►ae*sa.a#&.S£ = t* r-> a. -** o hk o nr* ~<*.C £52

THE TIMES Galtieri joins two former 31.12.83 Presidents indicted

for murder and treason

"“SS2K- wm^mm KKJWWS.WThe decree was seen as an Former President Galtien of effort to fulfill a repealed Argentina, who was also the ' campaign pledge by Scnor Army commander, and the mmi& [ Alfonsin to try those respon- Navy and Air Force com- g||g» siblc for the military's bloody manders who helped him to campaign against leftist terror- plan last year's ill-fated Falk- ism in the mid and late 1970s. lands invasion, were arraigned More than 6.000 Argentines yesterday on charges of murder. arc believed to have been torture, and illegal privation of kidnapped and murdered by liberty by Argentina's highest tfS&raggy state security and armed forces military court. The new President's initiat- The court appearances came ivcs which include a corn- one day after four former armed fg|a£jg| mission to investigate the fate services commanders, including o|- lhe disappeared and special former Presidents Jorge Videla General Galtieri: In the legislation to facilitate the and Roberto Viola, presented dock with junta colleagues investigation of military person- themselves before the Supreme ncl by civilian courts, have Council ot the Armed Forces j$ former jsjavv Commander prompted a broadening perusal here. They are accused of the £mili0 Massera, who is under by Argentines of their country’s same crimes bv the military s -preventive arrest” in a Buenos bloody past, new comniander-in-chici. the ^;res naval jail pending a Court-ordered exhumations new civilian President, Schor cjvj|jan court investigation of from mass graves of the bodies Raul Alfonsin. the mysterious disappearance in of presumed victims of state In all. nine former service 1977 'Qf a Buenos Aires man security forces were due to have commanders, comprising the believed to have been his taken place yesterday in Buenos first three of four military juntas busines oartner. Aires. ruling Argentina since the The courts matial proceed- in apparent effort to keep a armed forces seized power here ings. begun on Thurday, were politically even-handed in 1976. arc being tried in the ordered in a special decree two approach to past civil strife, Government-ordered courts weeks ago by President Alfon- > Schor Aifonsin's Government . martial. sin,the 56-ycar-old leader of the announced on Thursday the One of the two commanders mainly middle class Radical formation of a special anti-ter- who has not \et beet arraigned Party, who w-as inaugurated on rorist securitv force

r 51 / 'll FINANCIAL

TIMES Court charges Galtieri junta BY DAVID WELNA IN BUENOS AIRES 31.12.83 GENERAL Leopoldo Galtieri, Argentines after the 1976 mill- arraigned for their handling of the former Argentine President, tary takeover. the Falklands conflict. The proceedings are to con- was yesterday charged with ordered by Argentina’s recently tinue next month despite the murder ana torture in sum- inauguratea civilian President traditional suspension of legal mary court martial before the gr r3ui Alfonsin. He signed activity during the forthcoming Supreme Council of the Armed into law this week the repeal of summer holidays here. The Forces. The two other members an amnesty law decreed by the verdicts can be appealed against 1 of the ruling military junta former military government in civilian courts, where new during the Falkland Islands which protected members of the evidence can be introduced, conflict, Brig Basilio Lami Dozo, armed forces from prosecution In a related development the former Air Force com- for the disappearances. Two former President General Rey- mander, and Admiral Jorge former presidents, General naldo Bignone failed to appear Anaya, the former Navy com- Jorge Videla and General in civilian court on Thursday mander, were also charged. Roberto Viola, were charged on where he had been accused of They, and the six other mem- Thursday in the same proceed- illegal privation of liberty in bers of the three successive ings. relation to the disappearance of three-man juntas which ruled This is the second summary a physicist five years ago. Gen between 1976 and 1982, have court martial that General Gal- Bignone’s lawyer told the court been so charged for having tieri and his Air Force and that the former President was allegedly presided over the dis- Navy commanders have faced unable to testify because his appearance of more than 7,000 this month, having already been wife was ill.

McMiUan-Scott Associates Public Affairs 41 Whitehall l.ondon SWIA 2BZ Telephone. 01-l).V) (/J35

- J I 64'

fils fspi! ^ifW|fip:i!!“i;? *' % lit: 1*1= f"5iHiH- !1 -s i! i: - oq §

;f^cS'S.a P'&S-o>srt!!|7Ic"l=-.= ilpt?""§5lIJUIn >=•§!'“ Uo 3 § 50! ? 3b, Jr-s‘t-SSl a3oM3- s S-gli’?' - S§ H S^8§gs*§§ ?gsro.2SigB|fs- ^ H

PI ' Ti3;!si«!itf&25iP!l!ll"IIlJIilI|s9p > J

!*I IXK icp?W!4t Mi I *: £■ ;r+ 1 f ishtiil; #l»;! !!IPK:I5 11 2 f “°pl.|p-||Is.;=°S“lt“^|™wo^o!§J|.ssg.I=| fg. f-K 8, M* $

4!Kills?ntlMmtf.%.tarn«* « O 3

i=!si:‘i»Hi hs 3 Cll!iliK C | al'lssphsl w»S.s»*^W|*ll!fU*;*i» s I ^■ltK|=s|l3 I3s«f§'3§<&s*si:«=sisgt&l| Qj 91 „0t£-2;3S5S3-’ H!2=33"0S5, s:«g§sc-! 2°“ S^m11§|3.3^| oaB.«|.|:?s 52* !-§iwP!•?“!! ;1:§M' 3a-°|3 "■&*«*:Is” o*; I illllsalffl ISH^SsilSltai IP&I-Hm?

lo O ^g«83353g?^|lgfal5stI^|t!ff?lK||f""|!1 n- 5- o C s.3”§s|s«53^|3p! 3g0l|| W > *3 to r^a5|spfoe,Ssr|g|^i& OJ Z WRipaiiitiiiiii^it^Rh!!! sf! 5-lWi»l|Ii»ir»P*slPlM!s!4?|eirsl hj f b> 5^3°S’g’JS.^S&g.®p.3£b3 ; g|&|^|s|!o ^IgsUPg o»|B'°&t? MJ3 mo

H«CM< dI«B«« ««*«’ •”=■_* (D 3 IP tgw Hill! jiitPfMlfip i!l?| w I isipiHsr.'-Wl .. Ks

SUPS*” £*?*«£=■ ral“” .-fill's „!i ^ 'g

&BS?5??p5 ?"s O- |

s,s?s-i3iirsf|!il§.lll:IP|IIsP'IffllIrf.i S- l P § :§ -s =! f »i!;i , t3 I p pin;%;pg ^ ^•g|I|pa'2.,:ii!feif!ii! *«*£§« g-^lsSaS-ss3ro!p»§;j^ U **3 S§ ;p2>$‘ k-S5- *8§|i3,g»Sgis|,**S*?§5£8f*6*,§35,3£.* ^ ® « 5tffljff3aS3P3:a> ^iiSfBaas^S ^ m

aiS^lllpiilSS it^ilEIWalPS * SL I -P! IlslSIri-st-SsaS !ilmi>n *?««” r sr p (P. ^ MI • McMillan-Scott Associates Public Affairs

tH.'j.Aii c»'JA5 41 Whitehall U»nck.nSWlA2BZ Tek-phnm- J 1

T GUARDIAN Question on 30.12.83 submarine Mr Michael Heseltine, the' Defence Secretary, is to be ; asked to explain in the Com­ mons why Britain maintains a nuclear submarine on patrol off the Falkland Islands. The Labour MP, Mr Tara Dalyell, yesterday tabled a question to the Defence Secre­ tary after watching a Scottish TV programme on life in the Falklands. Mr Dalyell said: “ I could hardly believe it when a Bri­ tish nuclear submarine appeared on the screen off Port Stanley, the capital. Bri­ tain has a treaty commitment to keep nuclear weapons out of the South Atlantic.” Mr Dalyell has tabled i further questions to Mr Hesel-1 O. tine asking the cost to public ■ funds of enabling the Scottish television company to film life on the Falklands. “ This company is des­ 1 perately short of resources. It ! is hard to imagine that it met all the costs of this pro­ gramme, ncluding travel tc the Falklands, use of heli­ copters for photographing pen­ guins, and other facilities on the islands,” he said. i

i

V THE Argentina digs up its past v\ TIMES From Our Correspondent, Buenos Aires i 30.12.83 Argentine courts arc literally results of the investigations and Wednesday that 41 more digging' up their country’s growing calls for inquiries at unidentified bodies of Argen­ bloody pasf as judicially- other graveyards, it would seem tines “killed in confrontations ’ ,> ordered exhumations of mass the courts have only begun to with security forces” were - \ graves in several cemeteries scratch the surface on burials concealed in mass graves in a have in the past week yielded during the “dirty war” against local cemetery. the bodies of more than 30 terrorists, Television, which was presumed victims of security The Mayor of Almirante heavily censored under military forces. Brown revealed on Tuesday rule, has been replete with The exhumations are part of that 14 of the 15 bodies graphic reporting of the a wave of court investigations exhumed in his city were exhumations. News reports this into the fate of more than 6,000 without hands, evidently, cut week included footage of grave­ Argentines who vanished dur- off he said, to prevent yard workers packing large ing the past seven years of identification, plastic bags with bones and recently-concluded military He said three of the skulls taking them for identification. rule. exhumed had gunshot holes in Most bodies found so far in Acting with vigour after the them, while many skulls these and earlier exhumations inauguration of President Raul showed signs of having received have been discovered in groups Alfonsin’s civilian adminis- severe beatings. He estimated of about a half dozen in tration on December 10, the that the cemetery would yield paupers’ graves or beneath legal courts have had graves dug up between 60 and 70 similarly- graves. in the Buenos Aires suburbs of buried bodies. The exhumations are not the Almirante Brown, Olivos and in The newly-elected mayor of only sign of a new willingness to the city of La Plata near by. the northern Buenos Aires stnp away the secrecy Judging by the immediate suburb of San Isidro said on surrounding the “dirty war”.

McMillan-Scott Associates Public Affairs

•11 Whitehall London SWlA 21V/. Telephone Ol-'l.Atth'l.iS

1. u1 1

h .

Falklands rush DAILY TELEGRAPH

-V 29.12.83 fades with the • ■*'; '7 patriotic fervour By ALAN COPPS AS the wave patriotic fervour which followed the conflict against Argentina has receded, so too has the enthusiasm of - the thousands who rushed to sign on for a new hTe in the Falkland Islands. £31m to spend Em for the determined priority is to improve agricul­ I To\ ho have remained on Mr Taylor’s job is to spend tural productivity, chiefly from j file £31 million in development the islands’ 600,000 sheep. A ! ihr immigration list and aid pledged to the Falklands team of experts from Britain is ' who have valuable skills to over five years. Already £15 already at work examining ways • r her. 1 he long wait may million has been earmarked to of improving the rough pasture ' ton be over. improve the town’s agcink and land, and at Fox Bay, on West damaged basic services, and Falkland, a £130,000 woollen Ah early the islands* popula- work is under way to modern­ mill has started production. has shown Us f;i>t ise water and power supplies. Eventually it will provide not " reuse, sincer . 1945. Since Mr Taylor says that all his only wool for home use Vmi also : >i!'d of the conflict 26 plans will be based on the complete knitted products. ■ ,,!kl-'do>rs have returned premise that even when tho Ideas needed >oin overseas and 28 new- new airport, capable of taking ‘ omers have moved in. wide-bodied jets, os opened, a Immigration rema.tis the key I sizeable permanent garrison will to expansion. ** Everyone here I Now Mr David Taylor, newly remain on the islands. is in a sense an immigrant, be i ;1P:),-:nted chief executive of “ I simply don’t see any it going back 20 years or 150 'ie Island’s Government, has prospect of a political settle­ years or more That is the life i '‘:!rtcct "ork in Port Stanley ment at all,” he says. blood of the islands. What ye i I wHn the task of planning the need now are people wlOa • economic development of the He believes that the greatest colony. i ideas,” says Mr Taylor. ~HT.other field for possible, A site for several smsll Lack ofIrades I expansion is fishing. Tne factories has been found near islanders are pressing U«e Stanley and these will be avail­ Some trades are desperatelvl Government is declare a 205- needed In a place where resi- able both to immigrants and (Ini s have long been proud mile economic zone around the islanders with ideas. Amoi'g islands in order to raise revenue those being considered is a from the sale of licences. But _ r^C Jln. found m even a small English such a zone would be difficult tyres, which get such hea'-y 'r cfe are lacking in the town to police. punishment on the rough roads,' • At present these rich waters and a metalworking shop. J. s,an,ev. ‘V'ith its 900 popula- are heavily fished by Spanish. Japanese and East European hi.T/.te \s no baker, no fleets. __ Cl1pf,s s,1op, no shoemaker, nn ?arI*>ur or hairdresser and Fleet servicing no wakhmender. These tasks Traditionally fish _ have been done by played a small part in the a b rVn1hcir spare time on economy because the Falklands town’s nnnS,|S’ buf now* with the are too far away from any population outnumbered large market, and lack the ves­ "Lnsf.n Hre^o-one by the sels and freezing equipment Special "c! nf*°d *0r m0re required for large-scale n r * s ls Passing, trawling. in hnw SUCh pe0P,e 030 move Mr Taylor, who formerly needed ?nrrUnew homes ar« ■worked for the Booker with dall But so far* McConnell Company in several having in hb -, dmg materials Third World countries, thinks I absent °fbe jmPortcd and the that if a zone could be estab­ Argentina^ declaration by lished the islanders would ’ ceased ,nf i-1.bat hostilities have priori?yf 1 3ry needs have had benefit from servicing and sup­ plying the fleets. One inshore i fishing venture is already ! wooden 3 k SCOre imPorled being tried. against ,t.bou^es» triple-glazed Tourism is another field for bmng ihVVlnd and co,d* development. Two American StanJey nea;^ 00 lhe °dgC °f cruise vessels call regularly at '-j near the racecourse. Stanley during the supfimer and, together with the troops, provide the basis for a growing I

C/5 r> ii |il| =1611 liii'iili:-!:! a C/5

f* C * e * “s|s.f!!i| |j„? 5E,Coo'S°- *lS|tiSi|lltg 2 £•£•§ a 5?« g«lliBE|-ai:|g s|.- C 3 O • im „,it IlilifiiSllMl 00 S s?y!l-|l!^!! lHiIIfl 111 If! Ill £?•£ 2? CU Q g3^u-g^l3s»l^SSg-g0^“: MooS-«5owcn *- c« S’5 c 2* | pgl« * «s g.2-§.g> ■ 0.s8§~c&! %£*%* 1S§.b-S- o^vO^.S || b cf |?.*a S-p _§*S3 S •S-Sg^ &8s«i" .§ § e C/5 O - p-cl Bs§*i81 p H|e| if-s°pp|p|! H o 3o--&?M B5«u»:Co‘"<- 111 SI! ill! If!! li Hill 111 ,T ^

v - ■"• - , * \>- •1 ||-§|!^|

Vf E :s!S^a s © £ *■’ a* ^3 s-« C“S2 ■ li III!?:: w kta 181 Es! §!■!?! oo ? On ' *»• & 1& 2-i|aI?s& *4 oo o v>> -n £ 2 op-12 3 * c-c-o < c* ® * w » S § « g 2 " C CQ Ph mi 2°2-S'3 „ »> E g 2 » g1 w3 Pill U if? 611! I U4 FI < Sul o'aI|(S a i ;■- . .:-: *J|•'ii2 «| 2ipti I ?S E I : ~ - 8 ^ c~ a Q ■«s ■IfSs.gg C/5 ' ,J^:: ~ o e w — -C — w C/5 Ii #o«** D £ 2.S w w .2 3? tt.'r’S '5~ ^ -Ifl! .1 s1"O *3 cC3 V) z UJ ^o33o o |||o=-o8 s►-H p w.ti ^ ^ H C/5 OT3 ^ W (D 1^1 ■Bfll«-a,8fi^ l§rll“™ m - OT3 ^ g o-|;^§||^|| •l^§.fS86H *-H • w-4 K cd t3 <-> a H (» a O X3 O a £ (U o « i Vh 0? o cd 50 si « M

o« Cj« "O.q^i$:i’0 00 O ^ ° ° ~ ni§y‘£5!iJl*!i»!*«iiifif*hki!uW^.Ct/,'S5SJw'^.^e3^fc‘««)S2 3 .gi >> ^ (4-1 ) Xi « o V c|-S2 11 ll-S<:l §&■“ « -p & &1 -S'0! 8 |a|| I B-|‘? i 2-f| I§1si&|h Ll s|l B m u > ! o • »m—* cd B ; •il^i^sil.llyfi"! Jhdi&ra-§S£fiSSs f'|S-a icd « 3 e s u 1 tl« rfw* 1*11 Krill5 1 fllilllll!1 e a<3.2 <2 ^ a gS

—1 VlJvMBatfjiiafiBiiSB&iiiUaBBiUHa 1 ‘DEAL SOON’ DAILY TELEGRAPH ON BEAGLE 28.12.83 CHANNEL^ /i- By MARY SPECK/ T in Buenos Aires r\ PRELIMINARY accord GUARDIAN ‘between Argentina and Chile over disputed islands 28.12.83 in the Beagle Channel may 1 soon be ready for signing, 1 according to the Argentine Expedition lands Foreign Minister, Dr Dante INDIA’S Caputo. third expedition to Antarctica landed there yes­ He said on Monday that terday to set up the country’s M concrete progress ” had been first permanent scientific made towards an agreement station. The 83-member team, during a visit by Under-Sec­ including two women, com­ retary Hugo Gobbi to Rome pleted the 24-day trip aboard last week. the Finnish ice breaker Finn Only a few differences Polaris. — AP. remained to be -resolved, he said. " The Vatican has mediated on the border dispute between Argentina and Chile for mo-re than four years. Although Chile accepted a mediation proposal bv the Pope in December, 1980, the Argen­ tine military government refused either to accept or reject it. Throughout the recent Argentine^ election _campqign_ THE TIMES President ATfonsin promised to work within the framework of the Papal proposal to reach 28.12.83 * a peaceful solution to the 1 dispute. * Dr Caputo hinted that an ‘ agreement mav force Argen- 1 tina to relinquish.its claims to Ship intercepted some of the islands and to An Argentine cargo vessel : share the waters. infringed the 150-mile Falkland 1 The conflict has been over Islands protection zone, on three small islands off the Christmas Eve, but left after southern tip of South America. being seen by RAF fighter^ the Their possession could deter­ Ministry of Defence said. mine the right to search for oil.

THE TIMES Questions on Falklands death ------—« in January. The Ministry of 27.12.83 By Our Political Reporter :;||g§ m. Defence said yesterday that it Mr Michael Heseltine. the I was unaware of any suspicious C«rretarv of State for Defence, circumstances but could not fs ” urged .o SCI up an comment officially unt.l after inquiry into the conditions of |g§g' (VI } t'V «|§g the inquest. British servicemen on South • - f * Mr Dalyell said yesterday Georgia in the South Atlantic §|M§ :,J§I that he had been contacted by after the death of a soldier. ■'% the family of another soldier, Relatives of a colleague of the j - If™ who was not one of his dead soldier. Sapper David g||gg|: f constituents, because of his Mead, aged 23. of the Royal ; /UJsSHj interest in Falklands matters. Engineers, have contacted Mr |||g|| -This family has the impression Tam Dalyell, Labour MP for l|j||l v that there have been all sorts of Linlithgow, to tell him of the |||g|j|s strange goings on possible “extraordinary set-up on the igfsjiflgl because of the extreme climac- island. the MP said yesterday. tic conditions down there. They i Sapper Mead was found dead HU believe that the climate is : in his sleeping bag after a Heseltine: Questions having a strange effect 1 regimental party. A P^-mor- over soldier’s death. Mr Dalyell is tabling Com- ‘bTthe MTn“f Defence after died of acute alcohol poisoning. ^kiJrf I ten‘unlawfei^kilfed3! A Home flowTback Britain Jt week inquiry into the death of Sapper Office pathologist found that he and an inquiry will be held early Mead.

McMiUan-Scott Associates Public Affairs

41 Whitehall London SW1A 2BZ Telephone: 1)1-930 6935

_:__ I I DAILY TELEGRAPH 24.12.83

Falkland# sovereignty~ Royal Engineers

pledge by Thatcher change shape of By NICHOLAS COMFORT Political Staff rpHE Prime Minister told visited the Falklands in January, A Falkland Islanders last told the islanders that British Falkland Islands night hat she had no inten- ^Wgln .‘hci,- families and^ 3® tion of negotiating away addcd- “i hope you’ll look; Britain’s sovereignty over aftcr them and give them a ter-' By ALAN COPPS in Port Stanley „ . . the colony and that they ripic Christmas.” 'THE garrison in Port Stanley has.-not. only had “ much to look forward sajd shc would be recaL to.” ling the places she had visited -*• made a decisive impact on the Islanders’ In a Christmas message on and the islanders she had-met, the BBC World Service, Mrs at Chequers tomorrow when she way of life, it has quite literally changed the Thatcher made it plain that her rcaci as the Christmas Day recent exchange of civilities jesson the passage from Luke’s shape of the island. limited experience, has not with Dr Alfonsin. the newly- Gospel on the shepherds abid- Beside the airfield over- been without its problems - . , clected President of the Argcn- jng jn the fields, keeping watch tine, did not mean any softening ov~cr thcir flocks, looking Stanley Harbour, of her position on sovereignty. The Prime Minister also there was until about a j harder than granite, ft wears Brighter future offered hopes of a brighter year ago a . . economic future, starting with 100 ft peak jyfg. *t!f g™ “ T am not negotiating the tllc completion of the new air- called Mary Hill. Braden. - sovereignty of the Falkland porl which is now under.,con-w At first the quarry worked 24. Islands with anyone,” she said. struction. ■ All that remains is a 50-ft hours a day. but .that proved “They are British. You. the hole surrounded , by.. thec too expensive on machinery.- people, have a right to deter- .“ We’re trying to do every- mechanical paraphenalia ol Now it works for 12 hours a mine your own future. That is thing we can to rebuild the the biggest Quarry run by day extracting stone, while not negotiable. structure of the Falkland* the Royal Engineers since another team of 30 Sappers.: , , r , . Islands and give the young j945. carry out maintenance through­ “ So you can look forward to pe0pje a chance to know that •M the New Year knowing that it they can have the kind of life The scar of workings, crush­ out the night. is absolutely all right.” which they can build and which, ing machinery and temporary Bomb disposal Mrs Thatcher, recalling the has become traditional in the buildings spreads for half a hospitality shown her when she islands.” mile along the skyline. Tt is estimated that almost half a milliriu tons of rock have “When they next come to now been tvken out of Mary survey the Islands they’ll have j-jj11 „to re-draw_ ,the map_ ,here, ” r says With the immense amount of L^pt. Stephen Braden of -0 construction work under way Held Squadron, who is now in in Staniev, thc quarry will be GUARDIAN the process of handing ovew the requircd t0 work at the same quarry, complete with all its ratc for a long time to come. •' equipment, to a civilian consor- , . . .. . 24.12.83 tiuni The quarry is not the engin­ eers’ only task on the Islands.-' Roads across peat Bomb disposal remains a high r priority even 18 months aftcr The quarry was one of the the end of the war. first works begun after thc „ Absolute imclarity liberation of the Falklands last Hie Argentine trenches., One minute the shrivelled little paper pound is year, when its stone was dcs- around the town are J»tilL,i&. perately needed to reinforce the vcaling hidden n^!Jaccs\J>nlT1’ being phased out: the next minute Mrs Thatcher says ddy roads that run across th,c °7 it’s not. One minute Britain is beginning a tortuous - peat around Staniev to take ^nd earlier t s f rapprochement with the new, democratic Argentina. the weight of military vehicles. ^explosion * the next minute Mrs Thatcher is delivering her Falk­ Since then just under 2.000 such blasts are regular fca- lands Christmas message — a broadcast absolutely tons of stone have been taken tures of life, - •''••sn outside the bland, moralistic tradition of such effusion. out of Mary Hill each day, and But the bomb disposal’s most- “ I want to make one thing very clear,” she says. A in the windy South Atlantic djffiCVIlt problem remains the < summer its biting dry dust f{c,ds 0f plastic thousand kelper radio sets shiver. “ I am not negotiating mines sewn StanlcytCS ^ landscape a,,iund indiscriminately around -tltcS the sovereignty of the Falklands with anyone . . . town. __ You can look forward to the New Year knowing that you The roads are now coated in Although the boffins in are absolutely all right.” . the crushed rock, and the Britain are still working to find Nothing, on the one hand, could be absolutely Portakabin villages where thc a proper detector for such clearer: nothing, on the other hand, could sit more troops live and work stand on mines. all the squads on the foundations made of it. Islands can do at the moment uneasily with the muffled diplomatic drumbeats sur­ But thc quarry working, is fence in the known fields, rounding Mr Raul Alfonsin’s accession to power. Mr ! although regarded as a major So far 115 have been found Alfonsin has his own public opinion at his back. If he success by the Engineers in a and new suspect areas are still talks at all, he will want to talk in the end about field where previously they had being regularly reported. sovereignty. Otherwise there is no point in talking, he, : and his heirs and successors, must merely wait until . Britain gets another Prime Minister. The Foreign Office » knows that The Cabinet knows that. But has anybody ; told Mrs Thatcher . i

McMillan-Scott Associates Public Affairs

•U Whitehall London SWlA 2BZ Telephone; Ol-W>WJ5 1 GUARDIAN 24.12.83

A’crofting in the Falklands go family of 10

THE arrival of one lmmi- rhiidren Seven-tenths of ings it makes economic J £. carpentry, fishing grant family in the Falklands suniWlng in small sense Spare containei^ sell V next year will increase the villages in the Cantho area of forI1£501 e' y in a 'year’s time, according islands* net population gam s0UthS Vietnam. But they arc ^11 nsulated andI «e ^ Dowling plan, the rest- cince the conflict by nearly bpin£r Eranted exit visas by already used for accommoaa w g anfl- makes 30 per cent and also drasli- the Vietnamese government ti0“ "“narte of the Oriental takeaway food avail- cally boost their rice imports. and resldence visas by the ^eflcexpos^11 Pas bv seien- able to the Falklands gam- Roland Dowling is taking Falklands government. glands, as well y son for the first tilEe. In the Ids wife’s entire Vietnamese The advance guard — the tists in the Ante ctic. carly stages it may only pvtended family down to three Dowlings — will travel Mr Dowling jesi r y 20 mcals a week, start the first croft attempted in the new year with two assured ^teners to BREs ® t that*s enough cash-flow there in modern times and to pigs and a cow and a con- Calling the ™kianas pro nke ours,” Mr opentiiereinone of the few Viet- tafner-full of belongings gramme. I am not totally ^ «We can five restaurants south of They go to a 50-acre patch of sre^n. An more cheaply than most. the^Equator. They will be the bare moorland at Fitzroy ®®c.f’A* part of “Our biggest expense is newest, most numerous and Ridge, 20 miles from the croft -- in a P going to be importing rice. I most frugal immigrants so far. The family totals 10 people — Mr Dowling, his Vlctiiam- —tainers - clad- -KS |S|| ■>•=.!"£ 5SS4rt=«SS « granite. ese-ban wife Cam Tu, their a revolutionary family frilly make a 16,i Nic restauran.. son Michael aged 2, and This is

11* Soldier ‘died of drink’ FINANCIAL A soldier whose body was His body, which was exam- TIMES flown back from South Georgia ined at Oxford mortuary after 4 this week, died from acute an RAF jet brought it to Brize 24.12.83 alcohol poisoning, a Home Norton, is expected to be Office pathologist has found. released for burial by his family. Sapper David Mead, aged 23, The ministry said yesterday of the Royal Engineers, was that it could not comment until found dead in his sleeping bag the verdict of an inquest was after a “regimental knees-up”. known. ‘Falklands A post-mortem examination A board of inquiry would was ordered by the Ministry of take cognizance of the verdict Defence after initial suspicions and any evidence that was are British’ that he had been unlawfully submitted, or comments made killed. by the coroner

insists THE TIMES 24.12.83 Thatcher Thatcher’s sovereignty By Margaret van Hattem THE PRIME MINISTER yester­ pledge to Falklanders day sent a Christmas message to the Falklands again assuring By Tony Samstag a if* the islanders that the question “We are trying to do everything of sovereignty was not The sovereignty of the Falk- we can to build that new "Ihe tid in a BBC World Service broadcast: “ 1 am not new negotiating the sovereignty of Mi.,.:., ss the Falkland Islands with any­ In her Christmas message to of|ife which they can build and one. They are British. the islanders on the BBC which has become traditional in “ You, the people, have a external services’ twice weekly the Falkland Islands, right to determine y°urC|wn programme Calling the ralk- future. That is not negotiable. lands, Mrs Thatcher said: ‘‘I “A life of effort. A life where Mrs Thatcher also stressed want to make one thing very yor are all part ot the same the Government’s determination clear to you. I am not community. A life where you do to proceed with building a new negotiating the sovereignty of things for one another, and a airport at Port Stanley. A the Falkland Islands with life where you hope gradually to freeze on construction of the anyone. They are British. attract more people and more airport was one of Die mai business to the Falklands You, the people, have a right conditions laid down by resi­ Islands.” dent Raul Alfoflsin. the to determine your own future. Argentine leader, for resump. That is not negotiable. So you Mrs Thatcher said she and normal relations can look forward to the new ^er family would never forget tion of year knowing that is absolutely “the tremendous warmth of i between 'Britain and Argentina. Mrs Thatcher said: “ There is all right._ ” welcome” she had experienced : a great future to look forwaid Describing the islands’ future during her visit to the Falklands 1 c to. We are trying to do every­ as great, Mrs Thatcher added: last January. thing we can to build that new rebuild the l structure ' 0/° the Falkland t Islands ” The aim was to give the voung people a chance to the traditional life hi build on , , a life

part of the same McMiUan-Scott Associates Public Affairs Gradually it was hoped to i attract more people and 41 Whitehall London SWlA 2BZ Telephone: business to the islands.

i*-v GUARDIAN

24.12.83

Sovereignty not negotiable, islanders told

Thatcher' ends

speculation of

Cn alklands deal and Downing Street officials the ^ Government’s foreign By Colin Brown, Political Staff sought M speculation SlS"* “

that hkrnf?aVne\vmagreernerit However, Mrs Thatcher’s jomatic^inks with Argentina be seeking a new agreement message t0 president Alfonsin by tbe Foreign Office. with Argentina over the coincided with a report that he M Thatcher recalled her Falkland Islands by bluntly was ready to break the dead- . -t tQ the Falklands with her reassuring the islanders in a ]0ck in diplomatic relations busband Denis in January in Christmas message that their which had existed between the her message t0 the islanders sovereignty was not nego- two countries since the Faik- bhe added: “There is a tiable * lands war by offermg a lease_ great future to look forward She said in an interview for to. We’re trying to do every­ thing we can to build that new .to rebuild the b%ass"t.ss r-~% .. of the Falkland ss«srvs : ;—>a„„„ of the islands was “ absolutely 1 people a chance to know that all right.” back deal to Britain for the they have the kind of life She said: “ I want to make sjancjs _ the same proposal which they can build and one thing very clear to you. I am ssed by the Foreign which has become traditional not negotiating the sovereignty *a™^ea ^ected by Parlia- in the Falkland Islands - a of the Falkland Islands with Office before the invasion. life of effort, a life of where r anyone. They are British. You, ®ent betorie me mvas * you’re all part of the same the people, have a right to de- The Falklands official ep - community . . . where you termine your own future. That sentative in London, Mr h gradually to attract more is™t Negotiable.” Adrian was astomshed and ^ore business to Mrs Thatcher was clearly dayina hid dropped its demand the Falkland Islands, worried that her message of ^ a formal ceaSefire declare- Mrs Thatcher told the congratulations to President , Argentina. islanders that she would be Alfonsin on his maugur,alion . . sir Hex Hunt the reading the lesson m her local earlier this month as the first for’ th* church on Christmas morning elected ruler of Argentina for nC,0I?^lnsdJ)nseaid on Tues- which she felt would have eight years bad been into J^^Vort Stinley that the special significance for them, iJ preted as a “Knal Jat Bntam ay Qf a thaw between Bri. «it will be the famous one was ready to nejgjg* d*b0 ,tafn and Argentina had been from St Luke’s, Chapter two ij the future of the Falklanas. greatly exaggerated im- ‘ There were shepherds abiding The Foreign Secretary Sm *v 8 M£s at Westminster in the fields keeping watch Geoffrey Howe, also sought t Pemained convinced that there over their flocks by night , wasPeNnrcePmoreth0n the agendl had been a noticeable shift m she said. i r ; .' . { t

McMillan-Scott Associates Pubkc Affairs

41 Whitehall London SW1A2&Z Telephone I /

i i_.—_ .r-;- ! FALKLANDS MakingVnew start with a ready market By MARGARET DAVIDSON THIS WINTER, as you wonder whether to expand your business or call in the receivers, can I add a further suggestion to your list of possibilities. Hoi abom \ horticulture ,n the Falkland Islands? Alter last year s activities in the South Atlantic I can dispense with a geography i' !

i i Make no mistake about it. I don't beheve there is a long-term future in the : “-^S Tha,tcher can'‘ last for ever, out, in the short term, say five to ten J years, well-planned work and investment could yield a lot of money. 'U The Falkland Islands Government is receiving embarrassingiy large amounts of development aid. There has been a lone and sorry history of ill-thought-out and poorly-executed development projects in \ the Falklands, and a series of depressing failures. The Government in Stanley is desperate for some success in the next 12 i months, or there will be embarrassing Crops growing in a small plot 2 or> a west Falkland farm. Note the shelTer fro questions asked in Parliament and redun­ (tussock), also the m a native grass dancies in the development office at exposed mountainside behind the house. 5 -1 Supply is also difficult - remember that f \ you are 8,000 miles away from your S good deal of financial aidP keeD sP^sent and’as'nost people there I Growing conditions in the Islands are ^ ir own seed, it is likely to suppliers. Civilian cargo arrives on a j better than you probably think The P,ven shelter soft fruits grow chartered vessel four times a vear, and l climate is by no means as bad as the press and^absence oTbee^ ! ' fpersistent winds freight rates are high and rising. i makes out. The summers are cool and dry, a non starter f b P frU,t SGemS t0 be •vvi C br,lgfhte,st ,sP°t is your market. When we left the islands in July there was with long hours of sunshine, and the Initial difficult^* will i a no one selling fresh fruit and vegetables ; UK TWf?“1% Ihan m°,S! par,S of ,he ,i0n and problems^of s‘pk Sdk There are more than 1,000 civilians in i UK^The d^hcuh factor to deal with is the difficult to buy and tends nmL. 1 Stanley, over 4,000 military personnel and ' Wi" ^ 3 C°Stly bU‘ vou’ea*" »f an estimated 2,000 or so contract workers arriving to build the new air-strip That’s Root vegetables and brassicas do well vou are a’"seriousTArteTii" mnv without counting people on the farms j o there, and disease levels are low. I have help to find a suitable she*. V WC i outside Stanley and on the visiting ships. 1 Some final points: ©think big. People in the Islands have ! seen a steady stream of idealists, v| o talk J about such things as living n their Round carrots preferred poivthene tunnels until they get goinn- ACCORDING to a Campden PFRA round types such ns P-irioVn™ m i © don t be put off by civil servants. If vou KSSteS "^Cj/ass^acks arc mod'more common are serious, push hard for a trip out there You can be to Stanley and back within a most processed svhole and a lesser |y in Europe - 410 of mol Ilnn.m0n' week, courtesy of the RAF; quantity sliced. Diced carrots are used packed in Pglass in 1 lolland I 5^ ^ © think hard about the social set-up there' m soups and vegetable macedoines. West Germany HO R^- % lI] Root diameter for whole carrots 5*“ pffiil' A small defensive, local population; a grossing, highly-paid ex-patriot commun- ieiSSti!r{o v fnayr aHd Da?‘ are grad^d by root d'iimeter and each ity; a very high ratio of males to females vers) is 19 to 32mm; for sliced carrots country has its osvn size grades and and few amenities. But the countryside and (Nantes. Berhcum and Autumn King) label designations b and svildlife are svonderful. \ 32 to 44mm; and for diced carrots In Holland these arc- <10 Fine/ If the prospects are that good why did (Berhcum and Autumn King) 45 to Miniature, <17 Extra Fine France and Belgium Fine, 18-23 Fine: and France 8-14 a • >U ?IC 'scri()l,sly interested, write to me long, cylindrical Amsterdam types Extra Fine, 8-17 Verv Fine 8-?0 Fin^ The Falkla"d Islands i are used, while in West Germany 8-23 Carrots. Office 29 Tufton St, London SWI, tele­ phone 01-222 2542; or the Development Officer, Stanley, Falkland Islands □

