DOCSLIB.ORG

Ethnic Differences in Spiritual Intelligence: a Study in a Multicultural Context

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

ETHNIC DIFFERENCES IN SPIRITUAL INTELLIGENCE: A STUDY IN A MULTICULTURAL CONTEXT by DIANA SHANTO submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF LITERATURE AND PHILOSOPHY in the subject PSYCHOLOGY at the UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AFRICA Supervisor: Prof. Vasi Van Deventer 2016 © University of South Africa 2016 ETHNIC DIFFERENCES IN SPIRITUAL INTELLIGENCE: A STUDY IN A MULTICULTURAL CONTEXT by DIANA SHANTO submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF LITERATURE AND PHILOSOPHY in the subject PSYCHOLOGY at the UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AFRICA Supervisor: Prof. Vasi Van Deventer 2016 © University of South Africa 2016 i Contents Page List of Tables Xii List of Figures Xiii List of Abbreviations and Symbols Xiv Abstract Xvii Declaration Xviii Dedication Xix Acknowledgements Xx Chapter 1: Introduction 1 1.1 The multiple nature of intelligence 1 1.1.1 Musical intelligence 4 1.1.2 Bodily-kinaesthetic intelligence 4 1.1.3 Logical-mathematical intelligence 5 1.1.4 Linguistic intelligence 5 1.1.5 Spatial intelligence 5 1.1.6 Interpersonal and intrapersonal intelligences 5 1.1.7 Naturalist intelligence 6 © University of South Africa 2016 ii 1.1.8 Existential intelligence 6 1.1.9 Emotional intelligence (EQ) 7 1.1.10 Spiritual intelligence (SQ) 8 1.2 The Emergence and evidence of spiritual intelligence 8 1.3 Heightened interest in Spirituality/Religion in research 11 1.4 Ethnic identification and ethnic groups in Mauritius 12 1.5 General purpose of the present research 17 1.5.1 Statement of the research problem 18 1.5.2 Research questions 20 1.5.2.1 Study One 20 1.5.2.2 Study Two 20 1.5.3 Research objectives 20 1.5.4 Hypotheses 21 1.5.5 Methodology used in the thesis 22 1.6 Operational definition 22 1.7 Rationale and significance of the study 24 1.8 Definition of key terms 25 1.9 Content overview 26 © University of South Africa 2016 iii Chapter 2: The Spiritual Realm in Psychology 28 2.1 A panoramic view of spirituality 28 2.1.1 Towards a spiritual identity 32 2.2 The history and nature of spirituality 33 2.3 Spirituality and religion: The debate and differences 35 2.4 Approaches to spirituality 42 2.4.1 Vertical-horizontal model 42 2.4.2 Five levels of consciousness 43 2.4.3 The integrated approach and the unifying approach 44 2.4.4 The Self-Other-Context-Spiritual (SOCS) Circle 45 2.4.5 A holistic model of spirituality 47 2.4.6 The whole person: A model 48 2.5 Spirituality: Its development theories 49 2.5.1 James’ experiential theory of R-S development 49 2.5.2 Psychodynamic perspective: Jung’s theory of R-S development 50 2.5.3 Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs 51 2.5.4 Fowler’s Constructivist stage theory of faith development 53 2.6 Types of spirituality 58 2.6.1 Theistic spirituality 58 2.6.2 Existential spirituality 58 © University of South Africa 2016 iv 2.6.3 Community spirituality 59 2.7 The plausibility of spiritual intelligence: Concepts and theories 59 2.7.1 Existential theoretical underpinnings of spiritual intelligence 59 2.7.1.1 Emmons’ theories of spiritual intelligence 59 2.7.1.2 Levin and spiritual