַל ֲאשׁ ֶ ר־לוֹ ֲא ֻחַ ּזת ָה ָאֶרץ׃ .whom it was bought, whose holding the land is כה ְו ָכ ֶל־עְר ְּכ ָך ִי ְהֶיה ְּבשׁ ֶ ֶקל ַה ּק ֶֹדשׁ ֶע ְשׂ ִרים ,All assessments shall be by the sanctuary weight 25 ֵּגָרה ִי ְהֶיה ַהשָּׁ ֶקל׃ .the shekel being twenty geira כו ַא ְך ְּ־בכוֹר ֲאשׁ ֶ ְר־י ֻב ַּכר ַל ָיהֹוה ִּב ְב ֵה ָמה A firstling of animals, however, which—as a 26 ַלֹא־י ְק ִ ּדישׁ ִאישׁ אֹתוֹ ִאם־שׁ וֹר ִא ֶם־שׂה firstling—isHashem ’s, cannot be consecrated by ַל ָיהֹוה ּהוא׃ .anybody; whether ox or sheep, it is Hashem’s כז ְו ִאם ַּב ְּב ֵה ָמה ַה ְּט ֵמ ָאה ּו ָפ ָדה ְב ֶעְר ֶּכ ָך But if it is of unclean animals, it may be ransomed 27 ְוָי ַסף ֲח ִמשׁ ִ תוֹ ָע ָליו ְו ִאם־לֹא ִי ָּג ֵאל as its assessment, with one-fifth added; if it is not ְו ִנ ְמ ַּכר ְּב ֶעְר ֶּכ ָך׃ .redeemed, it shall be sold at its assessment כח ַא ְך ָּ־כ ֵל־חֶרם ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ַי ֲחִרם ִאישׁ ַל ָיהֹוה But of all that anyone owns, be it man or beast or 28 ִמ ָּכ ֲל־אשׁ ֶ ר־לוֹ ֵמ ָא ָדם ּו ְב ֵה ָמה ּו ִמ ְּשׂ ֵדה land of his holding, nothing that he has proscribed ֲא ֻחָ ּזתוֹ לֹא ִי ָּמ ֵכר ְולֹא ִי ָּג ֵאל ָּכ ֵל־חֶרם for Hashem may be sold or redeemed; every ֶקֹדשׁ ָ־ק ָדשׁ ִ ים ּהוא ַל ָיהֹוה׃ .proscribed thing is totally consecrated to Hashem כט ָּכ ֵל־חֶרם ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ָי ֳחַרם ִמ ָן־ה ָא ָדם לֹא No human being who has been proscribed can be 29 ִי ָּפ ֶדה מוֹת ּיו ָמת׃ .ransomed: he shall be put to death

96 ויקרא זכ Vayikra/Leviticus 27 יתקחב Bechukotai Leviticus ל ְו ָכ ַל־מ ְע ַשׂר ָה ָאֶרץ ִמֶ ּזַרע ָה ָאֶרץ ִמ ְּפִרי All tithes from the land, whether seed from the 30 ָה ֵעץ ַל ָיהֹוה ּהוא ֶקֹדשׁ ַל ָיהֹוה׃ ground or fruit from the tree, are Hashem’s; they are holy to Hashem. v’-khol ma-SAR ha-A-retz mi-ZE-ra ha-A-retz mi-p’-REE ha-AYTZ la-do-NAI HU KO-desh la-do-NAI לא ְו ִא ָּם־גאֹל ִי ְג ַאל ִאישׁ ִמ ַּמ ַע ְשׂרוֹ If anyone wishes to redeem any of his tithes, he 31 ֲח ִמשׁ ִ יתוֹ ֵיֹסף ָע ָליו׃ .must add one-fifth to them לב ְו ָכ ַל־מ ְע ַשׂר ָּב ָקר ָוצֹאן ּכֹל ֲאשׁ ֶ ַר־י ֲעבֹר All tithes of the herd or flock—of all that passes 32 ַּת ַחת ַהשָּׁ ֶבט ָה ֲע ִשׂ ִירי ִי ְהֶי ּה־ק ֶֹדשׁ under the shepherd’s staff, every tenth one—shall ַל ָיהֹוה׃ .be holy to Hashem לג לֹא ְי ַב ֵּקר ֵּבין־טוֹב ָלַרע ְולֹא ְי ִמ ֶיר ּנּו ,He must not look out for good as against bad 33 ְו ִא ָם־ה ֵמר ְי ִמ ֶיר ּנּו ְו ָהָי ּה־הוא ּו ְת ּמוָרתוֹ or make substitution for it. If he does make ִי ְהֶי ֶה־קֹדשׁ לֹא ִי ָּג ֵאל׃ substitution for it, then it and its substitute shall both be holy: it cannot be redeemed. לד ֵא ֶּלה ַה ִּמ ְצוׂת ֲאשׁ ֶ ר ִצָּוה ְי ָהֹוה ֶאת־ These are the commandments thatHashem gave 34 מֹשׁ ֶ ה ֶא ְּל־ב ֵני ִי ְשׂ ָר ֵאל ְּב ַהר ִס ָיני׃ .Moshe for B’nei Yisrael on Har Sinai

27:30 All tithes from the land The laws of the tithes This tithe must be eaten in Yerushalayim, or redeemed serve as another reminder that our successes in for coins with which to purchase and eat food in the life should be attributed to Hashem, the source of holy city. By separating one tenth of his produce and everything in this world. This verse describes the bringing it to Hashem’s capital city, the farmer is forced second tithe, one tenth of a farmer’s produce that is to to remember that all of his produce is a gift from God; be separated after the first tithe is set aside for theLeviim . not merely the result of his own efforts.

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Biographies of The Israel BibleScholars

Ahuva Balofsky — Ahuva grew up in Toronto, Canada and obtained her B.A. Hons. and B.Ed. at York University. She taught Bible, Rabbinics and English at the Community Hebrew Academy of Toronto. After moving to Israel in 2004 with her family, she completed a Master’s degree in Bible at Bar Ilan University. Rabbi Avi Baumol — Rabbi Baumol, a pulpit Rabbi and Jewish educator, is currently serving the Jewish community of Krakow, Poland. He earned a B.A. from Yeshiva University and an M.A. in Jewish History from the Bernard Revel Graduate School. Rabbi Baumol is an alumnus of Yeshivat Har Etzion and received Rabbinic Ordination from Yeshiva University. He is the author of “The Poetry of Prayer; Tehillim in Tefillah,” Gefen Publishing, Jerusalem 2009. Rabbi Yaakov Beasley — Rabbi Beasley has been lecturing passionately on Bible in different venues in Israel and abroad for almost twenty years. His essays and articles on Bible study appear regularly in leading magazines. Rabbi Beasley is also the editor of the groundbreaking series on the Pentateuch, Torah MiEtzion, and is completing advanced Bible studies at Bar Ilan University. When not teaching, he enjoys the company of his family in their home in the Judean mountains. Josh Even-Chen — Josh is a native of North Carolina, but has called Israel his home ever since immigrating to Israel with his family in 1978. Josh graduated from Bar-Ilan University and completed a teaching degree. He now works as a tour guide who is popular with diverse groups of varied ages and backgrounds. He lives in Ma’aleh Adumim with his wife Chana and their six children. Rabbi Shmuel Jablon — Rabbi Jablon is a highly experienced Jewish educator, having served as an administrator and teacher in American Jewish day schools for over two decades. He is a rabbinic graduate of the Hebrew Theological College (“Skokie Yeshiva”), holds a Masters Degree in Education and is a member of the Rabbinical Council of America. In the summer of 5774 (2014), he fulfilled a life-long dream by making aliyah to Israel with his family.

127 Batya Markowitz — Batya is a two-time National Bible Contest winner. Growing up in Toronto, her dream was to make aliyah to Israel and become a Bible teacher. Today, Batya lives with her husband in the heart of Jerusalem, fulfilling both of those goals. Since receiving a degree in Jewish Education at Michlalah Jerusalem College, she has been teaching Jewish studies at the elementary, junior high and post high school levels. Shira Schechter – Shira graduated from Stern College with a BA in Judaic studies and received masters’ degrees in education and Bible from the Azrieli and the Bernard Revel graduate schools of Yeshiva University. Shira also studied at the Yeshiva University Graduate Program for women in Advanced Talmudic Studies, and was a teaching fellow at the Rabbi Soloveitchik Institute in Boston. Prior to making aliyah in 2013, Shira taught Bible to high school students in New Jersey. Rabbi Noam Shapiro — Rabbi Shapiro studied at Yeshivat Har Etzion and has rabbinic ordination from Yeshiva University’s Rabbi Isaac Elchanan Theological Seminary. Originally from Boston, Massachusetts, Rabbi Shapiro has taught Torah topics at high schools and Seminaries in the United States and Israel. Rabbi Shapiro also served as an editor for the Koren Talmud Bavli with commentary by Rabbi Adin Steinsaltz. He currently lives with his family in Gush Etzion, Israel. Alexander Jacob Tsykin –Born in Melbourne, Rabbi Tsykin studied in Mount Scopus Memorial College for thirteen years before spending three years at Yeshivat Har Etzion pursuing advanced studies in Jewish law. He studied for two years in Monash University, Australia, and two years in Yeshiva University, New York, where he completed a degree in Jewish Studies focusing on Modern Jewish History. Alexander lives in Alon Shevut, Israel, with his wife and son. Rabbi Naphtali (“Tuly”) Weisz — Rabbi Weisz attended Yeshiva University (BA), the Rabbi Isaac Elchanan Theological Seminary (Rabbinic Ordination) and the Benjamin Cardozo School of Law (JD). He served as the Rabbi of the Beth Jacob Congregation in Columbus, Ohio before making Aliyah. Rabbi Weisz founded Israel365 and the Yeshiva for the Nations and serves as the publisher of Breaking Israel News. He is also the editor of The Israel Bible.

128 Bibliography

This bibliography contains a short biography of the scholars and historical figures mentioned in the commentary ofThe Israel Bible.

Aaronsohn, Sarah (1890–1917) — Born in Zichron Yaakov, Aaronsohn and her siblings co-founded Nili, a Jewish, pro-British espionage group, established to help liberate Palestine from Ottoman rule. Aaronsohn was captured and tortured by the Turks, and killed herself before revealing anything to her torturers. Abrabanel, Rabbi Yitzchak (1437–1508) — Born in Portugal, Abrabanel fled to Spain in 1483. He was a statesman, philosopher and Bible commentator. He tried to convince King Ferdinand to revoke the edict expelling the Jews from Spain in 1492 but was unsuccessful. Agnon, Shmuel Yosef (1888–1970) — Born in Buczacz, Galicia, Agnon immigrated to Israel in 1908. An Israeli writer, his works are published under .(שי) his initials S.Y. Agnon, and he is known in Hebrew by his acronym Shai One of the most admired Israeli authors of the 20th century, Agnon was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1966. Albo, Rabbi Joseph (1380–1444) — Born in Spain, Albo was a Jewish rabbi and philosopher during the 15th century. He is best known for his philosophical work, Book of the Principles, in which he discusses the fundamental beliefs of Judaism. Allon, Yigal (1918–1980) — Born in Kfar Tavor, Israel, Allon was a commander of the Palmach, a general in the IDF and an Israeli politician. He briefly served as interim Prime Minister of the State of Israel in 1969, following the death of Prime Minister Levi Eshkol. Altschuler, Rabbi David (18th century) — Commonly known by the name of his commentary, Metzudat David, he lived in Galicia where he died a martyr’s death. The Metzudat David commentary is considered basic for understanding the books of the prophets. Aviner, Rabbi Shlomo (b. 1943) – Born in France, Aviner immigrated to Israel at age 23. He served in the Israeli Defense Forces and studied under