December 22, 1983, GROWER 19

... daily telegraph GUARDIAN 21.12.83 21.12.83

I RUN into an old sea dog of top notch pedigree who has been talking to even more top-notch sea dogs while put­ Anglo-Argentine ting together yet another book on the Falklands War. His version of the sinking of the Belgrano runs as follows: it was the Argentine aircraft thaw discounted carrier Veinticinco de Mayo, which really caused John Nott to break out in sweat and read a few more chapters of Trollope before lights out. Around the criti­ by Sir Rex cal time •— at the end of April/beginning of May — By ALAPi COPPS in Port Stanley Northwood lost all trace of Veinticinco de Mayo due to gIGNS of a thaw between Britain plenty of fog being in the and neighbourhood. The more Argentina have been given greatly they woiTied about the car­ rier the more determined exaggerated importance, said Sir Rex Hunt, they became to sink the Bel- Civil Commissioner grano to throw the Argies’ that these islands have never naval operation into disarray. for the Falkland been theirs. But to admit to this ■ and “ It is no hurt to them if my sea dog says this comes Islands. the Falklands remain British, straight from the sea dog’s mouth — would be to admit The exchange of mes­ no more than a hurt to France if the Channel Islands stay the ropiness of the Royal sages between President British.” said Sir Rex. Navy’s radar and sonar equipment capability. So the Alfonsin and Mrs Thatcher Hope for future denials will continue and so was “ perfectly innocuous,” The messages from Mrs will the mystery of the B.el- he said. Thatcher and Senor Alfonsin grano. “It doesn’t change our both acknowledged the deep policy in any way.” differences between the two „ T. c • countries, but at the same time It was a perfectly innocu- spoke of hope for the future, ous message from the Prime cir t»„v h.r Minister, who has been called nnf , tfie nf f Vuh -d Wildlife in Falklands upon to be magnanimous in ^ fee aD> talks ln From Sir PETER SCOTT victory, and was responding to nc near 1 Iur SIR—The new Falklands airport (report. that call. His view was that until Dec. 19) is one of many development “ Our policy remains that we Argentina renounced its claim projects likely to be started in the want to normalise relations with to sovereignty, there was noth­ islands over the next few years. Argentina but we are not go­ ing to talk about. These vary from salmon ranching to ing to negotiate on the “ The Falkland Islanders, agricultural expansion to exploiting the sovereignty of the Falkland after what happened, don’t rich fish stocks in coastal waters. Islands,” he said. want to see another Argentine. Development is to be welcomed but “ Until 1971 the Falklands got great care must be taken to ensure Islanders anxious on very well without any con- that it is sustainable and docs not jeopardise the unique Falklands’ envi­ Sir Rex. was reflecting an nection with Buenos Aires. Sup- ronment. Fishing must be limited to anxiety expressed by many plies came out by ship from a level which guarantees healthy stock Islanders at the way in which Britain and there was a for future generations of islanders anc! reports from Britain had sug- monthly ship to Montevideo, safeguards the. food supply of the gested the exchange of mess- “ I would very much like to penguins, albatrosses and other sea ages could herald a break- see better relations with other birds. through leading to new talks South American countries like Over-grazing must be prevented, between the two governments. Uruguay and Chile. We have particularly on the Tussock islands, “What a lot of people don’t Quite a few Chileans in the. which provide breeding grounds for understand, not only in London Islands and even a few Arge.n- some of the most spectacular sea bird but also at the United Nations tines who are now British by colonies in the world and could stimu­ and elsewhere, is that when the marriage,” said Sir Rex. late valuable tourist revenue in the Argentines talk about negotia- He said he believed the mili- future. tions, they mean the transfer of tary presence, which at present The Falkland Islands’ Foundation, a sovereignty. outnumbers the 1,800 islanders charitable organisation which I helped “There is no sign that they by at least 2-1, would.be sub- to form in 1979, has already helped have changed their minds about stantially reduced when the new engineers building the new airport to their claim to the islands. airport at Mount Pleasant bc- protect a nearby penguin colony from “There is no middle way. no came operational in 1985, allow- disturbance. We are now planning to middle ground,” said Sir Rex ing for rapid reinforcement of establish a data base of all the principal in an interview in Port Stanley’s the garrison, wildlife resources in the Falklands, so refurbished Government House The economy would be helped that we are in a position to advise anv where he was forced to surren- if the population of the islands future development operation on how to der after the Argentine inva- increased to about 2,500, and minimise environmental damage. sion in April last year. he expected that eventually the We need an initial £100.000 for this “Alfonsin sounds an intelli- garrison would settle down to work and have launched an appeal. If gent and upright man. He had something like the same figure, anv of your readers would be interested the courage to oppose the inva­ in helping us, they should make contact Population rise with me. sion at the time and has since PETER SCOTT called it * an illegitimate act by “We have had to discourage Chairman, Falkland Islands’ Foundation, an illegal government \ immigration so far because we c/o World Wildlife Fund, “ But he added * in a just haven’t got any houses for new Panda House. 11-15, Oekford Road, cause’ and that is not accept- people.” Godaiming, Surrey GU7 1QU. able to the Islanders. Since the liberation, however. “ We have to be steadfast and there had been a net increase resolute to show him that we in the population for the first McMillan-Scott Associates Public Affairs do not consider that cause just, time since 1945. A total of 28 - “I would hone that in time Islanders had returned from 41 Whitehall LondonSW1A2BZ Telephone;01-9J0M35 the Argentine Government will overseas and 41 outsiders had mature and come to understand come to settle. Daily Mail 21.12.83

<2tot fit® p®8iap please—thiaak

of ®E?Ifmiss’s slreumstances offices in it. The ambassador to THE Foreign Office is being Brazil uses his palatial old give a very bad impression as urged to be less lavish with embassy in Rio as a pieda terre the house was ‘accepted for a home comforts for diplomats lone time as the outward and away from his new home in visible sign of the British pre­ abroad. Brazilia. MPs on the influential Corn- In Nairobi, the High Commis­ sence.’ mons public Accounts, . Com.. ­ sion residence is half as large The Foreign Office also told mittee have been looking at the again as it ought to be, and in the committee that there would style to which our envoys are ac­ Singapore, 65 per cent, bigger be ‘a very considerable ripple’ if customed ar,d said yesterday than the rules allow. Britain was to break the tradi­ that there must bo more em­ Economies in Singapore were tion of occupying very large phasis on cost effectiveness and first proposed in 1973. But in houses in cities such as Paris, less on ‘prestige and tradition. December 1982, the Foreign Office Washington or Rome. In Vienna, for instance the still wanted the decision post­ A Government reply will be Embassy garden is so large that poned. published next year. the Government wants to build Frank Johnson in the Commons

Despair hangs over THE TIMES 20.12.83 the Chamber rMr Joh Biffen, the Leader of But Mr Biffen’s revelation the House, was being ques­ had made us all smile. And tioned yesterday by the smiles were welcome during Labour back bencher, Mr Tam this particular question time. Dalyell, about leaked secret For we all knew what was Whitehall documents when he coming. And what was coming suddenly made a disclosure was the statement by Mr Leon about Mr Dalyell. Brittan, the Home Secretary. “As to secrets, I think the These statements after House should note that many terrible events tells us little years ago I sponsored the hon that we do not know already, member to be chairman of the Mr Brittan described the Cambridge University Con- events at Harrods once again, servative Association”, Mr He paid his respects, and Biffen observed, in that vowed that the terrorists amiable way of his. Mr Dalyell would not profit from this is that tall, slightly wild-eyed, deed. Mr Gerald Kaufman, plummy-voiced Scot of gentle the chief Opposition spokes- birth and good English edu- man on home affairs, shared cation who is interested in all those sentiments on behalf of known conspiracies. his party. Mr Brittan answered n On the subject for example, questions from all sides. A of why we sank the Argentine certain despair hung over the warship, General Belgrano, he chamber, has shaken off all vestiges of This is the despair of people his Conservative past and is who do not know what to do an ordinary, respectable ex- next. As such it affects a tremist. The fact that he was majority on both sides of the once a Conservative has long chamber, but not the min- bcen well known. It has always orities in the House who been ascribed to youthful low believe they do know what to ! spirits. do. His membership of the These include those on the party has also to be seen in the Labour left who believe that context of the Cambridge of the answer is to move towards the early 1950s: that despair- a united Ireland, though in ing era when young idealists some indefined way that does believed that, with the seem- not bring on the massacre of ingly unstoppable rise of R. A. the very Catholics whose Butler, conservatism offered cause they espouse, the only hope of a seat in There are also the Union- Parliament. ists, including Mr Enoch What is new about the Powell; some Tories; Dr Ian Biffen testimony however, is Paisley. For them the answer the revelation of how signifi- is greater “security.” But that cant Dalyell was within the too is never wholly defined. Conservative apparatus set up But the majority yesterday in Cambridge during those betrayed no such certitude. In morally confused times. It all the questioning only a few now appears that Mr Dalyell lingered in the memory. Mr was a much more important John Hume, of The Social agent than has hitherto been Democratic and Labour Party, supposed. He was in the social said that as an Irishman he circle of the young Mr BifTen, • was ashamed and that, if those and he was sufficiently power- who planted that bomb were ful to be nominated for the Irish patriots, “then God save Cambridge University Con- Ireland.” servative Association chair­ The Conservative, Mr Ivan manship itself. Lawrence, said the Govern­ No doubt his defence is ment should ensure that the that, like no many other Old details of the crime “receives Etonians who in later life the widest possible circulation become socialists or progress­ in the United Stales.” ives of one kind or another, he What was missing from Mr became more extreme once he Brittan and from Mr James faced up to the responsibilities Prior, is a sense that the of a career. Government knows how to But it all left a lot of wage the undaunted fight questions unaswered. At what against terrorism which these point did he leave the party? ministers promise. Their strat- To what extent is he still egy at the moment seems to be sympathetic to the bourgeois that the British should carry ideology with which the party on shopping. The Blitz has indoctrinated him? There are been evoked. But in the Blitz grounds for an independent ] our leaders sought allies and inquiry. —J devised offensives.

McMillan-Scott Associates Public Affairs 41 Whitehall LondonSWlA 2BZ Telephone:01-9306935 r, i DAILY Falkland troops stick TELEGRAPH 20.12.83 to islanders5 motto

By ALAN COPPS in Port Stanley is a saying- that It extends far bevond girlie n Falkland islanders pictures and photographs of the work in the summer and family, although these are survive through the winter, always in evidence. The same is largely true of .“ This was done by the pre- the British garrison for whom yious squadron but we’ll finish Christmas is a brief inter- it: off- gives it a homely cot- ruption in a peiod of feverish ta?e look. That’s the wav it is activity. The priority is to make here, you’re always working for yourself comfortable before the thc next unit in,” said Cpl bad weather begins. Thomas. But while conditions have The pantomime and party improved out of recognition scason is in full swing in Stanley since the liberation forces and yesterday’s air-bridge flight pitched their tents in a sea of froni Ascension Island was mud and snow 18 months ago. expected to bring in the Christ- commanders readily admit T35 concert party from Com- that there is a lot more work hined Services Entertainment, to be done. The variety shows provide a The variety of accommoda- welcome relief from work and tion in which the trooos now Vlde0 viewing although like live is matched onlv by thc everything else they are the ingenuity of their efforts to add butt of faces’ direct humour, a homely touch to Christmas. 0ne of the biggest advances in Cpl Phil Thomas, of 16 acconjmodation for troops is the Squadron RAF Ren will usc,of thr?e hu*e float,ns hotels soend Christmas day in thc mad® , ,car*° containers Tudor-style dug-out next to a m °" baJ^s-,. . „ Rapier missile site ,l somewhere nr^nh°_'", a?, coaste!Is, they around Stanley airfield” in the ar,c based °nra design used m still careful -words of the ^fields and^ lme the shore be- Ministry of Defence. tween t,1e a,rP°rt and Stanley. There is no room for a tree Each bas for up- to .90° in these crannied quarters m?n an.d th!r€,,s L'-ttle shared between eight men. most pnvac-v ln the four-bunk cabins, on their second four-month tour ^ie .mess rooms and bars are in the Falklands, so Cpl Thomas spac,ous and wel1 equipped with and his men have painted one vldeos and other entertain- on the wall. Paper chains fes- ments- ln the huge hulls of toon the ceiling. these floating barracks there is The dug-out is in fact a pre- f?r squash COUTts and 3 fabricated cabin planted iS a gySrnAS'2m\ r M deep hole on a hillside below • Pau ^ritchley, a cater- the Rapier battery. The whole irls l?StruUCtoLf*°m. Ald

McMillan-Scott Associates Public Affairs 41 Whitehall London SW1A2BZ Telephone: 01*930 6035 *

The Standard 20.12.83

■ THE TIMES 19.12.83

Falklands i Hong Kong, Th • • t , Courier Depot operated by the and BFPO 666 is the Falkland tivhy since ear,y ,ast year has Royal Engineers at Mill Hill, s . predicatbly enough, been to the north London, on behalt ol all There are about 80 of these Falklands and to the British three services. All mail, both tor more 0r less permanent BFPO contingent of the multinational British servicemen abroad and ]ocatjons But in addition short- peace force in the Lebanon. f" ^vpLaw.si’ni^the term BFPO numbers are eslab- The Mill Hill depot handles Hndsh Forces Pisr Oir.ce llshed for temPoraT deploy- about 1.5 tons of letters and sy m. passes hrough the Mill menls' •««“ Pa*CtS a day going to the Hill depot. Mail addressd to HMS Falkland, by air and about a ton The name of the serviceman. Invincible, BFPO Ships, or to of parcels going by sea. or woman, his unit and a BFPO any other named naval vessel, is The biggest single destination number is all that is required by sent to Mill Hill, where it is for forces post is the British way 1of address for some of the dispatched to intersect with the Army of the Rhine, which is most remote spots on earth. ship’s next port of call. served l»y more than 40 BFPOs.

McMillan-Scott Associates Public Adairs

-11 Whitehall l-ondon SWlA 2IJZ Telephone. Ol-'J.tOhTfi DAILY 250 land to THE TIMES telegraph 19.12.83 19.12.83 start work

on airport Alfonsin aims to get By ALAN COPPS at Mount Pleasant, Falklands clear of recession More than 250 men Buenos Aires (Reuter) - ting unnecessary state spending, arrived in the Falk- Argentina’s new President, including the defence budget. iands by sea at the week­ Senor Alfonsin, outlining his He also said his Government end to begin work on the Government’s plans for econ- would demand improved con- £215 million new airport— omic growth, has announced a ditions for rescheduling Argen- a military necessity and an package of economic and social tina’s $40bn (£28bn) foreign economic lifeline for the legislation to be sent to debt in 1984, including lower islands. congress. interest rates and longer terms The suggestion by President' He said in a televised address for repayment, Alfonsin. Argentina’s new cili- 1 that the Government was . Argentina’s ability to pay off lian leader, should be frozen . aiming for five per cent its debt in the long term as a prelude to peace talks is i economic growth next year to depended on a recovery in the brushed aside by those con­ lift Argentina out of its re- world economy which would cerncd. cession. It also aimed to slash allow increased exports and a The main runwav. 8.500 feet the budget deficit to four per larger trade surplus, he said. long, is capable of taking wide- cent gross domestic product The Government has also bodied commercial aircraft or from 14 per cent this year, he ordered a 1,000 peso (£34) fast •military jets and is due to said. ■ — ■ open in April 1985, two years Senor Alfonsin was sworn in after its creation was agreed. just over a week ago after his Mystery men Already, _ a five-mile access Reformist Radical Party won road from the sea has been completed to carry contractors' elections which returned Argen­ flee Argentina plant and work is well advanced tina to democracy after nearly Buenos Aires (AFP) - Ten on improving the 50-mile road, eight years of military rule. unidentified people have left now little more than a track, The Bill was likely to Argentina secretly in an air which connects the site at encounter stiff resistance from force jet, the Argentine news Mount Pleasant to Port Stan- the opposition Peronist Party, ley. agency reported yesterday, rais­ which for the last 40 years has ing the possibility that they may Mr Maurice Chammings, controlled Argentina’s powerful be members of past military construction manager for the trade union movement. juntas. Property Services Agency, The president also an­ which controls the project said: Airport workers said they left nounced draft legislation to last Monday in a military “I don’t think anyone has establish a minimum salary to ever been asked to build some­ Boeing 707 for the Canary be adusted automatically with Islands without clearing cus­ thing like this so quickly.” But the cost of living and a national he expected to be on time. toms. Much of their luggage food programme to distribute consisted of documents. Local complaints basic foodstuffs to needy famil- les. increase in all monthly salaries At its peak the project will Other Bills include tax employ 1.500 men. more than to compensate for inflation three-quarters of the islands’ reform aimed at increasing The rise effectively increases total population, but none of direct taxes . ..on income. and the minimum wage by 56 per them will be recruited locally. property, while reducing in- t to 2,800 pesos per month, This has caused local com­ direct taxes on consumption. But trade K unionH leaders plaints as the imported labour Senor Alfonsin said the key expressed disappointment with will earn many times the com­ to economic recovery was to the increase, saying it did not munity’s usual pay rate of reduce and eventually eliminate adequately compensate for about £1-40 an hour. the budget deficit by increasing Argentina’s 400 per cent Some locals would obviously government revenue and cut- inflation rate. like to benefit from the tem­ porary construction boom. But it is understood the Ministry of Defence feared too many would be attracted away from the farms. Mr Chammings' office is the captain’s cabin of the 14-000- ton freighter Merchant Provi­ dence which arrived with an advance party of 100 men in October. The vessel will now | serve as a jetty for the dura-1 fcion of the work. The former North Sea ferry England wall shuttle between the Falklands and South Africa, which will be used as a staging post for men and equip­ ment. The men will work 12 hours a day, six days a week. The construction consortium of Laing, Mowlem and Amey Roadstone is relying on experi­ enced labour so the project has created few new jobs. Group Captain Danny Laven­ der, Air Commander Falklands, commented : “ The airfield is primarily designed for military purposes, to take fast jets and McMillan-Scott Associates Public Affairs large transports for rapid rein­ forcement of the garrison.” ■11 Whitehall London SWlA 2 HZ Telephone Ol-q.UMi'M.S S.7a£G£AN NM CHRISTMAS: THE ULTIMATE ESCAPE \8' i%. B3

HEADING FOR THE ICE FIELDS l Would you like to spend the Antarctic winter in a tent? The Joint Services Expedition to Brabant Island set off yesterday. Andro Linklater meets the men taking part In 1774 Captain James Cook sailed next hurdle, the Joint Services south in search of a legendary Expedition Trust, which would de­ continent which until then had cide whether he could use Services appeared at the foot of the atlas as a equipment. vague shape labelled Terra Incognita. “We’ve heard about you, Furse”, In the furthest reaches of the an admiral remarked when he Southern Ocean he found a land arrived. “I suppose this means more which, he wrote, was “doomed by bloody rucksacks”. Nature to lie buried under ever­ As the Services officially en­ lasting snow and ice”. That in­ courage exploration, both as adven­ hospitable place was the Antarctic. ture training and to encourage Other explorers followed him there, recruiting, the Trust gave him the among them James Ross, Ernest go-ahead, but only for a brief, summer expedition. Furse was not I Shackleton and, more recently, an Fuchs. deterred. nanks to their work it is no “Sir Vivian Fuchs gave me a piece longer unknown territory, The of invaluable advice”, he observed. coastline and mountain ranges have “ ‘Always keep all your options been mapped, scientists have filled open’, he said, ‘and if you meet in many of the details of its geology One of the most remote places on earth, Brabant Island has mountain ranges resistance, advance on all fronts and and ecology, and there are now covered with ice and snow. Winds there often exceed hurricane force 12 envelope them - eventually they'll semi-permanent bases there, with give in' ”. Accordingly he set about picking scientists carrying out further ex­ is known about it. The island team of ten men for the Antarctic a team and assembling supplies for a ploration and research. remains one of the last unexplored winter and, finally, if funds can be year-long expedition. It was fortun­ But the everlasting snow and ice places on the globe, and this is its found-and the expedition is still ate that he did so. In February 1982 ensure that many blank spaces great - some would say its only - looking for £20,000 for this phase- he arranged for HMS Endurance to remain where no one has yet set attraction. a third team will start work in put 15 tons of provisions ashore at foot. To those with a taste for “There doesn’t really have to be November 1984. Only then will Port Palmer on Anvers Island, the adventure they present an irresistible another reason for going there”, Furse himself return to England. nearest base to Brabant. Four weeks attraction. said 32-year-old Captain Nick Evans Thus, unlike his two previous visits later the Argentine invasion of the “I think adventurousness is more of the Prince of Wales' Own Regi- both to Elephant Island for the four Falklands would have made it than a wish to escape routine”, says ment, one of four soldiers on the summer months, he will spend impossible for a supply dump to be Commander Chris Furse, who is team. “The urge to explore has almost a year in perpetual snow with established later. about to lead a team of servicemen always been one of the fundamental only a tent for shelter. Almost 100 people applied to join in the Antarctic. “It’s closer to a driving forces in the history of man­ “In Norway the Marines are able kind, and so far as I am concerned to operate from tents in similar the expedition, and in selecting his powerful curiosity about what's team Furse looked for two contra­ happening around you and what's what attracts me is the chance to conditions”, he said laconically. dictory qualities. “Obviously these '^^ening over the horizon”. stand where no one else has stood”. “I'll just be doing it a little longer”. people are going to have a more ^^iat urge has already taken him In one way or another this view is Tall, powerfully built, with a shared by most members of the boxer’s broken nose, Furse belongs individualistic streak than usual”, twice to the Antarctic, but the Joint he said. “But they have to be able to Services Expedition to Brabant expedition. It is, for instance, the to that family of ruthless romantics prospect of unclimbed mountains who make their dreams come true. fit into the community. In any group Island, which he has organised, is there is a core of three or four who likely to prove a more challenging which excites Sergeant John Kim- It was in August 1980 that Furse set the pace, but they have to be test brey, an ebullient, red-haired Marine initially approached the British than any so far. ready to drop back if necessary and The team’s destination is an island who, at 28, is the team’s most Antarctic Survey (BAS), the gov­ the others have to be able to rise 40 miles long, lying west of the experienced climber. “To actually ernment body responsible for ad­ Antarctic peninsula: a long finger of see a gully 500ft high, all ice, and no ministering British interests in the above themselves”. land pointing towards the tip of one’s set foot on it. .. I’ll be bloody area, with the idea of setting up an Although a civilian geologist was picked, character counted for more South America, described as “the itching to get up it”, expedition. than scientific expertise, and this second largest island in the Palmer But for Chris Furse, the reasons Brabant Island was the suggestion entailed some hasty training in the Archipelago”. Photographs taken go rather deeper. “I love the of Dr Richard Laws, Director of the gathering and preservation of speci­ from passing ships show that the Antarctic - it’s as simple as that”, BAS. “It hadn’t been studied be­ mens. One person who selected mountains which occupy its entire he says. “There’s total isolation, cause of the difficulty of access”, he himself was a 22-year-old Belgian surface are covered in ice and snow, just mountains, birds and ice, explained. “There are high cliffs and soldier, Francois Gerlache, grand­ and aerial surveys have established everything I love most”. glaciers coming down to sea level. son of the discoverer of Brabant that its highest point, Mount Parry, A naval engineer officer based at In geological terms it would be Island. is 8,276ft above sea level. A Belgian Chatham, Furse is married with two useful to have information about the Having chosen his team, Furse’s expedition under Adrien de Ger­ children, but at the age of 47 he is island, and a British expedition advance continued, aided by the lache discovered it in 1898, but about to undertake a project which would be particularly appropriate since then only two parties have would daunt a man half his age. The since 95 per cent, of our knowledge patronage of the Prince of Wales landed there, both briefly. Apart nine-man team which yesterday about the geology of the Antarctic and the approval of the Royal from having one of the most hostile started out from Heathrow Airport peninsula has been contributed by Geographical Society, and in July climates on earth, with frequent on its journey south will stay on the British”. 1982 the Fuchsian strategy paid off hurricanes and winter temperatures Brabant Island until April 1984, With the cautious blessing of the when permission was finally given falling to minus 40°C, nothing more when it will be replaced by another BAS, Furse could then turn to the for the expedition to continue I TELEGRAPH SUNDAY MAGAZINE 31 v ■ -1* ' 1 f* V * * *>■» «» t % trough th^winter. Th& Trust had In these circumstances one mis­ every reason 'tb' be* dubious, for take could be disastrous and, as Dr ) *T^sder of the expedition, had been is too long for him to be away. On washing is discouraged because about £50,000, raised by sponsor- no one has ever attempted to Haydn Ellis of the Psychology THOUGHT FOR FOOD on expeditions to Greenland; others the other hand I couldn’t stop him. dirty faces and hands are less ship and donations, including those survive the rigours of an Antarctic Department at Aberdeen University C like Surgeon-Lieutenant Howard even if I wanted to”. vulnerable to cold. of the expedition’s members, each winter with only tents for pro­ explains, the likelihood of such Stuffing the turkey Here are some Oakley, 29, a specialist in survival Once on the island, the team will Except on days when the weather of whom puts 25 per cent, of his pay tection. Winds which errors is greatly increased in extreme can tear ideas for different stuffings. Mush­ medicine, had the relevant expertise; split into two parties, one in the is so bad that they have to stay in into the kitty. canvas to shreds, and tempera- temperatures. and almost half of them had some room: Finely chop Hb mushrooms south, the. other at the base camp their tents - “festering” as it is Although the training in Wester hires low enough to cause death “The cold produces two re­ climbing experience. Otherwise they and turn in 6oz butter. Season with a half-way up the east coast. Their delicately put - the pattern of activi- Ross was not physically arduous, from hypothermia within minutes actions”, he pointed out. “Physically might have been 16 ordinary service- copious grinding of freshly-ground activities will involve a mixture of ties will include mapping, gathering the fortnight together was vitally pepper and a little sea salt. With your will be constant threats, but there the discomfort and shivering distract men and two normal civilians- science and mountaineering, in the lichen and rock samples, taking important if a sufficiently streng hand loosen the skin over the crop will also be less predictable hazards your attention, but there is also an except, that is, for their attitude to course of which they hope to make counts of birds and eggs, measuring sense of community was to be such as avalanches and ice-falls. alteration in the brain state, which end of the bird and spread the mush­ the ordeal ahead. the first ascent of Mount Parry. stuffing between the skin and tides, and identifying the food established. From the start the signs Some of the team’s tent sites will is a biological adaptation directed room “You’re going to be under stress”, “l don’t want half the team the breast. Old English: Mince (or sources of seals and penguins. In were encouraging. Like members of be on the rocky shore, the only place towards escaping from the predica­ said Corporal Jon Beattie, aged 24, food process) 8oz each of veal, lean climbing mountains while the others addition there will be psychological an exclusive club, there was an a quietly spoken, rather reflective where there is no snow - but where ment you are in. It makes it difficult pork and mix with 8oz sausage meat. axe 'ologising down below”, Furse experiments for Dr Ellis, and immediate aase about their attitude they may be crushed by elephant to concentrate properly on the task Melt 2oz butter in a pan and in this member of the RAF Mountain insisted. “Each of us is responsible Howard Oakley will conduct re­ to one another. Out on the hill and seals weighing up to four tons, or in front of you”. He paused then sweat l Spanish onion until trans- Rescue Team at Lossiemouth. for some aspect of the scientific search on the relationship between in the pub inter-service rivalry bred inundated by tidal surges caused by added feelingly, “From what I hear lucent. Now stir in the minced meat “You’re going to have to push work”. skin temperature and calorie intake, jokes rather than divisions - “Be glaciers breaking off into the sea. they are going to be very cold and 2 slices of bread (first soaked in yourself and make good decisions A small hut will be available for “I hope that during the winter we careful”, a Marine gasped to the These dangers, threatening enough indeed - my God, I wouldn't do it”. CHRISTMAS FAVOURITES Three milk, then squeezed dry) plus a good when you’re tired and cold. It’s a laboratory work and as a communal shall be very cold”, he said, his eyes airman loading him up with climb- handful of finely chopped parsley, 2 in daylight, must also be expected Nor would most people, and at days before Christmas we all trooped chance to find out about yourself”. centre, but otherwise the two-man gleaming with enthusiasm above his ing gear, “an ounce of Marine sweat crumbled leaves of sage and the leaves during the weeks of endless mid­ first it was difficult to see what to the butchers. Uncle Edmund’s face Despite the experience of similar tents are where they will live, cook­ black beard. “Then I shall be able to is worth more than an ounce of lit up at the sight of the goose ordered picked from a sprig of thyme. Chop winter night. made the members of the expedition conditions in Norway, 25-year-old ing their compo ration - 5,000 cal­ get some most interesting data”. Chanel Number Five”. forhimespecially. It would sit proudly the turkey liver and stir this in too The summer team will obviously any different. When they gathered Dr Jonathan Morris, one of the two ories a day - on spirit stoves, The scientific equipment has had alongside the turkey on Christmas with 3fl.oz burgundy. Season. Let Considering what lay ahead it together for the first time last civilians (the other, Michael Ringe, reading and playing games. It leaves experience easier conditions, but it Day. The pheasants and wild ducks cool and finally bind with a beaten to be added to the huge list of boded well. Piloting the inflatable is a geologist), expressed a mood faces what may be the most de­ August to meet each other and train were parcelled up along with strings of egg. Stuff the crop end with little room for luxury: wet clothes, essentials, from Skiddoos to soup, which will soon be carrying them manding test of all: if the weather is among the mountains and islands sausages, a side of sweet-cured bacon mixture. Middle Eastern: This Le^P *;r to eager anticipation than for example, must be dried by being which an Antarctic expedition re­ through the icy waves, Jon Beattie clear during the first ten days of of Wester Ross in Scotland, there and ham for boiling. “Now", said anese salad makes a sensationally ehension. “Now is the time to worn inside a sleeping bag and quires. The cost so far has been looked up at the shimmering green January, the 15 tons of stores at appeared to be no obvious dis­ Grandmama, “we need only collect different stuffing for Christmas turkey. do it”, he exclaimed. “I can spend and blue hills of Wester Ross. “I Port Palmer can be taken to Brabant tinguishing characteristic about the the lobsters and oysters tomorrow Drain 7oz burghul (cracked wheat) my next 50 years in the UK, but keep trying to imagine them all which has been soaked in cold water by helicopter; if not, they must be group which ranged in age from and, then, the vegetables; then we are there might never be another white”, he said. Soon the snow and for 30mins. Squeeze out the moisture TRAVELLERS' TALES transported by Skiddoo and sledge early twenties to late forties; in size right for Christmas”. The kitchen chance to go to the Antarctic”. the storms, as well as the beauty by wringing it in a cloth. Place in a Dream holidays in faraway places are to report is Lee Langley, who went on vibrated with the baking of breads, On the whole it is a more daunting and the solitude, will be utterly real. across 65 miles of glacier and moun­ from towering to diminutive; and in bowl and mix with it 3oz finely- featured in an exotic series starting in shortbreads and mince pies. The prospect for the wives. About half a guided tour of Peru. In common tain on Anvers Island, then in open temperament from restrained to chopped Spanish onion, 3oz finely- our next issue on January 8 1984. with other national Sunday news­ Perhaps that is what impels adven­ mince pies were made with a short- the team are married and Faye inflatables across 22 miles of open theatrical. crust base and a puff pastry top. chopped parsley and l tblspn finely- Laurie Lee goes to Penang, P. J. papers, the Telegraph Sunday turers to look over the next horizon seas subject to ice-floes and sudden Some, like Flight-Lieutenant Bill (“Gives you the best of both worlds chopped-mint. Add 2 heaped tblspns Furse's reaction was typical when Kavanagh cruises the Nile and Fred­ Magazine will not be published on - whatever is happening there will storms. Hankinson, the 31-year-old Deputy that way”, said Grandmama as she each of finely-chopped tomato flesh, she said, “I am happy about it for erick Raphael discovers Turkey. First Christmas Day or New Years Day. always be beyond the scope of their added yet another slug of brandy to cucumber and green pepper. Mix in his sake, but l still think 12 months dreams. © the freshly-opened pot of mince). 4tblspns lemon juice, 2oz melted Chocolate fudge, peppermint creams butter, a good grinding of pepper and a and coconut-ice sweets were made for little salt. Bind together, adding more Parfums Caron. Paris. the carol-singing children and for the butter if necessary. Stuff the vent end isrtuftl Ptf t ■ '0. adults. On Christmas Eve the carollers with this mixture (sweetcorn addicts arrived just as the smoke from the can add a small drained can). apple logs spiralled heavenwards. We performed our nativity play. The Turkey delight for Boxing Day Soak wassail cup was drunk and they went 6oz raisins overnight in lOfl.oz cider away singing. together with the pithless peel of a I hope you all have a happy Christ­ lemon. Slice 2lb turkey meat from the mas - and here are a few of my carcass and crush the carcass with^j favourite recipes which I should like cleaver. Place this in a large saucep^J to share with you: with a sliced onion, a heart of celery, a M'lnm /Kttwfi. 2 bay leaves, a handful of parsley and Wassail cup for Christmas Eve Heat cover with chicken stock. Boil for l one quart of old ale in a preserving hour then drain the liquid through pan. Stir in lib soft brown sugar and muslin into a clean bowl. Reduce the add a cinnamon stick. When the stock further to 8oz. Blanch 5oz sugar is completely dissolved add a whole almonds, peel and split. Melt good scraping of nutmeg and a tspn of 2oz butter in a saute pan and in this powdered ginger and 2 thinly-sliced fry the almonds with one sliced onion lemons. Pour in a bottle of medium until golden. Add 3 Russet apples, dry sherry and a further 2 quarts of cored but not peeled, each cut in half beer. Heat to warm. As you drink, then each half in eight slices. Turn Look at Guernsey wassail-sing Christmas greetings. altogether for 5 min. but make sure the onion does not burn. Pour in a miniature of warmed Calvados. Extra special soup for Christmas Melt 2oz butter in a saucepan and in it Flambe. Now add the liquid in which for achange the raisins were soaked, the 8oz sweat a chopped Spanish onion until translucent. Stir in 8oz smoked stock and about lOoz double cream. particularly when it comes to shore and marine life salmon pieces. Saut6 until the salmon Simmer together gently. It should just as artist Phillip Emms discovered. begin to thicken. Colour softly with a turns colour. Now stir in the com from Cont)‘asts and species abound from the rare and almost secret omier 2 cobs which have been boiled in little turmeric. Now stir in the raisins CARON : salted water until tender. Add l £ pints and the turkey slices to heat through. to the bustling crabs, beautiful sea anemone and myriads ofsea shells. chicken stock and lOfl.oz milk. Bring Adjust seasoning and serve on a bed Ton don’t have to paint to enjoy all that’s best in Guernsey, all to simmering point. Liquidise. of Basmati rice, turned in butter and Return to the heat and stir in lOfl.oz into which 4oz nibbed almonds, fried but ifyou do it’s even better. in butter, hive been stirred. Scatter Guernsey, inspiration to us all. t double cream. Season generously over a handful of deep-fried parsley. with freshly-ground white pepper (Stadc/'-/ rr&c*< Guernsey Tourist Board and taste for salt. Serves 6. Serves 6. Denis Curtis Perfume - Toilet water - Bath line.

32 TELEGRAPH SUNDAY MAGAZINE TELEGRAPH SUNDAY MAGAZINE I * ' ;

I

THE TROOPS,, facing a rather bleak and lonely Christ­ mas in the Falkland Isles, have just coined another nickname THE OBSERVER for the islanders they are reluctantly protecting. And 18.12.83 Vm afraid it’s no more flatter- ing than the earlier ones. - The first nickname, after the war, was ‘ Bennies ’ because of the inhabitants’ supposed resemblance to the ignorant Benny of ‘Crossroads.’ A notice went up in the barracks ordering this nanyz to be dropped, so it was changed to ‘ Stills ’ (Well, sir they’re still Bennies). But as the months drag on, the mocking endearments have changed to openly hostile ones. The new name, is now, ‘Bubs’ — this is an acronym for ‘ bloody ungrateful bastards.’