intelligence 60 2.7.1.3 Wolman and the PsychoMatrix Spirituality Inventory (PSI) 60 2.7.1.4 Nasel and the Spiritual Intelligence Scale (SIS) 61 2.7.1.5 Wigglesworth’s (2006) Simple Model of Four Intelligences 61 2.7.1.6 Vaughan’s (2002) views on SQ 62 2.7.1.7 Zohar and Marshall’s 12 features of SQ 63 2.7.1.8 Amram’s (2007) seven dimensions of spiritual intelligence 63 2.7.1.9 King’s viable model of spiritual intelligence 64 2.7.2 A proposed theory of spiritual intelligence 64 2.7.2.1 Subscales of the MSIS-1 65 2.7.2.1.1 Self-awareness and sensitivity 65 2.7.2.1.2 Transcendental awareness 67 2.7.2.1.3 Quest for meaning 68 2.7.2.1.4 Level of consciousness 69 2.7.2.1.5 Resilience 71 2.8 Conclusion 75 © University of South Africa 2016 v Chapter 3: Spirituality in the Workplace 76 3.1 Definitions of workplace spirituality 79 3.2 A brief history of workplace spirituality 85 3.2.1 Organisational spirituality and traditional religions 85 3.3 Spiritual leadership in organisations 86 3.4 Ethics and workplace spirituality 87 3.5 Measures of workplace spirituality 92 3.6 Conclusion 95 Chapter 4: Spirituality and Religion in Mauritius 96 4.1 Hinduism 96 4.2 Christianity 101 4.2.1 The Roman Catholic Church 102 4.2.2 The development of African-centred spirituality 103 4.3 Islam 105 4.4 Conclusion 108 © University of South Africa 2016 vi Chapter 5: The Upsurge of Interest in Ethnicity in Psychology 109 5.1 A broad view of ethnicity 109 5.1.1 Current definitions of ethnicity 110 5.1.2 Distinctions between ethnicity and race 112 5.2 The foundations of ethnicity and its theoretical development 112 5.2.1 Assimilation theory 113 5.2.2 Primordialism 115 5.2.3 Circumstantialism 116 5.2.4 Instrumentalism 117 5.2.5 Constructionism 118 5.2.6 Integrated approach to ethnicity 121 5.2.7 The cognitive perspective on ethnicity 121 5.2.8 Symbolic ethnicity 122 5.2.9 Constructionism perspective for the present study 124 5.3 Types of ethnicity 124 5.4 Identity development theories 125 5.4.1 Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development 125 5.4.2 Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory 127 5.4.3 Marcia’s four statuses of identity model 128 5.4.4 Optimal distinctiveness theory (ODT) 129 © University of South Africa 2016 vii 5.5 Ethnic identity: Definitions and theories 131 5.5.1 Definitions 132 5.5.2 Theories of ethnic identity and stages of development 132 5.5.2.1 Dual or multiple identities 133 5.5.2.2 Cross’s Nigrescence model of identity 133 5.5.2.3 Helms’ four stages of ethnic minority identity development 134 5.5.2.4 Phinney’s three-stage model of ethnic identity development 134 5.5.2.5 Identity process theory (IPT) 136 5.5.2.5.1 The application of IPT in the Mauritian context (1) 136 5.5.2.5.2 The application of IPT in the Mauritian context (2) 137 5.6 Mauritius: Its history and ethnic groups 137 5.6.1 Ethnic groups 140 5.6.1.1 The Mauritian-Creole identity 141 5.6.1.2 The Hindu identity: The majority 143 5.6.1.3 The Muslim identity 145 5.7 Multiculturalism and interculturalism 146 5.8 Conclusion 147 © University of South Africa 2016 viii Chapter 6: Methodology 149 6.1 Research paradigm 149 6.2 Research design 151 6.3 Data collection 152 6.3.1 Questionnaires 152 6.3.1.1 The MSIS-1 153 6.3.1.2 The MEIM-R 157 6.3.1.3 The MLQ, CD-RISC, PSC, NIRO, and