129 Rabbi Tzvi Yehuda Kook. He is the Rabbi of Beit El and head of the Ateret Yerushalayim seminary in the Old City of Jerusalem. He is the author of many books, including a commentary on the Book of Judges. Barak, Ehud (b. 1942) — Born in Kibbutz Mishmar Hasharon, Barak is an Israeli politician who served as Israel’s tenth Prime Minister from 1999–2001. He served in the IDF for 35 years and, along with two others, is the most decorated soldier in Israel’s history. Barbivai, Orna (b. 1962) — Born in Afula, Barbivai is a Major-General in the IDF and former head of its manpower directorate. She is the first woman to have been promoted to the rank of Major-General in the Israel Defense Forces. Bar-Ilan, Rabbi Meir (1880–1949) — Born in Russia, Bar-Ilan moved to the United States in 1915 where he became an important leader of the Mizrachi Religious Zionist Movement. He moved to Israel in 1926 where he continued to lead Mizrachi and the struggle for a Jewish state. Bar Ilan University is named in his memory. Barkat, Nir (b. 1959) — Born in Jerusalem, Barkat is an Israeli businessman and politician who has served as the mayor of Jerusalem since 2008. Bazak, Rabbi Amnon (b. 1966) – Born in Jerusalem, Bazak is a teacher of Talmud at Yeshivat Har Etzion in Alon Shevut. He is an expert in the Bible, and teaches Bible classes at the Herzog teacher’s college. He has published a number of books on the Bible. Begin, Menachem (1913–1992) — Born in Belarus, Begin became an Israeli politician, founder of the Israeli political party Likud and 6th Prime Minister of the State of Israel. Before the establishment of the State, he headed the Zionist paramilitary organization called the Irgun. As Prime Minister, Begin signed a peace treaty with Egypt in 1979, for which he and Anwar Sadat were awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. Ben-Gurion, David (1886–1973) — Born in Poland, Ben-Gurion immigrated to Israel in 1906. He is considered Israel’s “founding father,” as he formally declared the establishment of the State on May 14, 1948, and was the first to sign the Israeli Declaration of Independence which he helped write. Ben-Gurion served as the first Prime Minister of Israel. Ben-Zvi, Yitzchak (1884–1963) — Born in the Ukraine, Ben-Zvi immigrated to the Land of Israel in 1907. He was a historian and a leader of

130 the Labor Zionist movement. He served as the second president of the State of Israel from 1952 until his death in 1963. Berlin, Rabbi Naftali Tzvi Yehuda (1816–1893) — Born in Belarus, Berlin is commonly known by his acronym Netziv. He was a Torah scholar and served as dean of the esteemed talmudical college of Volozhin from 1854 until it closed in 1892. Berlin authored a number of works on rabbinic literature as well as a commentary on the Bible. Bialik, Chaim Nachman (1873–1934) — Born in the Ukraine, Bialik moved to Tel Aviv in 1924. He was one of the pioneers of Hebrew poetry and his works contributed to the revival of the Hebrew language. He became known as Israel’s national poet. Blech, Rabbi Benjamin (b. 1933) — Born in Zurich, Blech is a professor of Talmud at Yeshiva University in New York. He served as Rabbi of the Young Israel of Oceanside and has authored numerous books including The Secrets of Hebrew Words. Braverman, Sarah (1919–2013) — Born in Romania, Braverman immigrated to Israel at a young age. She was a member of the Palmach, parachuted into Europe with the Jewish heroine Chana Senesh, and established the IDF Women’s Corps. She is affectionately known as the “first lady of the IDF.” Carlebach, Rabbi Shlomo (1925–1994) — Born in Berlin, Carlebach moved to New York in 1939. He was a rabbi, religious teacher, composer and singer. He is known as one of the foremost Jewish religious songwriters of the century as well as a pioneer of the “baal teshuva movement,” working to draw unaffiliated Jews back to Judaism. Clorfene, Rabbi Chaim (b. 1939) — Born in Chicago, Illinois, Clorfene resides in Safed, Israel. He is a recognized authority on the Third Temple and the Messianic era, has authored numerous books, and produced multiple audio dramas and video presentations on the Third Temple and other Jewish topics. Dayan, Moshe (1915–1981) — Born on Kibbutz Degania Alef, Dayan was the second child born on the first Israeli kibbutz. He was an Israeli military leader and politician, known for his role as Israeli Defense Minister during the 1967 Six-Day War as well as for his signature eye patch. Eban, Abba (1915–2002) — Born in South Africa, Eban immigrated to Israel in 1940. He was a scholar of both Arabic and Hebrew as well as an

131 Israeli diplomat and politician. Some of his different positions included Israeli Foreign Affairs Minister, Education Minister, Deputy Prime Minister, Ambassador to the United States and to the United Nations. Eshkol, Levi (1895–1969) — Born in the Ukraine, Eshkol immigrated to the Land of Israel in 1914. He served as Israel’s fourth Prime Minister from 1963 until his death in 1969. Ginsberg, Asher (1856–1927) — Born in Russia, Ginsberg moved to Israel in 1922. He was a Hebrew essayist and is considered the founder of cultural Zionism. He is primarily known by his Hebrew pen name Achad Ha’am. Glazerson, Rabbi Matityahu (b. 1937) — Born in K’far Saba, Glazerson is a rabbi, teacher, musician and composer. In his teaching, he focuses on the meaning behind the Hebrew letters and their numerical value. He has authored over 30 books. Hakham, Rabbi Amos (1921–2012) — Born in Jerusalem, Hakham was a master of the Hebrew Bible and a scholar. He was the winner of the first International Bible Contest held in Israel in 1958. Hakham authored the commentary on a number of books for the Da’at Mikra Bible series, including the commentary on the Book of Psalms. Halevi, Rabbi Judah (c. 1080 — c. 1145) – Born in Spain, Halevi was a physician, poet and philosopher. He wrote The Kuzari in defense of the teachings of Judaism. His is known to have had an intense yearning for the Holy land, and is famous for writing “My heart is in the east, and I in the uttermost west.” He died shortly after arriving in Israel. Hertz, Rabbi Joseph Herman (1872–1946) — Born in Hungary, Hertz was a rabbi and Bible scholar, and edited a notable commentary on the Pentateuch. He was the Chief Rabbi of the United Kingdom from 1913– 1946. Hirsch, Rabbi Samson Raphael (1808–1888) — Born in France, Hirsch was a rabbi in Frankfurt-Main and the leader of modern German-Jewish Orthodoxy. He wrote a six-volume commentary on the Pentateuch. Horowitz, Rabbi Yeshaya (1565–1630) — Born in Prague, Horowitz immigrated to the Land of Israel in 1621. He was a prominent rabbi and kabbalist and is also known as the Shelah ha-Kadosh (the holy Shelah). Ibn Ezra, Rabbi Abraham (1089–1164) — Born in Tuleda, Navarre, Ibn Ezra was a philosopher, poet, mathematician, astronomer, linguist and

132 biblical exegete. His commentary is included in most common editions of the Hebrew Bible that contain rabbinic commentary. Ickovitz, Rabbi Chaim (1749–1821) – Born in Volozhin, Ickovitz is commonly known as Rabbi Chaim of Volozhin. A rabbi, Talmudist and ethicist, he was the founder of the famed Volozhin talmudical college. He authored Nefesh HaChaim, a work of religious philosophy. Jacob son of Asher (c. 1275 — c. 1340) – Born in Germany, he was an influential medieval rabbi, often called the Baal HaTurim, after his main work on Jewish law, the Arbaah Turim, the Four Rows. He wrote two commentaries on the Pentateuch; a concise commentary of mystical and symbolic references in the Torah, and an exegetical commentary. Kaplan, Rabbi Aryeh (1934–1983) — Born in the Bronx, New York, Kaplan was a rabbi, educator and author. He is considered an original thinker and was known for his knowledge of physics and kabbalah. Kaplan authored numerous works on a variety of topics including the Bible, Talmud, mysticism, Jewish beliefs and philosophy. Keel, Yehuda (1916–2011) — Born in Saint Petersburg, Russia, Keel immigrated to Israel in 1936. He was an educator and Bible commentator and served as the head of the religious education department of the Israel Ministry of Education. He headed the Da’at Mikra biblical commentary project and was awarded the Israel Prize for Jewish studies in 1992. Kimchi, Rabbi David (1160–1235) — Born in Provence, Kimchi is commonly known by his acronym Radak. A rabbi, philosopher and grammarian, he wrote a widely-studied commentary on the Bible. Kook, Rabbi Abraham Isaac (1865–1935) — Born in Latvia, Kook immigrated to Israel in 1904. He was the first Ashkenazi Chief Rabbi of the Land of Israel, founder of the Mercaz HaRav academy and is viewed as one of the fathers of Religious Zionism. He was well known for his tremendous love for others and for his intellectual leadership helping to establish a Jewish State in the Land of Israel. Kook, Rabbi Tzvi Yehuda (1891–1982) — Born in Lithuania, Kook immigrated to Israel in 1904. He was a Rabbi and leader of Religious Zionism and the only son of Rabbi Abraham Isaac Kook. He served as head of the Mercaz HaRav seminary as well as the editor of many of his late father’s works. He continued in his father’s path of Religious Zionism and was

133 instrumental in encouraging Jews to settle in areas liberated during the Six Day War. Kollek, Theodore (1911–2007) — Born in Hungary in 1911, Kollek immigrated to Israel in 1935. He served as mayor of Jerusalem for 28 years from 1965–1993, and dedicated himself to developing the city and was awarded the Israel Prize in 1988 for his contributions to society and the State of Israel. Kremer, Rabbi Elijah (1720–1797) — Born in Lithuania, Kremer was a Talmudist, a master of Jewish law and a kabbalist. Because of his brilliance and mastery of text he is known as the “Genius of Vilna.” Leibowitz, Nechama (1905–1997) — Born in Riga, Latvia, Leibowitz immigrated to the Land of Israel in 1930. She was a Bible scholar and master educator who inspired many to study the Bible. She was known for her worksheets containing questions on the weekly Torah portion which she would personally review, correct and return. Leibtag, Rabbi Menachem (b. 1958) – Born in Ohio, Leibtag immigrated to Israel where he is a Bible scholar, noted lecturer and pioneer of Jewish education on the internet. He teaches a thematic-analytic approach to biblical study, emphasizing biblical theme and structure, that combines traditional Jewish approaches with modern scholarship. Levi ben Gershon (1288–1344) — Born in France, he is commonly known by his acronym Ralbag or Gersonides. He was a philosopher, mathematician, astronomer, Talmudist and Bible commentator. Levin, Rabbi Aryeh (1885–1969) — Born in Poland, Levin was a rabbi and scholar known for his warmth, kindness, humility and love of every person. After immigrating to Israel, he became known as the “Father of the Prisoners” for his role as Jewish prison chaplain, bringing love, encouragement and hope to those behind bars. Lichtman, Rabbi Moshe — Born in New Jersey, Lichtman immigrated to Israel in 1991. He is a rabbi, teacher and author, and is known for his translations of various Hebrew texts and for his work, Eretz Yisrael in the Parshah and A Drop in the Ocean. Luntschitz, Rabbi Shlomo Ephraim (1550–1619) — Born in Poland, Luntschitz served as the Rabbi of Prague from 1604–1619 and was best known for his Torah commentary Kli Yakar.