SUNDAY TIMES 18.12.83

world wars. That is unarguable. Second, the passage quoted above could only refer to me, because in opening the Lords debate on the South Atlantic I dealt specifically with our ; maritime security and men­ r tioned all British islands, 200 GRAY’S INN ROAD, LONDON WC1X8EZ including Tristan da Cunha. The question I put was, what would be the position of the West and the free world, in the event of conventional warfare, How the Falklands if Suez and Panama were closed, and there were Marxist regimes at the Cape and at the helped Britain Horn? I do not claim to be a __ „ , . strategist, but my “armchair” TO SAY THAT I was some- took a long time to surface, consists of four lengthy visits to what stung by your Editorial on Now, armchair strategists are lhe Falkland Islands, two stays the Falklands (last week) would deploying arguments resting on on Ascension Island, a long be stating the obvious, but I ihe premise that the defence of voyage to the Antarctic, includ- think you owe readers an Land’s End begins at Tristan da jng visits to British, Chilean, explanation, Cunha. Some of them spoke in Argentine and Russian Antarc- the Lords debate last week. ’ tjc bases> and having film crews . “the first (Pitfal,> _. , tl , t in St. Helena and Tristan da is the belief that the south-west First, apparently you do not Cunha j have aiso been to the Atlantic may, after all, be vital know that our vital sea lanes Cape and the Horn, to the Western alliance. This across the Atlantic were prob- F Buxton contention was never made ably saved by our possession of House of Lords Buxton: well-travelled before the war; even later it the Falkland Islands in two London SW1

McMillan-Scott Associates Public Affairs •11 Whitehall LondonSWl.A 2BZ Telephone. J I

! SOLDIERS DAILY TELEGRAPH HELP SHEAR 17.12.83 i THE TIMES SHEEP V 17.12.83 By ALAN COPPS at Goose Green, Falklands

is sheep shearing UN move threatens Argentina ITseason in the Falklands and there is no shortage to find out of willing hands to help the farmers among the tioops Antarctic Treaty who patrol the remote From Zoriana Pysariwsky, New York why 7,000 ! settlement. Lt-Col Mike Hayley, com­ A United Nations study on ^^^ojJidelLte'oii Antarc- mander of the Second Battalion thc status of Antartica and the a Marion call which was , disappeared I Royal Regiment of Fasihers, From Douglas Tweedale cites this new-found skill of his Buenos Aires men as an example of the way tsssawjs-i stessx'Sfl President in which good relations are j^opa^ej the10 ^icujously ^sdub"6 *"** * Raul Alfonsin has encouraged between soldiers appointed a commission to and civilians. constructed Antarctic treaty I investigate the disappearance “Last year in the aftermath and pave the way for universal Any attempts to unravel or of more than 7,000 people who of war the shearing season was decision-making in the region. tamper with the treaty whtch , vanished during the Argentine chaotic. Now the islanders are „ . r,lp, sets aside conflicting claims to , military campaign against in the phase of getting back on Senor Javier Perez de Cuel- vereignly 0ver the continent urban terrorism in the 1970s. to their land for the first time lar, the Secretary-General, has s ^ co^[ns vitai disarmament been given a year m wh eh to isionSj are expected to ) The 16-member com­ and we intend to do all we can l mission, which includes to help them,” he said. prepare the report. He will have Pn°Qunler stiff insistence from ;. The colonel said they had to thread a fine line between the United States and the Soviet , journalists, authors, chur­ moved their camp away from signatories of the treaty and the The treaty is one of chmen and scientists known -—•> Goose Green settlement 1 rest of the world s nations u ^ rare instanCes in which | for their concern about human jause “ if we become too which would like to see lwo super powers find right violations will have enmeshed neither of us can access to military and Govern­ fulfil our tasks. But th.it doesn t anlind and themselve. in agreement. ment records in order to alter the fact that we need each make its largely untapped The treaty has been in determine what happened to other.” without the missing persons. He pointed out that trie resources available to all. existence for 24 years civilians used the Army’s base attracting much^not.ce, co^ The commission will have doctor while a local man was The report provides a period16 prising an no power to try those respon­ so expert at repairing Land- of grace for the treaty’s - consultative parties. sible for the murders, but has- Rovers “ we often call upon consultative parties who joined been instructed to submit all him.” in the consensus resolution evidence of possible crimes to calling for the report rather Argentina the courts. It is to produce a Rare complaints reluctantly. Faced with an INDIAN report on its findings in six •At the same time a farmer immediate confrontation, they .OCEANI months’ time. might complain about low-flying i chose the lesser of two evils, but Argentine human rights, aircraft or other disturbance to the issue will undoubtedly '*ANorway5 become an emotive one in a C/a groups have documented the his animals but such instances disappearance of more than were rare. year’s time. Delegates recalled ^Australia 7,000 people who are believed, Col Hayley’s battalion is that the genesis of the now Chilety' responsible for protecting the concluded Law of the Sea treaty Unclaimed to have been kidnapped and entire area of the island outside was a seemingly innocuous killed by Government security forces during what the military the capital of Port Stanley. His statement by MaUa,call"^.tor CNewTr headquarters is in a “ village” the sharing of the sea s wealth. SOUTH Zealand V, >N> France has called its “dirty war” of prefabricated cabins a few pacific Australia against left-wing subversion \OCEAN AUSTRALIAN./ hundred yards from the settle­ This time Malaysia, which v500 miles from 1976 to 1981. to make its ment of Goose Green. SStTmrt. caine up But relatives of disappeared With its own power station people and human rights '"■’d water plant it is a coin- activists believe the figure of stable contrast to the tradi­ missing people is closer to tional tented Army camp. 30,000, due to the many incompletely documented cases and instances of disap­ peared persons whose families r Sailing ships rot in Falklands grave did not report them as missing By Tony Samstag out of fear. Meanwhile, former Presi­ A. least 500 wrecked British minimise disturbance of the ;nautical gmveyard. The wrecks dent Isabel Peron, who was and American 19th century s^re Mensun Bound, islands'isolation and climate j overthrown by the 1976 mili­ tary coup, prepared to leave Argentina after a one-week sS«SEffl!S«' JMSMUHaS visit during which she met President Alfonsin and began

landsnr? FoundationvrtssK says. the last century with thea w6st sgtaurm: packet ship built in 1856, what is expected to be a Its newsletter published this ^c as^fcec J7 , Amerjca- and' “dominates Stanley’s water- thorough purge of the Peronist week described the ships as “the -front”, but is in V critical party which she formally inest natural museum to survive the heavy loads and' condition. heads. Sendra Peron was flying back to Madrid for what she 1 ar-ffrwysSL -tSsasss•j^wasas* promised would be a brief stay “ “'“{”’S‘Sdim5d “i S? ‘b°“40“ before returning to take full lished theefoundationhi’n W9 SwFalklahds harbours, turning. Some ships have been bought charge of the movement she pmised ntmta^y efforts to them into the world’s largest by Amencan museums • inherited from President Juan Peron.

McMiUan-Scott Associates Public Affairs

•II Whitehall London SW1A 21V/. TeU-phmv m,-i VS

J I

10 T!ie Daily Telegraph, Wednesday, December If, 1983 DAILY TELEGRAPH 14.12.83 FALKLANDS TROOPS

MUST FAY MORE

FOR NAAFI GOODS

By Maj-Gen EDWARD FURSDQiS Defence Correspondent gERVICEMEN in the Falklands will have to pay 20 per cent, more for cigarettes, i drinks and other goods from next April because Naafi Headquarters confirmed yesterday that it will have to pay freight charges to the Defence Ministry for moving its goods to the South Atlantic from Jan. 1. Then Servicemen will be buying goods at British duty free prices to which a freight element has been added. ------came from non-traditional busi- The Defence Ministry said nes such as car hire-purchase. yesterday that a Local Over­ Without this the traditional seas Allowance Review Team activities would not have will visit he Falklands in covered the £10 million distri­ early January. buted to Naafi customers. ..;ii , Sir James says: “We need the va d£r„rSSe4f, n0t 0nly t0 earn more from the main LOA ratp of £ n^r Wi * stream of our business next I d-iv fnr III rLilPK th i Pur year- and so ensure Naafi re- P ?Vu-ran vS’ buf- the mains viable.” effects of this new ruling being r , imposed on the Naafi. and come TAJ? l,he same re™>rt Mr Brian up with new recommendations. Whitaker, Naafi managing XT c . , , director, says that the Falk- The Naafi has always enjoyed lands “ is a drain on our overall a freight-free status with the sales.” Defence Ministry when dealing w. ai1ric. «, . , with an active service environ- a While the head of ment. It has to pay freight to wifV«m 3 S1frv,lce peacetime stations, and hitherto 'A £ d15.% ,.A/1°£S ^ 3S , has continued to enjoy the con- 3S*n ir.ds* ‘ Many ■cession in the Falklands which £™{i£ du^a.ioT and we lole 1 has been the legacy of Oper­ ation Corporate. their business altogether. our what'1S ««« term as ibeing part of a return not spend money on goodsv to normality. which they would either have i ■»T i , abandon within four months Not SO rosy -the tour Ien»th-or transport Sir James Spooner, Naafi bome and Pa.V customs duty.” chairman, said in his annual f report published today that the £19 million trading profit by the Naafi during 1982-83 may seem a very good result, but in reality the picture appears less rosy. The profit is up £4 million on last year, but £5 million of it came from profits on sterling/ deutschemark exchange. Much

McMillan-Scott Associates Public Affairs

41 Whitehall Dmclon SWlA 2BZ Telephone. oi-‘Do«i'M3 i *1 M 3iSBs|Rai5S lirMttg &S-ss.«l!t z mmhmmmmdimummm=■ g5-2.|=sS§^^ a§ls = sr& ?.a~--g§§& ^ f f—1 > 3 a I ilfsfis!rff aI|!a8! ^"esIgBs-d -<5 H NJ Z n <* >•?!.§* 3 13 s-s °H.s§£sE3g-g 5Lwg'"’g'^g SS»§”^g-=-a3 HT CD . 00 H CO > &M«§3* ffSl >si!?|sfli |js“Mg| .-*?sS§#gB S ►r -H tr h6 Z . H H'lli'Zgz |io iii!s1^».iss^!p ;ifli|§|“ a z IsSfSEs' |5| »*5a2||-sjjg |f||s»a " 5 H 3 c/5 P 2E^g.&>§| al§ s?iIaSl^ s§§-l'?git c/o 1 oS-S, Ss'-“ gS o 3"H.g" ga-g>§ 3 3 §■§>£>§■££ gSS3 3'g'B> > H-. |

1Sro *•£"§,!r«;;5i*n 2.8%.;, .pjs»3 CL : HSlIiis! tPSIN CD sfts |3S§|i»; ,=.|w 3 hi 1 S3 P g«SS‘5a'a'"BBg.|<-. ale o !clf!§»§§l1|»& 3| o I iff I CD a^s UV.UB gg&ff lz,< 3's» r; ^ “ p c/5 3 g I a | | H* C/5 a?"«oo^8lg. gaffS

«s »£■ S>“f°s|3§5-2aa O Sm 8 S roS £» £3 lists'S^ iisjtiit -fi: o i sssssisg-j ISsS S■?3-^FK?•|.?I:r•§S;r fliffpm lasifffR N-I* ^ S’ggaaii ggassaG|>g- gff?&a,8 3S3s!& £sas O' # pD® 1: §°~S.a)§gZ2||g|§S.S=g Hi FiKWfRW-K Ml HI &§*S6ss§C iHssi}‘t CD ^sss-Sf as *!”§-"»• 2. %fgf o C/5 as^agg- "»os”s5i!si s&i:: QTQ § " £ a 5 ® 3 £»§Z. 3 " 2-3. ea&»5!lo-5>a >1111 Ht -»Sa —2. o ?r :^o w "&’s«is§™!»s^&H*S =“31§ ti!i*&ts S|° *S?°!i"I 1g11i §3^SS|’§^’ S'3- ft-§2 3 I ieSB^Iig i.as-s-|gg>|3- „ S- = a g w : c£?^Si?B I-? »>§&£»§■ lllllllfll? e. r t a e. r& < P g^|8g'g‘S,S'SK^5§-g'5r,g 3- gg'g“!3gS5,fiS8Sig§8ftS ?SS^H‘8 „ S3 p* C : Pi'WBil! ISpyKpiiii! S p • 2- li SaiSiiSprMiffilB:!; i « ►—k* ' ro CO f! B-ai -|ff|Ii*B£l3^1#®Bsa!^ar-Sis S» §&■§ |fi ?§'| 3 if’1 ? §.!• Ilifsl I §?<§ 8 ■§■§'£! §8

: S^gsIlr^SsM vj a fs 43: 3to 3: 5'S^3£'-S£lmnU*l1g ff S'4 »S„>|* c3|s®ff p ffg:ili-a^i“ “3 g 3 f >3 ® ■ 8 a g„ Sag-Passs-2 g-H. “3"s IJ Er«3SSa°M&Sa-" 3^ R|iTli?:il?6

ga^f tt»§g5S J38. ■ ois:;3iS'0^sw®s;2‘< i |i*g1fE&|!0fl^s.

§

?8smil0?l.lgrf5 5"" i oq w § ao g l^sf assist r-_ I daily telegraph GUARDIAN

00 \ CO 2 Oj

QJ -Q 5 8 Q

cb I 8 § £

n

:

CO m£ 2

i

*

McMillan-Scott Associates Public Affairs 41 Whitehall London SWlA 2BZ Telephone: 01-930 6935 J I 1 daily telegraph GUARDIAN 16. 12.83 16.12.83

•t Alfonsin retires 44 Study defines armed forces chiefs By MARY SPECK in Buenos Aires role of censor "pRESIDENT ALFONSIN of Argentina has Jl announced military promotions that will force into retirement at least 26 of the army’s 49 generals in wartime and 16 of the navy’s 25 admirals. Brig.-Gen. Julio Fernandez By David Fairhall, Although the report supports throw the constitutional govern­ Defence Correspondent the need for • censorship it Torres, 54, who ranks 24th in ment. Some form of military cen- wants to see that function f the army hierachy, will A Defence Department com­ sorship is desirable even in a -stnctly limited and clearly assume control of the Joint munique announcing the mili­ limited conflict like the Falk- separated from the Defence Chiefs of Staff. tary changes said the armed lands, an independent study Ministry s other function Brig.-Gen. Jorge Arguindeguy, ™Jted*” ^for manv^vears Pbv group has recommended. of heIping to inform the public. 53, will head the Army Staff f ed . 0T,<, m‘my y<“arfs Censorship should be volum Deliberate disinformation (of although he ranks below 26 *°rsnen Jho fnlost «g!« of tary, the group recommends, which there were a few auth- other generals. The new Navy £, i>ose ^or which the but made effective in such a |.cated examples during the Chief of Staff will be Rear-Adml S"}1fUwwi limited war by an “ accredi- Falklands war) also has a part Ramnn Arnsa 5? whn ranl/c *be defence °f the fatherland tation bargain ” between the *° ^ a,y in warfare, tse report ?7ath0narat°gSa'thf admirals "in fr°” ^ *SS~ ■ military authorities and the „ es' • i active service. Coups d etat and usurping news media. In other words, r®port s main conclu- _ . iU , of (civilian) constitutional in formation, access and corm zl?*. Only the air force escaped a power are now part of a past munications would be provided ® Although most journalists major shake-up. Maj.-Gen. that will never again be re- in return for discretion in not would exercise self-censorship Teodoro Waldner the new Air peated,” it said. revealing sensitive military in- 'Yb®n lve5 and *be lnterests °f Force Chief of Staff, ranks third . formation. their own country were at on the seniority list. His ap­ In a serious European war, •^,ak

McMiUan-Scott Associates Public Affairs

41 Whitehall London SWlA 2HZ Telephone: 01-930 W35

' V--. Boredom and cramp on tlie scrabble for legroom in the con­ fined space. . Boredom is the major prob­ 12-hour airbridge lem. Most try to sleep but few succeed for any length of time. One officer has brought a ham­ mock and sways gently, sus­ pended across the cargo ramp. Another man clings like a to Port Stanley monkey to the cargo netting to • i j keep his boots clear of the Hercules tanker circled m wait jolling heads below. There are By ALAN COPPS and the Victor on the ground lent° of rations and fruit in Port Stanley took on more fuel to cover the • ice But the time men TT was a classic illus- Hercules tankers extra time in gtretcll an(j stjr and shift, seek-

the airbridge—the 3,oUU- airfield in Ascension The pas- SOSbelts*b Refuelling is imminent, mile freight flights from sengers wait in t he humid heat Qur s d and the noise level Ascension which, white s^repUce the grease the tanker trails its 18 months after the war, hours behind schedule, we are nose* are still the key supply airborne, again. Familiar map route to the Falkland The airbridge runs five days . -h Islands. a Wf„k^do jSooeStoatadon0e.way Sake”nozzle VitS Just 40 minutes after taking journey. It’is the only way a Third* time off for the 12-hour run the 'passenger can get to Port anker and for ll' minutesthe pilot of the RAF Hercules Stanley without a two-week sea 1auiSftandflyt0r!ocked together told his 52 passengers: “We passage^from Ascension,while the fuel is A are turning back. equipment can be delivered in transferred. The meticulous in-flight The tanker torns away to checks had discovered a rare The passengers are a mixed chase :he fault in the navigation equip- bunch: men of all ranks from £scen*01}-AJuI clrond half of ment and on this mission that the three Services, merchant bers. on for second halt ot could not be tolerated. seamen, civilian ship repairers, its journey. Even a small error could two Swedish scientists going to Six hours later the raaar mean the plane missing its pin- inspect the site for a floating screens reveal that point rendevous for the deli- harbour and a handful of map of the two and cate in-flight refuelling opera- journalists. f ^ stowed^’ earl ,ma “ «r mss «•» ssKSS? .« e«««£."bh: ars. wa More fuel Norton to Ascension. Atlantic summer. The decision had to be taken The Hercules is first packed quickly. The Hercules tanker with baggage___ and cargo which would carry out that shackled to the floor under operation was already in the heavy nylon nets. Some of the air about five minutes ahead of piles reach almost to the roof the freighter. The Victor tanker 0f the fuselage. Diplomatic bags which would catch up both air- are prominent on one heap, craft and refuel the Hercules The passengers squeeze into tanker before it in turn whatever space they can find refuelled the freighter was due aroun(i the miscellaneous piles, to take off within minutes. We fasten our safety belts on The freighter turned back, the the canvas webbing seats and

DAILY TELEGRAPH

FALKLAND LETTER 16.12.83 By Our Correspondent at the i United Nations in New York The United Nations Secretary-General. Sr. Javier Perez De Cuellar, yesterday summoned the British and Argentine Ambassadors and handed them a letter aimed at breaking the diplomatic stale­ mate between the two countries since last year’s Falklands War. Details of the letter were not disclosed. 44 sacked—P5

McMillan-Scott Associates Public Affairs 41 Whitehall London SW1A2BZ Telephone: OMUOMttS

I Partnership in Antarctica Alfonsin begins military From Mr Julian Amery, MP for Brighton Pavilion (Conservative) Sir, Your leading article “South purge by naming Atlantic Partners” (December 10) makes the constructive suggestion that the Falklands and their dependencies could, without any four new chiefs of staff change of sovereignty, be turned into an Anglo-Argentine base for From Douglas Tweedale, Buenos Aires Antarctic exploration and develop­ President Raul Alfohsin has President to be commander-in- Argentina's armed forces greatly ment. But should you not take the named four new chiefs of staff chief of all military forces. increased their economic and proposal further? of the armed forces, in the first General Jorge Arguindeguy, political power during the last Chile, South Africa, Australia and step towards what he promised an officer with a reputation of seven years of military rule. The New Zealand also have claims on would be a "substantial and being non-political, was named armed forces are also widely the Antarctic continent and obvious profound” reform of Argenti- Chief of Staff of the Army Rear- believed to have become cor- interests due to geographical prox- na's military structure. Admiral Ramon Arosa was rupt and to be responsible for imity. The Defence Minister Scor designated Chief of Staff of the numerous atrocities during Could we not develop your Borras. announced the appoint- Navcy. and Brigadier Tcodoro their campaign against left-wing concept to include these other ments on Wednesday night, just Waldncr will occupy the same terrorism in the mid-1970's. interested parties, perhaps at the 24 hours after President Alfon- post in the Air Force. Presindcnt Alfonsin has joint invitation of Britain and vin ordered the trial of nine President Alfonson's choices promised that those officers Argentina? Other signatories of the former military junta members imply a virtual purge of the responsible for human rights Antarctic Treaty might also like to on charges of murder, torture, existing military leadership, as violations will be brought to take part. and illegal deprivation of the promotion of younger justice, and that he will Once the new airfield on the liberty, in connection with officers will automatically force transfrom the services into Falklands is fully developed and the human rights abuses. 29 generals into retirement “strong, effective armed forces harbour facilities improved, the General Julio Fernandez fro™ the Army 17 admirals that will play their proper role islands might well prove to be the Torres a career infantry officer from the Navy and two within the constitution. . most convenient base available for who once disobeyed orders brigadiers from the Air Force. General Fernandez Torres, Antarctic exploration as well as the from former President Galtieri The new Government has l^c centerpiece of the Govern- meeting ground on which cooper­ during the Falklands war, is to pledged to rid the armed forces mcnt s military reforms, repor- ation might resolve existing differ­ be chairman of the Joint Chiefs of officers with political am- refused to obey an order ences between Britain and the of Staff.___ bitions and to place the military from General Galticn to launch Argentine and the Argentine and This is Argentina top-rank- under firm civilian control ® parachute attack on Goose Chile. irtg military post, president which may turn out to be the Green during last years war on The Antarctic continent is gener­ Arionsin eliminated the rank of most difficult tasl facing Seor thc ground that it would inflict ally thought to be a prolongation of commander-in-chief in all three Alfonsin. unacceptably high casualties on the Andes and the Southern African services on the grond that thc Besides their long history of the Argentine troops, plateau. There is, therefore, a constitution empowers thc invention in Government, Finance and industry, page 17 distinct possibility that the mineral wealth of both may exist under the permafrost. Discovering it and then extracting it would be a challenging task but no more than landing a man on the Moon. Argentine Yours sincerely, THE TIMES JULIAN AMERY, debt deal 112 Eaton SquaredW1, 16. 12.83 December 13. confusion Bankers interpreted the action of thc civilian government, By Our Financial Staff which formally assumed power Argentina’s new government on Saturday, as a prelude to a has asked its commercial bank new round of debt-rescheduling creditors for a moratorium on negotiations on which the new debt payments, it was claimed ministers wanted to stamp their yesterday. However, there wasi mark. confusion in banking circles London banking sources said over the exact nature of the that Argentina would want to request. defer signing public-sector debt- Reports from Buenos Aires rescheduling agreements nego- said that Argentina wanted a liatcd by the previous govern-] six-month delay on payments rnent. It was likely to press for1 on its $40 billion (£28 billion) m°re favourable terms on the external debt. But bankers in refinancing of $4 billion to $5 London suggested that a 90-day billion of public-sector debt moratorium on principle pay- maturities due in 1984 and ments was more likely. 1985. Senor Bernardo Grinspun, Although debt negotiation the Argentine Economy Minis­ with the' Argentinians have ter, denied that Argentina had caused considerable problems requested a deferment of for the banks over the past year, payents on foreign debt, but bankers are resonable relaxed said he had asked foreign about reaching new agreements creditor banks to concede a six- with the civilian government. month period in which to Indeed,, . .thc return to ,civilian renegotiate debt payments due r. bas been seen as a hopeful up to the end of next year. s,Sn*

McMillan-Scott Associates Public A^fcairs 41 Whitehall London SWlA 2BZ Telephone. Ol-y.V) f)«)35 L i Call for 30 skilled thaStrd"UrfngrCminded 400ffMftLd^- "" some ' were published Tnrf3 ?dlt,ons Prosecutions were ^adi1 *Y f°Ur war censors to

Should b s£fn bargain" return for W f 'V^reby ^ start trainin information their a"d g now By Vnj.-G en. EDWARI, EVRSDOY rT,HTRTV eHCe CorresP°"^"t TH R Y ^sors of high calibre Che past and with a good knowledge of their report ^advocates^n^f th? of the media, should be selected subject and for their duties now, as part of and trained “nSS3iWeWtt‘S«g war correspondents planning for 1 contingency tf&afT&'rlLion should°^ the I Pictures should next war. foreign journalist^ ^sor* A Chief Press Censor, «ot be shown who would have direct ------As imDlementednS'tlVe Subjects b« „ one correspondent said access to Ministers, would after the recent BA OR exer crhirismUg0hf Sldpf the report-, also be appointed. cise, mation “ thaMt reEfa mf°r" All of these should be sena !a** around the place that «*! Anse n? p M0rVhe M«D’s Chief nation arm „ the lnfor‘ 0fThUb lc Relatl0”s Staff important °nC °f ,hc mo™ afsssr&'sai^rsrh„SC^eWCd " lhe report says in erodfnTgC il iS iiable | ?“!K hilfH, r ng Government credi- deserves.EuSKRftnt” their Action 1 who’ll tceM0rthdmf0Und ?hat the Who may he invited—as in the ipeciaIi,dtS ^°n2-,Ct_l° appcar as specialist pundits on radio and S^^re%fW t elevision should be required to .cfeck with the Defence mon decencv ” n,Q°ne °' com* Ministry first, before accepting forgotten: theresu^J^ becn invitations to do so. P a SBuJZS ^ Te- mMimCritical of inq^uiryddcoinPrised'r Whitehall WaDreabn/ with Transition to chSt?„dGafs^pfes*?d Chief of Public ex* protection of "information 1 in /prTvfnt war bo{* to Mr David I iheCB°BreMDi,Sctpr,-G^reISof ! and6 S^ed lhat the Press ness J’° At fhit ^itary effect^ deputy® C'edftorDOnTl,dd Horpbin- nd media had been as strongly 'arrangement w-Tif a voluntary a P^te ,m h,!s l0'man team might suffice but mnr^6 ■ I?edia as officialdom,” and that the needed. War ^ re be nal report had been a unani- should be accredit re550ndents ffguftn < moTuhs one- censorshfp3 begun ^ and Service The report supports a form For a maiorrnm,« , of censorship, but advocates its situation th« onventional war application somewhat differ- 18 recommends-eport made ently in times of tension, major others, these hfaHrS‘i. Among Anthony^ Whetstone ofmiflal i conventional war and limited very relevant nrXMbghted tfie Great £!^ion Asspciation of I confimts. It is critical of Gov- arrangements IS™ of wfaat inwif?4!, ,nformation handling mented on VeCnn?1^ imp]e' mi Whitehall generally, and says Censorship l,un ,nent- now is the time to start im- in the United °vd valuable P ovxng the quality, status and way, “ irresDerfi^11 rdora’ anV- IiTSSL^ ^formation staff. happening P0ver ther^?1 Was fcp Notice V® ?iAPbIen ‘'MeTlSS? Is et fiUif'anCe t0 editpre Sh°Uld *ive daily telegraph mocfeDed’ fair and efficient, 16. 12.83 ■ :f°v^ Journalists would accept n’ , should be limited to rtncyentlng “ the untimely dis- wrt„ue of- information which ^?.uJd -prejudice our own or enemy°Peratl0nS' and assist the

McMillan-Scott Associates Public Affcairs Whitehall London SWlA 2BZ Telephone: U1.9.V)W« ■

THE ECONOMIST 10-16 December 1983

/ Falklands SIR—Your suggestion that Bri­ Self-determination tain use the opportunity provided SIR—A talc of some widely dis­ by the election of a new govern­ persed islands reveals British for­ ment in Argentina to make some eign policy for what it really is. progress towards a solution for Regarding the Malvinas. Britain the Falklands is welcome (Nov­ said it was defending not Mrs ember 26th). However, the ob­ Thatcher’s then-waning political servation that “none of this will career but the principle of self- be easy for Mrs Thatcher” should determination—against Argenti­ be amended to read, “none of na’s appeal to the principle of this will be easy, especially for territorial integrity. Then, re­ Mrs Thatcher”. The prime minis­ garding Cyprus, it put the princi­ ter’s most reliable political in­ ple of territorial integrity ahead vestment in recent years has been of the Turkish Cypriots’ appeal in a combination of national to self-determination—exactly chauvinism and self-righteous the reverse. belligerence, not only towards And if Britain argues that the Argentina but also in relations wishes of the Turkish Cypriots with her EEC partners. cannot be paramount because Argentina has done some they form only a minority within growing up. Is it really to be the total population of their is­ expected that Mrs Thatcher will land, then Britain is arguing in reciprocate, when teething in­ favour of the exact reverse of its transigence has yielded such divi­ policy in Ireland. dends at the polls? Methinks the Forest Hills, “Nays” have it. o New York Lidia Cabrera London Cari. Cavanagm Hoixie

i

McMiUan-Scott Associates Public Affairs 41 Whitehall London SWlA 21iZ Telephone: 01-W0 f>‘J35 Guardian 15th December 1983 still describe as theatrical “ intimacy ” does reduce the impact of what was originally one of the most disturbing dramatic occasions of the last 12 months. Created by Max , Stafford-ClarJk: from actual | recollections, raw and racked at times, of the Falklands war, it remains an evening which chills, heats and pro­ vokes : no bad epitaph for either the campaign itself or this piece of special pleading. The event consists of two sections, the first adapted from Lieutenant David Tinker’s letters home during the battle, with interpolations from his professorial father ; the second retails the experi­ ences of a disparate quintet peripherally caught up in the war. But a single theme unites the two halves: it is the sense that in this cam­ paign the feelings of the individual participants, and others indirectly involved, were “ squeezed out ” by the momentous clatter of the main event. National senti­ ment, voices braying in unison, had to prevail and Falkland Sound tries to re­ dress the balance. But we are never glutted with emotive sensations. Tinker’s letters have been thoroughly fiilleted and some of the complexities ironed out but the ironies which shaped his character remain: royal court the conventional, romantic, sea-struck boy who did not Nicholas de Jongh want to kill but relished battle and who. in the devas­ tating phases of battle reaches an apogee of anger as he feels himself liable to be­ Falkland come cannon fodder for hypo­ crisy, and involved in a duel between two crazy animal Sound absolute Simon Curtis who now directs does not quite AFTER a national tour and encourage Bill Buffery’s winning approval in seafaring David into a sufficient climac­ cities Falkland Sound/Voces tic of anger. Anglo-Argentinian business- de Malvinas returns to its But his touch is sharper in men and above all, the rumi- theatre of origin for a few the quintet’s description of native war journalist who performances. It is now pro­ how at a tangent to the Falk- speaks for the way we tamper moted from the upstairs land’s axis they were all and manipulate war news, studio to the main auditorium, hcanged or modified by war: leave you troubled and and the larger space and the the pacifist naval wife, the stirred. notable lack of what we I

Argentina to THE TIMES

put three 15.12.83 Presidents on trial From Douglas Ivu-vdule Buenos Aires President Haul Alfonsin has ordered the trial on murder and torture charges of nine leaders ol the military regime which seized power m 1976. He also called on Congress to enact a sweeping package of human rights reforms. Promising to restore the rule of law m Argentina, Senor Alfonsin announced an a broadcast speech on Tuesday night that he had ordered the Supreme Council of the Armed forces to try the first three military juntas which ruled Argentina after the 1976 coup. He said he was also seeking the prosecution of seven left-wing terrorist leaders active during the early I97()s. "The abberrant human rights violations commuted by terrorists and by the repres­ sion of them cannot remain unpunished”, he said. The military leaders, who include former Presidents Jorge Videla. Robert Viola and l.eopoldo Galtieri, will be tried bv the highest military court for having ordered and planned the eanipaign of repression against left-wing terrorists from 1976 to The Standard 1981. Between 7.000 and 30,000 15th December 1983 Argentines are believed to have disappeared after being kid­ napped by security forces. In addition. President Alfonsin summoned an extra­ ordinary session of Congress to Generals forced out I consider seven legal reforms -BUENOS A IKES, Thursday. The defence ministry said which he said were necessary to MORE than half the generals Ai* • , , guarantee the broadest respect in Argentina’s army and two- that Alfonsin had appointed for individual rights and the thirds of the admirals in the new commanders for the constitutional decision-making navy have been forced into armed forces. The 47 senior tn process”. siw Presi- £ ™& At the top of the list of measures is the immediate ■epeal of an amnesty law passed •asi September by the outgoing military regime to protect itself irom prosecution on charges of human rights violations. There is also a proposal to establish the same punishment lor torture as for murder, and to enact a law to protect democ­ racy and the constitutional order, which sets to protect democracy and the consti­ tutional order, which sets penalties for any attempt to overthrow an elected government. By reforming the Code of Military Justice the Alfonsin Government hopes to prevent' the trial of civilians by military courts, and to place military! officers who commit common crimes under civilian rather than military jurisdiction. • Diplomatic hope: Mrs Mar­ garet Thatcher’s note to Presi­ dent Alfonsin represents “a small light” towards the McMillan-Scott Associates Public Ajjain reestablishment of diplomatic relations. Sehor Dante Caputo, •II Whitehall London SWlA 2IV/ I»-U phono ii'M.i the Argentine Foreign Minister, said yesterday. GUARDIAN 14.12.83

THE current issue of the Falkland Islands paper, Pen­ guin News, carries an inter­ view (with Mrs Ann Green, the mother of a Welsh Guard killed in tthe Argentine a-ir attack on 'the Sir Galahad. Mrs Green has signed a con­ tract to work as a cook at the Upland Goose Hotel and plans to stay on the islands if all works out. Her daily work is carried out just 25 miles from the memorial to he 21-year-old son Paul, a mortarman. “ When we went to South­ ampton to see them off on /the QE2 I had this strange feeling that I would not see Paul again. I couldn’t take .my eyes off him.” •Mrs Green, from Rhyl, .North Wales, end her 15- year-old twuns first visited /the island last April with the pcxt of kin party. “ The more /we thought about d't the .better lit sounded,” she said. "We got as many books as ,we could about the islands and I started practising /making my own bread. I /think we’re going to like it here.”