BIDR 157 6.3.2 Distribution and response rates 159 6.3.3 Sampling strategies 161 6.3.3.1 Study One 161 6.3.3.2 Study Two 165 6.4 Data analysis 166 6.5 Ethical considerations 168 6.6 Conclusion 170 © University of South Africa 2016 ix Chapter 7: Results 171 7.1 Study One 171 7.1.1 Skewness and kurtosis 171 7.1.2 Reliability of the MSIS-1 and its subscales 175 7.1.3 Exploratory factor analysis of the Multicultural Spiritual Intelligence Scale 176 (MSIS-1) 7.1.4 Research questions 183 7.1.4.1 Spiritual affiliation 186 7.1.5 Comparison of the MSIS-1 with other similar and dissimilar tests 197 7.2 Study Two 201 7.2.1 Confirmatory factor analysis 203 7.2.2 Measurement and structural invariances of the MSIS-2 across Hindu, Creole 205 and Muslim groups 7.2.3 Modal fit measures for the factor model of the MSIS-2 208 7.3 Conclusion 214 © University of South Africa 2016 x Chapter 8: Discussion of results 215 8.1 The validity and reliability of the Multicultural Spiritual Intelligence Scale (MSIS) 216 8.1.1 The MSIS compared to other measures (the NIRO, PSC, and BIDR) 216 8.1.2 Dimensions of the MSIS 217 8.1.3 The implications of a five-factor model of spiritual intelligence 219 8.2 Ethnic differences in spiritual intelligence 219 8.3 Gender and spiritual intelligence 222 8.4 Ethnic identifications of the major ethnic groups 223 8.5 Limitations of the study 225 8.6 Recommendations 225 8.7 Conclusion 226 References 227 Appendices 268 © University of South Africa 2016 xi List of Tables Page Table 1.1: Dimensions of the MSIS-1 23 Table 1.2: Dimensions of the MEIM-R 24 Table 2.1: Link between components of resilience and spirituality 73 Table 3.1: Different types of ethical climates 90 Table 4.1: Indian philosophy of spirituality 100 Table 5.1: Adapted from Erikson’s theory of human development 127 Table 5.2: The four identity statuses suggested by Marcia (1966) 128 Table 6.1: Frequencies and percentages of responses on demographic items in Sample 163 One (N = 1177) and Sample two (N = 303) Table 7.1: Descriptive statistics for the MSIS-1 106-item pool (N = 1074) 172 Table 7.2: Reliability of the MSIS-1 and its subscales (N = 1177) 175 Table 7.3: KMO measure for each of the 106 items in the MSIS-1 (N = 1177) 177 Table 7.4: Rotated structure matrix for PCA with varimax rotation (major loadings for 180 the MSIS > 0.35) (N = 1177) Table 7.5: Reliability of the MSIS-2 and its subscales (N = 1177) 181 Table 7.6: Correlations among latent variables for study 1 (N = 1111) 182 Table 7.7: Standard guideline for evaluating correlations 185 Table 7.8: Correlation between the MSIS-1 and the MEIM including their subscales 189 Table 7.9: Correlations among related and unrelated measures with MSIS-1 and its 199 subscales Table 7.10: Descriptive statistics for the MSIS-2 29-item pool (N = 303) 202 Table 7.11: Skewness and kurtosis for males and females for each dimension (N = 303) 204 Table 7.12: Correlations among latent variables for study 2 (N = 286) 205 Table 7.13: Comparing the dimensions of MSIS-2 (N = 279) for the three ethnic groups 206 for metric invariance Table 7.14: Goodness-of-fit statistics for measurement invariance among the three 207 ethnic groups (N = 279) Table 7.15: Model comparisons
Recommended publications
  • 2018 Global Go to Think Tank Index Report1