134 Luria, Rabbi Isaac (1534–1572) — Born in Jerusalem, Luria is commonly known as the Arizal (the Ari of blessed memory). He became a rabbi and Jewish kabbalist in the mystical city of Safed. He is considered to be the father of contemporary Jewish mysticism. Maimonides (1135–1204) — Born in Spain, Maimonides is commonly known as Rambam, the acronym of his name Rabbi Moshe ben (son of) Maimon. He was a preeminent Jewish legal scholar and philosopher, as well as a renowned physician. His numerous works include “The Guide for the Perplexed,” the main source of his philosophical views, and the “Mishneh Torah,” his seminal codification of Jewish law. He is buried in Tiberias, Israel. Meir, Golda (1898–1978) — Born in Kiev, Meir immigrated first to the United States and then to the Land of Israel in 1921. She served as Israel’s fourth Prime Minister, the only woman to have held this position to date. Meir Simcha of Dvinsk (1843–1926) — Born in Lithuania, he was a rabbi and prominent leader of the Orthodox Jewish community of Eastern Europe. He is known for his writings on Maimonides’ work of Jewish law, called Ohr Sameach, as well as his commentary on the Torah called Meshech Chochmah. Meiri, Rabbi Menachem (1249- c. 1310) — Born in Southern France, Meiri was a rabbi and Talmudic scholar. His commentary on the Talmud is considered one of the most monumental works on the Talmud. Morgensztern, Rabbi Menachem Mendel (1787–1859) — Born in Poland, Morgensztern is also known as the Kotzker Rebbe. He was a Hasidic rabbi and leader, known for his sharp-witted sayings and down-to-earth philosophies. Munk, Rabbi Michael (1905–1985) — Born in Berlin, Munk was an educator, author and activist. He founded the Adath Yisrael Synagogue of Hendon in London, and was the founding principal of the largest Orthodox Jewish school for girls in America. Nahmanides (1194–1270) – Born in Spain, Rabbi Moshe ben (son of) Nachman is also known by his acronym the Ramban. He was one of the leading Torah scholars of the Middle Ages, and authored numerous works on Torah subjects, including a famed commentary on the Pentateuch. Navon, Yitzchak (1921–2015) — Born in Jerusalem, Navon became an Israeli political and diplomat, author, and linguist. He served as the fifth president of the State of Israel from 1978–1983.

135 Netanyahu, Benjamin (b. 1949) — Born in Tel Aviv, Netanyahu is an Israeli politician, a veteran of an elite unit of the Israel Defense Forces, and a graduate of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. In March 2015, he was elected to his fourth term as Prime Minister of the State of Israel. Peres, Shimon (1923–2016) — Born in Poland, Peres immigrated to Israel in 1934. He was an Israeli politician who served as Prime Minister from 1984–1986, and from 1995–1996. He was also Israel’s ninth president from 2007–2014. Rabin, Yitzchak (1922–1995) — Born in Jerusalem, Rabin was an Israeli politician who served two terms as Prime Minister of the State of Israel, from 1974–1977 and again from 1992 until his assassination in 1995. Riskin, Rabbi Shlomo (b. 1940) — Born in Brooklyn, Riskin served as a rabbi in New York before immigrating to Israel in 1983 to become the founding chief rabbi of Efrat. He is also the founder and chancellor of Ohr Torah Stone, a network of Jewish educational institutions in America and Israel. Rivlin, Reuven (b. 1939) — Born in Jerusalem, Rivlin is an Israeli lawyer and politician who has been serving as Israel’s 10th president since 2014. Rosen, Rabbi Joseph (1858–1936) — Born in Rogachev, Belarus, Rosen was one of the most prominent Talmudic scholars of the early 20th century. He is known as the “Genius of Rogachev” because of his photographic memory and his ability to use seemingly unrelated Talmudic passages to elucidate a question or area of Jewish law under discussion. Sacks, Rabbi Lord Jonathan (b. 1948) — Born in London, England, Sacks is a rabbi, scholar and philosopher, and has authored more than 25 books. Sacks served as the Chief Rabbi of the United Hebrew Congregations of the Commonwealth for 22 years. Schneerson, Rabbi Menachem Mendel (1902–1994) — Born in Russia, Schneerson immigrated to the United States in 1941. He was the last leader of the Chabad-Lubavitch Hasidic movement and one of the most influential Jewish leaders of the 20th century. Senesh, Chana (1921–1944) – Born in Hungary, Senesh immigrated to Israel in 1939. She was one of the 37 Jews from Mandatory Palestine parachuted into Yugoslavia by the British Army in an effort to save Jews from deportation to Auschwitz. She was ultimately caught and executed. She is remembered for her heroism as well as her poetry.

136 Sforno, Rabbi Obadiah (c. 1470- 1550) — Born in Italy, Sforno was a rabbi, philosopher and physician. His commentary on the Bible often reflects his knowledge of natural sciences. His commentaries on Ecclesiastes and Song of Songs were dedicated to King Henry II of France, demonstrating a close relationship between them. Shamir, Yitzchak (1915–2012) — Born in Ruzinoy, Poland, Shamir immigrated to the Land of Israel in 1935. He was an Israeli politician who served as both Israel’s eighth and tenth Prime Minister, from 1983–1984 and 1986–1992. Sharansky, Natan (b. 1948) — Born in the former Soviet Union, Sharansky is an Israeli politician and human rights activist and a former Russian refusenik. He immigrated to Israel following his release from Soviet prison in 1986, and has served as Chairman of the Executive of the Jewish Agency since 2009. Sharett, Moshe (1894–1965) — Born in the Ukraine, Sharett immigrated to Israel in 1906. He was the second Prime Minister of the State of Israel, serving from 1954–1955, and also served as Israel’s Foreign Minister from 1955–1956. Sharon, Ariel (1928–2014) — Born in the Israeli agricultural community of Kfar Malal, Sharon was an Israeli general and politician. He served as Israel’s eleventh Prime Minister from 2001–2006. Shazar, Zalman (1889–1974) — Born in Belarus, Shazar immigrated to Israel in 1924. An Israeli politician, author and poet, he was the president of the State of Israel from 1963–1973. Shemer, Naomi (1930–2004) — Born on Kibbutz Kvutzat Kinneret, Shemer became a well-known Israeli singer, songwriter and composer. Her most famous song, Yerushalayim shel zahav, Jerusalem of Gold, was written in 1967 and is considered by some to be an informal second Israeli national anthem. Shlomo son of Yitzchak (1040–1105) — Born in France, he is commonly known by his acronym Rashi. He wrote extensive commentaries on the Bible and Talmud, and his comments are considered the most basic for understanding both the Pentateuch and the Talmud. Shneur Zalman of Liadi (1745–1812) – Born in Belarus, he was the founder of the Chabad-Lubavitch dynasty of Hasidic Judaism. He is known as the Baal Hatanya, the Master of the Tanya, for his work on Hasidic Jewish

137 philosophy and is author of various works on Jewish philosophy, law and prayer. Slifkin, Rabbi Natan (b. 1975) — Born in England, Slifkin immigrated to Israel where he is a rabbi, educator and author popularly known as the “Zoo Rabbi.” He has authored texts on zoology and science and their relationship to the Torah, and is the director of the Biblical Museum of Natural History in Beit Shemesh, Israel. Soloveitchik, Rabbi Joseph B. (1903–1993) – Born in Poland, Soloveitchik was a renowned religious leader, Talmudic scholar, author and modern Jewish philosopher. He headed the rabbinical school of Yeshiva University in New York. Sorotzkin, Rabbi Zalman (1881–1966) – Born in Lithuania, Sorotzkin was a Torah commentator who published a commentary on the Pentateuch known as Oznaim L’Torah. Stavsky, Rabbi David (1930–2004) — Born in New York City, Stavsky was ordained at the Rabbi Isaac Elchanan Theological Seminary. He was a chaplain in the U.S. Army and the rabbi of Beth Jacob Congregation in Columbus, Ohio from 1957 until his death in 2004. Teichman, Rabbi Zvi — Rabbi and head of the Torah study program at Ohel Moshe in Baltimore, Maryland. He has been involved in Jewish education for over 25 years and authored Eretz HaTzvi, a guide to the commandments that pertain specifically to the Land of Israel. Weiser, Rabbi Meir Leibush (1809–1879) — Born in Volochisk, Volhynia, Weiser is known by his acronym, Malbim. He was a rabbi, master of Hebrew grammar and a Bible commentator. He is known for his principle that every word in the Torah carries its own meaning, even distinct from its synonyms. Weizmann, Chaim (1874–1952) — Born in Belarus, Weizmann immigrated to Israel, settling in Rechovot in 1937, and served as the first president of the State of Israel from 1949–1952. A biochemist, he founded the Weizmann Institute of Science in Rechovot, Israel and helped establish the Hebrew University in Jerusalem. Wiesel, Elie (1928–2016) — Born in Romania, Weisel was a professor, political activist and the author of 57 books. A Holocaust survivor, his writings are considered among the most significant in Holocaust literature. Willig, Rabbi Mordechai (b. 1947) — Born in New York, Willig has been the rabbi and spiritual leader of the Young Israel of Riverdale synagogue

138 since 1974. He is also a renowned scholar and professor of Talmud at Yeshiva University in New York. Yadin, Yigael (1917–1984) — Born in Jerusalem, Yadin was an Israeli archeologist, politician and the second Chief of Staff of the Israel Defense Forces. Yogev, Motti (b. 1956) — Born in Haifa, Yogev is an Israeli politician and member of the Israeli parliament. He previously served as secretary general of the Israeli branch of Bnei Akiva, the largest religious Zionist youth movement in the world, as well as deputy chairman of the Mateh Binyamin Regional Council.

139 Hebrew Name English Name Pronunciation Hebrew ַע ִּמ ֵיאל Amiel Ammiel a-mee-AYL ַע ִּמ ָינ ָדב Aminadav Amminadab a-mee-na-DAV List of Transliterated Words ֲא ִמ ַּתי Amitai Amittai a-mi-TAI in The Israel Bible ַא ְמנֹן Amnon Amnon am-NON ָאמוֹ ן Amon Amon a-MON The following is a list of nouns which have been transliterated into Hebrew ָעמוֹ ס Amos Amos a-MOS :in the English translation and commentary of The Israel Bible ָאמוֹ ץ Amotz Amoz a-MOTZ ַע ְמָרם Amram Amram am-RAM ֲע ָנתוֹ ת Anatot Anathoth a-na-TOT Hebrew Name English Name Pronunciation Hebrew ֲארוֹ ן Aron Ark a-RON ָע ָכן Achan Achan a-KHAN ֲארוֹן ַה ְּבִרית Aron HaBrit Ark of the Covenant a-RON ha-b’-REET ַא ְח ָאב Achav Ahab akh-AV ַ א ְ ר ּ ַ פ ְ כ שׁ ָ ד Arpachshad Arpachshad ar-pakh-SHAD ָא ָחז Achaz Ahaz a-KHAZ ָא ָסא Asa Asa a-SA ֲא ַחְזָי ּהו Achazyahu Ahaziah a-khaz-YA-hu ֲע ָש ֵׂהאל Asael Asahel a-sah-AYL ֲא ִח ֶיעֶזר Achiezer Ahiezer a-khee-E-zer ָא ָסף Asaf Asaph a-SAF ֲא ִח ּיהוד Achihud Ahihud a-khee-HUD ַ א שׁ ְ ּ ד ֹ ו ד Ashdod Ashdod ash-DOD ֲא ִח ָיקם Achikam Ahikam a-khee-KAM ָ א שׁ ֵ ר Asher Asher a-SHAYR ֲא ִח ּילוד Achilud Ahilud a-khee-LUD ַ א שׁ ְ ְ ק ל ֹ ו ן Ashkelon Ashkelon ash-k’-LON ֲא ִח ֶימ ֶל ְך Achimelech Ahimelech a-khee-ME-lekh ֲע ַת ְלָיה Atalya Athaliah a-tal-YAH ֲא ִח ַירע Achira Ahira a-khee-RA ַע ְב ּדוֹ ן Avdon Abdon av-DON ֲא ִח ָיס ָמ ְך Achisamach Ahisamach a-khee-sa-MAKH ֲא ִב ַיחִיל Avichayil Abihail a-vee-KHA-yil ֲא ִח ֶיתֹפל Achitofel Ahithophel a-khee-TO-fel ֲא ִב ָידן Avidan Abidan a-vee-DAN ֲא ִח ּיטוב Achituv Ahitub a-khee-TUV ֲא ִב ַיגִיל Avigail Abigail a-vee-GA-yil ֲא ִחָּיה Achiya Ahijah a-khi-YAH ֲא ִב ּיהוא Avihu Abihu a-vee-HU ָא ָדם Adam Adam a-DAM ֲא ִב ֶימ ֶל ְך Avimelech Abimelech a-vee-ME-lekh ֲא ָדר Adar Adar a-DAR ֲא ִב ָינ ָדב Avinadav Abinadab a-vee-na-DAV ֲא ִדֹנָּי ּהו Adoniyahu Adonijah a-do-ni-YA-hu ֲא ִב ָירם Aviram Abiram a-vee-RAM ֲע ֻד ָּלם Adulam Adullam a-du-LAM ֲ א ִ ב י שׁ ַ י Avishai Abishai a-vee-SHAI ָא ּגור Agur Agur a-GUR ֲא ִבָּיה Aviya Abijah a-vi-YAH ַא ֲהרֹן Aharon Aaron a-ha-RON ֲא ִבָּים Aviyam Abijam a-vi-YAM ֲע ָמ ָשׂא Amasa Amasa a-ma-SA ַא ְב ֵנר Avner Abner av-NAYR ֲא ַמ ְצָיה Amatzya Amaziah a-matz-YAH ַא ְבָר ָהם Avraham Abraham av-ra-HAM ָא ֵמן Amen Amen a-MAYN