McMillan-Scott Associates Public Adairs 41 Whitehall London SWlA 2BZ Telephone: 01-9306935 GUARDIAN 14.12.83

Pride and principle still clash MAKING sense of Mrs Thatcher’s foreign policy is not easy. Instincts war within her bosom. Her strongly pro- American inclination, , ..vies . the Falklands with a prickly and legalistic insistence on national rights and interests; her nationa­ lism competes with her beliefs in liberal free trade ; sometimes she takes a Mani- chean view of the world, sometimes a Treasury view. When the -Middle East is on the agenda her understand­ ing of British interests in the area is subverted by the Finchley Zionist in her. She is impatient with diplomacy, especially with all interna- tinal bureaucracies, yet s-ne thrills to the rustle of a in her hand. She is a town girl with yearn- SP for stardom on the in­ ternational stage. So it is that one day she holds steady with our troops behind the Americans in the Lebanon, and the next day lams into her soulmate’s was all her own brilliant within the nol-very-coherent economic policies as if she idea, which would show the scheme of Mrs Thatcher’s for­ were Helmut Sdhmidt. She mandarins of the Foreign eign policy. Her instincts, as has surprised both fan 'md Office. Her Fleet Street I have stressed before, are foe recently, first by b^r re­ friends are behind the times. against risky or costly pudiation of the American No longer is it the party line entanglements abroad. We intervention in Grenada and that the Foreign Office oiight saw this in the case of now by her wave of an olive to be renamed the Ministry Grenada and we know also branch at Argentina. Was for National Humiliation and that initially she was exceed- this the face that launched a Decline ingly reluctant to commit Task Force, the woman sex- This became quite evident troops to the peace-keeping istly described by resident force in the Lebanon. In the Reagan as “ the best man at the time of the Grenada incident when Number 10 case of the Falklands them­ they’ve got.” ? selves, her first approach was There is no ordered pat­ made no attempt to blame the Government’s embarrass­ to allow the Minister then re­ tern to. this behaviour, or sponsible at the Foreign none as yet. There is no ment on failures of intelli­ gence or diplomacy. In the Office, Mr Nicholas Ridley—a “ Thatcherite ” foreign reliable Thatcherite—to nego­ policy; her policy is what latest case the Prime Minis­ ter was persuaded, against tiate a deal which would Peter Jenkins she does and says. Neverthc- her first instincts in the have, effectively, abrogated $s, several tendencies have British sovereignty over the ’.ome evident since her re­ matter, to make a sensible gion last June. First, she and generous-minded gesture islands. the events of last year. To m on the occasion of President In other words, her attach­ save the nation’s face, and to ^ has become more active and Alfonsin’s inauguration. ment to the Falkland Islands aave her - government, she interested in foreign affairs. grew out of no world-view in Second-term leaders usually It was an important depar­ went to war. Men were killed ture, although after the Sun­ which she harboured dreams and maimed. , She won a do. Second, there is a new of far-flung empire. Rather assertiveness which is com­ day papers had hyped it up famous victory and the the Government felt it neces­ she had been busy trying to nation rejoiced. “ Fortress mon to the several, and cut the Navy. Hotly anti- sometimes conflicting, direc­ sary to dampen the enthu­ Falklands ” was the price siasm. For that task Sir Soviet though she was, when which had to be paid. Her tions of her diplomacy. Per­ it came to aggression in haps she believes that it is Geoffrey Howe stands ever policy for the future was en­ ready and, in a radio inter­ Afghanistan she was no tirely dictated by the events time to project Britain's enthusiast for sanctions, and national regeneration on to view, the Foreign Secretary of the past. There was no ! the world scene. A third, dismissed the talk of lease­ even less so when the United other nationale for spending a 1 more surprising development backs, or whatever, as prem- States, powerless to release billion a year on 1,800 is that she has taken to ture ; the sovereignty of the its hostages in Tehran, suf­ kelpers—in resource terms, listening to the Foreign Falkland Islands was still fered a humiliation of a sheer lunacy; the talk about Office very much “ not on the dimension surely greater the “ strategic importance ” i The editorialists of the agenda.” than the invasion of the of the Falklands is strictly chauvinist press could not be , We shall come to that In • Falkland Islands *t 7,000 for the Antarctic gulls. more wrong in supposing moment but it is worth first miles distance. The Government has no that her gesture towards the remarking how the Falkland* No, her attachment to the long-term policy for the Falk­ new democratic Argentina issue is an aberration even Falklands is due tolely to lands other than to stay put,

McMillan-Scott Associates Public Affairs 41 Whitehall London SW1A 2BZ Telephone: 01-V30 6035 GUARDIAN 14.12.83 Britain’s interest are more pressing still. The Falklands / 2 . . . garrison weakens our national defences, impairs our contribution to Nato, is an irritant in our relations with friends and allies, and makes for a totally dispropor­ tionate drain on resources. The cost over 10 years is about the equivalent of the Trident programme. The commitment to the Falklands distorts the choice which will one day, and before long, have to be made between the three military roles we play — as a vnuclear power, as a contributor of land forces to the continent of Europe, and as a sea power. One of those roles will have to be abandoned or downgraded unless the econ- omy performs miracles; and the most obvious candidate is the naval one. Moreover, Britain has some interest tin a stable and pros- to soldier and sailor on. formula ” of May 1982 re- ?®r+ou4s Argentina, an- impor- What it does have is a mains relevant. The fourth of Jant trading partner and by medium-term objective which its seven points was : “Accep- tradition our special relation is to normalise, as far as pos­ tance by both parties of the South America. Not least, sible, relations with Argen­ fact that a dispute over sov- secur,ity of the Falklands tina on the basis of the ereignty exists.” That is a themselves depends upon the status quo. It was to this way of keeping it on the internal stability of Argen- purpose that the Prime Min­ agenda (from the Argen- t[na- ?n€ way of promoting ister sent her carefully- tinian point of view) and off * , is to salve (repeat worded message to President the agenda (from the British salve) the festering grievance Alfonsin and to this end that point of view) whilst ena­ of las Malvinas. the Government dropped its bling negotiations to develop insistence that the state of without prejudice, as the law­ These considerations of hostility must be formally yers would say. British national interest give ended before the process of For Argentina, as for Bri­ the Argentinians some strong normalisation could begin. cards to play if they are will­ tain, the Falklands have a ing and able to go down the “ Where there is a will, significance far transcending road of normalisation. That there is a way,” replied the national interest. For her would also seem to be the Argentinian, somewhat gno- their repossession -was to best available strategy for mically. Mrs Thatcher has a have been an historic mark the eventual satisfaction of will all right. For her, sover­ c-f national regeneration, their territorial claim, al­ eignty is simply not at issue. their subsequent loss was a calamitous humiliation. The though in the context, per- Nor is it for President Alfon­ haps, of some sin, if he meant what he said escape from this clash of internationdlly-agreed tripar­ at his inauguration. Argen­ pride and principle must lie tite tina was “ inflexible ” on this dciwn the road of interest, arrangement between point, he said ; the recovery and it tis on this route that Britain, Argentina, and the of the islands was Argen­ Mrs Thatcher and President Falklands themselves. tina’s “ unalterable objec­ Alfoncin have set foot. Somewhere down that road tive." Moreover, he repeated Argentina’s interest lies in must come the point at the paranoid allegation defusing her territorial dis­ which principle becomes sub­ (apparently widely believed putes and from preventing sumed in practice. For it is in Buenos Aires) that Britain revanichisite passion from des­ surely inconceivable that Bri­ is engaged in establishing a tabilising. her politics; it lies tain can for ever defy the “ nuclear fortress ” in the in conquering her hyper- laws of geography, insist upn South Atlantic. inflatOon and rebuilding her tha right of a handful of It is obvious from these shattered economy; it lies in islanders to self-determina­ preliminary exchanges that curbing her military expendi­ tion at whatever cost to the to talk about sovereignty at ture anid reducing the in­ motherland, and permit a this stage, or in the near ternal political role of the small lobby of special inter­ future, would be a waste of army. Normalisa'ltion of her ests and sentimental imperia­ breath all round. In this con­ relations with Britain would lists to veto the pursuit of text the ill-fated “Peruvian es£i:st to those ends. national interest.

McMillan-Scott Associates Public Affairs 41 Whitehall London SWlA 2BZ Telephone: 01-930 6035 vY/.'/oXrin VM7 VlA\SuoPu,rI t»- SAivjfy oyqnj sarepossy uoog-ue]]T]/'pj/\l

= “ i§§ Sssa-^s»§ ■?s?s8s°sftf0s J?2 i geasieisS g"g§agi£4 3a§- lesgi-ssus «„o8£|&|o g |£ *g „«§•-*=& £ £ s £ g-Q ogr-ri^H^cu^ wSS^o “ 2

< p% ^ * S^oHfc" -—' •r-‘ ^ W **W««!* 5a4Sl’4i.H!°!^§I? co co 44 ' 1§P co S o a g^ M'S g * S “-S ° O CD CO m '■■' Cb W •— _ « 4> «*n sl-g«3oSSrf C .c C^t-, S-H <3 £ £».£ 3 g 8.2 £.§©>'-a 3-a.3d -- 2 4^ Oj ~ Sh o c "a S, 2 c «.5 a, ° P ^ bfl G g be,-- _ — '", t? o u 2 6 ^ © t? 35 m u aSSp'^auSs: c^c£<-u£oC aca^ao^^c-,<^c-o » a CO z ETS§3C hH £ Vj -O c3 ,*h o EH Isli^MsVlIigr^lI^^o rt r/5 '43 CO a Sssi'sgp^- s^rl°"Ii!ll,83. ft • ffi 'as 2^oed ^ . o wj ’ ‘ " w "- x: j- | * £3 **>■—■ oo s-' u_< a *j « 53 ° §fs r? >> s^o** i° c =?■§ O -~ S X c 5 % Q < Hal s; pl-ts g« 3y: Eis ’CO & Sh s © O ■*- “ _. S II'ssja-tB||i|“ «!!ii~sls„ CD ii-lslisiliifsljiisiifii CM £ O o > fl «* 43 i^lspl !isll§|li||llpl »Pi WIfEtS co gfi^sPi.ssjn -liiiiiafiSii rtS CD CD i:if iiipifl IKfsir c3 -M 0 • M lia^lS! lsfj:4-o|si!/i i|1Pi|2yHi| 'Sh 4^ c5 B i:4is!Ki!i!i! I0lim iel ^l||Il? |IlIslsiilfj|ll| ®ilgs|:ilg!l| -!s5-sS"5§f!SSg V^'M ©S| a-«ssi lining| :ii|:!||i:f0i!sHs,ia^i|jiso|!i 0 .as >> GO «=->.£ »r»3 i-,25^ „„S5aT5 • f-H 0 • H CD • p—( ^!!I»;^«3§|^i; ;sf°l§iL"5|y e o Q ■cS"a“«s«"■si8^-sSS I |I §3§ -s £a-S8'o^ as a S3 c < . •§ £5 gl >! g § ci " • h wig o «.*2 14ts- olill I i«n^ I ii liiiri! s i if-, c ^5aI^'Sll~£.lo lifiSS CM CO Illllmoli l!gg!52?^lfel§ g|esfi^s^..| T3 0 0 fl m wj rt a53co DS©«Is ^©©ll'5”5 !q|l§f|5og„- o-||Ig°|'3|©“Sil|a^ S©a§|sisl«12| !®|| 'CO ft 2§°li§< ?ScSg^ §i|Ss| &h-“> -£ cs©„©i© SS--“ m'05fc5 o Ili!g5! rflfS;i^i;^^Iiiirf!iililSIRPiii^2Sllliglip|^ip§Sil^si M a>S (O 5S? iisJHi n5iiKiIS-S !|85pl^#p ;!f IfIti:fi!is2iiiyiilisit5iS|P!!i

gh prfifi a o « h Ifi *41$!s ^ilillSi w^-A-hh-h 1|p,o$ ”SliWi! si llltlffllilinilll £IiI!I!iiiif11 "US

ro tn ^i co C fO •H T3 -p w w X • • T’U A^A ir n a mair 1

The Standard 13th December 1983

panel consisting of Sir Anthony Buck, chairman of the Conservative Parlia­ mentary Defence Commit- tee, anti-Falklands war hustler Labour MP Tam Dalyell, Sunday Times jour­ nalist Simon Winchester, who was jailed in Argen­ tina, and The Sunday Tele­ graph’s Peregrine Worst- horne. Adrian Monk, spokesman for the Falkland Islanders, will also be there and the discussion will be chaired Late by Jonathan Dimbleby. It is expected, in parliamentary sitting terms, to be a late sitting. IT WILL be just like the old disputatious times at. the Royal Court tomorrow even­ ing when MPs and journa­ lists debate the controversial motion: the Falklands War was ‘‘just a blip at the end of the radar screen of Im­ perial History.” The debate will follow the theatre s Falklands show. Falklands Sounds/ Voices de Malvinas, which has just returned to Sloane Square after a tour which included emotional sessions in the naval cities of Ports­ mouth and Plymouth. The audience will remain behind to watch the actors replaced by a four-man

BUENOS AIRES : Argentina's new democratic government has imposed price controls, starting with a virtual 20-day freeze, as a first step to tackle the country's 400 per cent inflation rate. r \ xio ro.'rl" " Thprf> iQ nn W3V 1

Daily Mail 13th December 1983

' Si < ' Si•;v- • ; . -: $ g ;V->- . 3 ^ r.’C *: ffSHTM I ®i_ *v”” . i ji * ■ mm :

: .V'';' W^lwpil I WS&SpiffiM

h*w« Co' 'Gh President Alfonsin, you shouldn't have . .

, r \ xr~ «ThprA 11 nr» wav i

TASK FORCE II

A MESSAGE, NOT A TRUCE MRS THATCHER’S MESSAGE to President DAILY TELEGRAPH Alfonsin on his inauguration as Argentina’s new 13.12.83 leader has aroused unjustified expectations that, somehow this opens the door to talks on the Falklands. This amounts to a misreading of the FALKLAND ISLANDS Prime Minister’s message, designed to welcome ‘Strategy’ for recovery Argentina’s new democratically elected leadership. A Our New York Staff writes: d mcratic Government in Buenos Aires does not Senor Dante Caputo. Argen­ n.^an that we should surrender our rights to the tina’s Foreign Minister, says Falklands. Mrs Thatcher has consistently excluded that his country plans a “ diplo­ discussions on sovereignty. matic strategy ” for recovering the Falkland Islands Britain fought the war to defeat aggression, to He told Newsweek: “We free the islanders from foreign occupation. Solemn plan a diplomatic, not a hostile promises have been made that we will not enter strategy — an energetic one which will allow us to renew into any agreement without meeting the wishes of negotiations, principally at the the islanders as well as those of Parliament. There United Nations. remains after nearly 18 months too much mutual “ We will look for, in a spirit i, mistrust and bitterness even to speculate about of peace, the best diplomatic ultimate solutions. In the immediate future, one can method to discuss time periods, forms and ways to effectively look forward to a gradual normalisation of relations, re-establish our sovereignty on a step-by-step approach involving the removal of over the islands.*' trade and commercial barriers. It would help if Asked what he hoped to get Argentina would give some concrete evidence that from Washington in trying to hostilities are at an end. recover the Falklands Islands, he replied: “We want under­ Although much is being said about how standing and help in achieving Argentina has turned it's back on military rule, it is the legitimate rights of Argen­ too early to say whether the new regime will be tina which are now being sought stable and be successful in grappling with the in the name of democracy. “ It is no longer a just cause country’s formidable economic problems. A policy being advocated by an illegiti- towards Argentina cannot be based simply on mate regime, but a legitir^nte good will. The military may have retired bruised to government asking for justice.” their barracks, but for 40 years the generals have Editorial Comment—P12 largely controlled the country. It is uncertain whether the armed forces are ready to give up politics. There will of course be criticism of the McMiUan-Scott Associates Public Affairs policy of “ Fortress Falklands,” but the islanders are British, and the islanders want to remain under the 41 Whitehall London SW1A2BZ Telephone: Ol-O.M I (>

The Argentine initiative, Geoffrey however, clearly bears the stamp of the FCO. It is not just Smith that the Foreign Office has THE TIMES always believed in the need for Mrs Thatcher’s message to a deal sometime with Argenti­ 13.12.83 President Alfonsin of Argenti­ na. Professional diplomats sec na marks a new phase in the the advantages of starting a Falklands saga. It also indi­ process of discussion without cates a significant development specifying exactly where it in her own premiership. It should lead. But one would not confirms that she is now have thought that this kind of prepared to be influenced by tentative, indirect, conciliatory - ’ the advice of Che Foreign anil approach was quite Mrs Commonwealth Office. Thatcher's style. After the Argentine invasion It is all the more remarkable of the Falklands, the Foreign that she should become influ­ Office was very much out of enced by FCO thinking at a favour. Mrs Thatcher had time when t«he Foreign Sec-; never had much rapport with retary himself is not particu­ professional diplomats, and she larly strong. Sir Geoffrey Howe I came to the conclusion then has had an uncomfortable few that they had let her down. | months sinde his transfer from By about the beginning of the Treasury. Me is one of the this year the Prime Mister’s most resilient of politicians, but attitude had evidently mel­ his air of battered doggedness lowed. But the first notable has enabled him neither to indication that she had become command the Commons nor to receptive to Foreign Office cut an imposing figure on the advice came at the Conserva­ international stage. tive Party conference in Octob­ er. w hen she spoke of the need The need for for dialougue with the Soviet professionalism Uinion. No doubt he carries more Virtues of active weight with Mrs Thatcher than his immediate predecessor, Mr diplomacy Francis Pym, who neither This did not exactly conflict enjoyed a happy relationship with what she had said in with the Prime Minister nor Washington a fortnight before seemed well placed in that post. when receiving the Winston But by far the strongest of Mrs Churchill Foundation award. Thatcher’s Foreign Secretaries But the balance and tone of her has been Lord Carrington. He I Blackpool speech were very could persuade her to change different: and her Guildhall her mind, although usually speech a month ago, in which after long and bruising argu­ she anounced her intention to ment. But that was essentially a visit Hungary early next year, personal influence rather than was in keeping with the new that of a deDartment. style. Perhaps that may be what' It is an approach that we are seeing again. The accords precisely with Foreign softening of Mrs Thatcher’s Office thinking, with its belief attitude towards the FCO in the value of keeping open the became apparent shortly after lines of communication with the Sir Anthony Parsons became i East so as both to control the her special adviser on foreign rise of international tension affairs a year ago. Her ! and to create the conditions in acceptance of the case for a which a disarmament agree- dialogue with the East became 1 ment inight be negotiated. evident shortly after Sir Antho­ One is tempted to suggest ny wrote her a paper on that that Mrs Thatcher’s response,, theme a few months ago. to the invasion of Grenada also V In his new job Sir Anthony bore the mark of Foreign Office has been a valuable link influence. Certainly, it too was between the Prime Minister in line with the analyses of the and his former colleagues in FCO, which did not believe . the FCO. But he finally retires that the United States had ... at the end of the year. It will be sufficient justification for its a pity if the Foreign Office action on the basis of thfc... influence goes with him. The conduct of international affairs evidence then available either l ! in London or in Washington - requires professionalism, pro­ whatever may have been vided it is recognized that subsequently discovered about professionalism is not enough. the Cuban arms build-up on the One of Mrs Thatcher’s island. But this seems to have greatest qualities, in foreign policy been an instance where the as in other fields, is a Prime Minister and. the refusal to be deterred by odds Foreign Office came indepen-,, that would daunt most reason­ dcntly to the same conclusion. able. well-informed people. ! i

McMillan-Scott Associates Public Affairs

■U Whitehall LmdonSWlA 2HZ Telephone

I \ •u~ >«.;«!• »'ThArp i<; tin wav I

THE TIMES 13.12.83

go-between in

Falklands negotiations From Douglas Tweedale, Buenos Aires Portugal has offered to The Prime Minister added controls on Argentine business- transmit Argentina’s views on that the inauguration of Presi- es to halt the soaring inflation the Falkland Islands dispute to dent Alfonsin was “well rate. the British Government, Scnhor viewed” in West Europe and A thorough reform of the Mario Soares, the Prime Minis- would “facilitate a dialogue armed forces, promised by ter. revealed in Buenos Aires within the framework of the Senor Alfonsin during his It was the second West United Nations about the campaign, is also expected to be European nation to offer to problem of the Malvinas (Falk- among the first measures taken, intercede with Britain in search lands) Islands, Newspapers on Sunday re- lor a negotiated solution to the The French Prime Minister, ported that the Government Falklands problem; France M Pierre Maurory, hinted on had chosen General Mario made a similar proposal on Sunday that Paris might be Fernandez Torres as head of the Sunday. Signor Bettino Craxi, ready to shift its position on the Joint Chiefs of Staff, a move the Italian Prime Minister, who Falklands as part of its support which would drive many high- carried Mrs Thatcher’s Note for Argentina’s new democratic ranking generals into retire- congratulating the new Argen- Government. ment. tine Government, has also M Maurory told a press Government officials have offered to carry any return conference: “France never not confirmed these reports and messages. voted against Argentina in the said the names of military Schnor Soares made his offer United Nations, it only ab- appointees would be released during a private meeting with stained, and Alfonsin was not this week. President Raul Alfonsin two President when that occurred.” The Government’s purge is days after the new Argentine He also promised that France expected to be particular^ leader took office and put an would open a dialogue with the severe in the Army because it end to the military Government British to bring about nego- has not weeded out officers responsible for last year’s war in nations soon with Argentina in responsible for Argentina’s the South Atlantic. the Falklands. defeat in the Falklands war. “We are in a position to President Alfonsin’s Govern- President Alfonsin has also transmit Argentina’s opinions ment was expected to begin blamed senior military officers to the British Government and announcing its first measures for human rights abuses and the to point out the importance of after being inaugurated formally disappearance of up to 30.000 this change to democracy,” on Saturday. Officials at the people in a period of repression Sehnor Soares told reporters Economics Ministry said they which began as a fight against after meeting Senor Alfonsin. would impose indirect price left-wing guerrillas.

ii

McMiUan-Scott Associates Public Affairs 41 Whitehall Uindon SWlA 2BZ Telephone: 01-930 (>‘J35

j r \ ur»•«;/■!• «Th/»r/» ic nr> wav

I s p-g-s 3A.gs^3|g*S? $■& 3 Afl a §;as lil^pris s« 5 Daily Mail g w~°g »*s I«g° - - Kv 12th December sni (* A 1983 IliliSllilsSlillhif

* •■ !P5

•5jS Cw *<• . ^ h pfi |.2^gg-ssl=-.£g«5g=i pgg3 gsS S s a aOT §3.8 s °w g ^-olr o gS“^c^S£2°g5gc-gSE5|.».£'B- irmriiarliai^iiiii to © • <

IPa * jiff! Mill |H £ o :sf iiHsjjafajf spllj “1= U ;'i|=|!2»sllsslilsls l!» 1 h LU Iifi!«?l! IfflrillM X © 0 I- SlrtlPHslIdilfelHi

§.53g. SSoai” SSiSg 5«Ss« g UJ bio X 5 llli lli| Q s gin :«f mss cc f©D CD J I p!l .irj LLJ cc s 0 cs .tD : ^snisils "l2ii h s > ■Ssg°lff3S'S |g|ig'" o 15 “ 3 1- 1 I s IHISjas! Upl u CL z S £» H 0) £ z o ** ° T3 jxj £ *a £ C 0 Qj bJD r< ^ .5 bo m gif feia^o i2>>~ X ^ £ ,G $ aggfl gf| s ■2 ^Sw^-S ?-G| |^s aS| .5S £ a; .gg;~ |S-« £ d £3

i r \ \ TJyv cm'W* •' Thprp !<; tir> wav

Daily Mail 12th December 1983

Argentina: lew hope MRS THATCHER’S initiative, which apparently.. was all her own, in sending a message of congratulations to Argentina’s new President, Mr Raoul Alfonsin, on the restoration of democracy to his country is truly an inspired one. The timing has been brilliant and at one stroke may well have changed tire whole situation between our two countries from hostility to tentative friendliness. What Mrs Thatcher has perceived is that a possible negotiating position over the Falklands has now emerged which may not last and may not recur. —A new Argentina now has its first democratic Government for years.

Yet that Government faces awesome olive economic problems including 400 per cent, inflation and an enormous foreign debt. branch A settlement of the Falklands dispute would be an economic relief to both MRS THATCHER is pre­ our countries. pared to take another step towards healing the breach This is just the type of situation where with Argentina. American good offices might be en- Families of Argentina listed to persuade Argentina to end Servicemen killed in the hostilities and make it possible for South Atlantic conflict may soon be invited to visit thehr Anglo-Argentine talks to start. graves in the Falklands. Nobody pretends that even then a mutu­ This is in stark contrast to ally acceptable solution to our dispute the Government’s attitude will be easy — for as Mrs Thatcher earlier this year when an Argentine vessel with rela­ rightly insists there can be no sell-out tives on board was refused of our Falklands sovereignty — yet her permission to go anywhere timely and cordial message to Argen­ near the islands. It was turned back by a warship at tina’s new President may be seen by the edge of the exclusion future historians as its beginning. zone. - \ «;rf- "There is no way I Times 12 12 83 ,h"^,fV'£ ,<*?monMraled

underhning?« thetrswa anomalous stance adverse«,»-?MSsary. His protest desen^es • taken by the Department of Trade maximum support from the library , IndUK,tIT 5ver the ,mPort of and information community and we books published in Argentina. The urge that pressure on the Govern! history of this affair may be familiar ment should continue to your readers. Unlike other products from the In Apnl, 1982, the British Argentine, for which substitutes Government imposed a comprehen- be found from other countries in canthe s e ban on the import of all goods world, there is nothing that can be ° . Ar8,ent*n,ian .on8»n. The ban was substituted for books published in Fafund’i f° °Wing the end of the aund informadon emanating from’ Falklands campaign, to allow entry lhe Argentine. The stance taken bv of newspapers and periodicals and, lhc Department of Trade and SST y ailHd afte,iwide prolest Iaduslry’ in spite of its recognition initialed by an editorial comment in that unique considerations apply m The Times Literary Supplement, by books, imposes a measure of the extension of the relaxation to censorship which is contrary to this include books - provided that they country’s traditional attitude to the are not imported for resale. free transfer of information. Librarians and scholars may now Yours faithfullv order from booksellers in the naca U]!y’ . Argentine and are allowed to pay pSONi Chairman, those booksellers. No one may order Si?11,'11Itatiye Commutee a book published in the Argentine In£rmt?tin8cAs lb^the Institme of from a British bookseller, which is ^ocTali™" §cient|sts> the Library what nearly all non-s^edaiist ofS)”"''30(1 ,heSodely vtrhr:^and m0Sl scho,ars w°uld 7 Ridgmount Street, WCl visn io ao. December 5. \ Falklands sovereignty not on agenda, says Howe By Philip Webster, Political Reporter As Britain and Argentina Mrs Thatcher took the initiative conciliatory tone of recent alternatives . . . Yes, we would made the first significant moves in sending an inauguration government statements on provide the isalnders with towards the restoration of message to Senor Alfonsin. peaceful relations, the Govem- q, . Argentina, although she made guarantees as we have no wish ment rrnde Hear thot • S3Id: theT0ccasl0J to clear in it that sovereignty was to hurt them, and we would h was oreoa ed to t.Tk ,h. It inaL.ugural1,on’ 1 ™anled t0 not up for negotiation. look at the question of lease- P d o talk toA the et you know dlat> although we In what was seen as another back.” ablt ^n?n^iinUe^L -es have ““y differences^ we can important move the Govern- . Sir Geoffrey, in a BBC radio . plonta^tic, economic, all take pleasure in the resto- ment emphasized that a formal interview, said that Mrs ahnnr ,ssues’^ut n°t rationlof democracy in Argenti- declaration from Argentina that Thatcher’s message had been Falkhnd °VCr lhe J?3’ believing it will bring hostilities are over is no longer a part of the process of gradually Falkland Islands. freedom and justice to all your precondition of talks. restoring relationships with r7 Howe^ peop,e- Today bnngs new hope Dr David Owen, the Social Argentina. There were still real Prim|n\/f^e7Clary’ Said thr t0I?urc£un*ry' * Democrat leader and former differences, with painful mem- pnnriwin^l!1!?^messagc , T1?e President replied: “I Foreign Secretary, said last ories on both sides, and there Kl5Sa-Jrdayc° heDne-! thank,- yoV for your words night that thc Government were some issues, like sover- gentine President, Senor Raul regarding the reestablishment of appeared to have moved a good eignty, which it was not helpful ™as tended as a deal over the last few days to begin discussing, endly signal , the first step || towards a position of greater He suggested that the two mpav,ng th.c %Yay towards a V realism, but he was worried Governments could discuss the no^mal relationship. He over the refusal to negotiate question of visits by Argentine eicomed the response from ip1 about sovereignty. next-of-kin to war graves on the resident Alfonsin. j& He said that his former Falklands, and the return to but the corn.mung differ- c m political adviser. Mr David Argentina of the bodies of their cnees between the uvo Govern- Stephen, who attended the soldiers killed in the war. ments, and the difficulties that 1ip inauguration as guest of the —------lay ahead, were underlined jgggWw^ President, had detected a strong • a ^Ir Geoffrey firmly |J§|> wish among the new leaders to rejected suggestions by the new §» AC if gct the Falklands issue settled nlnni Cn jl° open the way to a quickly by negotiation, go lated settlement. The ForeiSn Secretary said Sir Geoffrey said that the fP*' there were strong economic and question of sovereignty, includ- WrnMf JUfJ developmental reasons for the P°SSibilily.0f a lcascbauk President Alfonsin: Reply airport project to proceed, solution was ‘not on the welcomed hv RriFHn In lhe interview in The agenda .y and described as y Observor, President Alfonsin unrealistic a possible freeze on democratic institutions in Ar- was reported as calling on Mrs the construction of the new gentina. I agree with your Thatcher to consider reducing airport at Port Stanley. Both appraisal of the existence of the exclusion zone around the Proposals were made by Senor differences between Argentina Falklands, and to freeze the Alfonsin in an interview in The and the United Kingdom, construction of the airport. Observer yesterday. Regarding this, it would be Stating his belief that nego- Politicians were, however, useful to remember an old tiations should eventually lead attaching much importance to English saying: ‘Where there’s a to the “recovery” of the islands, the first official exchanges will there’s a way.’ ” Senor Alfonsin was also re­ bel ween the two Governments In a further message to the ported as saying: “I think that since the conflict. Despite the Argentine Foreign Minister, we are resolved to study absence of diplomatic relations Mrs Thatcher emphasized the Continued on back page, col 8

McMiJIan-Scott Associates Public Affairs

11 W lull'll.ill I .iiihI'io S\\ !.'\ Jit/. I cli'phi in.- u|.'i <• i u‘i\ t 4 r \ He said: "There is no way that she can expect the leader of a newly-elected government ; to use a form' of words that have FALKLAND, Mrs THATCHER ' never been used by his country before.” He also understood from a reliable source in Buenos Aires CALL FOR that the new Argentinian gov­ READY TO HEAL ernment was facing such economic problems after the Falklands war that it badly CHANGES wanted to have restored links (with Britain. By ROBIN GEDYE FALKLAND RIFT Ministers were encouraged CONSTITUTIONAL by President Alfonsin’s reply A committee in Port Bv JAMES U IGHTMAS Political Correspondent S’an’k yoJfo^yoSr wor^about Stanley has sent proposals to London which, if A N unexpected message of goodwill from j A?*£t£i adopted, would imply that the Falklands would Mrs Thatcher to President Alfonsin, ’ remain a Crown Colony Argentina’s new leader, signalled a Willing- differences between Argentina with a British Governor or by Britain to take a step-by-step an.« tary, last night called on Mrs Thatcher to drop her insistence that she would not talk about sovereignty.

McMillan-Scott Associates Public Affairs

•II Whitehall I.iunion S\V|.\ 2\\V. U-l.:ph«.n,* !».<».<*nfj.Vi I

BRITAIN is ready to return the bodies of Argentina’s war dead Howe in peace move as a gesture of good­ will over the Falk- ness of grieving relatives. to the country’s new lands. They would also be democratically elected allowed to visit graves on government. Scores of A r g y th* Falklands, Foreign Sir Geoffrey’s offer, soldiers some still Secretary Sir Geoffrey made via the Swiss, is the unidentified — lie in Howe said yesterday. first top-level contact graves on the Islands. It is yet another indica­ between the two countries By shipping them home tion that tihe Government since the bloody Falklands under Red Cross super­ wants an early thaw in war last year. vision. Britain would relations with Argentina. America has already remove one of the Premier M a r garet recognised the new regime obstacles to Ja future Thatcher has already sent of President Raul Alfonsin . . . new leader peace deal — the bitter- personal congratulations Alfonsin. Offered

Now Vice-President George Bush has offered to act as go-between in negotiations between the UK and Buenos Aires. Last night Mr Bush praised President Alfon­ sin as a champion of the rule of law. He urged other Latin American countries to mom, 1 follow Argentina's ex­ ample In returning to democracy. Mr Bush stressed during zz private talks with Mr Allonsin that the U.S. m wanted good relations I with Argentina. Relations become tense I THE PRIME Minister Is absolutely | after the Reagan admin­ istration sided openly fight to make her friendly gesture | with Britain over the Falklands. ' towards the new Argentine regime. Graves = 1 J5rtgeneral3 wRVenL*° deaths rf Sir Geoffrey promised that the bodies 1, The Sun Says—Paqe 6 1 !~nt KyoVn? ™en *“kr, S I of hundreds of Argentine soldiers in 1 are now back m then- banacks facing , graveg Qn the jslancf C£m be sent home. | E a richly-deserved court martial. _E This at a stroke will remove one e •the new Government was elected at | S0Uj-ce of bitterness among bereaved e the ballot box which means theie is a ^ families in Argentina. E tnurUCA that our two countries can inch j R ^ ^ (Q be confident__South e FaTkldHa negotiated settlement f01 the I American generals have a nasty habit § And"" certainly no one can doubt | o/ coming onto] their barracks again. | Britain’s goodwill after the offer by = But of one thing we can besure.The ^ Foreign Secretary Sir Geoffrey Howe § Argies will try jaw jaw and not war g yesterday. = war this time. = E

McMillan-Scott Associates Public Affairs

II W’lnifh.ill l.i»n»l'inS\V'IA 2H/. Mephuiv ul-'i

-J I Times 12 12 83

Democracy back in Buenos Aires after eight years of military rule

/Argentines dance in the streets From Douglas Tweedale Buenos Aires Jubilant Argentines danced the night away in the streets of Buenos Aires to celebrate the inauguration of President Raul Alfonsin on Saturday, and with it the end of nearly eight years of harsh and unpopular military rule. Sefior Alfonsin took over from the outgoing military President, General Reynaldo Bignone, on Saturday morning and promised a crowd of 100,000 cheering supporters that “we are beginning 100 years of freedom, peace and democracy”. The winner of General elections on October 30, Presi­ dent Alfonsin was sworn in by the National Congress in a ceremony attended by dozens of foreign dignitaries. In a speech setting out the aims of his Government, he promised Congress that “public immor-. ality has ended. We will be a decent Government.” The inauguration took place in a festive atmosphere that had been growing as the last days of Faces in the crowd: Two former Presidents of Argentina, Senora Isabel Peron and Senor the military Government ran Arturo Frondizi, at the inauguration of President Alfonsin in Buenos Aires. out. The new President’s Radi­ cal Party organized street parties on Saturday night which RAULALFONSIN: VIPs turn spotlight on lasted into the early hours. THE MAKING OF Senor Alfonsin is a slightly A PRESIDENT left-of-centre politician who Central America captured the imagination of From Our Own Correspondent, Buenos Aires Born Chascomus, Buenos Aires Argentine voters with his province, 1926. Mother of British honest and dynamic image, and Heads of state and diplomats among themselves and with the descent. Married, six children, his campaign pledges to bring at President Alfonsin’s new Argentine government. Educated at military secondary the military under civilian lnsucuration at ihp wppkpnd a j u school. Lsw Qr3du3t0 from control. On Saturday he committed the Central American crisis. junta^facarasss coordinator, Commander smallrarsaafa paper in Chascomus, .El his government, among other Six Lantin American leaders, £)aneji Ortega, apparently did Impartial. things, to far-reaching reform of tour European prime ministers not malerialize, but the former Municipal councillor, Chascomus, the armed forces, and a thorough investigation of Bush were among the dozens of Spanish'Wme^SisterJto imprisoned by Peronist Govern- human rights abuses, including digmtanes invited to the cere- Hinlnmatic solutions to ment, 1953. more than 7,000 “disappearanc­ es” which occurred during the military regime. He also said he Elsis Salvador as& they “did5 s-*»-Senor Gonzalez was hosting a aafHiTElected deputy in Nat g would arrange repayment of Al"nplf C • dinner at the Spanish Embassy pouncjed Renovation and Change Argentina’s $40bn (£27.6bn) Pnir1 ?U0IS fron^ , Sp?^n’ last night, which some diplo- Party after military campaign, 1966, foreign debt “so long as it does Portugal, Peru, Colombia, mats said would be an ampli- seekjng presidential nomination, not interfere with develop­ Venezuela and the United fled version of the Contadora 1972. ment”, and reduce the annual States were the most active, group although the Spanish Elected President of Argentina, inflation rate of about 450 per quietly arranging meetings leader denied this. 1983. cent.