    2018 Global Go to Think Tank Index Report1

    University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons TTCSP Global Go To Think aT nk Index Reports Think aT nks and Civil Societies Program (TTCSP) 1-2019 2018 Global Go To Think aT nk Index Report James G. McGann University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/think_tanks Part of the International and Area Studies Commons McGann, James G., "2018 Global Go To Think aT nk Index Report" (2019). TTCSP Global Go To Think Tank Index Reports. 16. https://repository.upenn.edu/think_tanks/16 2019 Copyright: All rights reserved. No part of this report may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the University of Pennsylvania, Think aT nks and Civil Societies Program. All requests, questions and comments should be sent to: James G. McGann, Ph.D. Senior Lecturer, International Studies Director, Think aT nks and Civil Societies Program The Lauder Institute University of Pennsylvania Email: [email protected] This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/think_tanks/16 For more information, please contact [email protected]. 2018 Global Go To Think aT nk Index Report Abstract The Thinka T nks and Civil Societies Program (TTCSP) of the Lauder Institute at the University of Pennsylvania conducts research on the role policy institutes play in governments and civil societies around the world. Often referred to as the “think tanks’ think tank,” TTCSP examines the evolving role and character of public policy research organizations.
  • Cities, Rural Migrants and the Urban Poor: Issues of Violence and Social Justice

    Cities, Rural Migrants and the Urban Poor: Issues of Violence and Social Justice

    Cities, Rural Migrants and the Urban Poor: Issues of Violence and Social Justice Research Briefs with Policy Implications Published by: Mahanirban Calcutta Research Group GC-45, Sector-III, First Floor Salt Lake City Kolkata-700106 India Web: http://www.mcrg.ac.in Printed by: Graphic Image New Market, New Complex, West Block 2nd Floor, Room No. 115, Kolkata-87 The publication is a part of the project 'Cities, Rural Migrants and the Urban Poor'. We thank all the researchers, discussants and others who participated in the project and in the project related events. We also thank the MCRG team for their support. The support of the Ford Foundation is gratefully acknowledged. Content Introduction 1 Part One: Research Briefs Section I: Kolkata 5 • Taking Refuge in the City: Migrant Population and Urban Management in Post-Partition Calcutta by Kaustubh Mani Sengupta • Urban Planning, Settlement Practices and Issues of Justice in Contemporary Kolkata by Iman Kumar Mitra • Migrant Workers and Informality in Contemporary Kolkata by Iman Kumar Mitra • A Study of Women and Children Migrants in Calcutta by Debarati Bagchi and Sabir Ahmed • Migration and Care-giving in Kolkata in the Age of Globalization by Madhurilata Basu Section II: Delhi 25 • The Capital City: Discursive Dissonance of Law and Policy by Amit Prakash • Terra Firma of Sovereignty: Land, Acquisition and Making of Migrant Labour by Mithilesh Kumar • ‘Transient’ forms of Work and Lives of Migrant Workers in ‘Service’ Villages of Delhi by Ishita Dey Section III: Mumbai 35 • Homeless Migrants
  • Hinduism Around the World

    Hinduism Around the World

    Hinduism Around the World Numbering approximately 1 billion in global followers, Hinduism is the third-largest religion in the world. Though more than 90 percent of Hindus live on the Indian subcontinent (India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal, and Bhutan), the Hindu diaspora’s impact can still be felt today. Hindus live on every continent, and there are three Hindu majority countries in the world: India, Nepal, and Mauritius. Hindu Diaspora Over Centuries Hinduism began in the Indian subcontinent and gradually spread east to what is now contemporary Southeast Asia. Ancient Hindu cultures thrived as far as Cambodia, Thailand, the Philippines, Vietnam, and Indonesia. Some of the architectural works (including the famous Angkor Wat temple in Cambodia) still remain as vestiges of Hindu contact. Hinduism in Southeast Asia co-worshipped with Buddhism for centuries. However, over time, Buddhism (and later Islam in countries such as Indonesia) gradually grew more prominent. By the 10th century, the practice of Hinduism in the region had waned, though its influence continued to be strong. To date, Southeast Asia has the two highest populations of native, non-Indic Hindus: the Balinese Hindus of Indonesia and the Cham people of Vietnam. The next major migration took place during the Colonial Period, when Hindus were often taken as indentured laborers to British and Dutch colonies. As a result, Hinduism spread to the West Indies, Fiji, Copyright 2014 Hindu American Foundation Malaysia, Mauritius, and South Africa, where Hindus had to adjust to local ways of life. Though the Hindu populations in many of these places declined over time, countries such as Guyana, Mauritius, and Trinidad & Tobago, still have significant Hindu populations.
  • Social, Formal, and Political Determinants of Trade Under Weak Rule of Law: Experimental Evidence from Senegalese Firms