140 Hebrew Name English Name Pronunciation Hebrew ַע ִּמ ֵיאל Amiel Ammiel a-mee-AYL ַע ִּמ ָינ ָדב Aminadav Amminadab a-mee-na-DAV ֲא ִמ ַּתי Amitai Amittai a-mi-TAI ַא ְמנֹן Amnon Amnon am-NON ָאמוֹ ן Amon Amon a-MON ָעמוֹ ס Amos Amos a-MOS ָאמוֹ ץ Amotz Amoz a-MOTZ ַע ְמָרם Amram Amram am-RAM ֲע ָנתוֹ ת Anatot Anathoth a-na-TOT ֲארוֹ ן Aron Ark a-RON ֲארוֹן ַה ְּבִרית Aron HaBrit Ark of the Covenant a-RON ha-b’-REET ַ א ְ ר ּ ַ פ ְ כ שׁ ָ ד Arpachshad Arpachshad ar-pakh-SHAD ָא ָסא Asa Asa a-SA ֲע ָש ֵׂהאל Asael Asahel a-sah-AYL ָא ָסף Asaf Asaph a-SAF ַ א שׁ ְ ּ ד ֹ ו ד Ashdod Ashdod ash-DOD ָ א שׁ ֵ ר Asher Asher a-SHAYR ַ א שׁ ְ ְ ק ל ֹ ו ן Ashkelon Ashkelon ash-k’-LON ֲע ַת ְלָיה Atalya Athaliah a-tal-YAH ַע ְב ּדוֹ ן Avdon Abdon av-DON ֲא ִב ַיחִיל Avichayil Abihail a-vee-KHA-yil ֲא ִב ָידן Avidan Abidan a-vee-DAN ֲא ִב ַיגִיל Avigail Abigail a-vee-GA-yil ֲא ִב ּיהוא Avihu Abihu a-vee-HU ֲא ִב ֶימ ֶל ְך Avimelech Abimelech a-vee-ME-lekh ֲא ִב ָינ ָדב Avinadav Abinadab a-vee-na-DAV ֲא ִב ָירם Aviram Abiram a-vee-RAM ֲ א ִ ב י שׁ ַ י Avishai Abishai a-vee-SHAI ֲא ִבָּיה Aviya Abijah a-vi-YAH ֲא ִבָּים Aviyam Abijam a-vi-YAM ַא ְב ֵנר Avner Abner av-NAYR ַא ְבָר ָהם Avraham Abraham av-ra-HAM

141 Hebrew Name English Name Pronunciation Hebrew Hebrew Name English Name Pronunciation Hebrew ַא ְבָרם Avram Abram av-RAM ֲח ָנ ִני Chanani Hanani kha-NA-nee ַ א ְ ב שׁ ָ ל ֹ ו ם Avshalom Absalom av-sha-LOM ֲח ַנ ְנָיה Chananya Hananiah kha-nan-YAH ֲעַזְרָיה Azarya Azariah a-zar-YAH ַח ִנּ ֵיאל Chaniel Hanniel kha-nee-AYL ְ ֲעֵז ָקה Azeika Azekah a-zay-KAH ֲחנוֹ ך Chanoch Enoch kha-NOKH ַעָ ּזה Azza Gaza a-ZAH ַחָּוה Chava Eve kha-VAH ְ ּב ֵני ִי ְשׂ ָר ֵאל B’nei Yisrael The Children of b’-NAY yis-ra-AYL ֲח ַב ּק ּוק Chavakuk Habakkuk kha-va-KUK Israel ֶח ְרמוֹ ן Chermon Hermon kher-MON ָּבָרק Barak Barak ba-rakh-AYL ֶח ְצרוֹ ן Chetzron Hezron khetz-RON ָּב ּרו ְך Baruch Baruch ba-RUKH ֶח ֶבר Chever Heber KHE-ver ַּבְרִז ַּלי Barzilai Barzillai bar-zi-LAI ֶח ְברוֹ ן Chevron Hebron khev-RON ַ ּ ב ְ ע שׁ ָ א Basha Baasa ba-SHA ִח ְל ִקָּי ּהו Chilkiyahu Hilkiah khil-ki-YA-hu ַּבת-שׁ ֶ ַבע Batsheva Bath-sheba bat-SHE-va ִחְז ִקָּי ּהו Chizkiyahu Hezekiah khiz-ki-YA-hu ְ ּ ב ֵ א ר שׁ ֶ ַ ב ע Be’er Sheva Beer-sheba b’-AYR SHE-va ָח ְפ ִני Chofni Hophni khof-NEE ְּב ֵאִרי Be’eri Beeri b’-ay-REE ֻח ְל ָ ּדה Chulda Hulda khul-DAH ֵּבית ָאֶון Beit Aven Beth-aven bayt A-ven ּחור Chur Hur Khur ֵּבית ֵאל Beit El Beth-el bayt el ָ ּדן Dan Dan Dan ֵּבית ַה ִּמ ְק ָ ּדשׁ Beit Hamikdash Temple bayt ha-mik-DASH ָ ּד ִנֵּיאל Daniel Daniel da-ni-YAYL ֵּבית ֶל ֶחם Beit Lechem Beth-lehem bayt LE-khem ָ ּד ָתן Datan Dathan da-TAN ֵּבית ׁ ְש ָאן Beit Shean Beth-shean bayt sh’-AN ָ ּדִוד David David da-VID ֵ ּ ב י ת שׁ ֶ ֶ מ שׁ Beit Shemesh Beth-shemesh bayt SHE-mesh ְ ּדבוֹ ָרה Devora Deborah d’-vo-RAH ֶּבֶר ְכָיה Berechya Berechiah be-rekh-YAH ִד ָינה Dina Dinah DEE-nah ְּב ַצ ְל ֵאל Betzalel Bezalel b’-tzal-AYL ּד ֵוֹאג ָה ֲא ִדֹמי Doeg Ha’adomi Doeg the Edomite do-AYG ha-a-do-MEE ִּב ְל ָהה Bilha Bilhah bil-HAH ֶא ְפָרִים Efraim Ephraim ef-RA-yim ִּב ְנָי ִמין Binyamin Benjamin bin-ya-MIN ֶא ְפָר ָתה Efrat Ephrat ef-RAT ּב ַֹעז Boaz Boaz BO-az ֶא ְפָר ָתה Efrat Ephrathah ef-RA-tah ֻּב ִּקי Buki Bukki bu-KEE ֵא ּהוד Ehud Ehud ay-HUD ּב ּוִזי Buzi Buzi bu-ZEE ֵא ָלה Eila Elah AY-lah ַּכְר ֶמל Carmel Carmel kar-MEL ֵאילוֹן Eilon Elon ay-LON ֲח ַכ ְלָיה Chachalya Hacaliah kha-khal-YAH ֵעין ֶּג ִדי Ein Gedi En-gedi ayn GE-dee ַח ַּגי Chagai Haggai kha-GAI ַהר ֵע ָיבל Mount) Eival (Mount) Ebal ay-VAL) ָח ְג ָלה Chagla Hoglah khag-LAH ֶא ְל ָעָזר Elazar Eleazar el-a-ZAR ַח ָנּ ה Chana Hannah kha-NAH ֶא ְל ָח ָנן Elchanan Elhanan el-kha-NAN ֲח ַנ ְמ ֵאל Chanamel Hanamel kha-nam-AYL ֵע ִלי Eli Eli ay-LEE

142 Hebrew Name English Name Pronunciation Hebrew ֲח ָנ ִני Chanani Hanani kha-NA-nee ֲח ַנ ְנָיה Chananya Hananiah kha-nan-YAH ַח ִנּ ֵיאל Chaniel Hanniel kha-nee-AYL ֲחנוֹ ְך Chanoch Enoch kha-NOKH ַחָּוה Chava Eve kha-VAH ֲח ַב ּק ּוק Chavakuk Habakkuk kha-va-KUK ֶח ְרמוֹ ן Chermon Hermon kher-MON ֶח ְצרוֹ ן Chetzron Hezron khetz-RON ֶח ֶבר Chever Heber KHE-ver ֶח ְברוֹ ן Chevron Hebron khev-RON ִח ְל ִקָּי ּהו Chilkiyahu Hilkiah khil-ki-YA-hu ִחְז ִקָּי ּהו Chizkiyahu Hezekiah khiz-ki-YA-hu ָח ְפ ִני Chofni Hophni khof-NEE ֻח ְל ָ ּדה Chulda Hulda khul-DAH ּחור Chur Hur Khur ָ ּדן Dan Dan Dan ָ ּד ִנֵּיאל Daniel Daniel da-ni-YAYL ָ ּד ָתן Datan Dathan da-TAN ָ ּדִוד David David da-VID ְ ּדבוֹ ָרה Devora Deborah d’-vo-RAH ִד ָינה Dina Dinah DEE-nah ּד ֵוֹאג ָה ֲא ִדֹמי Doeg Ha’adomi Doeg the Edomite do-AYG ha-a-do-MEE ֶא ְפָרִים Efraim Ephraim ef-RA-yim ֶא ְפָר ָתה Efrat Ephrat ef-RAT ֶא ְפָר ָתה Efrat Ephrathah ef-RA-tah ֵא ּהוד Ehud Ehud ay-HUD ֵא ָלה Eila Elah AY-lah ֵאילוֹן Eilon Elon ay-LON ֵעין ֶּג ִדי Ein Gedi En-gedi ayn GE-dee ַהר ֵע ָיבל Mount) Eival (Mount) Ebal ay-VAL) ֶא ְל ָעָזר Elazar Eleazar el-a-ZAR ֶא ְל ָח ָנן Elchanan Elhanan el-kha-NAN ֵע ִלי Eli Eli ay-LEE