McMiUan-Scott Associates Public Affairs

41 Whitehall London SWlA 2BZ Telephone: 01-930 M35 \

Falklands amazed

Guardian 12 12 83 by British move „ , T.hn FMra ities with you. The two things By John Ezard ^ not compatible. It amazes The Falklands’ official repre- me It is Upsetting to have to sentative in London, Mr ^nd ou^ about these things Adrian Monk, said last night from the newspapers. It’s very that he was astounded by the bad that we have not been in- British Government’s decision forme(j 0r consulted.” to abandon its demand for a in port Stanley Mr John formal ceasefire declaration by Qheek, a councillor who has Argentina. several times represented the The move was confirmed yes- Falklands at the United terday by Downing Street, Nations, said: “I am surprised which said the demand was no and disappointed that they did longer a precondition of talks not think to advise us about with the Alfonsin Government, this. Presumably they are It came as a surprise both to accepting a de facto cessation Mr Monk.—whose headquarters 0f hostilities. _ .. . are onlv half-a-mile from the “if Argentina and Britain Foreign Office—and to elected can return to normality, i members of the Falklands Gov- would be happy with that. But eminent. I would be interested to know *• This really astounds me,” what they are thinking of talk Mr Monk said. “ I can’t see ing about. I am happy to hear vnn ran have friendly that they have excluded talk- talks ywith someone who is ing about leaseback and sover- mainlaining a state of hostil- eignty. -

N

Thatcher moves closer to

renewal of Argentine links BY OUR FOREIGN AND POLITICAL STAFF Financial Times -THE EXCHANGE ot messages the AUonsin Govemmem will ^Wgrted-1the^wo^ountrles 12 12 83 at the weekend between Mrs be more lesponsne to British anv time since the Falk- E’srarcsa szassssra - S’J h...

maywawsa. soon be restored.’ ac sssissir Geoffrey— did* ”not reject g&yss. of diplomatic&. a relationsas Sir Geoffrey Howe, the ^ lwo points advanced by du* ing lhe Falklands war. Foreign Secretary, said on BBC presidenj_ Alfonsin in a news- The y s Government has radio yesterday that the matter paper intei*view as conditions repeated its offer to mediate Vr0UtdfPw Tvf buf Whitehall for a formal cessation of hostili- between London and Buenos next few days but Whitehall ties; reducti0n of the 150-mile Aires Mr George Bush, the U.S. officials insisted there h exclusion zone around the Falk- Vice president, met President ™ out any lands> and a freeze on bu.ildinf Alfonsin privately on Saturday Falklands the new Port Stanley airport. and said later he had expressed negotiation over I anmna fiut he pointed out that Britain - our willingness to be helpful.” sovereignty, P ange. wouid have great difficulty stop- Washington is understood to context of a le ping tbe airport because it was have offered to try to persuade ThatchPr’s congratula- needed for economic and com- U-S. banks to adopt a flexible to President Alfonsin on mercial reasons. attitude when $17bn (£11.8bn) his inauguration were intended Mrs Thatcher’s initiative in of Argenina’s $40bn foreign debt h more than a friendly ges- sending the message is under- comes up for negotiation next as no tm*p it was stressed Nothing stood to have stemmed from a year. was on Offer to the new regimf meeting between the Argentine In return, the U.S. has been ss™ == ' j *

The belief in Whitehall, un-- xs.Aires described Mrs Thatcher.. s sasssnuclear programmearras for military derlined by Sir Geoffrey, is that message as “ a drop of gold ’

i i; McMillan-Scott Associates Public Affairs

41 Whitehall London SWlA 2BZ Telephone: »1-‘J30WLLS> \ Daily Mail 12 12 83 73 Cd 73 O o Cd eft 0> 0) P* Pt) 2ISES

eft PD

73 ed

cd liHIIllwIIKlllll : -■8-SI’Sagi.aa |a.S«|^|Ss l«glpf wrt'g-ugm'S.gSi Ss«“o js cd 5|^So>^;:s Jossig# 8 T3^o0-g)S ^Sfl S g gS £■**§, i&*S “

McMillan-Scott Associates Public Affairs

■il Whiu-hall I .• HH 1« >n S\V IA 2.HX llk-ph. »iv ni.'/uib'i.V* I \

Daily Exoress 12 12 83

Winning

fit© peace ly/TRS THATCHER’S handling of the “ normalisation ” of Anglo - Argentinian relations is good to see, for it has the sure, confident touch of her management of the crisis that made it necessary in the first place. ~\ The sending of congratulations to Senor Alfonsin, the newly installed civilian President of Argentina, was a shrewd, conciliatory, and generous gesture. It shows that she recognises the significance for the Falklanders, for Britain, and, not least, for the Argentinian people, of the return to democratic government in Buenos Aires. Such a Government, almost certainly, would not have launched that foolish attack on the Falklands. And such a Government now is just as unlikely to do so. This is why it seems that Whitehall now acknowledges that Buenos Aires does agree that hostilities have ceased in the South Atlantic, despite the lack of an official Argentinian declaration. Nevertheless, we are still maintaining our First step to guard. In backing British participation in the financial rescue of Argentina, Mrs Thatcher Falklands has already shown that she always knew C our two countries would have to put the peace deal Falklands War behind them. The humiliating drumming out of the By JOHN WARDEN junta has been a major factor in making SIR GEOFFREY HOWE this process happen sooner rather than later. yesterday described Britain’s olive branch to The election of Sr Alfonsin, one of the Argentina as 4‘ a friendly few politicians brave enough to criticise the signal.” invasion publicly at the time, helps it along The Foreign Secretary said even more. Mrs Thatcher's surprise mes­ sage to the new Argentine Mrs Thatcher is giving nothing away : president was “ the first step She is not encouraging the President to to a more normal relation­ ship.” entertain any false hopes over the issue of “ sovereignty.” OPINION : PAGE 8 What she has done, this apart, is to But Sir Geoffrey declared indicate to him that however fast or slow firmly that sovereignty of the he now wants “ normalisation ” to proceed, islands or a lease-back deal could not be discussed. she will accommodate him. And he denied that the She is playing her cards extremely well; “ Fortress Falklands ” policy was being scaled down. with great sensitivity and alertness. Diplomatic and trade links Foreign Office mandarins should watch— 4 re now expected to be resumed. and learn.

McMillan-Scoft Associates Public Affairs

II W litit’h.id I .■ •lutiii IA 211/ l Hrphi »n« ■ ii|-'I<"U,i V I

Daily Mirror 12 12 83

"HKUt breakthrough could pave A FALKLANDS war hero lhc way t0 the restora* begged Premier Margaret ' tion of diplomatic rela­ Thatcher yesterday not g tions between the two to sell out to Argentina. 1$ countries. Para Lance-corporal f aJ| Corporal Conmck, who Denzil Connick, who lost i §|§P|§ was injured the day a leg in the conflict, said. ^ iHpl before the ceasefire, said: “Good men died out | Wm "It is obvious that we there. have to come to some “To ive away the sort of arrangement with Falklands would be to IlSi the Argentines. mock their deaths.” “But if we merely give His plea came after INJURED: CpI Connick away the islands we will clear signs of a thaw in message to the country's . be. laughing stock Britain’s relationship new president, Raoul "I do not feel bitter with Argentina. Alfonsin, and he about losing a leg, but I On Saturday Mrs. responded warmly. would be if I felt it was Thatcher sent a goodwill Now the weekend all for nothing.

l

I

S§gf ■Sf would be welcome to A BRITISH ambassador could be By DAVID BUCHAN visit the Falklands to see Argentinian graves. back in Buenos Aires soon for the Political Editor But he said it would first time since the Falklands war. be “premature” to talk 'Where there's a will of a peace settlement And there were fresh hopes last night there’s a way’.” involving the eventual of diplomatic talks with Argentina leading Foreign Secretary Sir withdrawal of British to a permanent Geoffrey Howe backed troops. solution of the South up the Prime Minister’s He commented : goodwill message with GLUE-KIT Atlantic issue. an offer to return the "There is a will to begin bodies of Argentina’s taking some of the steps The optimism fol- war dead. towards restoring normal BROTHERS lows a remarkable exchange of letters He also said relatives relationships.’’ between Mrs Thatcher IN COURT and the newly-elected TWO shopkeeper head of government in brothers are to appear Buenos Aires, R a u i in court today accused Alfonsin. of selling glue-sniffing kits to children. Message The trial, which will Quite out of the blue, make legal history, Mrs. Thatcher sent Mr. follows an appeal court Alfonsin a mesage of ruling last month that congratulation as he such sales were a crime was sworn in as in Scotland. president to succeed Khaliq Raja. 23, and the military junta at his brotheri Ahmed, 28. the weekend. of Bolton Drive, Mount Florida, Glasgow, are It said: "Although we alleged to have sold have many differences, solvents, along with we can all take pleasure containers like plastic in the restoration of bags and crisD packets, democracy to Argentina, to 18 children. believing that ■ it will The two will also be bring freedom and charged at Glasgow justice to all our people.'' High Court . with Mr. Alfonsin sent a receiving stolen goods message back which from youngsters in read: "In the words of exchange for solvents. the English proverb

McMillan-Scott Associates Public Affairs

II Wl.m-hall LomlnnSWlAiH/ lMvp** iU*1 I ceded, was probably unprece­ Continued from page one dented between the heads of ‘Fortress Falklands’ intact after government of two countries “I am willing to enter into still formally held to be at talks. We want good commer­ war. It was this which led cial relations, good diplomatic some Sunday newspapers to relations. We want normal re­ letter to Argentina’s president conclude that peace and recon- lations. But I am not entering cilliation were now the order into talks about sovereignty.” of the day. Last night Dr Owen, a former It became clear yesterday foreign secretary, made it clear that this was not the* message that he is worried that Mrs Mrs Thatcher wanted her letter Thatcher’s intransigence about to convey. even discussing the sovereignty Besides ruling out the issue issue could destroy the hopes Thatcher of sovereignty, Government of a long term settlement spokesmen were at some pains offered by the accession of to take the glitter 'even out of President Alfonsin. the letter to President Alfon­ : He said that he had had a sin, and insisted that it was in-, lengthy telephone conversation tended to be no more than a ! yesterday afternoon with his conventional gesture. former adviser, Mr David sticks to Moreover, they claimed that Stevens, who had attended the the withdrawal of insistence on inauguration of President a formal ending to hostilities Alfonsin, as possibly the only was not new. It has not been Briton to be invited as a guest. | regarded as a precondition of Mr Stevens had told him that I talks for something like two the new regime was des­ sovereign months. perately anxious to normalise But officials were unable to 1 its foreign relations as a preli­ provide a specific date on minary to tackling its gigantic which the change of policy domestic problems. became known, although there are references to the import­ This, he said, would involve ance attached to such a declar­ settling differences with Chile stance ation as recently as last week as well as with Britain, and Baroness Young alluded to it in a House of Lords debate the new regime was anxious to By Ian Aitken in London read any special significance last Tuesday, and Mrs Thatcher begin talks as quickly as pos­ and Andrew Graham-Yooll into Mrs Thatcher’s congratula- mentioned it in a letter to Dr sible. in Buenos Aires lory note. David Owen, leader of the Dr Owen conceded that it “ It has to be seen as a mes- Social Democrats. was now evident that the ] , The, British...... Government of goodwill, and nothing Besides vigorous Whitehall I Prime Minister had moved has dropped its insistence else. Now we have to see how counter-briefing, the Prime Min-1 “ light years ” in her attitude on a formal end to Anglo- to build on the fact that it is a ister authorised her Foreign I to Argentina and the Falklands Argentinian hostilities in the new government, that wants Secretary, Sir Geoffrey Howe. | in the past few weeks. Falklands as a precondition negotiations, not war,” an offi- to go on the radio to put the for talks with the new , . , . message straight, regime in Buenos Aires. But n u , * trouble is that the Bri- Characteristically, Sir Geof- _am Whitehall yesterday was y ,u s,° arro?ant tbey prob' frey ,nade ]t clear that the miick to damopn snpculation fu y Vhin^ rwe .have lo thank Goverment had nothing specta- itlof LdaffrtnfSpeCU v lhem /or defea,inS general Gal- cular in mind, insisting that its hat the Fortress talk- uen, he added. real policy was "to And means lands policy had been President Alfonsin, in his of restoring relations gradu- abandoned, and insisted that reply to Mrs Thatcher did not ally, step by step.” Mrs Britain’s continuing sover- refer to the islands, and Thatcher's letter had been part eignty over the islands could ™*LreIy agreed that “ there are of that policy, no more and no not be negotiated differences between us.” But if less. ^ ° there was a readiness to talk Not even President Alfon- _ Jil - yesterday after contacts might be resumed, sin's strikingly cordial reply to a day 1T} which the entire Gov- Foreign Ministry officials said the Prime Minister, in which ernment information machine Mrs Thatcher's letter, deli- he declared that “ where r threw itself into reverse in an vered by the neutral Swiss, there's a will there’s a way,” almost comic attempt to end stopped a long way short of a persuaded Sir Geoffrey to alter weekend speculation based on reconcilliation. But as well as his cautious tone. lonalC^mI«,af0ncC|li.at°Ky ?fr‘ 5c£nowledSin? lhe continuing Sir Geoffrey’s flat and unqua- Thaflhi^ tn Pr t?ntf A’Tr M differences between London lified exclusion of the sover- Thatcher lo President Alfonsin and Buenos Aires, the Prime eignty issue seems likelv to eroNpH1 rni,|rUra/10An 35 fifrSt MinIi.Jt?r1 addcd that everyone cancel out most of the impact of Argentina for cou,d take Pleasure in the res- of Britain’s decision to drop Dr David Owen : Feared Tn . ^cation of democracy to the longstanding demand for a PM’s intransigence a ifnnei ,en°^ *^res President Argentina. formal declaration from Argcn- aides , Reflated The move, Whitehall con- tina that hostilitites are now at expectations by refusing to an end. But in case it had not been fully understood in THE French Prime Minister, Buenos Aires, Mrs Thatcher Pierre Mauroy, said last night herself repeated it in a second that France would do every­ message sent over the weekend thing it could to bring Argen­ to the Argentinian Foreign tina and Britain to the nego­ Minister, Mr Dante Capulo. tiating table. He said in The message drew attention Buenos Aires that a change to the fact that Mrs Thatcher had occurred in Argentina, had made a number of com­ which would undoubtedly ments welcoming the Argen­ influence France’s position on ' tine elections, and provided the Falklands issue in inter­ chapter and verse from them. national forums, including at But the quoted passages in­ the United Nations. cluded this paragraph from the Argentina does not want US Prime Minister’s oft-quoted in­ firms, -page 7; Never afraid terview with Sir David English again, page 17; Falkland in the Daily Mail last month : representative amazed, back Turn to back page, col. 6 page.

Guardian 12 12 83 McMlllan-Scott Associates Public Affairs 41 Whitehall London SWIA 2BZ Telephone 01-030 W35 1 I

Mail on Sunday 11th December 1983

Argentina is ready to talk

f

a British newspaper interview, MRS THATCHER last President Alfonsin called on By PETER SIMMONDS Britain to reduce the 150-mile night extended an exclusion zone around the Falk- and DAVID ROSE lands and to freeze construction of olive branch to the new airport at Port Stanley. Argentina, which He implied that the basis of any tina’s new President Raul future deal would be a leaseback of promptly offered one Alfonsin on his installation. the islands by the British after And Whitehall dropped its insis­ Argentine sovereignty is recognised. back in exchange. But this is totally unacceptable tence that Argentina should for­ to Mrs Thatcher, the Government ! Just 16 months after mally announce an end to hostil­ and Parliament. Having sent a the Task Force expelled ities as a precondition to talks. Task Force to defend the islanders’ President Alfonsin’s response was right to choose their own govern­ I the Argentinian invaders swift. While acknowledging that ment, Mrs Thatcher is unwilling to * from the Falkland Is­ ‘many differences’ divided the two countries, he reminded Mrs see that right negotiated away. lands, both governments However, the fact that both Thatcher of an old English prov­ countries are signalling readiness signalled that they were erb: ‘Where there is a will there is to talk again is itself highly ready to start talking a way.’ significant. The exchange of messages paves Mrs Thatcher is prepared to again. the way for a new chapter in begin talks whenever and wherever Mrs Thatcher made her relations between the two coun­ Argentina wants — possibly in the tries. But formidable problems United Nations or even with a dramatic gesture by sending a remain. personal massage to Argen- These were highlighted when, in Turn to Page 2, Col 3

Cont... J \

Cont.. Mail on Sunday 11th December 1983

Next move up to Argentina From Page One Argentina/ believing it will useful to remember an old fhird country, such as America bring freedom and justice to English proverb: Where there or Switzerland, in the chair. all your people. Today brings is a will there is a way.' Her message to President new hope to your country' Mrs Thatcher's message is Alfonsin, handed over by the The President replied: 'I quite unprecedented. Such a Swiss because Britain has thank you for your expressions courtesy is accepted diplomatic broken oft diplomatic relations, concerning the re-establish- practice, but in this case it was said: ment of democratic institutions sent to a country which main­ ’On the occasion of your in Argentina. I agree with your tains a state of warlike hostil- inauguration I wanted to let assessment concerning the ities to Britain. you know that although we existence of differences be- The Prime Minister now tween have many differences, we can Argentina and the believes the diplomatic ball is all take pleasure in the restor­ United Kingdom. firmly back in the Argentinian a t i o n er democracy to ‘In this respect it may be court.

J p I S Telegraph ll 12 83

Settlers’ dreams of life

in Falklands fade

TTOUSING shortages and By DAVID BROWN inshore fishing industry with IX long administrative guaranteed catches which are delays have disappointed problems there are with now being plundered by more hundreds of would-be emi- accommodation. Then there is t,ian 100 East European, grants to the Falkland the low civilian population of Japanese, Spanish and Israeli Islands. The civilian popu­ the island which now stands fishing boats. lation has increased by al ab°ut 1.800. There are worries that the only 65 since the end of 011,7 400 people live in Port islands are losing ideal hostilities with Argentina Stanley, the capital. Although settlers who are tired of in June last vear in spite W€. Ilc,ed uskilled carpenters delays. The biggest single P0,jp i° w^hattTo lo^arptmtere disappointment so far is the esse of Mr Colin Dow, a re­ ] e v i v e the islands on our books. We cannot find dundant farm manager who economy. a place for ail. lived with his wife and The islands offices in London “We have been going through three children near Wind­ have a big back-log of appli- a period of rehabilitation sor. cations. Some were made after the conflict with As reported in the Sunday more than nine months ago. Argentina. In the medium Telegraph in May, they Many Britons have lost their and long term we believe wanted to set up a 200-acre initial enthusiasm and have there will be great scope in vegetable farm, Mr Dow's decided not to go. the Falklands. experience of harsh condi­ ! Applicants range from un- Many applicants have been tions on Scottish islands employed people in Britain attracted by the decision of made him a prime candi­ to rich widows and divorcees Coalite, the British company date. But after months of from America. Others in­ which owns most of the land talks and despite being clude Hong Kong Chinese in the Falklands, to sell off offered a job as well, he and families from India wish­ plots to individuals wishing changed his mind at the ing to set up a small business to start small farms. last minute. ( including take-away curry A spokesman for Coalite said : restaurants and laundries. Fishing limt sought “ We were so sure that the Mr Adrian Monk, London rep- But Government officials stress Dows would make a real resentative of the Falkland that the purchasers would go of things over there that Islands Government, said: still need another source of we went out of our way to “ We have been embarrassed income to survive. Most land help them. by the number of applica­ on the Falklands is of poor “ We organised a plane ticket tions. We have never adver­ quality and fit only for for Mr Dow but he did not tised. They have been attrac­ sheep farming. turn up for the flight. We ted by the publicity about The Falkland Islands Develop- have tried to trace the the islands. ment Corporation has been family but they have moved “ We have limited resources set up to encourage local on- and. although we try, we industries. The islanders are a relative of Mr Dow said : cannot keep in touch with pressing the British Govern­ “ He wanted to go to the each one of them monthlj\ ment to set up a protective Falklands since he was a It may be that half the fishing limit of up to 200 teenager. I am surprised he people who have applied now miles around the islands. has not gone. But the family I no longer want to go. That would enable the Falk- will be pleased that he has “ People don’t realise the landers to benefit from an decided to stay in Britain.”

i !

McMiilan-Scott Associates Public Affairs

•II VVItm-hull l.iHulotrSWlA 21V/. Ii-Lphnn, • 11 M*ii*| VS J \

S Express 11 12 83

"Be S g s S « •3 fiaja M £> o a>pq lifiii! mm

S*

DC -M 1** SlSg .SgEr?i.s galfl^Slll&i g -as «is! Ill i'l l H ^ I^IPjsftrs 0 S I s VfgfggsSggS: »“ 4J T3 -I w o £ ra C *-£ a) o> o c bjO ^ as a) «5‘ < bfl r/> > ^ X o ^ a) -t3 Jh ® ««! a ^ cd ill p ’"O _• .—„< -p> DC -3 « J w p; c« 5 Jh -rt^J t a||^sa s 11 Ilf.S ■“ '■§,§ § ® -S &y.SSoW o , -r* -»j X ^ tc„H o

p O .

hi IMS na«*iCO o.l w «iSfi? M min sis f-< U 0) ca -g ^-g-gS* rs *u$2 ^2CH ■S|g^o'g sJ* IgfSlliS |n:i £Sl*st# S|al.6s| o !§*§a> |«H !|| ££■§ - °li| o°sl-^1 |<|ss'a ^l;|g|IrS£“^./” •£ pill smt»r«M*JU psi«g§ir l*n mi hi - i.sqei ipjhs:|^! giiis 5°1&° !. a .. I s cjopeijw^o° - ' Pii o M B3_„|S'*BsS U . t » si jjrVis-ii r< i mmiyt

McMillan-Scott Associates Public Affairs

•II WhiK-hiill brndonSW1A 21V/. IVIcphom- i»l-‘l.V»i^.Vt J 40 THE OBSERVER, SUNDAY 11 DECEMBER 1983

Falklands bridge too far elected Argentine President Bever mentioned any Argentine p iMg J T I yesterday5 the gMf Bp"/# %U”^claim. At that, an Argentine raikJand Islands are all set to said that jf jie jia(j known that retiirn to the centre of British JL the Foreign Office official had politics. What are the next steps I h 1 [g9 frl/ilw S been interested in school-books m the Falklands? Are the I I II J) | aW*™ H SB II 1 he would have lent him the ones islands to go on being turned 1 be had had, because they had into a fortress, the present Hatch fnr 1 oKn„ w 7------7“------77 ~-----£££j certainly featured the claim. Thatcher policy? Or will Mrs Ogden 20 years a [ohm1 up th-e!f mut^ |are wells, but not Nor was there any agreement Thatcher now want or dare to for theSDP) the bour MP’ WJthout effort. Almost every- about the cost of the Fortress make a move towards solving in the UK of rhF JT^ °ne’ 1 ,udged’ ffh lrritated or Falklands policy. A university the problem ? & Government Falklands worse as a result of the day’s lecturer in war studies, or peace In search of enlightenment dons who snprfJf3 ■ British exchanges. studies as they are now known, about the state of informed America a m i^^ b was of course to be expec- had provisionally calculated the opinion on these questions I man rh^nrm? pxt C ergy7 ted that there should be sharp true cost at £6 billion to the end attended, a few days ao0 5 a Endurance trn CfpAtain of disagreement about Argentine of 1987. This is far higher than small conference on '* Falkland tines _ 'a bWUP,ArSen_ and British claims to sove- the official sum. The Falklands Futures ’ held at the Common- iournalUr o ptiolisher, a reignty over the islands, but the Elands spokesman Mi­ wealth Institute in London aradem.v 5 ^yer’ an disagreement took polemical Adrian Monk, who has allowed The participants were not pari unS who W”" fo™-The whole subject is still me to quote him— said : c We ocularly high-powered -no Gently surrounded by c:„con- hear, theseT figures bandied policy-makers were on hand— Canadian oL, r S f°r /,he fusion- The first speaker of the about • 1 don’t believe a word of but they surely reflected acc- equivalent^nf rh^ xnrfSS £he day>a polytechnic don, said that them ; His own way of express- urately the opinions and interested °uher Mr Cecil Parkinson’s cele- !n8 ^ cost of keeping the pressures in the world outside. British TourSk ’ 31 ‘ ree brated description, at the height islands British was that it I went in a spirit of optimism, The? • of the crisis, of Britain’s claim as worked out’ or the average UK based on the simple notion «Chathamwaspnvate and ‘rock solid’ was much too two bottles of gin Cover-simple, as it turned out) applied which rU,£s confide"t. The claim was and 2001 cigarettes a year, that because the present for- iifnrmai,^ h c!? means that ‘grey’at best Are tbe islands of any stra­ tified status quo suits nobody repoiTed but2"^ ar^Hh ? h be Then an ex-Foreign Office ,n}PortanceAgain, the derT1 who" donm lil^ bem^a" decTto lpcakers'a ^viceimen? B “feh^EmSsrilT1 Buenw **ck™ **?M*h*y were/and Fa,klands spokesman Adrian Monk : ‘ Two bottles of gin and 200 cigarettes to keep the islands British.’ fortress—everybody would-be did ncoilrage lankness. It Aires, said that the ‘ very odd ’ £thers said they weren’t. A looking for compromises Af0 an , Argentine claim had heen Knt,sh don quoted a govern- country was invaded, my floated a scheme for a condomi contacts both with the Italian peace studies man instanced the Others I think u' At 9.30 a.m. when we kicked ‘ invented’h,r\ pP a mem spokesman in the House People subjugated. I say this as glim: S°v^ment of the and the French Governments, supply of new frigates from alona in the same S\T 2fVheumood seemed friendly. of Lords as saying, recently, a man of the cloth, a man of W/klands joiH^ by the Orga­ Pressure on Britain will thus be West Germany, partly equip- hopelul frame of mind Ahb y ?,ght hours ,ater’ the three cussed the H irnse J p d-ls“ that despite official hopes only peace.’ This intervention was nisation of American States and felt, in the form of diminishing ped by such British firms as 60 peoplewere nre^en? ' d,^n C! gr0Ups that had omer- whohadaLf ^ ^ f 5 29 people had emigrated to the not well received by the Argen- ing\hrJe^pohticL H id"nr" f d~the Falklands group, the He also sa1d h weaknesS. Falklands since the end of the tines. ‘ The Falkland islanders the Commonwealth. Such an support in the EEC. Then, of Rolls Royce, Hawker Siddeley arrangement, he said, would course, there is the expense, and David Brown. The Argen- f thT Conservatih Arg“s, and those in the Argendne war, while 35 had left. A reject every possible solution,’ the Conservatives, Lord middle-were being polite in none^ them K^n had Falkland Islands spokesman said the Argentine lawyer. remove the danger of another referred to even by a Conser- tine Air Force, he said, lost 74 invasion and get rid of compet­ vative representative as 1 enor- aircraft during the war and had said these figures were ‘ erro­ References were made by the ing forms of nationalism. It mous ’ It will be the policy of acquired 107 since it stopped neous.’ There had been a net Falklands group to Argentine would also save Britain a lot of the new Argentine Govern- ‘"eluding troop carriers and increase, not a decrease. brutality. The blanket nature of " ;f ore no helicopters. Three aircraft money. Nobody wanted to ment.5 .1 1 u t were being converted for anti­ Once or twice, the discussion these remarks especially discuss this idea, though, and negotiations, we were told, to submarine work He described became embarrassingly acrimo­ annoyed the Argentines, since the Canadian’s last word at the try to make the expense as high ^ ^ as a . rather impressive nious. An Argentine outlined they too had opposed the close of play was about the as possible, in order to move rearmament process.’ the kind of settlement he savagery of the Junta. ‘They ‘ destructiveness of the British public opinion against Meanwhlle, he said, the thought the new Alfonsin lump us all in the same bag,’ exchanges. the Fortress Falklands policy R j Navy is keeping about Government would be looking said one. Another Argentine Sitting through the con­ A Latin American expert, Qne 0f its modern ships for and the guarantees it would tried to build a bridge by saying ference, I had one clear British, added that the new ^Qwn tkerC5 which does not be prepared to give. In reply, from the platform that what the impression: that the pressures Argentine Government would NATO the ex-Foreign Office man said islanders objected to about the on the Thatcher Government to quickly be able to reassemble f that ‘ listening to Mr X, I was invasion force was exactly what modify its public stance So, with Sr Alfonsin app­ are Argentina’s natural con­ arently ready to talk, and the beginning to think that we the majority of Argentine cit- bound to grow. stituency in Latin America that might have lost the war. ’ izens objected to also. That was Falkland Islanders, as the con­ No better or more conciliat­ the Junta had thrown away, for ference showed, highly sus­ There was another bad why they had voted overwhel- ory man than Sr Alfonsin is instance in Mexico. The same moment when the Falklands mingly for Sr Alfonsin, whose picious of any talks at all, a test likely to become Argentina’s man spoke of a threat to of Mrs Thatcher’s statesman­ cleric referred to ‘ racial ’ dif- record in opposing the Junta, Antarctica if head of Government, the most arrangements tn ship is at hand. ferences between the islanders and the invasion, was so strong, knowledgeable people at the there was no movement over and the Argentines. He added rhe bridge, however, remained conference agreed. The USA the Falklands. TV and RADIO that it would be 25 years before unbuilt. will shortly resume arms sales Then there is the modernisa­ anything could begin to happen The Canadian trade unionist, to Argentina. The new Argen­ tion of the Argentine armed page 48 to heal the wounds of war: ‘ My a professional conciliator, tine Government has good forces, already under way. Ihe I

s Times 11 12 83

.52 aiss^s-s-s-; sj&ii ■*=<2 a? gs £ I 2£~ * :« §> m*n 4ler6i!i&r,si . 3 O 0) i flliL-s To--• inS«Sgj!“1H53 „ ° E « « O o .aos^sL" 2 O *s2 S<2 Q. i o i O0 i_ c ss

< £ E KIlKnm'mifiUmi

©

McMillan-Scott Associates Public Affairs

llW im. lv.ll l..'inl<*n SW l \ Jit/ l.-lf|ih..iv n|.'i

-nip Argentina offers 6

leaseback deal from JIMMY BURNS in Buenos Aires ARGENTINA’S new civi- W&*'sam- Jian President, Paul we would look at the question Alfonsin, ,s prepared to ofiehasepback, ■ • oTSe^lfn."? P0Siti?n ^Vt;c d0Ubt tha‘ “ Mra drawn on^owlong^hefthought • On the Falkiands dispute. In Thatcher were to make such a the lease should run Li PRFSinpWT ai cnudn an exclusive interview with move> we w.°uld regard this as whether he would ensure that Br^tlnn^hJwf*!n 8 ? : The Observer - the first ICC P°sltlve, step, and it the island administration woufd Breakln9 ,he deadlock, granted to a British publica- *u0ma taf e us a Ioi}§ waV d°wn remain British during the achievement of such a target tion by any senior Argentine aI^ toasoiution.’Once period However, it is under- ^pended on defusing tradi-

*SS,“«»*"•?“s » break 'he ™*SSSS£K&S S«S ’reSSS sssssssS£5SSS£££fC deadlock with Britain and ^east in the shorr term) would generation of kelpers. 8 the armed forces as justification open the way to a negotiated /he. PrmciPles “ The Argentine Foreign for an estimated £6 6 billion settlement. w■mtegr,ty self" ^nistry is expected soon to worth of arms purchases ^ Alfonsin, installed as fhe wTwasfousti?™ WhlCh Sf»7hnrPrh su8gesr- The Government is expected President yesterday, when instead Aif^nf. k a u i”8 fhat the islanders dunng the to embark very soon on two more than two million people he vvonfd t b'flteA that i(J?seback ^nod would be major initiatives aimed at poured into Buenos Aires to cornnromi^rLn^w ?11311^ ?u°-Wed t0 ** .responsible for underlining its commitment to celebrate his inauguration calls 0™Promise acceptable to maj- then* own secunty. The kelpers non-belligerence on Mrs Thatchef to consider nolJusl m Bntain *S0 * t0 retain 8 ^‘ reducing the 150-miles exclu- ^ ^ evfntuaUy their P°btical and cultural According to Alfonsin, sion zone around the FalWands c IS,ander^ theifelves- as British nationals, Argentina will by the middle of and to freeze th*the mnetconstruction—___ Argentine. Since the end ot u”the war theP6 pmhLeasebackT* has been***" on the toT* cer- of the new Pnn Stanly Argentine Foreign Ministry has Falklands agenda smee the mid Dronosal mad* hv tu* °misr^' msistedsssssxsffs that sovereignity must ssttssxtts1970s, but Alfonsin rss rsxsTs mthcated that an eand to Alfonsin now implies that tion of the military MpSt the ^ he oeSki R0Uid probabl.y ^ ‘leaseback’ a British lease of future of the Falkiands issue m nro^Ci^niirT4Wzr announced by Argentina imm- the Falklands after Argentine a new light. n therest^ ^ Bnt‘Sh SOV^eigmty isJ'eC?gnised ' K'A t^ldamental argument conttol of Parhamern M tnese steps. could possibly be a basis for a that used to be held by people One of rhe *u He told The Observer : ‘I future deal. He still firmly m Bntam as a reason for not new Parli^ne^L^x^cted to believes m Argentina's right to negotiating with us has now be the reS of an amSSw law sovereignty over the Falkiands, disappeared. We are no longer which c^Sed Tf but will not push for unmediate a de facto regime, nor are we officers involved in the torture* control ovei them run by a dictatorship. We SSrd SnZS ‘We think that negotiations A^entines have finally under- some 15,000 Argentines after should eventually lead to the stood that we wdl always be a the 1976 military coud recovery of the islands. But the J“J“Pot country if we don’t # The new President was talks should provide the basis foll°w a golden rule The showered with confetti and for a more positive atmosphere forces must come under flowers yesterday, as he made on the islands including a much “e ™ control ot the civilian his wav beaming in an onen car better standard of living for the Powers.’ down Jhe quarfei>mile avenue islanders. Argentina’s new Radical which separates the majestic • 1 think that we are resolved Government is committed to Congress building from the to study alterantives. cuttmg military spending from Presidential Pink House in May Ves, we would provide the 5 per cent to 2 per cent of gross Square. His inauguration mar- islanders with guarantees as we domestic product, ked the end of nearly eight have no wish to hurt them, and Bui Alfonsin said that the years of military rule.

McMilJan-Scott Associates Public Affairs 41 Whitehall London SYVlA 2UX lVIcphoiv ui-'iUHi'i.V'* J 1 Observer 11 12 83

4

Thatcher to Fortress Falklands by ADAM RAPHAEL, Political Editor MRS THATCHER last night signal- take pleasure in the restoration of ‘ If Alfonsin wants to reply and end led the end of the Government’s democracy to Argentina, believing it hostilities, then he has got a way ' Fortress Falklands5 policy by send- will bring freedom and justice to all through,’ said one senior Whitehall ing a personal message of your people. Today brings new hope official last night. congratulations to the new President to your country.' Downing Street officials are study­ of Argentina, Raul Alfonsin, on his At the same time, a diplomatic text ing closely the text of the Alfonsin inauguration. from the British Government was interview in today’s Observer, in Whitehall officials at first claimed it handed to the new Argentine Foreign which he indicates that he would be was normal to send such a message to Minister, Sefior Dante Caputo, outlin- prepared to end hostilities, if Britain a new Government, but later con- ing a number of conciliatory took steps to ease the military tension ceded that it was unprecedented to do Ministerial statements made recently between the two countries. Suitable so to a state which is still nominally at in London on future relations. steps, he suggests, would be reducing war with this country The initiatives are clearly designed the 150-mile protection zone or Mrs Thatcher’s message coincides to secure a positive response from abandoning work on Port Stanley with a remarkable interview by Argentine’s new President. Whitehall airport. President Alfonsin, which appears officials said last night that Britain was Mrs Thatcher’s move to normalise exclusively in today’s Observer, and no longer insisting on the announce- relations with Argentina comes after the first significant step towards a ment of a formal cessation of hostilities the expression of growing unease in peaceful resolution of the Falklands by Argentina as a pre-cdhdition for her party’s ranks about the long-term conflict. talks on the Falklands. viability of the 4 Fortress Falklands ’ As Britain has no diplomatic Mrs Thatcher is still, however, policy. relations with Argentina. Mrs firmly ruling out any negotiations over America’s willingness to resume Thatcher’s message was handed over sovereignty, and officials say these can arms sales to Argentina has reinforced by the Swiss State Secretary, Herr clearly be no resumption of full the view of Tory MPs that Britain Probst, who is attending the inaugura- diplomatic relations while hostilities should not wait for a formal cessation tion ceremonies in Buenos Aires. still continue. of hostilities before attempting to Mrs Thatcher’s message said: ‘ On It is hoped that the Prime Minister’s resume a dialogue. the occasion of your inauguration, I message will be the first step towards The mounting cost of ‘ Fortress wanted to let you know that, although normalising relations with Buenos Falklands ’—nearly £1,000 million a we have many differences, we can all Aires. year—is a potent additional factor.

McMillan-Scott Associates Public Ajjciirs

II VvliUrh.ill I .