    Social, Formal, and Political Determinants of Trade Under Weak Rule of Law: Experimental Evidence from Senegalese Firms

    SOCIAL,FORMAL, AND POLITICAL DETERMINANTS OF TRADE UNDER WEAK RULE OF LAW:EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE FROM SENEGALESE FIRMS∗ ABHIT BHANDARIy FEBRUARY 2021 Abstract How do firms ensure secure exchange when the rule of law is weak and contracting institutions privilege the politically connected? In developing countries, firms may use social, formal, or political heuristics when selecting business partners, but how these factors jointly impact exchange remains understudied. This article develops these the- oretical mechanisms and tests their impact with a conjoint experiment administered to 2,389 formal and informal firms in Senegal. I find evidence in support of all three theories: To varying degrees, social, state, and political factors simultaneously impact firms’ sense of deal security and likelihood of exchange. The results demonstrate the substantial influence of formal predictors of exchange even in an overwhelmingly in- formal business environment, and also establish the countervailing effects of political connections on trade. These findings suggest that firms in developing countries must contend with an intricate political calculus to ensure their growth. ∗I thank Fodé Sarr and the enumeration team for excellent research assistance. I thank Christopher Blattman, Nikhar Gaikwad, Jessica Gottlieb, Macartan Humphreys, Kimuli Kasara, Robert Kubinec, John Marshall, Mohamed Saleh, Tara Slough, and seminar participants at the African Studies Association, NYU-Columbia Informal Institutions Workshop, and IAST/TSE Economic History and Political Economy Working Group for helpful comments. This project was supported by the National Science Foundation (SES-1647457 and DGE-1644869) and was approved by the Columbia Institutional Review Board (IRB-AAAQ9047). I acknowledge funding from the French National Research Agency (ANR) under the Investments for the Future program (Investissements d’Avenir, grant ANR-17-EURE-0010).
  • The Religious Lifeworlds of Canada's Goan and Anglo-Indian Communities

    The Religious Lifeworlds of Canada's Goan and Anglo-Indian Communities

    Brown Baby Jesus: The Religious Lifeworlds of Canada’s Goan and Anglo-Indian Communities Kathryn Carrière Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies In partial fulfillment of the requirements For the PhD degree in Religion and Classics Religion and Classics Faculty of Arts University of Ottawa © Kathryn Carrière, Ottawa, Canada, 2011 I dedicate this thesis to my husband Reg and our son Gabriel who, of all souls on this Earth, are most dear to me. And, thank you to my Mum and Dad, for teaching me that faith and love come first and foremost. Abstract Employing the concepts of lifeworld (Lebenswelt) and system as primarily discussed by Edmund Husserl and Jürgen Habermas, this dissertation argues that the lifeworlds of Anglo- Indian and Goan Catholics in the Greater Toronto Area have permitted members of these communities to relatively easily understand, interact with and manoeuvre through Canada’s democratic, individualistic and market-driven system. Suggesting that the Catholic faith serves as a multi-dimensional primary lens for Canadian Goan and Anglo-Indians, this sociological ethnography explores how religion has and continues affect their identity as diasporic post- colonial communities. Modifying key elements of traditional Indian culture to reflect their Catholic beliefs, these migrants consider their faith to be the very backdrop upon which their life experiences render meaningful. Through systematic qualitative case studies, I uncover how these individuals have successfully maintained a sense of security and ethnic pride amidst the myriad cultures and religions found in Canada’s multicultural society. Oscillating between the fuzzy boundaries of the Indian traditional and North American liberal worlds, Anglo-Indians and Goans attribute their achievements to their open-minded Westernized upbringing, their traditional Indian roots and their Catholic-centred principles effectively making them, in their opinions, admirable models of accommodation to Canada’s system.
  • Haryanvi Caste Hindus