143 Hebrew Name English Name Pronunciation Hebrew Hebrew Name English Name Pronunciation Hebrew ֱא ִל ָיאב Eliav Eliab e-lee-AV ְּג ּאו ֵאל Geuel Geuel g’-u-AYL ֱא ִל ָידד Elidad Elidad e-lee-DAD ִּגיחוֹן Gichon Gihon gee-KHON ֱא ִל ֶיעֶזר Eliezer Eliezer e-lee-E-zer ִג ְדעוֹ ן Gidon Gideon gid-ON ֱא ִל ֶימ ֶל ְך Elimelech Elimelech e-lee-ME-lekh ִג ְל ָעד Gilad Gilead gil-AD ֱ א ִ ל י שׁ ָ ע Elisha Elisha e-lee-SHA ִּג ְל ָּגל Gilgal Gilgal gil-GAL ֱ א ִ ל י שׁ ָ ָ מ ע Elishama Elishama e-lee-sha-MA ִּג ְב ָעה Giva Gibeah giv-AH ֱא ִל ׁ ֶיש ַבע Elisheva Elisheba e-lee-SHE-va ִ ּג ְבעוֹ ן Givon Gibeon giv-ON ֱא ִל ָיצ ָפן Elitzafan Eli-zaphan e-lee-tza-FAN ֲה ַד ָּסה Hadassa Hadassah ha-da-SAH ֱא ִל ּיצור Elitzur Elizur e-lee-TZUR ַהר ַה ַּבִית Har HaBayit Temple Mount har ha-BA-yit ֵא ִלָּי ּהו Eliyahu Elijah ay-li-YA-hu ַהר ַהֵ ּז ִיתים Har HaZeitim the Mount of Olives har ha-zay-TEEM ֶא ְל ָק ָנה Hashem Lord/God Elkana Elkanah el-ka-NAH ֶא ְלָי ָסף Elyasaf Eliasaph el-ya-SAF ֵה ָימן Hayman Heman hay-MAN ֶ א ְ ל ָ י שׁ ִ י ב Elyashiv Eliashib el-ya-SHEEV ה ֹ ו שׁ ֵ ַ ע Hoshea Hosea ho-SHAY-a ֱ א נ ֹ ו שׁ Enosh Enosh e-NOSH ִע ּדוֹ Ido Iddo i-DO ֵער Er Er ayr ִע ָּמ ּנו ֵאל Imanu-El Immanuel i-MA-nu ayl ֶאשׁ ְ ָּתאֹל Eshtaol Eshtaol esh-ta-OL ִאישׁ ּ-בֹשׁ ֶ ת Ish-boshet Ish-bosheth eesh BO-shet ֶא ְס ֵּתר Esther Esther es-TAYR ִא ָית ָמר Itamar Ithamar ee-ta-MAR ֶע ֶב ֶד־מ ֶל ְך Eved Melech Ebed-melech E-ved ME-lekh ִא ִית ֵיאל Itiel Ithiel ee-tee-AYL ֶא ֶבן ָה ֶעֶזר Even Ha-Ezer Eben-Ezer E-ven ha-E-zer ִא ְב ָצן Ivtzan Ibzan iv-TZAN ֵע ֶבר Ever Eber AY-ver ִא ּיוֹ ב Iyov Job i-YOV ֶא ְבָי ָתר Evyatar Abiathar ev-ya-TAR ַק ְד ִמ ֵיאל Kadmiel Kadmiel kad-mee-AYL ֶעְזָרא Ezra Ezra ez-RA ָּכ ֵלב Kalev Caleb ka-LAYV ָּגד Gad Gad gad ִ ק י שׁ Keesh Kish keesh ַּג ִ ּדי Gadi Gaddi ga-DEE ְק ָהת Kehat Kohath k’-HAT ַּג ִ ּד ֵיאל Gadiel Gaddiel ga-dee-AYL ֵק ָינן Keinan Kenan kay-NAN ַּג ְמ ִל ֵיאל Gamliel Gamaliel gam-lee-AYL ְק ּמו ֵאל Kemuel Kemuel k’-mu-AYL ְּג ַד ְלָי ּהו (Gedalia Gedaliah g’-dal-YA (hu ְּכ ּרו ִבים Keruvim Cherubim k’-ru-VEEM ְּג ֵדָרה Gedera Gederah g’-day-RAH ִכ ְליוֹ ן Kilyon Chilion kil-YON ַהר ְּגִרִזים Mount) Gerizim (Mount) Gerizim g’-ri-ZEEM) ִקְרַית ַאְר ַּבע Kiryat Arba Kiriath-arba keer-YAT AR-bah ֵ ּ ג ְ ר שׁ ֹ ו ם Gershom Gershom gay-r’-SHOM ִקְרַי ֵת-ס ֶפר Kiryat Sefer Kiriath-sepher keer-YAT SAY-fer ֵ ג ְ ר שׁ ֹ ו ן Gershon Gershon gay-r’-SHON ִקְרַית ְי ָעִרים Kiryat Ye’arim Kiriath-jearim keer-YAT y’-a-REEM ֶ ג שׁ ֶ ם Geshem Geshem GE-shem ִּכ ְס ֵלו Kislev Chislev kis-LAYV

144 Hebrew Name English Name Pronunciation Hebrew ְּג ּאו ֵאל Geuel Geuel g’-u-AYL ִּגיחוֹן Gichon Gihon gee-KHON ִג ְדעוֹ ן Gidon Gideon gid-ON ִג ְל ָעד Gilad Gilead gil-AD ִּג ְל ָּגל Gilgal Gilgal gil-GAL ִּג ְב ָעה Giva Gibeah giv-AH ִ ּג ְבעוֹ ן Givon Gibeon giv-ON ֲה ַד ָּסה Hadassa Hadassah ha-da-SAH ַהר ַה ַּבִית Har HaBayit Temple Mount har ha-BA-yit ַהר ַהֵ ּז ִיתים Har HaZeitim the Mount of Olives har ha-zay-TEEM Hashem Lord/God ֵה ָימן Hayman Heman hay-MAN ה ֹ ו שׁ ֵ ַ ע Hoshea Hosea ho-SHAY-a ִע ּדוֹ Ido Iddo i-DO ִע ָּמ ּנו ֵאל Imanu-El Immanuel i-MA-nu ayl ִאישׁ ּ-בֹשׁ ֶ ת Ish-boshet Ish-bosheth eesh BO-shet ִא ָית ָמר Itamar Ithamar ee-ta-MAR ִא ִית ֵיאל Itiel Ithiel ee-tee-AYL ִא ְב ָצן Ivtzan Ibzan iv-TZAN ִא ּיוֹ ב Iyov Job i-YOV ַק ְד ִמ ֵיאל Kadmiel Kadmiel kad-mee-AYL ָּכ ֵלב Kalev Caleb ka-LAYV ִ ק י שׁ Keesh Kish keesh ְק ָהת Kehat Kohath k’-HAT ֵק ָינן Keinan Kenan kay-NAN ְק ּמו ֵאל Kemuel Kemuel k’-mu-AYL ְּכ ּרו ִבים Keruvim Cherubim k’-ru-VEEM ִכ ְליוֹ ן Kilyon Chilion kil-YON ִקְרַית ַאְר ַּבע Kiryat Arba Kiriath-arba keer-YAT AR-bah ִקְרַי ֵת-ס ֶפר Kiryat Sefer Kiriath-sepher keer-YAT SAY-fer ִקְרַית ְי ָעִרים Kiryat Ye’arim Kiriath-jearim keer-YAT y’-a-REEM ִּכ ְס ֵלו Kislev Chislev kis-LAYV

145 Hebrew Name English Name Pronunciation Hebrew ּכ ֲֹה ִנים Kohanim Priests ko-ha-NEEM ֶקֹה ֶלת Kohelet Koheleth ko-HE-let ּכ ֵֹהן Kohen Priest ko-HAYN ּכ ֵֹהן ָּגדוֹל Kohen Gadol High Priest ko-HAYN ga-DOL ַקֹרח Korach Korah KO-rakh ּ כ ּ ו שׁ ִ י Kushi Cushi ku-SHEE ָ ל ִ כ י שׁ Lachish Lachish la-KHEESH ֵל ָאה Leah Leah lay-AH ֶל ֶמ ְך Lemech Lamech LE-mekh ְל ּמו ֵאל Lemuel Lemuel l’-mu-AYL ֵלִוי Levi Levi lay-VEE ְלִוִּים Leviim Levites l’-vee-IM ַמ ְח ָלה Machla Mahlah makh-LAH ַמ ְחלוֹ ן Machlon Mahlon makh-LON ַמ ְח ֵסָיה Machseya Mahseiah makh-say-YAH ַמ ְל ָא ִכי Malachi Malachi mal-a-KHEE ָמנוֹ ַח Manoach Manoah ma-NO-akh ָמׁ ִש ַיח Mashiach Messiah ma-SHEE-akh ְמ ִפ ׁ ֶיבֹשת Mefiboshet Mephibosheth m’-fee-VO-shet ַמ ֲה ַל ְל ֵאל Mehalalel Mahalalel ma-ha-lal-AYL ְמ ַנ ֵחם Menachem Menahem m’-na-KHAYM ְמַנֶּשׁה Menashe Menasseh m’-na-SHEH ְמ ָנֹרה Menorah Candlestick m’-no-RAH ְמָרִרי Merari Merari m’-ra-REE ְמ ּתוׁ ֶש ַלח Metushelach Methusaleh m’-tu-SHE-lakh ִמ ָיכה Micha Micah mee-KHAH ִמ ָיכ ֵאל Michael Michael mee-kha-AYL ִמ ָיכְי ּהו Michaihu Micaiah mee-KHAI-hu ִמ ַיכל Michal Michal mee-KHAL ִמ ְל ָּכה Milka Milcah mil-KAH ִמְרָים Miriam Miriam mir-YAM ִ מ י שׁ ָ ֵ א ל Mishael Mishael mee-sha-AYL

146 Hebrew Name English Name Pronunciation Hebrew ִמְשַּׁכן Mishkan Tabernacle mish-KAN ִמ ְצ ָּפה Mitzpa Mizpah mitz-PAH ִּמְז ֵּב ַח Mizbayach Altar miz-BAY-akh ָמְר ֳ ּד ַכי Mordechai Mordecai mor-d’-KHAI מוֹ ִר ָ ּיה Moriah Moriah mo-ri-YAH ׁ ֶמֹשה Moshe Moses mo-SHEH ַנ ְח ִּבי Nachbi Nahbi nakh-BEE ָנחוֹ ר Nachor Nahor na-KHOR ַ נ ְ ח שׁ ֹ ו ן Nachshon Nahshon nakh-SHON ַנ ּחום Nachum Nahum na-KHUM ָנ ָדב Nadav Nadab na-DAV ַנ ְפ ָּת ִלי Naftali Naphtali naf-ta-LEE ָנ ֳע ִמי Naomi Naomi na-o-MEE ָנ ָתן Natan Nathan na-TAN ָנ ָבל Naval Nabal na-VAL ָנ ִביא Navi Prophet na-VEE ָנ ָבל Navot Naboth na-VAL ְנ ֶח ְמָיה Nechemya Nehemiah n’-khem-YAH ֶנ ֶגב Negev Negeb NE-gev ֵנִרָּיה Nerya Neriah nay-ri-YAH ְנ ַת ְנ ֵאל Netanel Nethanel n’-tan-AYL ְנּ ִב ָיאה Neviah Prophetess n’-vee-AH ְנּ ִב ִיאים Neviim Prophets n’-vee-EEM ִנ ָיסן Nisan Nisan nee-SAN ָנֹעה Noa Noah no-AH ַנֹח Noach Noah NO-akh נֹב Nov Nob nov ּנון Nun Nun nun עוֹ ֵדד Oded Oded o-DAYD ָא ֳה ָלה Ohola Oholah a-ho-LAH ָא ֳה ִל ָיאב Oholiav Oholiab o-ha-lee-AV ָא ֳה ִל ָיבה Oholiva Oholibah a-ho-lee-VAH

147 Hebrew Name English Name Pronunciation Hebrew ָע ְמִרי Omri Omri om-REE אוֹ ָנן Onan Onan o-NAN ָע ְת ִנ ֵיאל Otniel Othniel ot-nee-AYL ַעֹב ְדָיה Ovadya Obadiah o-vad-YAH עוֹ ֵבד Oved Obed o-VAYD ֵעוֹבד ֱאדוֹם Oved Edom Obed Edom o-VAYD e-DOM ַּפ ְג ִע ֵיאל Pagiel Pagiel pag-ee-AYL ַּפ ְל ִטי Palti Palti pal-TEE ַּפ ְל ִט ֵיאל Paltiel Paltiel pal-tee-AYL ֶּפ ַקח Pekach Pekah PE-kakh ְּפ ַד ְה ֵאל Pedael Pedahel p’-da-AYL ְּפ ַק ְחָיה Pekachya Pekahiah p’-kakh-YAH ָּפ ֶלג Peleg Peleg PE-leg ּ ְפ ִנ ָנּ ה Penina Peninnah p’-ni-NAH ֶּפֶרץ Peretz Perez PE-retz ְּפ ּתו ֵאל Petuel Pethuel p’-tu-AYL ִּפ ְינ ָחס Pinchas Phinehas peen-KHAS ָר ֵחל Rachel Rachel ra-KHAYL ָרם Ram Ram ram ָר ָמה Rama Ramah ra-MAH ְר ּעו Re’u Reu r’-U ְר ַח ְב ָעם Rechovam Rehoboam r’-khav-AM ְר ּאו ֵבן Reuven Reuben r’-u-VAYN ִר ְב ָקה Rivka Rebecca riv-KAH ּרות Rut Ruth rut ַשׂ ְל ָמה Salma Salmon/Salmah sal-MAH ַשׂ ְלמוֹ ן Salmon Salmon sal-MON ָשׂ ָרה Sara Sarah sa-RAH ָשׂ ַרי Sarai Sarai sa-RAI ֶס ָלה Selah Selah SE-lah ְשָׂרָיה Seraya Seraiah s’-ra-YAH ְשׂ ּרוג Serug Serug s’-RUG