A mm f'

i

ii r Some of these costs had to be paid in the aftermath EIGHTEEN months after the Falklands war solving5theICA0rrgyent1nktnheyquaese,ioan!P^“now thaf Dr Argentina has returned to democratic rule, presenting c\rdaii?,W1^ a chance to establish the Falklands peace

Mrs Thatcher has now welcomed Dr Alfonsin into There now needs to bess^ars a prolonged diplomatic,ore„s effort, oilicc, and expressed the hope of more normal giving the issue the priority which properly derives relations. The need is to move swiftly an’d flexibly to Irom the damage now being done. There should be an bnng a rational end to an episode which, for Britain, early exchange of ambassadors. It will also be was heroic at the time, but which now casts a pall of gloom and futility over areas far removed from the essential for the foreign secretary himself to lead the south-west Atlantic. British initiative. Too often in the past, the Falklands The present state of the Falklands damages Britain were left to junior ministers, who got mangled by the House of Commons whenever they came near to a in four ways. First, it is a major irritant in Anglo- solution. American relations. Mrs Thatcher unwisely made a Of course there is no immediate “solution”. But talks public complaint last month against the imminent resumption of American arms sales to Buenos Aires. hC?un 3u a,?relude 10 Argcnlina calling off It got her nowhere. President Reagan has certified that hostilities, this should not be precondition. From that Dasis, the resumption of commercial and political Argentina’s human rights record now justifies arms relations ought to flow. Within that dialogue the sales: an optimistic assessment, given that Alfonsin long-term luturc of the Falklands will have look office only on Friday, but an improvement on El to be discussed., 4 In ,the course of it incautious Britsh Salvador where, human rights being non-existent, the negotiators need to beware of two pitfalls. president has simply vetoed the congressional The first is the belief that the south-west Atlantic demand that there, too, arms sales should be may, after all, be vital to the Western alliance. This conditional on their maintenance. To Washington, contention was never made before the war; even later r the Falklands are, understandably, an almost / it took a long time to surface. Now, armchair irrelevant pimple on a teeming continent. strategists are deploying arguments resting on the Secondly, any policy is futile which impairs, premise that the defence of Land’s End begins at without compensation, trade and diplomatic relations Instan da Cunha. Some of them spoke in the Lords with Argentina itself and other South American debate last week. Countries. We have an overriding interest in - ^Cj0nd^y’ while maintaining close contact with the returning to normality, the neat little Falklands war islanders and consulting them at every stage the having had a beginning and an end. The same goes for British government should not feel bound by the the third area of damage, to Britain’s own defence paramountcy” of their wishes. This term should be budget. Spending £1,000 million on the Falklands struck lrom the vocabulary. A wise prime minister garrison is a Ruritanian folly, disconnected from any will exploit the opening offered by Dr Alfonsin’s other British defence interest - indeed positively accession to secure a properly-defended deal which harmful to more pressing commitments. This points, protects the Falklanders’ way of life. But she will not in turn, to the fourth victim of present policy: the give them alone the veto. native community on the Falklands. The vast military establishment radically alters the character and the way of life of the islands. Since it was to protect that way of life that the war was fought, there could hardly be a more perfect, or troubling, paradox.

McMillan-Scott Associates Public Affairs M WliiU'h.ill 0

Sunday Times 11 12 83 4 Isisg £ =8 £ siS1--2-'!0- *-Sg£g 11 “■£ « «■£„ ISg^-S ,5 §.8 ^ niilVA ill!? P” !

lipids illlfMlI i•5 i H ijiaii: |fc*ii >4 i 8-2 2^0^ 2 0) I!SP§» qKssKlimi« 6 «, S g.S a-2 2pS-§:ng pi flip & !§ ^g'S'fcfci'SgS 9S.’2.^!| h|8J 73 ■£ -a.2 S>£ 8 i:

■-Sot " U C-£ CC^Ol“3° , ii!P up iiiiP;; CQ •C»-2 «i&E< .S -s* -n^ ■=i|.fa:ii i Is«l?4| !*?<; !ii!lii|I , - O 3 rt 2 ‘£ Six; — -2o ■sSSS'Sig “o<^'ES«|8 o a ^SS-Sa -ISS g-e-g-52 §; S S %i 1ISH1? 5«i igsihll-. ;-!«i8i i*ii: tHmm 2> 2 mamt iu iim IS g.E.E « • E.E^g g •§ o * " ® !* 8 ■G 1 -a itlFlMirPeJtll- .© iL w .1 E >• r^=' 2 A 8^-2 1 sillisllilll ^!!l111 ”. © S-g-gl ' %Z* “1 «•“*" *T3 U) e IMiFHlirtitti!1! 5 3S'2"a§ S^Sog1 r ,3 C 03 .tooc i — U y «■- ftw !“■ = m o .s 2 sffsHisii arma fiiiiH'if J4 e3 H "3 CO .aJS fs”?;!sSs!'-ISg|SH= © © a i© -o © o. >* l!Hi!‘litrlslI« f 2$--.% “"-g^o gssa*3§ 2 S| n> M m > XI2iiv,-^2^ui“isCifS»r:-13v) u U U O-iH C . o e u « V> o E ^ o 0 iM o w? C o > ^ ">S'g£J Q. ■s' lg-'|°sE I-ES| tpgillJs! ||°| o 0 s ■O c li!ll|I till! tpi! e | m o m $ «-SiS-o e «*o C«H J,o» «- .ffl,00 g UtlliJPlI; lilsli <

McMillan-Scott Associates Public Affairs

11 VVliil.h.tll |,.iulnnS\VlA2HZ lelephi >.v "l-'» ' I I

S Telegraph 11 12 83 After the junta TT is clearly an irritation to inevitable proviso that Argentina A the Government that America • first announces an official end to has gone some way towards res­ the hostilities. But “ it -takes two toring the supply of arms to to tango,” as the Foreign Office Argentina, but it need not be spokesman expressed it in the seen as more than that. Certainly House of Commons on Friday. it should not obscure the much The new regime is so great an more important fact that the improvement upon its disreput­ news from Argentina itself is able predecessor, so much more encouraging. Yesterday a demo­ inclined towards sense and away cratic ally-elected President was from bellicosity, that one may inaugurated in Buenos Aires and well hope that it will accept the a period of infamous military case for a renewal of civilised rule came to an end. Tomorrow discourse, beginning with the an elected Congress will begin limited contact's Britain now to tackle the task of restoring proposes. order to the country's stricken economy and social fabric. The Its problems at home are in signs are that Argentina is at any case immense. Apart from last on course for a return to trying to heal the wounds left political health. Mrs Thatcher’s by years of tyranny, it has a cordial message yesterday to shattered economy to coax back President Alfonsin acknowledges to life. Inflation is running at this. more than 400 per cent, a truly The next welcome nevvs would horrific figure; unemployment be that President Alfonsin’s new stands at 20 per cent; and the regime had agreed to a “ -normal­ burden of debt is crippling. The isation ” of relations with this test of Argentina’s ability to country. The restoration of meet these problems must start diplomatic relations, broken at once; and so far as Britain is since the Falklands invasion, has concerned, after the trauma of been urged by the British Gov­ the Falklands war this country ernment, subject only to the has reason to wish it well.

i Argentina’s military

rule ends in cheers

By FRANK TAYLOR in Buenos Arks A RHRNTTNA nut an end Senor Alfonsin was driven in an notable exception being A nearlv oioht vars of °Pt:n car to the Presidential Britain, diplomatic relations rA to neailj eltoiit vais or lalace Tliere hc received the not yet having been restored. military rule j sash of office from General Among those specially invi- when Senor Raul Altonsin, Reynaldo Bignone, the respected ted by Senor Alfonsin was ✓ 56, leader of the Radical 0fljcer .who had the task of Scnora Isabel Pcron, the party, was sworn in as guiding Argentina-to democratic former President whose cata- , President. elections after the military strophic rule led to the military an irlrlrr*^ in Conmess. junta of General Galtieri coup jn 1976. She spoill five he immediately put the military resigned, humiliated in the Fa,k- years under house arrest before m " fhat itP«o«ld Save to land* war' amdiscredited by gojng into exile in Spain in pay for the years of repression the recession at home, 1981. and that those found respon- The route to the palace, was ^ Thatcher overture would be punished in the bluc-and-vvhitc national flags Our Diplomatic Correspond- C0lirts< - and the red-and-whitc banners rnt writes: Mrs Thatcher made . wWchd the' mim.'rV.mSlS ' Many^had "been up all t^T^Ua*St Sh In for itself earlier this year and through ^night. ce.ebrat- a^cd..^message ! which effectively of blame for the disappear- KletiS^S^ ances, would be rescinded. , , r . . , . jk cprvires veterdav with the tiations frozen since the JraiK- To the cheers of legislators, lands war. iTentifa of “Pfus™ce^ and But while most Argentines In the message, relayed via fr e e d o m ” lie deolored the seemed to have convinced the Swiss represerdativei in “ catastrophic state ” of the themselves that this time a Buenos Aires, the Prime Mjm ssf« svS rwHSTSS Su'Ss? =« sjscrtiSaSA" gg?jh~ “ ** lOK-wassa

dfrom;E" ithes tsspLeft or thesays Right yesterdays werenrime mlffisters tradefssssrrsrsn and diplomatic contacts. W Aftef^addrcssing^’cotisress, from a"l ovc? Editorial commen.-PiiO

McMillan-Scott Associates Public Affairs

•II Whitehall I jiiultmSWlA 211/. Tt-k-phutt.- I I

the SOUTH ATLANTIC PARTNERS times 10.12 S3&&F&SSSS J democraticallyelected. He rep- ing Argentine feeling on the ution of the jn-econcilahle resents a break with forty years Falklands can be exploited norition*; on cnvprpiontv J?Si aafsarwass sasw»lws#£*s arsMMSrsthat volatile country with its sa&sr*-How can this be done?w“ "First,efc £F£S£H?he Falkland! "were le5rima?3v ruined economy will indefinitely there should be no British and collectively involved sustain a leader who, alone of his ambiguity of the kind which JJture ^ peers, stood out in opposition to preceded and was partially geography but because of the the invasion of the Falklands. responsible for last year’s Argen- ^eed for lone term development But that fact adds extra signifi- tine invasion. We know now that of resources in the South Atlan cance and symbolism to his the Argentines would never have (ic and Amar^i™ election, and it should elicit an attacked if they had thought the Britain is leeitimatelv con appropriate response from Bri- British would respond in kind. cerned with that nart of the tain which has sadly not yet been The British position should thus world as a participant in the forthccmmg be clear cut. that will recognize Antarctic Treaty, to which now Of course there are difficulties that sovereignty over the Falk- even indja ai:d china hav^ and distractions, of which the lands - certainly some of them - acceded. The Argentine claim to question of resumed American is disputed, that neither side the Falkland Dependencies is a arms sales to Argentina is only regards its claim as negotiable, nonsense juridically and geo- the most recent. It is, frankly, an that neither side is willing for the graphically - South Georgia for irrelevance in the longer term claim to be tested at the instance is as far from Argentina context of the Falklands and International Court, and that the as Britain is from Greenland - British relations with Argentina, basis of each side s claim is hut the Antarctic Treatv at lpact It occurs partly because the anyway unlikely to be clear has provided a usefulprecedem Reagan administration has enough for any judicial decision for international cooperation endorsed a certification of pro- be achieved, without prejudice to or disturb­ gress on human rights in Argen- In this the position of the ance of unresolved claims of tina which means that the islanders is crucial. But it cannot sovereignty embargo on arms sales can now be the sole factor. The doctrine Consequently the future status be lifted. Perhaps Washington of self-determination is not clear of the Falklands should not has been premature in the lifting enough to point the way further sland in the way 0f Anglo-Argen- of that embargo since it suggests than the assertion that no change tine cooperation provided that that human rights progress has m the administration and Britain can make it clear that _ been made by the now wholly government ol the Falkland whatever that status will he - it discredited junta which was Islands should be agreed without wiu contain an Anglo-Argentine dissolved two days ago. It would the fullest consideration of the dimension of some kind. The have been better to have waited islanders views. Logically self- actuaj constitution of the Falk- until such progress could clearly determination could lead to lands is now a matter for the have been attributed to positive creation of an independent Anders and the British measures taken by Senor Alfon- Lalklands. That might be attract- Government, but the ultimate sin’s administration. ive as a means of overcoming the relationship will undeniably However, it is a distraction residual anti-colonialist attitudes have t0 t>e a tripartite one within because British ministers know which underly much of the the region as a whole. Britain’s both that Senor Alfonsin neither international opposition to the readiness to accommodate wants nor needs arms from the British position. In practice it is Argentina should be coupled United States with which to alter not desired by the islanders, or with an unambiguous intention the local balance of power in the by Britain, since it would merely remain an active participant South Atlantic, and because the create one more micro-state and collaborator in the South American Administration would without the means to defend Atlantic and Antarctica where not wish to sell him arms which itself in a potentially hostile the two countries could work would have such an effect. The environment another Belize or together on the basis of mutual hope for a normalization of Grenada in the making. respect. Anglo-Argentine relations, ex- Nevertheless the conver- How we get there remains to pressed by Mr Whitney in the sations currently in hand be seen, since it will be a slow Commons yesterday and by between Britain and the Falk- process. But given that the fact Baroness Young in Tuesday’s landers are based on moves to and history of the Falklands wide-ranging debate on the establish a fully self-governing inspires in each country an Falklands in the Lords, is the colony, but still a colony; and a emotional and political response more sensible attitude to convey, colony of only some 500 house- of particular intensity, it should British policy towards Argen- holders surrounded by many - indeed it must - be possible to tina must therefore be ealeu- more troops. Admittedly the size work for a future where the lated, where possible, to assist of the garrison will drop on Islands become the symbol of an the fortunes of Senor Alfonsin in completion of the new air strip, Anglo-Argentine partnership in his attempts to consolidate as will the running expense of the South Atlantic and power and rehabilitate democ- defending the Falklands. But Antarctica and no longer an racy in his country. There will be long before then it should be opeir. wound.

McMillan-Scott Associates Public Affairs

•II WljiU'h.tll l.nmluriSW l.\ Jll/. Iil.plmn.- iiJ.'Mii h'J *■> I FALKLAND ISLANDS Falklands ‘main issue BATTLE DAY 'XiI1 be a short ceremony todav tn Cenoteph in Whitehall 9 9' of 'rhA ^^emorate the Battle ' / nL **Wand Islands in f i i December, 19J4. the Battle of the in foreign policy jer Plate in December 1939 wnl be6 la^V^6’ I982’ deaths Fa klanH di?.y Adrian Monk, By FRANK TAYLOR in Buenos Aires rajKJand Islands Government bTJrSentfatT ^ London "on fpHE new civilian Government in Argentina behalf of the Falkland Islands 1 regards the “ unresolved ” question of the i Fa° kTart„rient,a,nd ihe Pe°P|e of"hi Falkland Islands as the country’s main foreign policy problem, according to informants close to the presidency. informants said it was “natur­ SCl-Slgt Soon after being inaugu­ ally welcomed.” rated today as President, Argentine defence experts SKa* isasrasafis Senor Raul Alfonsin is to said it was too early to say hold talks with Vice-President precisely what weapons might be sought from the United , Bush of the United States. States. But they thought radar Senor Alfonsin said recently and communications equip­ he would not declare a formal ment, as well as anti-aircraft end to hostilities without some systems including ground-to-air “ concession ” from Britain, missiles, would almost certain­ such as a readiness to talk ly figure on an early shopping DAILY TELEGRAPH about the Falklands’ sover­ list. eignty. 10.12.83

enlist the Reagan Admimstra-« IfIslstv h The air force is als0 lion’s backingfor moves aimed ?°t^rested iQ helicopters, at getting Britain to open debt of negotiations on the islands S40 billion (£27 bill- future* ion). Argentina will have to Good offices hope that the Reagan Admin- . istration would grant military In return, the sources said, cre(ms to cover any purchases. Senor Alfonsin would prob­ ably offer to place all of Argentina’s nuclear installa­ tion under internationa inspec­ tion and safeguards, as requested by the United States. American intelligence reports said recently that Argentina would be capable of producing an atomic bomb within three years. But the outgoing military regime refused to allow the International Atomic Energy ■ Commission to make regular inspections of some of its nuclear facilities, a procedure that would ensure that repro­ cessed fuel was not diverted to weapons research. Argentina is not a signatory of the nuclear non-proliferation treaty, nor has it adhered to the Treaty of Tlatlelco, aimed at keeping Latin America a nuclear-free zone. It is by no means certain that the Americans will accept such a deal, although officials in Washington have said they are ready to offer “ good offices ” should Britain and Argentina appear to be ready to open talks on the Falklands. Too early But without a declaration of an end to hostilities by Argen­ tina, Mrs Thatcher is unlikely to be interested in talks and would almost certainly not wish to discuss the sovereignty issue. After the Grenada invasion and the lifLing of the American arms embargo on Argentina, Mr Reagan’s leverage with Mrs Thatcher is probably minimal. The arms embargo decision has gone almost unremarked by officials and the Press in Buenos Aires although presidential McMiUan-Scott Associates Public Affairs

41 Whitehall London SWIA 2IJZ Telephone Ul-9/t)(i,M5 7

Guardian 10 12 83

1 Drive to

heal split r|t>2^o,3 £ o c O i on arms

sales ''M »^S»-ag£-S|® s|« decision

V?V SfltfSsfT.SfiiaJssgasSstafsli!* Continued from page one Jhe, stumbling block, accor- ffj ■sa8a^saHfiS«sS t aing to government sources, is relations would be harmed. the refusal of Argentina to Jj1"1 the US has not sold announce publicly a cessation of ?,™s t0 Argentina for a long hostilities over the Falklands. A) ill time, while other countries «nd lhe UK relationship convincedGovernment that Spriva?e ^dipS with those countries still seems to be in existence,” he said. matic overtures are likely to ^ siS Sfililf be made by the Foreign Office Mrs Thatcher’s denial of any ,Mr Alfonsin, who is in­ m An8lo-American rela­ stalled officially today, has tions came at the opening of a safely established his leader­ iiLftaiN in London!18 f0r nGWS agencies ship. text* stie'^aid^01'' A^numbi^ of ffi -sssa'sssssbership was agreed by the newspapers this morning de­ Commons yesterdaycould ^play-; scribed my attitude to a part in rebuilding the diplo­ Anglo-American relations in matic links. le™s that vary from wholly untroubled to spitting mad. Mrs Thatcher’s change of i •n «Jilsfip9 -a tone was described yesterday "I wonder if I might be by the shadow foreign secre- allowed to say a word ? And tary, Mr Denis Healey, as a this will be the truth So far sensible climbdown. as l am concerned Anglo- }A^retrican relations are in good Mrs Thatcher had talked S3 S - outrage and betrayal” ^2- President Reagan dropped htsVAisl „“ Even... as the press were de­ the ban on arms sales, said Mr scribing my attitude, I waj Healey, but she was now treat­ havmg a customary warm and ing it rightly in a very low-key friendly discussion this evening way. He added: “ The Foreign , treasury Secretary Office is recovering control of1 Donald Regan. It is with foreign policy.” i fr*ends you can talk frankly • never with * In the Commons Mr Healey called on the Government to send an ambassador to Buenos Aires but he received no direct Mr Regan, had a 45-minute response from mr Whitney. meeting with Mrs Thatcher on i hursday might two hours after Dr David Owen, the leader of she had strongly attacked US the SDP and foreign secretary economic policy in the Com­ in the Callaghan Government, mons. advised Mrs Thatcher to de­ clare a readiness to open nego­ He said yesterday that he tiations with Argentina. • ^ "*28 g had assured Mrs Thatcher that US interest rates would gradu­ “ Se should: now drop her ally come down. hysterical, attitude on Fortress - "g gfiFs * Falklands arid realise that this In the Commons the Foreign is a burden that no country Office Junior minister, Mr Rav should be asked to continue a Whitney, said that President unless there had been a failure ; Reagan’s decision on arms to reach a negotiated settle­ sales “was not sprung upon ment.” us. fill 1I!|‘| Mr Whitney stressed that the 3 Government welcomed the elec- ton of President Alfonsin in ] * . lunis^M Argentina and had stated its § g-s'g.sa-SSS™ hope of being able to return to normal diplomatic relations £ is ^ .8 StS-SS -a with Argentina in the future. S§ (fi I o -3 £ ,s .8 § £ 0) g.E o I jS2 S" 3 g o n> si Ss’0? &-g 1.5 a § 5 = 1st McMillan-Scott Associates Public Affairs

•II Whitehall I.1 union SWlA 211/ IVlc|>H«»n*' iil-U.Mili'/.I.v

■ r

Guardian 10 12 83

In pursuit of peace in the South Atlantic Sir, — Just over a year wrath. What is the point of the true interests of both our ago, we fought a battle to victory if one does not go on countries and the whole of prevent the military regime to make one’s enemy into South America •— and those in Argentina from seizing the one’s friend? To be magnani­ who live in the islands and mous in such a situation is those who lost relatives in Falkland Islands by force; both a moral duty and politi­ the recent war. that regime no longer rules cal prudence. and is condemned alike by We ask Christian people of At present, the restrictions goodwill, in both countries, the Argentinians and the Bri­ on normal trade harm both to speed the progress of re­ tish for its cruelty as well as nations and the supply of conciliation v/ith their skills for its use of force. The arms to the Argentinians by Argentinian nation emerges the United States and others in practical peacemaking, and to a new birth of freedom with their prayers. Many could lead to dangerous ten­ lives have been lost, and our under a fairly elected civi­ sions. statesmen have a hard task — lian government: we share We are separated from the together in the life of demo­ Edward Carpenter. cracy. Argentinians by a dispute (Dean of Westminster), over sovereignty in which Martin Dent. I Need we remain locked each side holds strong views (Lecturer in Politics, into a purely military about islands inhabited by University of Keele). approach to our mutual prob­ 1,700 people. Each side backs Bill Flagg. lems? We cannot retreat into its opinion by evidence from (Bishop of the Anglican a fortress of distrust and re­ history. Church in South America, fuse to talk to our fellow In such a situation, we human beings, against whom 1951-1977), '& must meet and discuss with Victor Guazzclli. we have fought in the battle one another the problem of (Bishop of Eastern Pastoral of the Falklands. sovereignty in order to find a Area, Westminster Diocese). We are bidden to be angry way to lead us above our Alan Webster. and sin not, and not to let quarrel to a new solution. (Dean of St Paul’s). the sun go down upon our The restoration of peace is in London EC4.

Drive to heal arms sale split

and hint of Argentina thaw From Derek Brown State, while refusing to be don and Buenos Aires since in Brussels and drawn on whether missiles and the 1982 Falkands war. Colin Brown submarines could be sold to Sir Geoffrey told reporters Britain and the United Argentina, added: ‘‘We have after the meeting of Nato for­ States were hard at work yes- told tlJe we eign ministers that the US had terday healing the breach over consult with them, been kept closely informed of the US decision to lift its As part of the fence repair- British concern over arms for ! embargo on the sale of arms to ing job there were signals Argentina, particularly those 1 Argentina, from Britain — notably in a which could be useful in a There were assurances from Commons statement by onei of future attack on the Falklands. o both countries’ foreign minis- Sir Geoffrey s juniors that The US had promised con­ ters that there would be de­ there could be a thaw in the sultations before such sales re­ tailed consultation before any frozen diplomatic relationships sumed, “ every sale to be arms were actually sold to the that have existed between Lon­ considered separately.” newly elected government in He went on: “ We made Buenos Aires. very plain to the US and they understand very clearly how And Mrs Thatcher declared : concerned we should be if cer­ “ So far as I am concerned INSIDE tification were to lead to the sale of arms of the kind which Cartoon, back page; Parlia­ Arts- reviews ...... 10 could do damage or harm in ment, page 5 Bridge ...... 16 the Falklands situation.” Chess ...... 15 “ Certification ” refers to the Anglo-American relations are Business & finance 18-21 Choice ...... 22 act by President Reagan in in good; heart. ... It is with Crosswords ...... 27, 28 signing a certificate about pro­ friends you can talk frankly : Gardening ...... 23 gress in the restoration of never with rancour, always Grassroots...... 9 human rights — a necessity with friendship; always with Home News...... 2-5, 28 for Congress to sanction a re­ understanding.” Letters ...... 12 sumption of arms sales. ; In Brussels Sir Geoffrey Overseas News .... 6, 7 Mr Shultz insisted that Presi­ Howe, her Foreign Secretary, Parliament...... 5 dent Reagan’s move was not i said that Britain would be con­ People ...... 11 specifically to do with arms sulted on every US sale of Sports News...... 13-16 sales, but was rather a recogni­ arms once the five-year Travel...... 8 tion of improved human rights embargo was formally lifted. TV & Radio ...... 26 conditions in Argentina. His counterpart, Mr George ENTERTAINMENTS 22, 25 He did not think Anglo-US Shultz, the US Secretary of PERSONAL ...... 27 Turn to back page, col. 3

McMillan-Scott Associates Public Affairs

•ll VVIun-hiill l.mulonSWlA 2li/. Ti-L-phniu- 1

Guardian 10 12 83

'r~

rr

\

McMillan-Scott Associates Public Affairs

•II Whitehall I .i•ml-hi S\\ IA £H/. IHepIvme *i*»*i V-* 1

Daily Mail 10th December 1983

By ROBERT PORTER and JOHN DICKIE to Argentina are concerned _ there aren’t any.’ MRS THATCHER is going all In London, Mrs Thatcher strongly denied reports of a out to heal the rift with Presi­ near-unbridgable gulf growing between herself and President dent Reagan. Reagan. She stressed yesterday that rela­ So far as I am concerned tions with America had not been dam- Anglo-American relations are in good heart,' she said. Tt is with aged by recent events, including the friends you can talk frankly, lifting of the U.S. arms embargo on never with rancour, always with GEORGE SHULTZ friendship, always with under­ Argentina. standing. Later in the C o m m o n s, tees that missiles and sub­ And in what some MPs saw Foreign Office Under Secretary marines, which could be used In as an olive branch to Buenos Ray Whitney insisted that another Falklands attack, would Aires, Mr Whitney told MPs that President Reagan’s decision to not be sold. the Government was anxious to lift the arms ban had not taken After private talks with U.S. normalise relations with Argen­ Mrs Thatcher or the Govern­ Secretary of State George tina 'while at the same time ment by surprise. Shultz in Brussels, Foreign Sec­ preserving the vital interests Their messages were also seen retary Sir Geoffrey Howe said : we have committed ourselves to in Whitehall to signal an im­ ‘The Americans are well aware In the Falkland Islands.’ portant thaw in relations with of our concern.’ Sensible overtures from the new Argentinian Govern­ ment. Mr Shultz said : ‘I don’t think Buenos Aires would be ‘con­ America, too, was being ex­ that we can expect out of this sidered positively in the spirit tremely careful to point out any damage to our relation­ of our professed desire to ship.’ restore normal economic and that lifting the embargo did not diplomatic relations,’ he said. mean immediate arms sales— And he insisted: ‘As far as But he added : Tt really does although there were no guaran- immediate, plans for arms sales take two to tango.’ c

JT IS hard to believe that the Americans have any wish to embarrass Mrs Thatcher over supplying arms to Argentina. Jndeed, they are only putting the Argen­ tine Government back on the approved list for arms purchases because it has passed the test for respecting human rights. The Americans also insist that they will not supply anns for use against the Falklands. All the same, Mrs Thatcher is absolutely right to refuse to negotiate with the Argentines until they declare an end to hostilities. Argentina’s new rulers claim to be demo­ cratic and peace-loving. Surely it is not too much to ask them to prove it (and the Americans to encourage them to prove it) by making it clear beyond doubt that the war started by the military junta whom they suc­ ceeded Is now over. 1

Daily Mail 10th December 1983 f rS!!liil«-* c 2sHo. o sz o cd S'i“i2 tt<°cjgl

j?; o M ed lII#iIISlS2 8 CD ^§£5- §8.-«S HH Q IPI w

iv) cy "a — o > i o -a ox3 aj e “- § « a. M > "S ^ ° o >>H © £ © j- P _ > 2 < £ ■§ £2 g ® »« IP S rt 2 rt rt & © — (3 rj =■£= £ ©...s .l-ss^s e > 111=:s-gi(a. « « (A £ © 5X3^1- sz ■!= o)Cr£_ to £ . 5 0 ~S £ig! ■°s ® a £"Ss=4 o £ol II z co « 5^ DC e ■O > r- a X 1» CO UJ UJ .(» SB 2 0 <0 =■ _ ^-o i! cd H ^ o o a? > 2 O s GS-2=o . (0 *-> © •— Z LU O DC e X a co x il »s < s - «i£ 05 ° « s CO "♦>» > — < X X •5 <^-6 ' ^ £ 2 3 V*-hi*I ■*-> C/J ■*“ DAILY TELEGRAPH 9.12.83

Isabel Peron flies

to inauguration of

civilian government

By FRANK TAYLOR in Buenos Aires JSABEL PERON, the former 'President of Argentina, is due to arrive in Buenos Aires today to attend tomorrow’s inauguration of the new civilian government under Senor Alfonsin, the Radical f party leader. She is expected to stay in Argentina about a week. Senora Peron, who was overthrown in a military coup in 1976, has been living in voluntary exile in Spain Argentina ‘ready for the past two years. Leading members of her to make bomb’ Peronist party, which suffered a stunning defeat in the recent elections, were squabbling yes­ By FRANK TAYLOR terday over who had the right in Buenos Aires to go to the airport to meet fpH'REE Argentine phy­ her. sicists claimed yester­ Senora Peron issued a list of day that “ certain groups ” names of a welcoming com­ were experimenting to de­ mittee that she wished to see, but it excluded such prominent velop nuclear weapons. Peronsists as Senor Lorenzo Dr Luis Masperi, president Miguel, the party’s vice-presi­ of the Argentine’s Physics dent and the country top trade Association and two of his unionist. colleagues, said that the re­ {fy- Senor Miguel said yesterday cently announced capability of he intended to go to the airport the National Atomic Energy anyway “ although I do not Commission to make enriched know in' What corner.” uranium had raised new con- cerns. Patch up rifts In an apparent reference to One of Senora Peron’s objec­ the military, Dr Masperi said tives will ibe to patch up rifts certain groups were interested in the Peronist party. m applying the new found tech­ Tight security will be in effect nology to “war purposes.” i today and only those with “ These sectors want to make special credentials will be a bomb,” he added. allowed in the airport approaches. Three-year limit Meanwhile, the Mothers of The capacity to produce en­ the Plaza de Mayo, who have riched uranium, announced last held weekly demonstrations month, coincides with estimates demanding accountability for by American intelligence the thousands of people of dis­ ( sources that Argentina would appeared during the generals’ be able to produce an atomic rule, have held their last pro­ bomb within three years. tests against the military. ! Senor Raul Alfonsin, the Large crowds watched the new President of Argentina, protest yesterday in the centre says the nuclear programme of the city. Human rights activ­ is devoted to peaceful purposes, ist plastered walls with 30,000 but Dr Masperi and his col-1 lifesize paper silhouettes of ueagues are concerned that so people said to have disappeared many senior physicist posts in i during the military’s “ Dirty the Atomic Energy Commission War ” against Left-wing subver­ are held by military officers. i sion.

McMiUan-Scott Associates Public Affairs 41 Whitehall London SWlA 2BZ Telephone: ()l-lJ30(W35

L 1 DAILY TELEGRAPH Britain 4 informed9 9.12.83

By JAMES WIGHTMAN Political Correspondent

kept the British Government

, AtCS naQ 16 ls one thing I am very British-American alliance and The official line hein* taken Hilcertified Argentina as a lassworried about . . . very, very themss close relationship between ss==by the Government was that the potential purchaser of concerned indeed ” Mrs Thatcher and Mr Reagan announcement in Washington American arms despite the During her talks with Presi- over Grenada and Lebanon, did not mean that arms sales expressed wishes of the dent Reagan in Washington in Mrs Thatcher secently told were cither in the pipeline or British Government. September she expressed the President Reagan that she planned in any way. . . _ . , hoPe that the embargo would Ministers hoped that not be lifted bcause the arms feared that a full lifting of the However it was arknnw- Reagan Administration would niight be used by Argentina to se?io„semabnt,rA0meri?and fcelfng Iedged tha*' althouSh each case go no further than re-certifica- make another assault on the 1 ■ feeling would be considered 0n its tion and would not in practice Falklands ?rJta„V'A',g th.e srens,tl.ve merits, there was no longer an thAeraaer„7iSnrbbyg°Pres^SeCndt Mr Healey. Labour's Shadow missiles° ^ep oyment of cruise automatic bar to consideration of arm sales. Carter in 1978. foreign..^eaetary, #saidjast However, reports that the Prime Minister was furious with There were even signs last But Mrs Thatcher was put ship between Mrs Thatcher and President Reagan were officially night that the Government into a particularly difficult Mr Reagan is falling apart. It denied last night. So were sug- would not be too concerned situation by the American has something to do with the gestions that relations between about limited military hardware announcement, although she woman scorned over Grenada, her and the President had sales t0 Argentina, as long as had known for about two weeks “Ever since then she has deteriorated and that the alii- they were to involve only small that n was iikei.\. been particularly sensitive over She was again exposed to wllat 'he has beJcn doing... ance had been weakened. arms and not powerful weapons It was also said that the invasion"force 1)6 US6^ ^y 4x1 j Opposition charges that, as The announcement from over Grenada and Lebanon, she Washington came shortly after had failed to influence President Mrs Thatcher made particularly Human rights Reagan despite the special strong criticism in the Corn- relationship between Britain Certification was not equiva­ and the United States. lent to arms sales, it was stressed in Whitehall. An amendment in 1978 to the United States Foreign Assistance Act placed a ban on most arms sales to Argen­ tina. Only when the Adminis­ tration certified that the Argentine authorities “ have made significant progress on human rights” and that the re­ sumption of arms sales in the United States’ interests could they be resumed. The Administration lias now I judged that the situation in Argentina met that test. 1 Like President Reagan, it was stated, the British Gov­ ernment had noted and wel­ comed the restoration of democracy in Argentina and other progress on human rights. For Labour, Mr Healey criticised the Government for supplying arms to Chile at the same time as it was trying to stop the United States lifting the arms embargo on Argen­ tina. I Dr Owen, S D P leader, said in a statement: “ It is hysteri­ ca 1 humbug for the British Government which is currently supplying arms to Chile, the worst military dictatorship in Latin America, to criticise our friends for supplying modest military equipment to Argen­ tina, now democratic, when it is clear that as long as Presi­ dent Aifonsin' remains in office there will be no invasion of the Falklands.”

McMillan-Scott Associates Public Affairs

41 Whitehall LondonSWlA 2BZ Telephone 01-930(>935

--f I L I - ---— 1 forces and armaments to the Falklands—a move which was DAILY in the interest neither of Nato nor the United States. TELEGRAPH Washington promises Mr Romberg said that tomorrow’s certification of 9.12.83 Argentina as being able to 6 receive military aid was appro­ no Falklands threat* priately timed. “ The inauguaration of the democratically-elected govern­ By RICHARD BEESTON in Washington ment of President Alfonsin ^RESIDENT REAGAN yesterday ordered the represents a major step in Argentina’s continuing progress A lifting of the American arms embargo on towards improving its human Argentina, despite British appeals that it should be rights performance,” he said. maintained at least until Buenos Aires formally The elections had been fair and honest, political prisoners declares an end to the had been released or remanded was “not the equivalent of to the Ministry of Justice and state of hostilities over such sales or a threat against “ disapcarances ” in Argentina the Falklands. British forces. We consistently had all but ceased. supported a peaceful solution “The United States believes Citing “ dramatic improve- to the Falklands/Malvinas dis­ that the overall human rights ments jn the human rights„ . pute, and after certification we situation; in .'Argentina has situation in Argentina, the will review each request care­ dramatically improved over the Reagan Administration * an­ fully. past 18 months and merits nounced that the embargo “ No arms transfers are con- certification,” he said. would be lifted tomorrow— lemplated that would increase Mrs Jeane Kirkpatrick. American Ambassador to the United Nations, has been one Malvinas or the Beagle Chan­ of the leading influences in tration in Buenos Aires. nel areas.” persuading President Reagan A British Embassy spokesman Legislation dating back to the to try to repair the damage done in Washington said that Mrs Carter Administration barred to U.S.-Argentina relations b.v Thatcher had made ^ Britain’s American security aid to America’s backing for Britain position “very clear” during Argentina unless the State over the Falklands war and to her meeting with President Department was able to certify resume arms sales. Reagan in Washington in Sep- an improvement in human Many Americans who tember. But he added that rjghts performance. strongly supported the British Britain had been glad to note legislation was prompted cause "in the Falklands. and a statement made last month widespread abuses by who would have opposed a by Mr Caspar Weinberger, Argentina’s military govern- resumptionof arms supplies , to the American Defence Secre- ment in its so.called <■ dirty Argentina, now. however, feel tarv that the United States vvar» against Leftists. Thou- let"down by Britain’s failure to would not supply weapons to sands 0f Argentines disappeared back President Reagan over Argentina that could be used at tjiat tjme and remain un­ Grenada. in attempting a new invasion accounted for. of the Falklands. After the British Govern- Dispute with Chile Parpfiil rmisidpration ment’s opposition to the Ameri- Asked why the Administra­ careiui umMueidi can jnvasjon of Grenada the tion was not also certifying The State Department said latest action by President Chile for arms sales, Mr yesterday that while Argentina Reagan is an added strain to Romberg replied that while would once again be eligible to Anglo-American relations, Chile’s human rights position buy American arms and receive British sources said that now had improved its performance military assistance, all arms was important was the was “ mixed.” requests would be carefully con- question of the quality of new.... Questioned about Argentina’s sidered on a case by case United States military supplies. territorial dispute with Chile, “asis- . “ Army boots are one thing. Mr Romberg said that Chile Asked about British object- gujded missiles are another,” had been consulted and that ions, the State Department sajd an official, the United States was backing spokesman Mr Alan Romberg The sources said that the the papal mediation process to solve the Beagle Channel issue. said. We have engaged United States was and is being extensive contacts with a kept cjosely informed of British Asked about reports that Argentina was developing nuc­ variety of concerned parties, concern. including the United Kingdom. lear weapons, Mr Romberg But I am not going into the Britain was also pointed out said: “Our view on the Argen­ content of our exchanges.” to the United States that any tine nuclear enrichment faci­ build-up of modern arms by lity and the need for safeguards i _ Mr Romberg- said the United Argentina would mean Britain is well known. But the two States was not a major arms having to divert more of its issues are separate questions supplier to the region and that and are not linked.” the lifting of the prohibition President Reagan is sending Vice-President George Bush to Buenos Aires to represent him at the inauguration of Argen­ tina’s new President and civilian government after more than seven years of military 1 rule. Argentine officials said the resumption of American sup­ plies would not be an issue of “ high priority ” for the new Government. They said the move to lift the arms embargo was seen as a gesture by the United States to the newly elected Government and that Argentina was more interested in outstanding orders for military spares than big new arms deals.

