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Bedzed Seven Years on the Impact of the UK’S Best Known Eco-Village and Its Residents Bedzed Seven Years On

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Bedzed Seven Years on the Impact of the UK’S Best Known Eco-Village and Its Residents Bedzed Seven Years On BedZED seven years on The impact of the UK’s best known eco-village and its residents BedZED seven years on About BedZED The Beddington Zero Energy Development, or BedZED, is the UK’s best-known eco-village. The multi-award winning development is one of the most coherent examples of sustainable living in the UK. BedZED was initiated by BioRegional and developed by Peabody in partnership with BioRegional and designed by Bill Dunster Architects (now BDa ZEDfactory). BedZED is owned and managed by Peabody. Located in Hackbridge, south London, BedZED comprises 100 homes, community facilities and enough work- space for 100 people. Residents have been living at BedZED since March 2002. Many thanks to all of the residents who took part in the monitoring by answering questions and allowing us access to their meters. Without their continued input we would be unable to gauge successes or recommend improvements, for BedZED and for future developments. About BioRegional This report was written by Jessica Hodge of BioRegional and Julia Haltrecht an environmental consultant with experience in post occupancy evaluation. BioRegional is an entrepreneurial charity, which invents and delivers a wide range of practical solutions for sus- tainability. We are perhaps best known for our work on BedZED. Our role at BedZED during the planning and construction stages was to ensure that sustainability was considered at every step. We particularly focussed on the green transport plan, energy strategy, sustainable construction materials strategy and the green lifestyles programme. BioRegional has had its offices at BedZED since the site was completed and we run a visitor centre including a show home, guided tours and training. www.bioregional.com About Peabody Founded in 1862, Peabody is one of London’s best known and largest housing associations. Peabody owns or manages over 19,000 properties housing some 50,000 people. As well as providing affordable housing it offers a range of learning, volunteering, personal development and community activities. Peabody’s mission is to make London a city of opportunity for all by ensuring as many people as possible have a good home, a real sense of purpose and a strong feeling of belonging. www.peabody.org.uk Published July 2009. Printed on Symbol FreeLife silk paper, 50% recycled, 25% post consumer waste, 25% FSC pulp. 2 BedZED seven years on Contents Foreword from Peabody 4 Lessons from BedZED 5 Monitoring Results Summary of monitoring results 9 What we measured 10 Methodology 11 Waste audits Questionnaires Meter readings Energy 14 Electricity consumption Thermal demand Renewable energy Water 23 BedZED monitoring results Water treatment systems Replacing appliances Transport 26 BedZED aims BedZED monitoring results Bicycles Air travel Travel mode for food shopping Food 29 BedZED aims BedZED monitoring results Recommendations Waste 31 BedZED aims BedZED monitoring results Recommendations Quality of life 34 Community facilities Likes and dislikes Ecological footprint and CO2 emissions of residents 37 What is our fair share? BedZED residents’ ecological footprint Glossary 41 3 BedZED seven years on Foreword Steve Howlett, Chief Executive, Peabody We are very proud of what we achieved with our in their estate. This development reminds us that it partners BioRegional and architect Bill Dunster is possible to build homes that are both socially and when BedZED was completed in 2002. We believe environmentally sustainable. it was truly groundbreaking and this has been confirmed by the continued international interest This report also accurately draws out the challenges from architects, engineers, housing practitioners and at BedZED, the most significant being those environmentalists. associated with the biomass combined heat and power (CHP) plant. With residents and our partners This report provides a valuable contribution to the Peabody is now finalising a heating system solution on-going conversation about BedZED and underlines that will strike the right balance between residents’ its wider significance. As we work to meet statutory needs and the original vision for a low-carbon estate. targets and cut carbon emissions by 60% by 2025, we can and must apply lessons learned at BedZED However, if social landlords are to realise this across the entire social housing sector. vision on a meaningful, sector-wide scale we must have more government support. Our experience BedZED was an innovative project realised by at BedZED has shown just how difficult it will be a committed team with a strong vision. The to influence positively people’s choices in these technology was ahead of its time and as with many areas without the right policies in place. It is now innovations, there have been challenges as well as clear that the need to make all homes greener, successes along the way. whether