148 Hebrew Name English Name Pronunciation Hebrew ְס ּתור Setur Sethur s’-TUR שׁ ַ ֲ ע ָ ר ִ י ם Shaarayim Shaaraim sha-a-RA-yim שׁ ַ ַ ּ ב ת Shabbat Sabbath sha-BAT ׁ ּ ַש ָ ּבתוֹ ת Shabbatot Sabbaths sha-ba-TOT שׁ ָ ָ פ ן Shafan Shaphan sha-FAN ָשָׁפט Shafat Shaphat sha-FAT ָשֵׁלם Shalem Salem sha-LAYM ַשּׁלּום Shalum Shallum sha-LUM ַשְׁמַּגר Shamgar Shamgar sham-GAR שׁ ַ ּ מ ּ ו ַ ע Shamua Shammua sha-MU-a שׁ ָ א ּו ל Shaul Saul sha-UL שׁ ְ ַ א ְ ל ִ ּ ת י ֵא ל Shealtiel Shealtiel sh’-al-tee-AYL שׁ ְ ָ א ר ָי שׁ ּו ב Shear Yashuv Shear-Jashub sh’-AR ya-SHUV שׁ ְ ַ כ ְ נ ָ י ה Shechanya Shecaniah sh’-khan-YAH שׁ ְ ֶ כ ם Shechem Shechem sh’-KHEM שׁ ֵ ָ ל ה Sheila Shelah shay-LAH שׁ ֶ ַ ל ח Shelach Shelah SHE-lakh שׁ ְ ֻ ל ִ מ י ֵא ל Shelumiel Shelumiel sh’-lu-mee-AYL שׁ ֵ ם Shem Shem Shaym ְשַׁמְעָיה Shemaya Shemaiah sh’-ma-YAH שׁ ֵ שׁ ְ ַ ּ ב ַ ּ צ ר Sheshbatzar Sheshbazzar shaysh-ba-TZAR שׁ ֵ ת Shet Seth Shayt שׁ ְ ָ ב ט Shevat Shebat sh’-VAT שׁ ִ לֹ ה Shilo Shiloh shi-LOH שׁ ִ ְ מ ִ ע י Shim’i Shimei shim-EE ׁ ִש ְמעוֹ ן Shimon Simeon shim-ON שׁ ִ ְ מ שׁ ֹ ו ן Shimshon Samson shim-SHON שׁ ְ לֹמֹה Shlomo Solomon sh’-lo-MOH שׁ ְ מ ּו ֵ א ל Shmuel Samuel sh’-mu-AYL שׁ ֹ ו ָפ ר Shofar Horn sho-FAR שּׁ ָֹופרֹות Shofarot Horns sho-fa-ROT שׁ ְֹמרוֹן Shomron Samaria sho-m’-RON

149 Hebrew Name English Name Pronunciation Hebrew ִס ָיון Sivan Sivan see-VAN ָת ָמר Tamar Tamar ta-MAR ָּת ַנ ְ”ך Tanakh Hebrew Bible ta-NAKH ַּת ּפ ּו ַח Tapuach Tappuah ta-PU-akh ָ ּתבוֹ ר Tavor Tabor ta-VOR ְ ּתקוֹ ָעה Tekoa Tekoa t’-KO-a ֶּתַרח Terach Terah TE-rakh ְט ֶבְרָיה Teveria Tiberias t’-ver-YAH ֵט ֵבת Tevet Tebeth tay-VAYT ִּתְר ָצה Tirtza Tirzah tir-TZAH ּתוֹ ָלע Tola Tola to-LA ָצדוֹ ק Tzadok Zadok tza-DOK ְצ ַפ ְנָיה Tzefanya Zephaniah tz’-fan-YAH ְצ ָל ְפ ָחד Tzelofchad Zelophehad tz’-la-f’-KHAD ְצ ּרוָיה Tzeruya Zeruiah tz’-ru-YAH ְצ ַפת Tzfat Safed tz’-FAT ִצ ְד ִקָּי ּהו Tzidkiyahu Zedekiah tzid-ki-YA-hu ִצ ְק ַלג Tziklag Ziklag tzi-k’-LAG ִצ ּיוֹ ן Tzion Zion tzi-YON ִצ ּפָֹרה Tzipora Zipporah tzi-po-RAH ָצְר ָעה Tzora Zorah tzor-AH ּצוִר ֵיאל Tzuriel Zuriel tzu-ree-AYL ֻא ָכל Ukal Ucal u-KAL ּאוִרי Uri Uri u-REE ּאוִרָּיה Uriya Uriah u-ri-YAH ּעוץ Utz Uz Utz ֻעִ ּזָּי ּהו Uzziyahu Uzziah u-zi-YA-hu ַי ֲעקֹב Yaakov Jacob ya-a-KOV ַי ֲחִז ֵיאל Yachaziel Jahaziel ya-kha-zee-AYL ָי ֵעל Yael Jael ya-AYL ָיפוֹ Yaffo Joppa/Jaffa ya-FO ָי ִאיר Yair Jair ya-EER

150 Hebrew Name English Name Pronunciation Hebrew ָי ֶקה Yakeh Jakeh ya-KEH ַּיְר ֵ ּדן Yarden Jordan yar-DAYN ַיְר ּמות Yarmut Jarmuth yar-MUT ְי ֶחְז ֵקאל Yechezkel Ezekiel y’-khez-KAYL ְי ִח ֵיאל Yechiel Jehiel y’-khee-AYL ְי ָכ ְנָיה Yechonya Jeconiah y’-khon-YAH ְי ּדו ּתון Yedutun Jeduthun y’-du-TUN ְיהוֹ ָא ָחז Yehoachaz Jehoahaz y’-ho-a-KHAZ ְ י ה ֹ ו ָא שׁ Yehoash Jehoash y’-ho-ASH ְיהוֹ ָח ָנן Yehochanan Jehohanan y’-ho-kha-NAN ְיהוֹ ָנ ָתן Yehonatan Jonathan y’-ho-na-TAN ְיהוֹ ָרם Yehoram Jehoram y’-ho-RAM ְ י ה ֹ ו שׁ ָ ָ פ ט Yehoshafat Jehoshaphat y’-ho-sha-FAT ְ י ה ֹ ו שׁ ַ ְ ב ַ ע ת Yehoshavat Jehoshabeath y’-ho-shav-AT ְ י ה ֹ ו שׁ ֶ ַ ב ע Yehosheva Jehosheba y-ho-SHE-va ְ י ה ֹ ו שׁ ֻ ַ ע Yehoshua Joshua y’-ho-SHU-a ְיהוֹ ָצ ָדק Yehotzadak Jehozadak y’-ho-tza-DAK ְי ָהוֹי ִכין Yehoyachin Jehoiachin y’-ho-ya-KHEEN ְיהוֹ ָי ָדע Yehoyada Jehoiada y’-ho-ya-DA ְי ָהוֹי ִקים Yehoyakim Jehoiakim y’-ho-ya-KEEM ֵי ּהוא Yehu Jehu yay-HU ְי ּהו ָדה Yehuda Judah y’-hu-DAH ְי ּהו ִדי Yehudi Jew y’-hu-DEE ְּי ּהו ִדים Yehudim Jews y’-hu-DEEM ֶיֶרד Yered Jared YE-red ְיִריחוֹ Yericho Jericho y’-ree-KHO ָיָר ְב ָעם Yerovam Jeroboam ya-rov-AM ְיֻר ַּב ַעל Yerubaal Jerubbaal y’-ru-BA-al ְי ּרושׁ ָ ִָלִים Yerushalayim Jerusalem y’-ru-sha-LA-yim ְ י שׁ ַ ְ ע ָ י ה ּו Yeshayahu Isaiah y’-sha-YA-hu ֵ י שׁ ּו ַ ע Yeshua Jeshua yay-SHU-a ִי ְפ ָּתח Yiftach Jephthah yif-TAKH

151 Hebrew Name English Name Pronunciation Hebrew ִי ְג ָאל Yigal Igal yig-AL ִיְר ְמָי ּהו Yirmiyahu Jeremiah yir-m’-YA-hu ִ י שׁ ָ י Yishai Jesse yi-SHAI ִי ְשׂ ָר ֵאל Yisrael Israel yis-ra-AYL ִי ָּ ׂש ָשכר Yissachar Issachar yi-sa-KHAR ִי ְצ ָחק Yitzchak Issac yitz-KHAK ִיְזְר ֶעאל Yizrael Jezreel yiz-r’-EL י ֹ ו ָא שׁ Yoash Joash yo-ASH יוֹ ָאב Yoav Joab yo-AV יוֹ ָח ָנן Yochanan Johanan yo-kha-NAN יוֹ ֶכ ֶבד Yocheved Jochebed yo-KHE-ved יוֹ ֵאל Yoel Joel yo-AYL יוֹ ָנה Yona Jonah yo-NAH יוֹ ָנ ָדב Yonadav Jonadab yo-na-DAV יוֹ ָנ ָתן Yonatan Jonathan yo-na-TAN יוֹ ָרם Yoram Joram yo-RAM יוֹ ֵסף Yosef Joseph yo-SAYF יֹאשׁ ִ ָּי ּהו Yoshiyahu Josiah yo-shi-YA-hu יוֹ ָתם Yotam Jotham yo-TAM יוֹ ָצ ָדק Yotzadak Jozadak yo-tza-DAK יוֹ ָז ָבד Yozavad Jozabad yo-za-VAD ָזנוֹ ַח Zanoach Zanoah za-NO-akh ְז ַכְרָיה Zecharya Zechariah z’-khar-YAH ֶזַרח Zerach Zerah ZE-rakh ְזֻר ָּב ֶבל Zerubavel Zerubbabel z’-ru-ba-VEL ְז ּבו ֻלן Zevulun Zebulun z’-vu-LUN ִז ְל ָּפה Zilpa Zilpah zil-PAH ִז ְמִרי Zimri Zimri zim-REE

152 Hebrew Name English Name Pronunciation Hebrew Jewish Holidays ֲח ּנו ָּכה Chanukah Hanukkah kha-nu-KAH ֶּפ ַסח Pesach Passover PE-sakh ּפ ּוִרים Purim Purim pu-REEM רֹאשׁ ַהׁ ָּש ָנה Rosh Hashana Jewish New Year rosh ha-sha-NAH שׁ ָ ּבועוֹת Shavuot Feast of Weeks sha-vu-OT ׁ ְש ִמ ִיני ֲע ֶצֶרת Shemini Atzeret Eight Day of sh’-mee-NEE a-TZE-ret Assembly ֻס ּכוֹ ת Sukkot Feast of Tabernacles su-KOT יוֹם ִּכ ּיפור Yom Kippur Day of Atonement yom kee-PUR