McMiUan-Scott Associates Public Affairs 41 Whitehall London SWIA 2BZ Telephone:01-930 WJ35

- 1

U.S. LIFTS U.S, ‘TOO QUICK’

OYER ENDING ARGENTINE ARMS EMBARGO ARMS BAN By FRANK. TAYLOR in Buenos Aires A RGENTINA welcomed last night the lifting of the United States arms embargo although it was clear the incoming

Two-front policy civilian Government of Senor Raul Alfonsin would have preferred President

Reagan to wait until after the formal clash for Thatcher inauguration ceremonies tomorrow. I I understand that in private conversations with PRESIDENT REAGAN yesterday ordered American officials in Buenos Aires, Senor Alfonsin s senior advisers expressed their opposition to the - the lifting of the United States embargo move at this time. jn arms sales to Argentina despite Mrs They felt that it bestowed Thousands who vanished Thatcher’s warning last month that such on the outgoing military re- But it will also be seen by action “ would be the single most difficult gime a respectability that crilics as a patcnt attempt by regime does not merit. the Reagan Administration to thing for me . . . the one thing I am very Rut having been told in “ keep in good ” with the advance that the declaration to Argentine miliiQry, which is worried about.” Congress was to be made even viewed as an important element while the military was still in in keeping Communism out of Mr Alan Romberg, the State Department power, Senor Alfonsin was not South America, spokesman, said the decision was not a threat likely to criticise it in public. it is ironic, however, that The timing was clearly Washington saw fit to declare to British Forces. “ No arms transfers are designed to give the best pos- Argentina “ clean ” on human sible atmosphere for Vice-Presi- rights on the very day that the contemplated that would increase the pros­ dent Bush, who is due in Buenos Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo Aires today, to attend the were holding one of their big- pects of renewed conflict... in the Falklands/ inauguratiori. gest demonstrations, demanding that the military be accountable Malvinas,” he said. for the thousands of people who disappeared during the “ dirty Differences with the United States on war” against Left - wing another front became evident in the Commons subversion. Walls in the city centre were where Mrs Thatcher surprised M Ps with the plastered with life-sized paper DAILY silhouettes, each bearing the vehemence with which she attacked American name of one of the “ dis­ economic policies. High American interest TELEGRAPH appeared ones ” and the date on which that person was last .ates were extremely damaging to Britain, 9.12.83 seen. Human rights organisations she said. say that 30,000 people were “ disposed of ” by the military in seven years- Whatever President Reagan has said, the Argentine mili­ tary still stands accused of crimes for which it will apparently never be punished. The question now is what kind of military hardware: Argentina will seek to buy j from the Americans and whether Washington will grant credits, given Chat Argentina’s foreign reserves are critically low and tha-t it has a foreign debt of more than $40 billion (£27-8 billion). The way has been opened for a future arms build-up, and Senor Alfonsin has said he has no intention of declaring a formal end to Falkland Island hostilities. Defence experts said last night priority would go to radar and communications.

McMillan-Scott Associates Public Affairs 41 Whitehall London SW1A2BZ Telephone: 01-930 6935 ft Argentine deal fails America to lift to worry Whitehall Argentine By Julian Haviland Political Editor arms embargo British ministers were wholly untroubled last night by the From Nicholas Ashford, Washington expected news that Argentina Despite British misgivings, During a meeting with had been re-certified as a the Reagan Administration President Reagan in Wshington potential purchaser of United yesterday announced it was last September the British States arms. taking the necessary legal steps Prime Minister pointed out that But because they are aware of to end the five-year ban on US Argentina has still not made a public anxiety about the Falk- arms sales to Argentina. formal declaration od cessation lands, and more generally about The State Department said of hostilities the present state of relations President Reagan would certify President Reagan gave strong betweeen Washington and to Congress tomorrow that support to Mrs Thatcher during London, they went out of their Argentina has made “dramatic the Falklands conflict, thereby way to emphasize that in this progress” in human rights in the seriously damaging US relations area at least the Adminstration past year and a half and with Latin America. Since then had been exemplary in consult­ therefore the arms embargo the US has been urging both ing them. imposed in 1978 could be lifted, sides to seek a negotiated A lengthy statement from The certification has been settlement, Downing Street pointed out deliberatedly timed to coincide British diplomats reacted that re-certification did not with the inauguration of Presi- cautiously to yesterday’s an- mean that arms sales were dent Raul Alfonsin in Buenos nouncement and expressed the either in the pipeline or planned Aires. Vice-President George h°Pe that any arms sales would in any way, and was not Bush is to attend the inaugura- onIy involve spare parts and equivalent to arms sales. tion ceremony of the democrati- defensive equipment, cally elected President. They recalled that last month The Prime Minister’s office Announcing the move, a Mr Caspar Weinberger, the was glad to note that Mr Caspar State Department spokesman Defence Secretary, said the US Weinberger, the US Defence went out of his way to would not provide sophisticated Secretary, had said America emphasize that certification equipment which could be used would exercise caution about would only make Argentina to attempt a new invasion of the the resumption of supplies and eligible to purchase American Falkland islands, would not provide weapons arms and that requests would be The State Department which could be used in a new “examined on a case by case spokesman himself pointed out attempt to invade the Falk- basis”. that the US has traditionally lands. He also emphasized that “no never been a major supplier of The statement also recalled arms transfers are contemplated arms to Argentina. that the Argentine foreign which would increase the The two biggest suppliers, minister-designate had said that prospect of renewed conflict” in France and West Germany, buying arms was not a priority the Falklands. have already resumed their of the new government. The terms in which yester­ sales. day’s announcement was British diplomats said the US Q BRUSSELS: Britain would couched went some way to allay had kept Britain fully informed obviously express concern” to British fears about a resumption ahead of yesterday’s announce­ the US if the American of arms sales to Argentina, ment. Mr George Shultz, the Administration were to sell any which attacked the Falkland Secretary of State, has been weapons to Argentina which islands last year. holding talks with Sir Geoffrey could be used in a war against British objections to US arms Howe, the British Foreign the Falkland Islands, Sir Geof­ sales had been frequently Secretary, during his current frey Howe, the Foreign Sec­ voiced during the past year, Nato ministerial council session retary said vesterdav (Ian most particularly by Mrs in Brussels. Murray writes). Margaret Thatcher. Reaction, back page But he emphasized that the US was still a long way from making any decision about actually selling weapons to the i new Argentine Government. He said that the Adminis­ tration had to review its THE TIMES relations with Argentina in the light of the human rights 9.12.83 situation in that country and see whether or not it could properly continue to impose a ban on arms sales there on grounds that human rights were not being observed. • Chilean doubts: A number of other Latin American coun­ tries will have misgivings over the US decision, not the least among them being Chile which has a long-standing dispute with Buenos Aires over islands in the Beagle channel (Henry Stan­ hope writes). McMiUan-Scott Associates Public Affairs

41 Whitehall l-ondon SWlA 2BZ Telephone: 01-930(W35 r 1

i|lf^£!:!lfg02§8o|o^ H°5-Kgg§|f|2>| ^!°S-g||?o^

ro-s0;»?!s sf3" a-"sS>-^ §“ =s ■sSSSs mhil n%U*h*-°h***' !“t“ rt !ii!4i!ii3^ -i>i=u ei: Jo^i-iipo:; t>s :-3fl^P %AsaJ- atsfisil |?III|?g|-gg.I?a^£5l!l fto d gs-SsSSa g*ggl&s-i ^ . e£ §|a^Br *lfM| fsll||3| ISSBjil^ S- ^ llalqfl ftlg.|f f|?»gs|5- S§g|^l5-3l« ^ 3 ggjjjU = §3i®Sc“^sS§„5'g.3o=^=§-

fils !W ;ii; 111?fits Hum«H % I i|iWil:lil!l|!^!iiiifliliHjiiiiiiif|i|;in §1 gg.~§S|g'g-3>3 2°-sag|e>"ss ®"ls„p.5-3Bl!5^3a gS2-la§e«sg-» -P

S3 Sr’S „s|° isl'glslfg” g = |&3;','s3-|s|| "Is&ileig-?! §£=-!§- gga? ?»?5?SS'^'qS g.»g'5-?3ffgaMS? Qu

III |3'!IIiIIIs|sl!!ll^:**i I*! ! Sl!lf!rPi !1J © g 11!!II1 yiHiiisP^ii il?||i|l! slisniflfPi« .1

jJlisR!.?! SW,lj|*»«K ^ H-t*, VD *tJ M JHPUhfcrMfcii* l»!*is*ii w5?r*?s«atB? 2 K) > su.I'HeRiII i«5p=- *|5 is si 111_ T-s^*si S’ Z ^J*l 8s.? I-S |3 fgl 00 O 8 1s = Sala'rt ^ =H U> M > filSI&?ssfES? g'&s&K^a75 Vi S3 S3 %

t-3 §,8 2.3 c g-g 5.3 M w g®g&^ois'^g I B w w |~QfD !o<5sgs §■.££■§_ s-g £s° S S. &a<&!3§!5g§££0S§g£(S3§‘£ a S’ s*o'® ^5'o2°S“5S2s&^ ffE| M 6|3"S:r|B.Se|g"a| g.3.g,g m.S op^S3n«3 Sr8g.®p-«- * fg^ags SgsS-Sgg-f p,g^aggS.S-a.oS sa-sr* &g-sv§ g1 |s| m|.!“gi^n!|i^!!>!!!||!!|Ii»> i Plpg'S'lI-s-1-1= relief|I"I'-3gI”t!^S3^!l3i.33wf| m* > 3* in§ ii iifii s! h ismki it = CD i^iiil!l!i!P^i-iillr^ll3!“s!ilrl^pl; • <* s~p 33-p “ « s2 «,^ w53 « “ jrwj;3 nca^ouaH,^#» |»o So „ J, .M 8 S, § Sff n at £j ®3g|” agsg-aa5?- IgaSsSa*5-“S g »-3y r*^ aft.-S“s3#354^s 3 1 S'ft 2. S- 2.s< rt"?c3"-"Uli £ cp crtrq ^ a- ^ o o 2 3" Sa^o;;£&aa g 33|ag' "Mid^ “. s^i§'g^gaPsjiPmul s 01. ■P'gg&gg- 88“H§ ;;?g?"l<=2§o £(so.. 3 | e.”^"g-?s o §• II§Ii 13's' £§3?S Si'faasasra

McMillan-Scott Associates Public Adairs

41 Whitehall London SW1A 2BZ Telephone: 01-930 6935 I I

Reagan to lift Argentina arms ban BY REGINALD DALE IN WASHINGTON AND PETER RIDDELL IN LONDON PRESIDENT Ronald Reagan is eern about the prospects of the U.S. arms, each case would be to lift the ban on U.S. arms U.S. resuming arms sales to “carefully considered” in the sales to Argentina because of Argentina. same way as requests from all the country's “significant pro- The decision is to take effect other countries which bought gress” in restoring respect for on Saturday, when Sr Raul American weapons, the btai human rights, the State Depart- Alfonsin is inaugurated as the Department said. ment announced yesterday. country’s new democratic presi- There are no outstanding re- The department stressed, how- dent. Officials said the move quests for arms from Argentina, ever, that no arms transfers had been preceded by “ exten- “ We will have to wait and see would be contemplated that sive consultations” with what they ask for,” officials would “increase the prospects Britain and Chile and demon- said. There is no provision for of renewed conflict ” with strated that the Reagan military aid to Argentina in the Britain over the Falkland Administration remained “sen- current U.S. budget. Islands or with Chile over the sitive ” to UK concerns. Senior administration officials disputed Beagle Channel. Washington also insisted that havc ?aic* privately that t ie The British Government Mr Reagan’s action only lifted screening process will be sm seemed seriously upset last night the ban on arms sales and per- enough to ensure that a *. ■ " by the U.S. decision. milled the resumption of U.S. ima does not receive any equip- FINANCIAL In a deliberately low-key res- military aid to Argentina. It rnent that could be militanly ponse, however. Sir Geoffrey was not the same as an agree- useful in a new conflict with TIMES Ilowe. the Foreign Secretary, ment to supply Buenos Aires Britain. said on Channel 4 News that the with American weapons. The administration’s inten- Government had expressed con- If Argentina wanted to buy 9.12.83 tion to certify human rights progress in Argentina has long been known in Washington— the debate has been over tim­ ing. I While the White House wanted to certify progress several months ago. Congres­ sional leaders have argued that the formal move should await the installation of the new democratic government. The U.S. has not issued licences for arms sales to Argentina since early in the Carter Administration, when • '

McMillan-Scott Associates Public Affairs 41 Whitehall London SWlA 2BZ Telephone 01-930 6935 I <

The case for FINANCIAL TIMES 9.12.83 Crown Agents IF THE Crown Agents did not With a Government keen to exist, then nowadays no one privatise where it can, and re- would bother to create it. But luctant to bail out an organi- since it does exist, it would be salion which has repeatedly altogether another matter to fallen into loss, the case for abolish it. As it faces the pros- saving the Crown Agents has pect of extinction in the week been a difficult one to press. It ahead—not lor the first time is hard to maintain that finan- j over the past decade—it is worth cial services, the provision of pointing out that the British technical advice on develop- i taxpayer would gain little if ment projects, and the supply anything if it were abolisned, of stamps or currency—all pro- • while a large number of Stable areas of the Crown ' governments in the developing ASei:'5’ operation—cannot be world, along with a host of small Provided by private sector companies in the UK, would be organisations, disadvantaged. Unhappily for the Crown Set up in the 1830s to supply Agcl?ts’ the strongest argu- to subject governments in m.ents for retention involve distant corners of the Empire which. . are

use c3o°^a“i pro­ trad“ In the search for new roles cia?'^Tnfres^t^m^ke0^0161'* it courted disaster. Involve- iidmenfs own about suppliers. ment in the, late. 1960s in -pro- Because* the orders thev nlarp perty speculation and secondary tend to be small, and the over banking almost brought cata- head costs of handling such strophe to the Crown Agents orders are high, it is unlikely after the properly market col- that any private-sector organi- 1 lapse in 19/4. It lost £212m, sation would step into the ’ and forced a government rescue Crown Agents’ shoes that cost the taxpayer £175m. In the mid-1970s, it co nee n- Impartiality traled on investment portfolio management for governments In the UK, it is notable that and governmenl-controlled of the £144m of orders handled organisations in the third world. by the Crown Agents in 1982, £39m of them went to 2,400 By the end of the decade, these mmmnioc k,, lt - financial services had become “ rL„ 1 llsted by 1 le Fm' an important cushion of profit nanics III!) , ,qu,oled com‘ for its traditional services, comoanips owncd by Quoted which invariably lost money. Such. , small. com-— In July this year, the loss of a fe“ Ces l„ ^li . ™ the lucrative contract to manage oveJ~ the Sultan of Brunei’s £3.5bn ,,and „ the investment portfolio punctured Appnk °f the., Cr

McMillan-Scott Associates Public Affairs

41 Whitehall l>ondon SWlA 2BZ Telephone. 01-930 6935

. Lifting of arms ban widens Atlantic rift Continued from page one .J*g*™***ek*™&4 ISged “ent'weekMs The^new" ArgSfman anti-Americanism nas been iaunched bv civil servants on undercover anti-Americans, bit- president’s plans for demilitans-

in w siSps s«ss t&s. •.« s m expected to swallow her lhat recertifiCation of Argen- confidence on major issues of source of Dr PfXI* M co annoyance with Mr Tapsell and potential purchaser of policy, leader of the Social Democrats. EH • seize the opportunity to calm us arms di[1 BOt necessarily A further underlying threat lie reminded Mrs Thatcher cm down the chauv mists on her mean that actua, sales were involved in this surprising new that the elected president of W own benches. Instead she m- either planned or in the pipe. development in a party which Argentina due to take office X dulged in an astonishing out- prides itself on its loyalty to on Saturday, could not be I (7\ burst agamst American T^e Foreign Secretary, Sir the North Atlantic partnership branded as a political leper | Government policy. Geoffrey Howe, said in Brus- is its likely impact on the pub- “ In the circumstances Bri- She declared that the enor- seis yesterday’ that Britain lie mood over the establish- tain should n either be sur- mous American budget deficit “would obviously express con- ment of cruise missiles on prised nor angry that tne was causing high interest rates cern” over any US arms sales British soil. UnitedStatessends Vice-Fresi- in North America, which were to Argentina. Sir Geoffrey told Labour’s foreign affairs dent Bush to the inaugural cer- extremely damaging to Britain reporters that Britain would spokesman, Mr Denis Healey emony and intends to reopen and to other European coun- be concerned “at the prospect said that Mrs Thatcher should full and friendly relations, tries. Moreover, she added, 0f Argentina securing weapons be the last person to complain “ \V e should not forget ine America’s “fantastic” balance which could be used in any about the US decision. support we had from tne of trade deficit contrasted future conflict in the Falkland Speaking on Channel Four United States during the *aiK- sharply with Britain’s pru- islands. Our opposition to that news, he said that the Prime lands war, nor the heavy poiiii- dently established surplus of js very clear ” Minister had agreed to provid- cal and economic cost that ten £1.2 billion this year. The episode seeras likely to ing vital equipment to German on them as a result © To the astonishment of MPs undermine the supposedly warships which were sold to e 4, P • ^ humbug” for the on both sides of the Commons, warm personal relationship Argeoilmans during the elee- hyst 1 enf whjeh is o Mrs Thatcher went on: “ I Mrs Thatcher has cultivated tion. When she was accusea or d supplying arms to p< would rather be in our posi- with President Reagan, as well hypocrisy in the House o Com; currently suPP.3^ fhe ug for tion, which I believe is sustain- as threatening support for the mens shes just brushed ^astde Cl l .. modest militarymilitary CJ able, than in theirs—which I Anglo-American alliance among MrHealey added that the supp '^8 t lhe newly-demo- • fH fear will cause great trouble to Conservative MPs. An Government s sale °i: armsi 10 m Argentina ” s the world within 12 months.” astonishingly large number of the peculiarly revolting crat____ g------:------© S © CJ © m I B c3 be © s 0 s ..-„ s* 3 c&li ! e © u fH B \§ iilili ill t ns IsaJftir © • pH cS £ S3 © £ M bO W) © ft ft a s 9 j£ © © © m B © 3 S © © ©

© re O 4S £.I T3 tO 8 re re .5 © © a • pH w JPS re • £ c A T3 C go 3 s a g s ® ° © © N H © 43 © &!!£*£ s! i O C M 05 s 43 I Eh

McMillan-Scott Associates Public Affairs

41 Whitehall London SW1A 2BZ Telephone. 01-930 6935

L U S pledges safeguards I America Contlnued from page onc Beagle Channel dispute with Chile lie also remarked * “ extensive contacts with a that America was not a major 1T\ 5 /Ok/"'I rf'YOC? variety of concerned parties, arms supplier in that part of GUARDIAN Olt/'ULciC'O including the UK”, but re- X CJ fused to elaborate on them. Latin America. He refused to elaborate on 9.12.83 irn IT T ^ J Mr Romberg told corres- the timing of the move and H Q 1 K I Zh n ifl pondents that the lifting of whether Mr Reagan was giv­ _/L (L4rXXA.JLtA.AXVA. the ban should not be seen ing a final seal of approval as the same as actually sell- to the Bignone military P _^ J ing weapons, nor as a threat junta, as had been alleged a"a*n^t British forces in the by some Congressmen, or welcoming in the democratic­ “ No arms transfers are ally-elected Alfonsin adminis­ From Harold Jackson contemplated which will in­ tration. “ It is not a question in Washington crease the prospects of re­ of certifying a government ” I newed conflict, either in the he said. “ It is a question of THE US State Department Falklands-Malvinas or in the certifying a situation.” said last night that the ban on arms sales to Argentina had been removed after menl attitudes have been frozen in irrele­ “ extensive contacts ” with vance. We have merely piled billions in the British Government. It Argentina: weapons and concrete south. We have found added that no weapons would nothing negotiable. We have suffered pain­ be sold which increased the chance of a renewed Falk­ fully as UN majorities have stacked up lands war. a time to against us. And even when the military President Reagan decided rulers of Argentina were swept away at the to tell Congress that the ballot box—replacing the “ fascist dictator­ Buenos Aires regime had ship ” with whom we could never do moved sufficiently towards “ internationally recognised keep calm business with a benign, intelligent social principles of human rights” democracy—we have still found nothing to for him to certify it as quali­ Mrs Margaret Thatcher was right to say. That Fortress policy is a policy of fied under the International break, with Ronald Reagan over Grenada. sorts ; the policy of the blanket over the Security and Development She is right to question America’s role in Cooperation act. This law, head and the blank cheque. But it was passed in 1981, bars the sale the Lebanon. She is right to express public never to be expected that the rest of the of arms to countries not doubt about the malevolent impact of Wash­ world, and Washington especially, would meeting the required stan­ ington economic policy on much of the hang on to the same blanket. dards — the Pinochet gov­ world. And she is right, too. bitterly to re­ ernment in Chile is still So what will happen now ? In reality, subject to an embargo under sent the unhinged, uneo-ordinated way the probably very little. America is not going to its terms. slights and slaps from the White House are heap armaments upon Mr Alfonsin. He The certification will offi­ visited upon her. But she (and her loyal doesn’t want them. He wants to cut the cially be made tomorrow, to backbenchers) will be wrong, utterly wrong, strutting generals down to size. He is not coincide with the inaugural if they allow Mr Reagan's sudden decision ceremonies for the newly- going to invade the Falklands. He is simply elected Argentinian presi­ to resume arms sales to Argentina to be­ standing pat on a territorial claim on which dent, Mr Raoul Alfonsin. The come the occasion for a fulminating froth he has national unanimity and waiting for Vice-president, Mr George of anti-Americanism. someone to talk to him. . .if not Mrs Bush will be in Buenos Aires We know Mrs Thatcher feels passiona­ as the US representative. Thatcher then, in time, Mr Kinnock or Mr The State Department tely on the issue. Four weeks ago she said Steel or Dr Owen. In the end there will be spokesman, Mr Alan Rom­ as much, in terms. “ I am not going to be talk ; in the end two democracies will more berg, said last night, that the anti-American . . . but I will tell you what calmly explore the bones of a settlement certification decision had wall really make it difficult for me—it’s the that Britain can afford and that the Falk- been made after “dramatic one thing I am very worried about—is if improvements ” in Argen­ landers will accept — if Whitehall can ever tina’s human rights record in they supply arms to the Argentine.” Last summon enough candour to address them the ipast 18 months. night those worries came true. Today she frankly. He cited six specific fac­ will be asked time and again to follow Meanwhile if there has to be a tors—the recent presidential through with angry denunciations. In as far meanwhile — only futile harm and pointless and congressional elections, as she can resist compulsive temptation, she the release of some dissident damage can come from outbursts against a writers and the filing of spe­ should curb her fury and her tongue. The President who seeks to signal his satisfac­ cific charges against others, Prime Minister has a simple, vehement tion with Argentina’s restored freedoms. the end of the “disappear­ vision of the Falklands ; at times almost a American policy needs criticism and dialo­ ances,” the resumption of magnificent obsession. But the vision has full political activity, the gue in so many areas ; but not this one. If removal of press restrictions, never had much to do with reality and she Mrs Thatcher wants to 11 do something ” on and the relaxation of mea­ must, at some stage, allow that reality to the morning after, she should do what she sures against the trade colour her judgment. At what stage ? There openly pledged sixteen months ago and has unions. is no time like the present. since conveniently forgotten: consult fully “The major human rights America ceased arms sales to Buenos question remaining,” Mr and openly with the Falkland Islanders Romberg said, “involves ac­ Aires long ago, on the high tide of Jimmy about the long-term future Britain can offer counting for the abuses of Carter’s concern for civil rights. Two years them. the past. The United States ago, as General Galtieri toyed with his map has consistently encouraged of Port Stanley in private offices, the over­ the Argentine government to provide as full an account­ ture of resumption was being decorously ing as possible on the “ dirty played. Washington, hag-ridden with Marxist war” which led to the disap­ paranoia about Latin America, desperately pearances. “ The Alfonsin needed Argentina back on the team. When government has pledged to address both these issues.” the Galtieri fleet sailed there was an agony The spokesman emphasises of choice in Washington; but the choice that the certification did not was made, and without American logistic mean that arms sales would support, Mrs Thatcher’s boys would surely be resumed at once. “ It only have lost the war, and the election. lifts a prohibition against the re-establishment of a security Since then, however, British Govern- assistance relationship with Argentina.” Should Argentina wish to make arms purchases McMillan-Scott Associates Public Affairs from the United States, each bequest would be considered 41 Whitehall London SWlA 2BZ Telephone: 01-930 6935 on its merits. He said there had been

L j 1

Daily Mail 9th December 1983

By ROBItl OAKLEY

PRESIDENT Reagan delivered a bitter snub to Mrs Thatcher last night when he freed the U.S. arms industry to resume sales to Argentina. Arms Relations between the two former staunch allies are now at rock-bottom. Mrs Thatcher had already been deal angered by the lack of American Continued from Page One consultation over the invasion of declare an end to the Fal li­ Grenada and the lack of advance lands war, which it has warning of the U.S. bombing raid on done. ne ver Syrian positions which increased the The Presidential ‘certifica­ tion that Argentina is now a Condemned risk to Britain’s peace-keeping force fit country to be allowed to in the Lebanon. buy US. weapons will be Nevertheless, It is believed The Americans did tell her about formally released tomorrow, In Washington that the yesterday’s move in advance. But that the day Argentina’s new Argentines urgently need new did not lessen the Prime Ministers’ anger democratically-elected leader engines for the American- at what she sees as a betrayal. It spilled Signor Raul Alfonsin is in­ built Skyhawk jets which at­ over at Commons Question Time in a augurated in the presence of tacked British forces in the bitter denunciation of the handling of American Vice-President Falklands. Bush. **mr^ei^ina,s neighbour Chile the U.S. economy, some hours before the The British Government has still m dispute over the Beagle announcement. been privately assured that Channel, is also worried nothing will be sold to the The American announce­ Wosnraed Argentines which could in­ ment was intended as a recog­ Mrs Thatcher had made the resump­ crease the risk to the Falk- nition of ‘dramatic progress’ tion of arms sales to Argentina a lands. And no arms sales have by Argentina over human yet been requested by Buenos lights. America imposed the deliberate test case of the special Aires. But the symbolism of ban in 1978 in protest against relationship between Britain and the gesture from the U.S. the methods used bv the mili­ America. When she met the President in President is far more import­ tary junta in cracking down Washington in September she urged ant than any actual deals. on dissident Left Winoers him not to go ahead. Exchanges between An American Embassy offic­ many thousands of whonTdis- U.S. and British officials continued up ial stressed yesterday that appeared without trace. until a few days ago as we tried to deter arms sales would be carefully The Americans and British the Americans from authorising reviewed on a case by case Ministers are stressing that weapons deals. basis. ‘We do value our special the President’s certification of Mr Reagan has put America’s need to relationship and we’re not Argentina as a country to mend her fences in South America after incautious, stupid people.’ whom arms may be sold does siding with Britain in the Falklands He claimed that the Ameri­ not mean necessarily that cans did not expect any row any will be sold. War above the special Transatlantic with Britain over the certifi­ In the Commons, the Prime relationship. cation and added : ‘The last Minister condemned the What makes it so difficult for Mrs thing that we would want to Reagan Government for run­ Thatcher to swallow is that she has do is anything that would ning a huge deficit and ex­ stressed again and again that she did pose a threat to British inter­ claimed: ‘I would rather be in not want it to happen. In an interview ests or British people any­ our position, which is sustain­ a month ago with the Editor of the Daily where. That includes the able, than theirs, which I be­ Mail. Sir David English, the Prime South Atlantic.’ lieve will cause great trouble Minister said she was ‘very worried’ He emphasised that •within 12 months.’ about the possibility of resumed arms America’s previous record in She went on to blame high sales—‘that would be the single most selling arms in Latin America American interest rates for was a cautious indeed a parsi­ damaging the economic re­ difficult thing for me’. covery in Europe — and The British Government was particu­ monious one and Insisted claimed they were preventing larly angered because the Americans there would be no arms sales Britain from getting needed have not even used their leverage to which would increase the investment which was being insist that as a condition of arms sales prospects of conflict in the switched to the U.S. being resumed Argentina must formally South Atlantic.

-J Daily Mail 9th December 1983

i

FORGET the public posturing. It was inevitable that the United States would resume arms sales to Argentina when that country embraced demo­ cracy. Our Prime Minister will resent that. But she should be enough of a realist to ride it—even though a suspended state of hostilities still exists down in the South Atlantic. Daily Mail The real issue is icliat arms will America 9th December 1983 sell to the senors ? If they turn out to be missiles and war­ planes and submarines which render Mato Ministers Britain’s defence of the Falklands more dangerous and more costly, then President Reagan will have done pick Carrington ! BRUSSELS: NATO more than trifle with the affections i Foreign Ministers unani­ of a lady. He will have betrayed the mously appointed Lord trust which must underpin the alli­ I Carrington to succeed Joseph Luns of the Neth­ ance between our two nations. erlands as the alliance’s It is that serious at this time. And the Secretary-General. White House had better be made to Carrington, 64, former believe it. Foreign Secretary, takes over in June.

L 1

DAILY TELEGRAPH 8.12.83

/W R A C’s END FALKLANDS DUTY TOUR By Our Port Stanley Falklands Day Correspondent The first contingent of the THE TIMES Today is Falkland Islands’ Women’s Royal Army Corps national day, known as "Battle have completed their# four- Day" after the Battle of the Falkland month tour of duty in the 8.12.83 Islands on December 8, 1914, when Falklands, and their command­ the Royal Navy defeated the ing officer, Capt Diane Foster, German South Atlantic Squadron. described it as being “ pretty After a memorial service in Stanley well unique.” Cathedral, wreaths will be laid at the The Falklands weather had battle memorial and there will be a surprised everyone with almost march past by the band of the 2nd 7 weeks of uninterrupted sun­ Royal Regiment of Fusiliers, with a shine. Many of the girls would Royal Naval detachment and the be returning with suntans said Falkland Islands Defence Force. CaDt. Foster. There is no lack The day will be marked in London I of girls wanting to undertake on Saturday at 11.00 by the annual the Falklands tour. ceremony at the Cenotaph. A new contingent of WRAC’s have arrived under the com­ mand of Capt. Lorna McGregor and they will take over most of the iobs carried out by the first girls, clerical, in the forces H O. police and postal sections and in the cookhouses. Argentine air threat to VICTORY RECALLED By Our Port Stanley Falklands aims Correspondent The Falklands are celebrating today as the 69th anniversary of the British Naval victory to run up Britain’s bill over the Germans in the Battle of the Falklands in 1914. All From Douglas Tweedale i as the country's first civilian three Services are contributing Buenos Aires 1 ruler in nearly bight years. to a day of displays, demonstra­ tions and sport. The outgoing head of Argen­ In a brief meeting postponed tina's Air Force. Brigadier ^ A from Monday, the joint houses Augusto Hughes, has vowed mm of Congress confirmed the that Argentine planes will test results of the elections last Britain's defences on the Falk­ October which gave Scrior land Islands and harass them to Alfonsin the victory', and make the defence more expens­ officially named him President. ive for Mrs Thatcher. Scnor Alfonsin is to be sworn “The Air Force will be p jn on saiurday in a ceremony present in our sovereign air­ V; that will be attended by a ■ : space. testing and probing the number of European and Latin enemy's defence capabilities to mm American heads of state, in- wear him down and make nis \ eluding Spain's Scnor Felipe defence more costly.” the Gonzalez. The US is to be commander said. Scnor Alfonsin: Polishing represented by a delegation led up his first speech by Vice-President George Bush. Brigadier Hughes, who rc- °?orTl\hSe *2? 11 , ,ha‘ "s day in pieparauon for tnc officers still harbour strong vesterdav on a sneech he is to '-Vili^n Bove0rnmcml^aidefnCa fCclill£S lk hcavy deliver to Congress before bring farewril speech "that “th"• ^is adviser! effective our presence is. the au'"1S l‘lc a' ,m' . , prepared a package of cmerg- mnrr* it will cost the enemy to Brigadier Hughes also said cncy measures they will propose ™ , nT “ Cn y that the Air Force proposed that immediately after Scnor Alfonsn maintain his torccs. British capital frozen here takes power. He added that it would be during the war should not be difficult for Britain to continue released and that British com- Those measures arc believed "prov^ding dollars (for the panics not be allowed to take to include sanctions against defence of the islands), cspec- profits out of the country, military officers for human ially since those colonics do not rights abuses in recent years. Meanwhile,’ the Argentine economic measures aimed at produce any dividends. Congress formally proclaimed reducing Argentina's inflation The Air Force has tradition- Scnor Raul Alfonsin as the next rates of more than 400 per cent, ally been the most nationalistic President of Argentina, just four and a plan to reform the of Argentina's armed forces, days before he is to lake office structure of the armed forces.