    Haryanvi Caste Hindus

    Haryanvi Caste Hindus indigineous church, with the exception of a few lower Pahari Panjabi caste groups (Dalits), among Nepali Haryanvi which several hundred fel- Rajasthani Hindi lowships have been estab- lished. Unfortunately, this response among the Dalits has only further served to alienate the upper caste Quick Facts majority peoples. There Population: 14,000,000 Indigenous Church Development Stage have been recent attempts Major Subgroups: 1 2 3 4 5 to reach the Jat, which make Jat- 3,700,000 up around one fourth of Chamar- 2,000,000 Classes A, B, C Ratio of non-Christians the Haryanvi population. Brahman- 1,500,000 for every 1 Christian However, the response has Rajput- 1,400,000 1 B-4% been limited, partially due Religion: Hindu 1,400 Believers: 0.07% A-<1% to the fact that the mission- Scriptures: Portions C-95% aries are mostly Dalits from Ministry Tools: JG South India. C Status: 3 M Status: 2 Class A- Are members of a Culturally Relevant Church MS Subgroups: 40+ Class B- Have close accss to a CRC, but have not yet joined How to Pray: Class C- Have no reasonable or close access to a CRC Pray for an effective wit- ness among the Haryanvi Identity: Over 40 Hindu peoples use imbalance of male to female ratios (11 upper castes that will bring the Haryanvi language as their mother- to 9 ratio) due to the selective abortions the gospel to these peoples tongue. They are the majority group of female babies. As a result, there is in ways that are sensitive and in the state of Haryana, with minority now a shortage of available brides, lead- relevant to their culture.
  • Jihadist Violence: the Indian Threat

    Jihadist Violence: the Indian Threat

    JIHADIST VIOLENCE: THE INDIAN THREAT By Stephen Tankel Jihadist Violence: The Indian Threat 1 Available from : Asia Program Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars One Woodrow Wilson Plaza 1300 Pennsylvania Avenue NW Washington, DC 20004-3027 www.wilsoncenter.org/program/asia-program ISBN: 978-1-938027-34-5 THE WOODROW WILSON INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR SCHOLARS, established by Congress in 1968 and headquartered in Washington, D.C., is a living national memorial to President Wilson. The Center’s mission is to commemorate the ideals and concerns of Woodrow Wilson by providing a link between the worlds of ideas and policy, while fostering research, study, discussion, and collaboration among a broad spectrum of individuals concerned with policy and scholarship in national and interna- tional affairs. Supported by public and private funds, the Center is a nonpartisan insti- tution engaged in the study of national and world affairs. It establishes and maintains a neutral forum for free, open, and informed dialogue. Conclusions or opinions expressed in Center publications and programs are those of the authors and speakers and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Center staff, fellows, trustees, advisory groups, or any individuals or organizations that provide financial support to the Center. The Center is the publisher of The Wilson Quarterly and home of Woodrow Wilson Center Press, dialogue radio and television. For more information about the Center’s activities and publications, please visit us on the web at www.wilsoncenter.org. BOARD OF TRUSTEES Thomas R. Nides, Chairman of the Board Sander R. Gerber, Vice Chairman Jane Harman, Director, President and CEO Public members: James H.
  • Faith-Inspired Organizations and Global Development Policy a Background Review “Mapping” Social and Economic Development Work

    Faith-Inspired Organizations and Global Development Policy a Background Review “Mapping” Social and Economic Development Work