existing or new build, can only be met by powerful partnerships between social landlords, the Among the successes is the continued low energy government, utility firms and residents themselves. use of homeowners at BedZED – 45% lower electricty and 81% less hot water than the borough But the good news is that we have demonstrated average – reducing carbon emissions as well as with BedZED that the technology to build and residents’ fuel costs. BedZED has also successfully retrofit low environmental impact homes already fostered a strong and committed community where exists. It is imperative now that we make it widely residents have a real sense of belonging and pride available for the benefit of all. 4 BedZED seven years on Lessons from BedZED Sue Riddlestone Director and co-founder, BioRegional Seven years after it was built BedZED still attracts residents’ energy use behaviour by having the a lot of interest and the lessons learned from meters on show. Then, having reduced demand, to examining how things have worked in practice are supply the remainder of the energy required with important to pass on. That is why we have carried renewables. At BedZED the idea was to demonstrate out the monitoring and analysis contained within the this all on-site, but of course that doesn’t mean that main body of this report. on-site energy generation is necessary for all homes in the future. BedZED was influential in the genesis of the UK government policy that all new homes must be zero BedZED’s renewable energy was to be generated carbon by 2016. This policy has been incorporated by a CHP plant using locally sourced woodchip to into the code for sustainable homes, a voluntary generate both heat for hot water and electricity. The standard which will become mandatory within a few plant was operational for long periods but is now years. There is broad agreement that the detail of famously idle whilst Peabody consider the options these policies need to be made more workable and for replacement. The main reason it didn’t work is that we need to make zero carbon and sustainable that it is too small scale to justify the maintenance homes more cost effective. It is important to needed to keep it operating. This is further explained consider the lessons of BedZED at a time when this within this report. However, currently around 20% policy is being re-examined by the UK government. of BedZED’s electrical demand is met by on-site photovoltaics. They were originally installed to Zero carbon lessons power electric cars but since the market hasn’t taken One key discussion point is how much renewable off yet this energy is being used in the buildings. energy should be generated on-site? At BedZED the aim was to have a demonstration project which It is likely that the BedZED CHP plant will be replaced would show how we can live sustainably in the in the coming year with an alternative system. One future. Simply put, the zero carbon strategy was to promising solution would be a wood heat unit - well reduce energy demand in the buildings for example proven and simple technology - to supply hot water through: insulation and air tightness, fitting homes through the district heating and hot water system. with low energy appliances and trying to influence The remainder of the renewable electricity can then 5 BedZED seven years on three planets to support us. We therefore need to reduce our ecological footprint by two thirds, which would include a 90% reduction in carbon emissions. When designing sustainable communities BioRegional thinks about it from the perspective of who is going to live or work there and considers all aspects of a person’s lifestyle impacts, using ecological and carbon footprinting. We call this approach “one planet living” and have developed ten principles of sustainability which we use as a framework to design sustainable communities and lifestyles. This one planet approach can be used by individuals and organisations as well as for projects. We have found that it is important to make it easy and convenient for people to take sustainable actions and difficult for them to take unsustainable ones. The monitoring consistently shows that sustainable Photo 1 South facing conservatories, credit: Marcus Lyon lifestyles account for around half the eco-savings at BedZED, and putting them in place when the be purchased from off-site sources. BedZED would community is built is key. then show a workable renewable energy strategy for communities of a similar scale in a similar type of The energy used from car driving can be as high suburban location. Of course, technology develops as the energy impact of running a home, so the all the time, but for now the lesson is that it is not need to avoid using fossil fuelled cars is a major sensible to say that all energy should be generated consideration. Once thinking like a resident who is on-site in all cases. What is possible, technically and trying to avoid driving, the thought process naturally economically, will vary by location, type and scale of leads to an acceptance of the need for higher density the buildings.
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