Biblical Measurements ַא ָּמה Amah Cubit a-MAH ַאמוֹ ת Amot Cubits a-MOT ַּבת Bat Bath bat ַּב ִּתים Batim Baths ba-TEEM ֶּב ַקע Beka half-shekel BE-ka ֳח ָמִרים Chomarim Homers kho-ma-REEM ֶחֹמר Chomer Homer KHO-mer ֵא ָיפה Efah Ephah ay-FAH ֵּגָרה Geira Gerah gay-RAH ּג ֶֹמד Gomed Gomed GO- med ִהין Hin Hin heen ַּקב Kav kab kav ְק ִשׂ ָיטה Kesita kesitah k’-see-TAH ִּכ ָּכר Kikar talent ki-KAR ִּכ ָּכִרים Kikarim talents ki-ka-RIM ּכֹר Kor kor kor ֶל ֶת ְך Letek lethech LE-tek לֹג Log Log log ָּמ ֶנה Maneh Mina ma-NEH ָמ ִנים Manim Minas ma-NEEM ֶעֹמר Omer Omer O-mer

153 Hebrew Name English Name Pronunciation Hebrew ִּפים Pim Pim peem ֵס ָאה Se’ah Seah say-AH ְס ִאים Se’eem Seahs s’-EEM שׁ ְ ָ ק ִ ל י ם Shekalim Shekels sh’-ka-LEEM שׁ ֶ ֶ ק ל Shekel Shekel SHE-kel ֶט ַפח Tefach Handbreadth TE-fakh ֶזֶרת Zeret Span ZE-ret

154 Photo Credits

Book Verse Photo Credit Genesis 1:01 Mark Neyman, GPO Genesis 2:05 Mark Neyman, GPO Genesis 7:19 Nathan Alpert, GPO Genesis 8:09 Ryan Rodrick Beiler, Shutterstock. com Genesis 13:10 Bill Rice, Wikimedia Commons Genesis 14:18 Stefano Rocca, Shutterstock.com Genesis 18:01 Eitan F., Wikimedia Commons Genesis 21:31 Dr. Avishai Teicher, Wikimedia Commons Genesis 22:18 Moshe Milner, GPO Genesis 23:19 Avi Ohayon, GPO Genesis 24:10 Elbud, Shutterstock.com Genesis 25:09 David Rabkin, Shutterstock.com Genesis 28:17 Andrew Shiva, Wikipedia Genesis 28:19 Dvirraz, Wikimedia Commons Genesis 33:19 Mark Neyman, GPO Genesis 35:19 Wikimedia Commons Genesis 37:02 Moshe Milner, GPO Genesis 43:11 Moshe Milner, GPO Genesis 46:04 Luis Villa del Campo, Wikimedia Commons Genesis 47:30 Moshe Milner, GPO Genesis 49:13 Mark Neyman, GPO

155 Chart of the Hebrew Months and their Holidays

Jewish Approximate Holiday Hebrew Date Notes Month Secular Date

Rosh Chodesh (Head of The first of every The Jewish Calendar is a lunar the Month) month calendar, and each month begins when the moon re-appears in the sky. The beginning of each new month is called Rosh Chodesh, which literally means ‘the head of the month.’ Rosh Chodesh is celebrated as a mini- holiday on the first day of every Jewish month, and special prayers are added into the daily service. When a month is 30 days long, the 30th day is celebrated as Rosh Chodesh in addition to the first day of the following month.

Nissan March-April Pesach (Passover) Begins on the Pesach is a seven day holiday 15th of Nissan commemorating the Exodus from Egypt. Outside of Israel, an eighth day is observed.

Yom Hashoa (Holocaust 27th of Nissan Yom Hashoa commemorates the 6 Memorial Day) million Jews who perished in the Holocaust.

Iyar April-May Yom Hazikaron (Memorial 4th of Iyar Yom Hazikaron is Israel’s memorial Day) day, a day to remember Israel’s fallen soldiers and victims of terror.

Yom Haatzmaut (Israel’s 5th of Iyar Yom Haatzmaut celebrates Israel’s Independence Day) declaration of independence in 1948.

Lag Ba’Omer (33rd day of 18th of Iyar Lag Ba’Omer is a minor holiday the Omer) celebrated on the 33rd day of the counting of the Omer

Yom Yerushalayim 28th of Iyar Yom Yerushalayim, Jerusalem Day, (Jerusalem Day) celebrates the re-unification of the city of Jerusalem following the 1967 Six-Day War.

Sivan May-June Shavuot (Feast of Weeks) 6th of Sivan Shavuot celebrates the giving of the Torah at Mount Sinai. Outside of Israel it is observed for two days, the 6th and 7th of Sivan.

156 Jewish Approximate Holiday Hebrew Date Notes Month Secular Date

Tammuz June-July Fast of the Seventeenth 17th of Tammuz The Fast of the Seventeenth of of Tammuz Tammuz commemorates the breeching of the walls of Jerusalem before the destruction of the Temple. It begins a three week mourning period over the destruction of the Temple, culminating with the fast of Tisha B’Av.

Av July-August Tisha B’Av (Fast of the 9th 9th of Av Tisha B’Av is a fast day commemorating of Av) the destruction of the Temple in Jerusalem. It is the culmination of the three week mourning period over the destruction of the Temple which starts on the 17th of Tammuz.

Elul August- September

Tishrei September- Rosh Hashana (Jewish 1st and 2nd of Rosh Hashana is the Jewish New Year. October New Year) Tishrei

Tzom Gedalya (Fast of 3rd of Tishrei The Fast of Gedaliah commemorates Gedaliah) the death of Gedaliah son of Ahikam, the governor of Judah following the destruction of the First Temple. His death marked the end of Jewish rule in the Land of Israel for many generations and led to the exile of the few remaining Jews who had not been taken to Babylonia.

Yom Kippur (Day of 10th of Tishrei Yom Kippur is the Day of Atonement, Atonement) the holiest day of the year.

Sukkot (Feast of Begins on the Sukkot is a seven-day holiday Tabernacles) 15th of Tishrei celebrating God’s protection of the Jews in the wilderness

Shemini Atzeret/Simchat 22nd of Tishrei Shemini Atzeret is a holiday that Torah (Eighth Day of immediately follows Sukkot and Assembly) celebrates the unique relationship between God and the Children of Israel. Simchat Torah celebrates the completion and renewal of the Torah reading cycle. In Israel, Shemini Atzeret and Simchat Torah are celebrated on the same day. Outside of Israel, they are celebrated on two consecutive days.

157 Jewish Approximate Holiday Hebrew Date Notes Month Secular Date

Cheshvan October- Map of Modern-Day Israel and its Neighbors November Kislev November- Chanukah (Hanukkah) Begins on the Chanukah is an eight day festival December 25th of Kislev which celebrates the defeat of the The following is a map of modern-day Israel and the surrounding countries Syrian-Greeks, the re-dedication of the

Euphrates River Temple in Jerusalem, and the miracles that God preformed to facilitate these events.

Tevet December- The end of Chanukah Chanukah ends Capital City I   January (Hanukkah) on the 2nd or City LEBANON 3rd of Tevet  N River SYRIA depending on Border the year, since IRAQ Kislev contains Mediterranean either 29 or 30 Sea days Jerusalem Fast of the 10th of Tevet 10th of Tevet The Fast of the 10th of Tevet ISRAEL commemorates the Babylonian siege of Jerusalem prior to the destruction of the First Temple. JORDAN Shevat January-February Tu B’Shvat (15th of 15th of Shevat Tu B’Shvat marks the beginning of the SINAI Shevat) new year for trees. It is when the first trees in the Land of Israel begin to blossom again after the winter season. SAUDI ARABIA Adar* February-March Fast of Esther 13th of Adar The Fast of Esther commemorates the EGYPT fast observed by the Jewish people in Persia at the time of Mordechai and Esther.

Purim 14th/15th of Purim celebrates God’s salvation of Adar the Jews from the evil Haman’s plot to destroy them. In most places, this holiday is celebrated on the 14th of Adar. In Jerusalem, it is celebrated on the 15th of Adar.

* During a leap year, an extra month of Adar is added so that the Jewish lunar calendar remains aligned with the solar seasons. A leap year occurs 7 times in every 19 year cycle. When this happens, Purim is celebrated in the second Adar.

158 Map of Modern-Day Israel and its Neighbors

The following is a map of modern-day Israel and the surrounding countries

Euphrates River

I   Capital City City LEBANON  N River SYRIA Border IRAQ Mediterranean Sea Jerusalem

ISRAEL

JORDAN

SINAI

SAUDI ARABIA

EGYPT

159 List of Prime Ministers of the State of Israel

Below is a list of the Prime Ministers of the State of Israel since the declaration of the State in 1948 until the present.

Number Name Years Term

1 David Ben-Gurion (1886 – 1973) May 1948- January 1954

2 Moshe Sharett (1894-1965) January 1954-November 1955

3 David Ben-Gurion (1886-1973) November 1955-June 1963

4 Levi Eshkol (1895-1969) June 1963-February 1969

5 Golda Meir (1898-1978) March 1969-June 1974

6 Yitzchak Rabin (1922–1995) June 1974-June 1977

7 Menachem Begin (1913–1992) June 1977-October 1983

8 Yitzchak Shamir (1915–2012) October 1983-September 1984

9 Shimon Peres (1923–2016) September 1984-October 1986

10 Yitzchak Shamir (1915–2012) October 1986-July 1992

11 Yitzchak Rabin (1922–1995) July 1992-November 1995

12 Shimon Peres (1923–2016) November 1995-June 1996

13 Benjamin Netanyahu (Born 1949) June 1996-July 1999

14 Ehud Barak (Born 1942) July 1999-March 2001

15 Ariel Sharon (1928–2014) March 2001-April 2006

16 Ehud Olmert (Born 1945) April 2006-March 2009

17 Benjamin Netanyahu (Born 1949) March 2009-Present

160 Prayer for the State of Israel

אָ בִֽינוּ שֶׁ בַּשָּׁ מַֽיִם Our Heavenly Father a-VEE-nu she-ba-sha-MA-yim

צוּר יִשְׂ רָאֵ ל וְגוֹאֲ לוֹ Israel’s Rock and Redeemer tzur yis-ra-AYL v’-go-a-LO

בָּרֵךְ אֶת מְדִ ינַת יִשְׂ רָאֵ ל Bless the State of Israel ba-RAYKH et mi-dee-NAT yis-ra-AYL

רֵאשִׁ ית תצְמִיחַ גְּאֻלָּתֵֽ נוּ the first flowering of our ray-SHEET tz’-mee-KHAT redemption g’-u-la-TAY-nu

הָ גֵן עָ לֶֽיהָ בְּאֶבְרַ ת Shield it under the wings of ha-GAYN a-LE-ha b’-ev-RAT סְחַ דּ ֶֽ ךָ Your loving kindness khas-DE-kha

וּפְרוֹס עָ לֶֽיהָ סֻכַּ ת -’And spread over it the uf-ROS a-LE-ha su-KAT sh שְׁ לוֹמֶֽךָ Tabernacle of Your peace lo-ME-kha

וּשְׁ לַח אוֹרְךָ וַאֲמִתְּ ךָ -Send Your light and truth ush-LAKH o-r’-KHA va-a-mi t’-KHA

לְרָאשֶֽׁיהָ, שָׂ רֶֽיהָ -to its leaders, ministers and l’-ro-SHE-ha, sa-RE-ha v’-yo וְיוֹעֲ צֶֽיהָ officials a-TZE-ha

וְתַקְּ נֵם בְּעֵצָה טוֹבָ ה And direct them with good v’-ta-k’-NAYM b’-ay-TZAH מִ לְּ נ פָ ֶֽ י ךָ counsel before You to-VAH m’-li-fa-NE-kha

חַ זֵּק אֶ ת יְדֵי מְ גִנֵּי אֶרֶ ץ -Strengthen the hands of the kha-ZAYK et y’-DAY m’-gi קָ דְ שֵֽׁ נ וּ defenders of our Holy Land NAY E-retz kod-SHAY-nu

וְהַ נְחִילֵם אֱ לֹהֵֽ ינוּ -Grant them deliverance, our v’-han-khee-LAYM e-lo-HAY יְשׁוּעָ ה God nu y’-shu-AH