    BERKLEY CENTER for RELIGION, PEACE & WORLD AFFAIRS GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY 2009 | Faith-Inspired Organizations and Global Development Policy A Background Review “Mapping” Social and Economic Development Work in Europe and Africa BERKLEY CENTER REPORTS A project of the Berkley Center for Religion, Peace, and World Affairs and the Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University Supported by the Henry R. Luce Initiative on Religion and International Affairs Luce/SFS Program on Religion and International Affairs From 2006–08, the Berkley Center and the Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service (SFS) col- laborated in the implementation of a generous grant from the Henry Luce Foundation’s Initiative on Religion and International Affairs. The Luce/SFS Program on Religion and International Affairs convenes symposia and seminars that bring together scholars and policy experts around emergent issues. The program is organized around two main themes: the religious sources of foreign policy in the US and around the world, and the nexus between religion and global development. Topics covered in 2007–08 included the HIV/AIDS crisis, faith-inspired organizations in the Muslim world, gender and development, religious freedom and US foreign policy, and the intersection of religion, migration, and foreign policy. The Berkley Center The Berkley Center for Religion, Peace, and World Affairs, created within the Office of the President in March 2006, is part of a university-wide effort to build knowledge about religion’s role in world affairs and promote interreligious understanding in the service of peace. The Center explores the inter- section of religion with contemporary global challenges.
  • Caste, Kinship and Sex Ratios in India

    Caste, Kinship and Sex Ratios in India

    NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES CASTE, KINSHIP AND SEX RATIOS IN INDIA Tanika Chakraborty Sukkoo Kim Working Paper 13828 http://www.nber.org/papers/w13828 NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138 March 2008 We thank Bob Pollak, Karen Norberg, David Rudner and seminar participants at the Work, Family and Public Policy workshop at Washington University for helpful comments and discussions. We also thank Lauren Matsunaga and Michael Scarpati for research assistance and Cassie Adcock and the staff of the South Asia Library at the University of Chicago for their generous assistance in data collection. We are also grateful to the Weidenbaum Center and Washington University (Faculty Research Grant) for research support. The views expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research. NBER working papers are circulated for discussion and comment purposes. They have not been peer- reviewed or been subject to the review by the NBER Board of Directors that accompanies official NBER publications. © 2008 by Tanika Chakraborty and Sukkoo Kim. All rights reserved. Short sections of text, not to exceed two paragraphs, may be quoted without explicit permission provided that full credit, including © notice, is given to the source. Caste, Kinship and Sex Ratios in India Tanika Chakraborty and Sukkoo Kim NBER Working Paper No. 13828 March 2008 JEL No. J12,N35,O17 ABSTRACT This paper explores the relationship between kinship institutions and sex ratios in India at the turn of the twentieth century. Since kinship rules varied by caste, language, religion and region, we construct sex-ratios by these categories at the district-level using data from the 1901 Census of India for Punjab (North), Bengal (East) and Madras (South).
  • The Place of Popular Religion in the System of Worship Among the Creoles of Mauritius

    The Place of Popular Religion in the System of Worship Among the Creoles of Mauritius

    THE PLACE OF POPULAR RELIGION IN THE SYSTEM OF WORSHIP AMONG THE CREOLES OF MAURITIUS by DANIEL DAVID MANIQUE C.S.Sp. Moderator: BENSON A MULEMI, MA. (Anthrop.) AN ESSAY SUBMITTED TO TANGAZA COLLEGE IN PARTIAL FUL- FILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF ARTS IN RELIGIOUS STUDIES OF ' THE CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF EASTERN AFRICA. Nairobi-Kenya February 2000 DECLARATION 1, the undersigned, hereby declare that this Long Essay has not been submitted to any other Institute or University for academic credit. All sources have been duly acknowledged. / Signed. 'Lfl.r- /7 Daniel David Manique c.s.sp. Date- t I --- MODERATOR. Mr. Benson Mulemi, MA. (Antro.) __ _ . , t ) Date- 1 DEDICATION I gratefully dedicate this work to my parents. Mr. Gabriel and Mrs. Gisele Manique through whom I carne to be and who have brought me up in a decent atmosphere of love. My dad has died since, may the Almighty God grant him eternal rest. I also extend this dedication, in a special way, to the whole Creole community which is trying to mould together an identity of its own. 11 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT My first vote of thanks goes to God the Almighty for I Iis precious gift of life and good health throughout my studies. I can't thank my Spiritan community- Nairobi and our benefactors too well for all their hospitality, support and encouragement throughout my studies and during the writing of this work, may God bless them all. The rich experience and knowledge I have acquired from Tangaza College is also due to the efforts of the academic staff of Tangaza College to whom I say thanks! Many people indeed have helped me in this work.
  • District Census Handbook Singhbhum

    District Census Handbook Singhbhum

    GOVERNMENT OF BIHAR DISTRICT CENSUS .HANDBOOK SINGHBHUM By RANCHOR PRASAD, M.A., I.A.S. Superintendent 0/ Ce11sus Operations, Bihar. PRINTED BY THE SUPERINTENDEKT SECRETARIAT PRESS, BIHAR, PATNA 1956 [ Price- ·Rs. 5 J PREFACE This Handbook contains mainly statistical data and is not intended tQ_ l'filpkroe trhe Distl'wt Gazetteer which gives a comprehensive account of the district in narrative- fOr11l. Most of the statistical tables included in the volume are based on materials collected in the 1951 cC?nsus, but some non-census statistics have also been included and a brief introductioo to the:- .di~t#ct ·h~s. been furnished in order to enable readers to follow the statistical tables witht91fir,J;nuch difficllity. 2. Before this, District Handbooks containing important census tables and e-ther statistics were, published in 1905 and 1916 in the form of statistical supplements to District Gaoot~eers. Th@se Handbooks did not contain any statistics relating to indiyidual villages. Madras and certain other provinces and Indian States published village statistics of some districts at the 1921, 1931 and 1911 censuses. In Bihar also, there were proposals in 1921 and 1931 for publishing similar statistics, but they did ncit materialise. The idea of publishing Handbooks like this containing both district tables and statistics of area, popUlation, literacy and livelihood pattern for each . village besides other useful statistics relating -to the district owes its inception to Shri R. A. Gopalaswami, I. c. s., Census Commissioner of India in 1951. This recommendation was readily accepted by the Government of Bihar who have sanctioned the publication of the Handbooks at.
  • GR]]Vj Z Wvted ;R^^F Hzey Ac` Evcc`C

    GR]]Vj Z Wvted ;R^^F Hzey Ac` Evcc`C

    / 0 >& 3 " 5 " 5 5 6-.;6<97 %%4 1%23)' &%#), 6@ @D/% &!3 *?* @3/* &@ //& 4D/6&* C/& ! " # ""#$!#% %#%#% @6? 4# A# #6 46 @! B/C B#@!/6&#6 :$) #6 */!#/ #&#%%# 0 ,:': 665 ::: E * / ( ) 8(#= 9# R " 456/7 /# #$%&#& or the first time an alarm- Fing similarity is seen in the R security situation between Kashmir valley and Jammu '(' 9)') ! province — swelling of crowd )** 9)'' at funeral of terrorist killed in " encounter besides hartals, +' 9)'9 protests and demonstrations against their killings. ,+ 9)': 4#3! The first such incident took place in Sunderbani ))* 9)'; ome Minister Rajnath region of Rajouri on March 28 HSingh on Sunday said this year after four terrorists )*, 9)' Pakistan can seek India’s help were neutralised. More than if it cannot handle the fight 1,000 locals attended the funer- )-* 9)'< against terrorism alone. al of these terrorists and raised .- 9)'= He asserted there have not slogans against the been any major terrorist relat- Government. Since then, Doda, ed incident in the country in by hawala players and they Rajouri and Poonch have reg- over four years of the Narendra chose an ordinary place to ularly witnessed bandhs and Modi-led NDA Government. avoid any suspicion private protests whenever terrorists as well to fill the gap. ammunition from their hide- “I want to ask the Pakistani lockers to keep their money, are killed in South Kashmir and Over 170 youths from the outs. Prime Minister (Imran Khan) said sources. The cash alleged- a call is given by separatist Valley have joined terror ranks Regular “hartals” and that if in Aghanistan, a fight ly belonged to some high-pro- organisations for strike.