וַעֲ טֶֽרֶ ת נִצָּחוֹן תְּעַטְּרֵ ם And crown them with the va-a-TE-ret ni-tza-KHON crown of victory t’-a-t’-RAYM

וְנָתַתָּשָׁ לוֹם בָּאָֽרֶ ץ -Grant peace in the land v’-na-ta-TA sha-LOM ba-A retz

וְשִׂמְחַת עוֹלָם לְיוֹשְׁ בֶֽיהָ -’and everlasting joy to its v’-sim-KHAT o-LAM l’-yo-sh inhabitants VE-ha

161 וְאֶת אַ חֵֽינוּ כָּל בֵּ ית As for our brothers, the whole v’-ET a-KHAY-nu kol bayt ִ י שְׂ רָ אֵ ל house of Israel yis-ra-AYL

פְּקָ ד נָא בְּכָל אַרְ צוֹת -Remember them in all the p’-KOD na b’-KHOL ar פְּזוּרֵיהֶ ם lands of their dispersion TZOT p’-zu-ray-HEM

וְתוֹלִיכֵם מְהֵרָ ה -And swiftly lead them upright v’-to-lee-KHAYM m’-hay קוֹמְמִ יּוּת RAH ko-m’-mi-YUT

לְצִיּוֹן עִ ירֶֽךָ to Zion Your city l’-TZI-yon ee-RE-kha

וְלִירוּשָׁ לַֽיִם מִשְׁ כַּן שְׁ מֶֽךָ -And Yerushalayim Your v’-lee-ru-sha-LA-yim mish dwelling place KAN sh’-ME-kha

כַּכָּתוּב בְּתוֹרַת מֹשֶׁ ה -As is written in theTorah of ka-ka-TUV b’-to-RAT mo עַבְ דֶּֽךָ )דברים ל:ד-ה(: :Moses Your servant (Deut. SHEH av-DE-kha 30:4-5):

“אִ ם יִהְ יֶה נִדַּחֲךָ בִּקְצֵ ה Even if you are scattered to “im yih-YEH ni-da-kha-KHA“ שָּׁהַ מ ָֽ ִ י ם the furthermost lands under bik-TZAY ha-sha-MA-yim the heavens

םמִשָּׁ יְקַבֶּצְךָ יְיָאֱ לֹהֶֽיךָ From there the Lord your mi-SHAM yi-ka-betz-KHA God will gather you a-do-NAI e-lo-HE-kha

םוּמִשָּׁ יִקָּ חֶֽךָ and from there He will and u-mi-SHAM yi-ka-KHE-kha take you back

וֶהֱבִיאֲךָ יְיָאֱ לֹהֶֽיךָ אֶ ל The Lord your God will bring ve-he-vee-a-KHA a-do-NAI הָ אָֽ רֶ ץ you to the land e-lo-HE-kha el ha-A-retz

ראֲשֶׁ יָרְשׁוּ אֲ בֹתֶֽיךָ -That your ancestors possessed a-SHER ya-r’-SHU a-vo-TE khe

ִ ו י רִ שְׁ תָּ הּ and you will possess it vee-rish-TAH

וְ הֵ י טִ בְ ךָ וְ הִ רְ בְּ ךָ And He will make you more v’-hay-tiv-KHA v’-hir-b’-KHA מֵאֲ בֹתֶֽיךָ ” ”prosperous and numerous may-a-vo-TE-kha than your ancestors”

וְיַחֵד לְבָ בֵֽנוּ Unite our hearts v’-ya-KHAYD l’-va-VAY-nu

לְאַהֲבָה וּלְ יִרְאָה אֶ ת -’to love and revere Your name l’-a-ha-VAH ul-yir-AH et sh שְׁ מ ֶֽ ךָ ME-kha

וְלִשְׁ מֹר אֶת כָּל דִּבְרֵ י And observe all the words of v’-lish-MOR et kol div-RAY תוֹרָתֶֽךָ Your Torah to-ra-TE-kha

162 וּשְׁ חלַ לָֽנוּ מְהֵרָ ה -And swiftly send us ush-LAKH LA-nu m’-hay RAH

בֶּן דָּ וִד מְשִֽׁיחַצִדְקֶֽךָ Your righteous anointed one ben da-VID m’-SHEE-akh of the house of David tzid-KE-kha

לִפְדוֹת מְחַכֵּי קֵ ץ To redeem those who long for lif-DOT m’-kha-KAY kaytz יְשׁוּעָ תֶֽךָ Your salvation y’-shu-a-TE-kha

הוֹפַע בַּהֲדַר גְּאוֹן עֻ זֶּֽךָ Appear in Your glorious ho-FA ba-ha-DAR g’-ON majesty u-ZE-kha

עַל כָּל יוֹשְׁ בֵי תֵבֵ ל over all the dwellers on earth al kol yo-sh’-VAY TAY-vayl אַ רְ צֶֽ ךָ ar-TZE-kha

וְיֹאמַר כֹּל אֲשֶׁ ר נְשָׁמָ ה -’And let all who breathe v’-yo-MAR kol a-SHER n בְ אַ פּ וֹ declare: sha-MAH v’-a-PO

יְיָ יאֱלֹהֵ יִשְׂ לרָאֵ מֶֽלֶךְ -The Lord God of Israel is King a-do-NAI e-lo-HAY yis-ra AYL ME-lekh

וּמַלְכוּתוֹ בַּכֹּל מָשָֽׁלָ ה -And His kingship has u-mal-khu-TO ba-KOL ma dominion over all sha-LAH,

מֵאָ ן סֶֽ לָ ה Amen, Selah a-MAYN SE-lah

163 Prayer for the Welfare of Israel’s Soldiers

ִמי ׁ ֶש ֵּבַר ְך ֲא ֵבוֹת ּינו -He Who blessed our mee she-bay-RAKH a-vo-TAY forefathers nu ַא ְבָר ָהם ִי ְצ ָחק ְוַי ֲעקֹב -Avraham, Yitzchak and Yaakov av-ra-HAM yitz-KHAK v’-ya a-KOV ּהוא ְי ָבֵר ְך ֶאת ַחָּי ֵלי -may He bless the fighters of hu y’-va-RAYKH et kha-ya ְצ ָבא ַה ֲה ַג ָנּה ְלִי ְשָׂר ֵאל the Israel Defense Forces LAY tz’-VA ha-ha-ga-NAH l’-yis-ra-AYL ְו ַא ְנׁ ֵשי ּכֹחוֹת ַה ִּב ָּטחוֹן -and the security personnel v’-an-SHAY ko-KHOT ha-bi ta-KHON ָה ְעוֹמ ִדים ַעל ִמׁ ְש ַמר who stand guard over our land ha-o-m’-DEEM al mish-MAR ַאְר ֵצ ּנו ar-TZAY-nu ְו ָעֵרי ֱא ֵלֹה ּינו and the cities of our God v’-a-RAY e-lo-HAY-nu ִמ ְּג ּבול ַה ְּל ָבנוֹן ְו ַעד -’from the border of the mi-g’-VUL ha-l’-va-NON v ִמ ְד ַּבר ִמ ְצַרִים Lebanon to the desert of AD mid-BAR mitz-RA-yim Egypt ּו ִמן ַהָּים ַה ָּגדוֹל ַעד and from the Great Sea unto u-MIN ha-YAM ha-ga-DOL ְלבוֹא ָה ֲעָר ָבה the approach of the Aravah ad l’-VO ha-a-ra-VAH ַּבַּי ָּבׁ ָשה ָּב ֲאִויר ּו ַבָּים on the land, in the air, and on ba-ya-ba-SHAH ba-a-VEER the sea u-va-YAM ִי ֵּתן ְיָי ֶאת ְאוֹי ֵב ּינו May the Almighty cause the yi-TAYN a-do-NAI et ַה ָּק ִמים ָע ֵל ּינו enemies who rise up against us o-y’-VAY-nu ha-ka-MEEM a-LAY-nu ִנ ָּג ִפים ִל ְפ ֵנ ֶיהם to be struck down before them ni-ga-FEEM lif-nay-HEM ַה ָּקדוֹשׁ ָּב ּרו ְך ּהוא May the Holy One, Blessed ha-ka-DOSH ba-RUKH hu is He ִיׁ ְשמֹר ְוַי ִּציל ֶאת ַחָי ֵל ּינו preserve and rescue our yish-MOR v’-ya-TZEEL et fighters kha-ya-LAY-nu ִמכׂל ָצָרה ְו ּצו ָקה from every trouble and mi-KOL tza-RAH v’-tzu-KAH distress

164 ּו ִמכׂל ֶנ ַגע ּו ַמ ֲח ָלה -and from every plague and u-mi-KOL NE-ga u-ma-kha illness LAH ְוִיׁ ְש ַלח ְּבָר ָכה ְו ַה ְצ ָל ָחה and may He send blessing and v’-yish-LAKH b’-ra-KHAH success v’-hatz-la-KHAH ְּב ָכל ַמ ֲע ֵשׂה ְי ֵד ֶיהם -in their every endeavor b’-KHOL ma-a-SAY y’-day HEM ַי ְד ֵּבר ְשׂוֹנ ֵא ּינו ַּת ְח ֵּת ֶיהם -May He lead our enemies yad-BAYR so-n’-AY-nu takh under our soldiers’ sway tay-HEM ִו ַיע ְּטֵרם ְּב ֶכ ֶתר ְישׁ ּו ָעה and glorify our forces with the vee-a-t’-RAYM b’-KHE-ter crown of salvation y’-shu-AH ּו ְב ֲע ֶטֶרת ִנ ָּצחוֹן and the mantle of victory uv-a-TE-ret ni-tza-KHON ִו ֻיקַּים ָּב ֶהם ַה ָּכ ּתוב -And may there be fulfilled for vee-ku-YAM ba-HEM ha-ka )דברים כ,ד(: :them the verse (Deuteronomy TUV 20:4): ִּ“כי ְיָי ֱא ֵלֹה ֶיכם ַה ֵהֹל ְך -For it is the Lord your God, “kee a-do-NAI e-lo-hay“ ִע ָּמ ֶכם -Who goes with you KHEM ha-ho-LAYKH i-ma KHEM ְל ִה ָּל ֵחם ָל ֶכם ִעם to battle your enemies for you l’-hi-la-KHAYM la-KHEM im ְאֹי ֵב ֶיכם o-y’-vay-KHEM ְל ׁ ִהוֹש ַיע ֶא ְת ֶכם” ”to save you” l’-ho-SHEE-a et-KHEM ְו ַנֹאמר: ָ“א ֵמן” ”Now let us say: Amen v’-no-MAR “a-MAYN

165 Hatikvah

ּכֹל עוֹד ַּב ֵּל ָבב ְּפ ִנ ָימה As long as in the heart, within kol od ba-lay-VAV p’-NEE-mah ֶנ ֶפשׁ ְי ּהו ִדי ִהוֹמָּיה A Jewish soul still yearns NE-fesh y’-hu-DEE ho-mi-YAH ּו ְל ַפ ֲא ֵתי ִמְזָרח, ָק ִד ָימה -And onward, towards the ends ul-fa-a-TAY miz-RAKH ka of the east DEE-mah ַעִין ְל ִצ ּיוֹן ִצוֹפָּיה An eye still gazes toward Zion A-yin l’-tzi-YON tzo-fi-YAH עוֹד לֹא ָא ְב ָדה ִּת ְקָו ֵת ּנו Our hope is not yet lost od lo av-DAH tik-va-TAY-nu ַה ִּת ְקָוה ַּבת שׁ ְ נוֹת -The hope two thousand years ha-tik-VAH bat sh’-NOT al ַא ְל ַּפִים old PA-yim ִל ְהיוֹת ַעם ָח ְפשׁ ִ י -To be a free nation in our land lih-YOT am khof-SHEE b’-ar ְּב ַאְר ֵצ ּנו TZAY-nu ֶאֶרץ ִצ ּיוֹן ִו ּירושׁ ָ ַלִים -The Land ofZion and E-retz tzi-YON vee-ru-sha-LA Yerushalayim yim

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