McMillan-Scott Associates Public Affairs

41 Whitehall London SWlA 2BZ Telephone: 01-9306935 L

Standard 8th December 1983

Dry dock closed to ship in nuclear weapons row i

by Steve Doughty THE British aircraft car­ rier Invincible was barred from an Australian naval dry dock today after her commanders refused to say whether she was carrying nuclear wea- pons. The carrier—spearhead of BE t the Falklands Task Force- had sought permission to dock for propeller repairs. The dispute blew up as Aus­ tralia's Labour Government- torn over nuclear policy- m € enforced a nuclear-free rule ADMIRAL BLACK: covering weapons on Austra­ THE INVINCIBLE : moored in Sydney Harbour. no comment. lian soil. , , . The decision was hailed in for use of a dry dock at Syd­ captain of the Invincible dur­ war there were reports that I Australia as a major rebuff for ney nevel base Australian ing the war, and her current Invincible and other British Britain. Defence Minister Gordon captain, Nicholas Hill-Norton, ships were carrying nuclear Scholes asked if the ship was were making no comment. depth charges. Demonstrations carrying nuclear weapons. Invincible, once intended for In London a Ministry of The reports caused embarass- Australia, has been leading a The Government regards the Defence spokesman refused to ment for the Australian Gov­ dock as Australian soil. discuss the involvement of the ernment which is divided on fly-the-flag tour of the Pacific Australian Government. and Indian oceans intended to An Australian navy spokes­ nuclear policy. foster economic and defence man said: "The British re­ The spokesman said: “The Last month Premier Bob links. fused to say and Mr Scholes ship is suffering a technical Hawke narrowly won a crucial The 20,000-ton carrier, with said the Royal Navy could not difficulty. While it might have vote to develop uranium min­ two frigates and three support use the dry dock as long as it been docked in Sydney, it has ing in South Australia—a ships, arrived in Sydney a week refused an answer bten decided that it does not plan bitterly opposed by his party's Left-wing. after facing demonstrations The commander of the need to be docked at the from anti-nuclear protestors in British ueet, Falklands hero moment." Invincible is due to leave New Zealand. , Throughout the Falklands Australia early in January. When the request was made Rear Admiral Jeremy Black,

mm HM 1 Isabel Peron SUB FOR

ARGENTINA to return temporarily IN TRIALS By TIM BROWN By JULIAN ISHERWOOD in Copenhagen in Madrid JSABEL PERON, 53, rpHE first of a series of x six diesel electric sub­ * former President of marines for the Argentine Argentina, 'is due tem­ navy has begun seaworthi­ porarily >to end her exile in ness tests in the Skag'errak Spain today when she flies off the Danish coast, accord­ back to Buenos Aires. ing to confirmed reports in She is to attend the ceremony Copenhagen. at which Scnor Paul Alfonsin, President-elect, will be sworn j Two of the 216ft TR-1700 sub­ in following his Radical party’s marines are being built for narrow but decisive electoral Buenos Aires by the West Ger­ victory over the Peronists on man Thvssen - Nordseewerke Oct. 30, and according to yard of Emden and the remain­ Peronist sources in Madrid she ing four are being built in plans to return there in JO Argentina under licence. days’ time. Depth tests for the single- engined submarine are being Widow of Gen. Juan Peron. conducted in the freer stretches she became President on his and depths of the Skagerrak death in 1974 only to be in trials which have drawn both deposed in a military coup 633 Eastern and Western intellig­ days later. ence observers. An agreement between Refused to plead Thyssen-Nordseewerke and the She has been in affluent Danish Fredrikshavn docks for exile in Spain for the past repairs and supplies during the two-and-a-half years and refused trials has enabled the sub­ pleas to return to lead the marine to complete tests faster Peronisl election campaign in than if it had been forced to the early autumn. return to Emden. La Senora, as she is known to Assembly line her followers, has refused to make any political comment or The first TR-1700 is to be be interviewed since the military delivered to the Argentine rulers in Argentina released her Navy next April and the second from house arrest and allowed is to be operational next her to go to Spain in July, 1981. December. She has been booked to fly to Two of the submarines being Buenos Aires on an Argentine built under licence in Argentina '•V vS. Sk. are already on the assembly- * Airlines flight leaving Madrid line. late tonight. Travelling with her The deposed Argentine President, Isabel Peron, will be her constant Spanish Cdr John Curtis, British Naval 53, who is returning to Buenos Aires to attend the Attache in Copenhagen, said companion since her exile in that if Argentina maintained a inaugration on Saturday of President Raul Madrid, Sonora Flores Tascon, policy of military confrontation Alfonsin, pictured at her Madrid home. She has and her chief bodyguard. Croat­ lived in Spain since 1981, after five years under ian-born Col Milo Bojetic. W. Oslo p / house arrest in Argentina. H NORWAY / Uj Q —= 4/

=jj^^pFfedrikshavn Falklands war Powered by eight 120-cell HHISmark SUP batteries, the vessel is pro­ DAILY TELEGRAPH gFCopenhagem pelled by a Siemens 6,600 kilo­ watt motor enabling it to make 7.12.83 24 knots submerged. It is one of the largest present designs of submarine and can stay under water for CHEAP CALLS TO at least five days at eight knots k - or below without surfacing to LALKLANDS towards the Falklands. the recharge, submarines would. rprovide- ... “a —Test and delivery schedules By Our Business Correspondent military addition of which we for submarine were frozen Christmas and New Year must be wary.” by the West German Govern- telephone calls to and from the : The TR-1700, with a crew of ment last year during the 30, carries 20 heavyweight wire- Falklands war, but were Falklands will be halved in guided torpedoes which can be recommenced after European price to 75p a minute, British launched from six forward , Governments relaxed their res- Telecom said yesterday. tubes. An option for four trictions on arms sales to The cut price rate will run missile tubes is open but has ' Argentina, from Dec 20 until Jan 11 and not been used so far. Servicemen will be able to make direct calls.

McMiUan-Scott Associates Public Affairs

41 Whitehall London SWlA 2BZ Telephone: Ol-93( 10935

* / *

Coalite

rises 22%

Falkland bound to £10m Two hundred and sixty British workers boarded a ship in Cape Town bound for the Falkland midterm Islands where they will help to MODEST IMPROVEMENTS in build an airstrip to replace the almost all activities produced a one damaged during the 1982 22 per cent rise in first half fighting profits at the Coalite Group, on turnover 9 per cent higher at £190.84m, against £174.95. The taxable surplus of £10m compares with £8.21m, and FINANCIAL included lower interest received TIMES of £1.54m, against £1.61m. Share­ holders will receive a higher distribution of 1.67p (1.55p) net 7.12.83 for the period covering the six months to September 30 1983. Tax for the period takes £5.2m (£4.27m). The company's .main contribu­ tion derives from fuel processing’ and distribution operations and,

Dividends Announced p26

as always, the directors point out that the outcome for the second half will depend largely on the winter weather. Other interests of the group incorporate the manufacture of solid smokeless fuel, vehicle building and distribution, trans­ port, warehousing and shipping services, builders merchanting, instrument manufacture and sheep farming in the Falkland Islands. For the whole of last year group pushed its taxable surplus up from £23.86m to £27.34m and paid a final dividend of 3.5p (3.1p). THE TIMES • comment Stock profits from solid fuel 7.12.83 helped boost profits from Coalite’s main business in what is traditionally the quieter period, covering the summer months. The rest of the group has shown an all round improve­ Argentine junta dissolves itself ment, with perhaps vehicle From Douglas Tweedale, Buenos Aires building being the least attrac­ tive. Coalite saw a welcome htJrWt J,unta which The junta has also annulled retain power, and shortly after turnround in its transport ware- housing business and in one of ge“ military all the statutes and by-laws, the war it announced elections. its small instrument manufactur­ S22E51*®1 has, °rdered lls ?wn enacted by the military Govern- 0 MADRID: Senora Isabel ing companies. The cash and more than P seven ^ear^ o°f r'k'IS seized power in Peron, widow of the former investment pile, £37m at the vear iinnnmiior -rfven years ot March 1976, thus eliminating Argentine dictator, is tempor- end, continues to bring in sub­ and nJvin^1 hary goveFnmenl the last formal vestiges of arily to abandon her exile in stantial income, despite lower eteeS Lilian Comment m,li‘ary P°Wer' SpainHand 1iuenos Aires. interest rates. Chairman Ted due to takp nflSi ™ e«nment coincide with the inauguration Needham says Coalite continues due to take office on Saturday. The junta was the last of four of Senor Alfonsin, Peronist to look around for acquisitions 1 he newly elected Congress is VTiS1 “ayc held power since sources indicated here (Richard of various sizes—though nothing aufc to proclaim Senor Raul I9'6’ including the one over Wiggwrites). seems imminent that would make Alfonsin, the winner of elec- w^ich General Galtieri presid- She was due to leave last a really big dent in the cash. Meanwhile, the company con­ lions on October 30, as the <;d, which ordered Argentina’s night and will be staying in tinues to be “prudent” on divi­ s next President today. disastrous occupation of the Argentina for about 10 days. dend payments, though if hc . outgoing President, FaHdands. That defeat and She will be accompanied by a analysts’ forecasts of around uf- ReynaIdo Bignone, will 8rowing resistance to the Spanish woman friend and her £31.5m pre-tax for the year ruMin as provisional President Government s repressive social chief bodyguard, a Croatian materialise, the final dividend unta benor Alfonsin is sworn in and economic policies made it exile. She has been living in may be a little more generous. on at turd ay. impossible for the military to Spain since June, 1981. The shares rose 5p to 170p where they sell on a p/e of 9.5. ' i

McMillan-Scott Associates Public Affairs 41 Whitehall London SWlA 2BZ Telephone: 01-931)0035 [

,'.V.- £ llasN *stssS-. f s i|!l!l IgaP|:! 1 fiMfts Hlflrll Daily Mail 1 -g^ss*5c 6.12.83 m S l|“lll-s! s^eass5 m CD 5g,g-giWisp35Si5 sk,,»§|-2jmma ««il°s§a s&5g“S^I I a f5s^a§s=«is.i=§:i: :kr«°zm*Mh*3 CD !i gii.^s m^ssi

*3* rt co 0) |II?I|lfIIl!K> §; £ PC3 m iipsfa'flsi- Hi li’lllllipflil % IpSlfe II"s3||i;i!!-ll!Ss.sS2Sg^8|s|^§a^Sn SS?g sI-“-SSpS 2-aSSra B^gs>'Sg§p=>.c:a s=s|s-feiS'S- -l0o^ =4^ |lssa|S£ll§tI“Ia|f c 3 oc=3 cd ma if55is!l!lll!{l;l! (53 m 5l!!!tel!ft|isi!= 4) CD m iiiis iMir* £ &

-“ m aiiflji o ou “!’gps Sg'5“0)S'2» ISsO |a«--S5||og 1=3 O Pi ® I! sil!i fulfill l-s Sgg-3” lrf3-aa*lsl T3 ;ifi:ililjlii!i!I h r.ri^g s| 0) PI g-Sas Si agings- -a >> §- Jlssos-0* ^es o ce wg.gglgg-spcc“ ^ s.§ assis ^s&^Ias a CD g^gs sis? 1 o^^-g ttS^ *|a S*g&'2gSS8-«g 0) P’S0 £§5* g-O^Ss-3: ■g|*3 S|“§ °-h|g .|i:^!s^P2 l5|8fMI I5!St|!fil«!|la o jsl|l;SS ifSli;; jljft

Daily Mail 6.12.83

‘Make the Foreign Daily Mail 5.12.83 Office toe line’ Carrington job By Political Staff under the direct authority of BRUSSELS : Former British the Prime Minister. THE Prime Minister is The institute praises the Foreign Office for technical today urged to set up a SS2Srnously nominatedWi *«*££-to replace new body to check the efficiency, but says it tries to advice given her by the insulate its policies from the tr»«;pnh Liuis as Nato seciei^ry effect of governments which general orchis retirement next Foreign Office and provide come and go. believing it vear when the 16 members of her with alternative knows better than the politi­ the Atlantic alliance meet policies. cians. here this week. A study paper from the Former MP Mr Geoffrey Thatcherite Adam Smith In­ Stewart-Smith, one of the stitute complains that the authors, called for public Foreign Office does not speak funds to be made available to up for Britain and urges the outside bodies like the Insti­ creation of a new National tute of Strategic Studies (and, Security Council with the presumably, the Adam Smith status of a Whitehall depart­ institute) to question Foreign ment. Office policies on particular The council would have its issues. own staff, given access to in­ telligence and diplomatic in­ A case for two Foreign formation, and would come Offices—Page SIX.

Daily Mail 6.12.83.

ease 8of tw© F@ffen§s& OSfices So why not carry on as usual THEY used to say that the briefing direct to the Prime Min­ In the UN institutions, but also clerks of the Foreign Office r.W.CM^fcS’S ster (and Cabinet) an alterna­ were like the fountains in 1 '’novfwhh*iHfc a*n for a National tive point of view to help them representing Trafalgar Square, because judge critically what the FO was they played from ten till telling them. a The81 quallfic a?i o rf &f°r Joining three. chcrito Adam Smith Institute is It would also make It muen would be above alelsewhethr adopting Harold .Wilson’s old easier to take foreign policy Certainly, this large body of trick of creating a department initiatives rather than merely a offiicals has become self-sufficient reacting to events. change and insulated from the nation. '“irdon^iSTsollsh.ly The most dramatio of tne ti0Thls body would have moral Their virtual monopoly of this scheme has real proposed initiatives concerns much of the information neces­ because the United Nations authority. The desire * ®®u" sary for Governments to take Since the original membership tries to join it would create an foreign policy decisions makes it of 50, the UN has acquired more incentive to improve democrats hard for politicians to argue with than 100 extra, mostly small and institutions, \ the single interpretation which the FO adopts. undemocratic nations who tend RUSSELL LEWIS 1 That has already led tho It oouid supply authoritative to support the Soviet bloc. THE TIMES 6.12.83

England football team ready to play Argentina The England football team is likely to play Argentina next summer for the first time since the Falklands conflict. England have been invited to compete in a tournament in Brazil to celebrate the seventi­ eth anniversary of the Brazilian Football Association. Argentina are expected to take part. The Football Association have provisionally accepted the Brazilian invitation. The sec­ retary of the FA, Mr Ted Croker, said yesterday: “We will play any countries invited ” Plans are still being finalized, but if the provisionally fixed date of June 9 is confirmed then England's participation seems certain. Page 26

GUARDIAN 6.12.83

Falklands ferry set to

sail from Cape Town South Africa. It amounted to a is expected to take 11 days and From Barry Streek strategic agreement between The England will return to in Cape Town South Africa and Britain for Cape Town early in January to A ferry leaves Cape Town the .Cape route, the south fetch the next batch of today with the first batch of Atlantic and the Antarctic, workers. They will be flown 250 JBritish workers for the they gai(J 0ut from Britain by South Falkland Islands to begin the The British Government gave African Airways, building of the new £2o0-million an aSSUrance that all workers According to reports here, airport. and all materials would come The England wiTT be used only The use of the South Afri- from Britain, arguing that the for ferrying workers as all can port was strongly citicised use of Cape Town would re- equipment for building the air- by 24 Labour MPs, sponsored duce costs. port is to be shipped directly by the Transport and General The 8,100-ton Danish-built from Britain in another ship, Workers’ Union and the Anti- ferry, renamed The England, is the 14,000-ton Merchant' Provi- Apartheid Movement when the fitted with stabilisers and is dence. Its passenger list is decision was announced in designed to handle conditions expected to include crane and October similar to those in the south construction machinery opera- They argued tha^ the use of Atlantic, including the Furious tors boatmen, quan^ workers. Pane Town would be a breach Fifty latitude which she will road and water installation of the UN Security Council’s cross twice a month. workers and a back-up staff of military smitions against The voyage to the Falklands office workers.______

McMillan-Scott Associates Public Affairs

41 Whitehall London SW1A 2BZ Telephone () 1 -‘J .V) (>‘J .15 Sunday Telegraph 4th December 1983

Taylor made for it TT'S not everybody's idea I of the ideal job, despite a salary of £33,000 a year. Very bracing, the Falkland Islands, but also a little on the remote side. Mr David Taylor, the newly appointed chief executive of the j Falkland Islands Government, who left for there on Thursday is unperturbed. The last chief executive the Falklands needs is a flamboyant, fast-talking whizz- kid. They have not got one. “Senior Booker McConnell! executive on secondment” Mr j Taylor may be. but he conveys much more of the flavour of his first employers, the Colonial; Service, for whom he worked in ; what was then Tanganyika. As he himself says, this is the £or-fcr of job he could have ex- And there’s always a problem yes. :ted if he had never left, with short stayers. That’s why Nevertheless, it was “ a total I decided to stay for three surprise ” when he was years: three years sounds like approached by the Overseas a commitment, two years sounds Development Administration like a contract.” “ But the more I thought about the move, the more [ felt it And he stresses„ .amid all the would be a very difficult job to Shackletonia, all the projects, resist if it was offered.” th«r sPee V'aft-h^atoiy p4per: TieSpecSai': ••' ^o^ib^r j 933 f and the detritus at' w era civiii^a^ i^Oi the'scrub round every hur-iafa j i and their Si *. , • fs day dinner bul ifrclr Only the toughest could have/sfeviyod d children learned mlsh. Further north she whet the family 'called ‘that:riagedjft^ , f » Welsh Nationalist team Tilde# vij&fr lime to William, his wife, grandfather,^^i?i|jji.;j;. , ;ij J-. the settitr* ih‘ thdlChuiiiH Valley, who hod • arms and. six children saw all th^&^plies ® provedthat survival irt Patagonia was possi- in v. boat coming ashore-.• $ #. ble* gradually tost touch with home. ‘The U ;■? biscuits, a kettle, a sewing hjaehine:,.' ‘$ $L danger’, a journalist wrote in 1910, ‘takes v-n i'.^ther’s'bOK of tools, leaving, the . | ® the form ctf the dark-eyed Argentinian maid ■v •: > •/ a sail to shehsr them from, .&; 9 who is apt to make roast meat of the heart .: r>g c^'tnak>.W\lUsp: ^tdfrsouth,-;, ;|.r W ofthe Welsh youth*. Against the dark eyes, - his sheep,’9'oming-S.Miss Lloyd Jones, ’the Patagonian naii-starved brood, i or tin ye&dp$toit& at|j. 1 nightingale’ , sang in vain. - Mast Anglo- : -/ 0. ! ^ .sh tep* Mtbel climbed | Argentines were not enthusiastically pro- ■ c caudle oa ;V i end of a sdefe'W'roui; ’.| ^ British in Ihe Falkland* War; •.'after all, coi. %' jWihpme 'tends, to 'he’-where your land and s?-;ivh-ing Tehueiche indiasj&'iwere. ; S'mpitey is.:. •'>DA" -’*•;•' ■’ 'c.v.; of a bc'iher than the pumas, T^eiahjlly .; | ft With the expansion of settlements the cf- yrmembered them as a people tov^d | jS$c't of ioneliriess weakens; but odd balls

•. ■; -j Parties and played a form of brag pieced up i% slhad always flourtshbd.— whether they came from stranded sailors. Mr Maiow^ring’s • . f -jpdd-to Patagonia or whether Patagonia sympathetic account of the trageay of these |. therm so, Mr Main waring seizes on splendid horsemen makes sad rea4|#d&>t- . ®flheni, indeed might1 be charged with drag- ted by traders’ alcohol, riddled;’ jpg them in: OrUie Antoine, self-styled pean disease, hunted4own4i^;^;^*#:',^, # *ing of Pa^ontfV: distributor of bogus Viva•' ..r:'« Scotia! tiers, the last pure bred Tehpek^^-d^d,^ ^ piles and protector! of Indian?, ended up as Raymond Carr 1945; They stank and ® lamplighter in his native town; George after all, waa the; natural Ipnttnww^the rhea hunter who shunned . From the to Palosoafen The Story^9% pioneer FaudSy primitive poor to the exotic rich^dt-the Society and slept in the snow without a Mldiadtames Malnwarlng Bottlers could not accept this ^ | jgtenket; ‘Mister* Jack Harris, who propped Mexican selva tribal Indians stow Jtefcoply. fc W" hair, dressed as a man, rode like fury (Allison & Busby £12.95) pair of trousers. ‘You have manpjp^' at f> fed vanished to Canada. These flashes snrSrrstttWt K^SK3£*S®v~ I |^JSn&rs t

cache as Mr Mainwafing. On a holiday trip regained f™88”’ if" '" - U • to Patagonia he met Mabel HaUiday, the Agamrt ^1 Jhe-otto -£&£***» | :r... 'last striving child of William Halliday they lost 3.000,^ ^ grated from DamfHes the HaUkUyS m. • - totite FslkhuMtetod then, in 1883, set up as their W00'^ { ' % a sheep farmer" on 30,000 acres of Staton, a sohd hou^, .{j | uninhabited waste in southern Patagonia, afford to come with M From family diaries and Mabel’s memories, Scotland.In ^ Mr Mainwarinji has'piSed^together an y vmo worked . ■%< extraordinaty/iccount of Inhuman v- | .endeavour %td endurance tW has trouble and the.. somehow^ropped out of a world Are no peons revolt. The 9..

crew: /ot all Scots were, as Anthony PovWl with their sna^ng * ' J & ' ^^mSs^hbSSr^S them/The Ha.Udayswe^o«hmg^A J;' & 7(o^

I'.

good abroad. At the age of 17 he decided to \ Mr MainwaringMainwanngis is a* noveUsif. a^; . fc\ sign on for 20 years as a shepherd for the Vconomiciconomic historian.hi.ty.ap, PerhapsP^h^JKgajn ,. | Falkland Islands Company, iheme is the e{{effect^1 , ^pf loneUhcss;| S # By the time William arrived on Parwtn’s ffcrced closeness ...,|.r ‘miserable islands’ described by a traveller ^ in a world where there were re^nan j,, ...... beings stands revealed in iheir dife: ‘A v iu 1854 as ‘the best-suited spot in Her Ma- jesty’s dominions for a.convict station’ the fix carried off thethe sanda'.gander’, The‘Theibb^flew tte fl^ fav,, _f: FalklandsFalkland! were a huge sheep ranch. Fed up alvayalvay today’today'. . MaimwarlngM^amwaripg does,not:does **,.&; r, ! with the reluctance of the Falkland Islands ebriomic exparaion ,n ojrantfla^|^ || .romoanv to arant enterprising shepherds but only its effects on human relatjMships. land after 20 years’ labour and'its propensi- Gradually, isolation ^ *ty to appoint managers from Britain, he iwn of R.o CWle^s decided to try his luck in Patagonia, that in- banks across the river.fr rft ospitable last thousand miles Of South' /The foreign settlers began to I, ■, ^ . sS. ported that the men were giants who ate' c

!■;

"M’-' '.vV™"..■-••• W?H *

DAILY JUNTA DEFEAT TELEGRAPH 5.12.83 MWAS NATURAL CONSEQUENCE % MARY SPECK in Buenos Aires ^HE Argentine Army has admitted in an official report that it was: never adequately “ organised, equipped or trained ” to confront British forces in the Falklands conflict. In a report released on Friday, the Army said Argentina’s defeat was the “ natural consequence of severely adverse factors” including the “ tactical capacity of the British command and the courage and DAILY training of their troops.” TELEGRAPH T ! ARGENTINA The report was prepared 3.12.83 by Gen. Edgardo Calvi, Army Chief of Staff. . • • FALKLAND It.i§.the first in-depth analysis ISLANDS of the Falklands war invade MOBILE PORT SAILS public by the armed forces. By Our Shipping Correspondent X The release of tthe Calvi re­ Cj ^S^^Tierre del Fuega port came -more 'than a week The first two parts of the after an Argentine magazine new mobile harbour for the published a secret report pre­ Falklands. completed at the pared by an Armed Forces Marl and and Wolff shipyard m Sjjj!* . HORN IDisputed] A Commission led by retired Gen. Belfast, set sail on their 12,000- Channel! | Islands I j Benjamin Ttattenbach. mile journey south. 0 Miles The Rattenbaoh report, which the Military Government claims was published illegally/charges the 'military 'junta’ of former DISPUTE ON President Galtieri with “ negli­ gently” causing Argentina’s defeat. CHANNEL ‘TO The Calvi'report cites the lack of air and naval support END SOON as a major reason for the de­ feat. The crucial battle of Goose WILDLIFE HINTS By MARY SPECK Green was -lost when the navy in Buenos Aires and air force rejected an attack by paratroopers because it FOR FALKLANDS ARGENTINA’S new would result in “excessive Government expects to losses’-’ for-their units, it said. resolve its dispute with SERVICEMEN Oh-iile over the Beagle Useless equipment By Our Defence Correspondent Channel shortly after the The report also admits that A 20-minute film of South Dec. .10 inauguration, says the Argentine Army used Atlantic wildlife is being shown Dr Hugo Gobbi, newly- poorly-trained conscripts, manv to all Servicemen before they appointed sub-secretary o-f ?f .wh.om 9ame from semi- leave for their tours of duty the Foreign Ministry. VJSiS* /eg,.lon.s northern Compiled from material shot n- i I • Argentina, instead of troops by Cindy Buxton, the natural­ L-? ney iadv',Srer' 1° trained in the Andas Mountains. ist. who, with Annie Price sur­ Alfonsin Britain’s technological superi- vived ir: South Georgia during Fnrpfffn °Mji?2!frCapiit0’ futqrf ori-ty was enhanced when Ar- the Argentine invasion, it de­ solutinn h th/’ afon, ? qui?u ^entine equipment was ren- monstrates the reasons for rhn?°j?vpl°fhjL* • iW1Sh dered useless because of such troops to take special care to off the southern tin nFUip t11^8 Problems as a lack of batteries avoid upselling the Falklands Islands’ wildlife. The film makes three rules which the Defence Ministry and Falkland conservationists sug­ gest should govern behaviour ** ,Wj. solve the Beagle: surrenderedi|sr,£'£ss to British troops, of troops: Do not chase any­ ■ dispute* we are show- former President Galtieri told thing; do not disturb anything; ing that we can find peaceful him his men “ should charge and. “ if you wish to photo­ solutions, even when they are out of the trenches, not back graph anything, sit down, stay not entirely favourable to us ” into them,” because “the quiet, and let the wildlife come he said m a recent interview. British must also be exhausted.” to you. Its so tame it probably He said the new Govern- But when Gen. Menendez will.” ment wanted to reach a rapid insisted that his orders were agreement with Chile even at impossible to carry out, Presi- °f °ffei}ding some dent Galtieri allowed his field Argentine nationalists. But it commander to make the final .did not expect a rapid solution decision on Argentina’s surren- i to the Falklands dispute. der.

McMillan-Scott Associates Public Affairs 41 Whitehall London SW1A 2BZ Telephone: 01-930 6935 I

THE TIMES 3.12.83

Junta did not expect a war From Douglas Tweedale, Buenos Aires The latest published excerpts elected civilian government, the Government’s own investi- from the top-secret Raltenbach junla ordered both military and gation of who was responsible report on Argentina’s defeat in civilian courts’ to look into for the Falklands war. the Falklands war reveal that possible violations of secrecy As President, Senor Alfonsin the junta which ordered the laws in the publication of the will have the final word on the occupation of the islands did report. fate of those military officers not seriously consider the Air Commodore Carlos Rey, court-martialled by the Su- possibility that Britain would one of the authors of the report, preme Council of the Armed react with military force. said the leak “is extremely Forces. That court-martial has The weekly magazine Siete serious and a breach of a begun summary proceedings Dias published on Wednesday national secret”, and that it was but will probably take several the second instalment of ex­ probably “due to motives of months to pass a verdict on cerpts from the military’s profits”. those indicted by the Ratten- definitive investigation of the bach report. war, which strongly condemns Scnor Raul Borras, desig- the decision to seize the islands nated to be Defence Minister There arc only 10 copies of and states that confused stra­ under President-elect Raul the 300-pagc report in existence, tegic planning led the country Alfonsin, said that the Ratten- and Siete Dias said it had access into a war for which it was not bach report would be used as to the copy sent to the current prepared. the first step in the future junta. “A British reaction, including the massive use of military force, was considered little short of impossible” by the military Time to talk, says Steel and civilian officials who By Our Political Editor planned the Argentine occu­ pation, the report says. Mr David Steel, leader of the term answer and was pro- In a nine-month study of the Liberal Party, said yesterday foundly damaging to Britain’s war, the special military com­ that failure to pursue nego- national defence commitments, mission which drafted the tiations with Argentina over the The economic burden of de- report found that the military Falkland Islands would be to fending the islands, at about junta began planning an in­ abandon a crucial opportunity *750m a year, was more than vasion of the Falklands as early the total air defence cost of as January 12, 1982, several presented by Argentina’s re­ turn to democracy. Britain. months before Argentine work­ There had been a “clear men on South Georgia triggered Speaking to members of renunciation of hostilities and a diplomatic incident which led Edinburgh University Air the future use of force” by to the war. Squadron, he said that a policy Argentina. Continuation of In its last scheduled meeting of “Fortress Falklands”, made hostilities could only lead to before turning over power to the necessary by war, was no long- greater defence spending.

McMiUan-Scott Associates Public Affairs 41 Whitehall London SW1A2BZ Telephone: 01-930 6935 Cross-border liaison in fight GUARDIAN 3.12.83 against leftwing insurgents

Guatemalans

want British

soldiers to

stay in Belize From Paul Ellman in Guatemala City Guatemala has told Britain that it hopes British troops will be kept in Belize as a bul­ wark against leftist guerrillas who are trying to overthrow the government here using it as a base. Britain maintains an 1,800- man garrison in Belize, backed by a flight of RAF Harrier jets, ostensibly as a deterrent against an invasion by Guate­ mala which claims the former British colony as part of its territory. The Guatemalan message, delivered privately through the British Embassy in Mexico City in the absence of British- General Meji- Victores Guatemalan relations, comes at a time when there are other area 0£ operations 0f the Rebel pressures on Britain to main- Armed Forces (FAR) one of tain the military presence in four insurgent groups operat­ Belize. ing under the umbrella of the This pressure, which is caus­ Guatemalan National Revolu­ ing concern among Foreign Office officials, comes from tionary Union (URNG). Belizian politicians, who fear Diplomats noted that the that their country could fall Miami meeting involved no re- prey to leftwing guerrilla sub * presentatives of the Guatema­ version, and from the US lan Foreign Ministry and that which is anxious to see an ally the Guatemalan delegation con­ maintain a military presence in sisted almost entirely of the region. officers from General Mejia At a secret meeting in Victores’s personal entourage. Miami last September,' attended They also noted the presence u ' thp head of the Foreign of a representative of the Bell- Office’s Mexico and Centra" zian Defence Force, a lightly America department, Mr Bryan ariJ|.e? gendarmerie trained by White, Guatemala proposed the Britain to maintain law and creation of' joint patrols along order and theoretically fill the the border and offered to train sap left by the British army in Belizian. troops in this role. the event of a withdrawal. ^ •: The meeting was the first Despite the public since unsuccessful talks in shown by Guatemala which New York in January. It pro. has attempted to cast its claim duced no progress on -a Guate- to Belize in the same mould as malan 0gere t0 recognise the, Argentinian claim to the Belize,s independence in ex. Falklands, diplomatic sources ciiange for the cessi0n of the here said that informal re a- southern Belizian province of tions with London have be- Toledo. come increasingly warm. Nevertheless, it has been fol- - The military regime headed lowed by a relaxation of ten- by General Oscar Humberto sion along the border, and Mejia Victores, which took British officers now maintain power in a coup on August 8, regular liaison with their Gua- moved swiftly to reassure Bri- temalan counterparts which is tain that it had no intention of said to have resulted in invading. exchanges of information on Belize borders Guatemala’s the movements of Guatemalan I Peten province, which is the guerrillas.

McMiUan-Scott Associates Public Adairs 41 Whitehall London SWlA 2BZ Telephone: 01-930 6935 m • m £ ;

m ! © pzz^ o>

Jv ■ ' T. flm Q u

03

• ~s In CS st V i a 1 &*

& a c»

S ro I—I CO Eh (N Crt W « E cfl Jf Eh CO fe Srltt1!! i|lili5flii!?i!!!l !pp ziZ*S*Z«$ •gll=3>2 esa.|~«-s|£ = »= s'g-« ^

I mi slili si :-l* i til ai ^ I is sflis sitll s si oS&^SS,5838 -^.sa &£>«§ ■aS.s’a.S-SfiSssa^ig 38^-Sfi McMillan-Scott Associates Public Affairs ’

41 Whitehall London SWl A 2BZ Telephone: Ol-Wl (M5 CO w 2 oo M CO Eh CM W * • X H 00

McMillan-Scott Associates Public Affairs

41 Whitehall London SW1A 2HZ Telephone: Ul-^.U) h'J.Vi A K&aoU&ei fov the changing times: The empty Slight deck oS Hermes and (above) one o£ her proud crew. A great ship beached by *ne v Pictures by neville marriner in the fact that this lounge deck an “Exocet coming" warning. We only colour was inl the u gln was where the aircrews slept all hit the deck. Then got up and AT THE eleventh hour the of the Marine bugerexcn the before getting up at dawn to watched the Atlantic Conveyor Sailor’s God relented, thin, clear cmWies * 770ft By Brian James dominate the sky over the Falk- on fire. Bloody awful. We knew command, and tn« the missiles were meant for us.’ reached down and lifted harbour as a labour intensive. And, of course, lands. pennant trifling ^ service- about how it is • . • not how Down in the quiet aircraft There has been a Hermes in the web of fog that hid the boast to her 30-year lepratlon. things used to be. every ship has a useful life which hanger. the off-duty crew mus- the Navy since 1796. The first upturned prow of HMS But this wa^ streets Thus the Captain. Ken Snow, inevitably ends.’ tered to see a film, Psycho II. ship converted to carry aircraft the last of his rank to have this Nonetheless : ‘I was the man Hermes even from men The civvies wave. who had to bring on board the ’Been a good lot to run', said the was a Hermes. The first purpose- who ran the 'frontother RN command : 'I know, accept, and ship’s disciplinarian. Fleet Master built aircraft carrier was a standing on her stern. endorse the reasons for ending news that she was going on the at Arms. Dick Aylott. Hermes. In each world war a the sailors of every shelf. All expected it, yet still And so the last of the ‘big vessel who troope wason tradition the active service of Hermes. ’I'm the link between the men Hermes has gone down fighting ships’ that our Royal Navy will watch, knew She’s had an unbelievable record chins did drop. and bridge. Supposed to hear all the enemy. This Hermes is the ever command was able to slide last of efficient service, been the big- •People’s first thought was the buzzes, sense the mood. tenth of her name. to her berth in Devonport docks g'Hemis “planed ^ M «£ed 30 gest and best in the RN for years. "What have we done wrong?” Happy Hermes is right—because precisely on schedule. The second was "What’s the As she inched up the deep- year the last war, laun"r0per' But times, and needs, change.’ they do the .job right. There was water channel. I found a full Another half hour and the tiny years0fagoewaSs the lafr&ces Nonetheless : ‘I am almost point of going on training?’’ never a need to chase 'em’. commander on the quarter-deck ‘window’ of tide, current and carrier. The ship tha val, Is ridiculously pleased to have been Then the third was "So long as Yesterday, Hermes* men were personally polishing a beautiful wind would have closed, leaving her in 18 month . heI- si ^ given her before she finishes. No she is still in service, let's keep scattering on leave Many will wooden plaque, the size of a Hermes steaming in slow, little more than ban for “r officer could think otherwise.her as the best." never go to sea again. And none dining table, that lists HMS measured squares in Falmouth Being aboard Hermea ’Frigates can come and go In the half-deserted wardroom will ever sail on a ship that big. Heitnes battle honours : Bay. Perhaps for days. about the world. But Hermes is officers apologised this last night But many will cherish memories. ‘Nice thing, isn't it ? I suppose /«nd that would have been a last day and night* . n0t \ut odd sort of prince hearse “u‘ so visible — physically and politi­ out for the lack of crowd. ‘With Like Charge Chief Chris when they finally scrap us or sell grotesquely unkempt end to the hitching a “ft °on a "an But then the stories started, •The night I remember was in ship. It’ll look bloody silly on a The world seemed dressed for 'By modern standards Hermes is and there was clearly some pride the South Atlantic when we had rotten submarine.’ Captain Snow : ‘Ridiculously pleased’ the occasion, sea, sky and city high-tec realists rSat* DECEMBER1983 85p

X K0D3. MAGAZUG

• • - ET D r JU feliMiKJ 1 ' ’ •i; -rv D X Tt iTj d U EL : C 1 i / j Lrj o MSsS1 ££I J :

--i_ . r T^-ay. i : . •: ' . -.7 r vVfBS®

■ "—■-.?! ,f,*'-'s->. UK ■ fA'* 1 gg r V-: i ? -4 4X#?i 1 y & I • rn .pWil E ■ :.x^ m - i.. V. ■

! •/vJ -. -v • Hk V / >y ■WISp*'*A: ■ PI - •- .. . ■ v ' ,\ ./: b ms ■ Acp S3 f ’ |> sj •>l^k ] . -x ■

ill ;h: KvA '■ ■ y nimm -v > pCsflfiW

y - IX*- y Ip

c

>,-Jv,

lildimgj § E=i®i|OT[m©init dde ISdeidiib

Msxfellig;« Hutas cm S^mmura

s'Assawe LS§3* r r r x r [ (j-r'Nnc iA^r^r< , ., ( ■ ^_r '^U Lit] L; ^r' l. Lilik.^ c ni r„ L Cx-ikJuvAL ivXJL: Li'w.^jws? L_£ ''v. *

DECEMBER 1983

* \ >

Vv* ■ ri ,

% \ t If 0 — Lz/jL . L . i l, U ' W U LzC 'L w. Y. Carman describes the beginnings of the Islands’ local defence force Illustrations by Bryan Fosten Falkland Islands now known to many Commander John Byron (grandfather of the I people through the Argentine invasion, poet) arrived in 1765 naming his anchorage have a history which goes back as far as many Port Egmont in honour of the Earl of Egmont of the early territories of the British Empire or who was then the First Lord of the Admiralty Commonwealth and a hundred British settlers were estab­ A Frenchman writing two and a half cen­ lished at that time Unfortunately, in inter­ turies later said that Americus Vespucius had national warfare the British settlement was sighted the islands in 1 502 but this is not well destroyed by the Spanish in 1767 For their documented However there is no doubt that part the French sold their property to the Captain John Davis in the ship Desire was Spanish in the same year, and the new owners ,owarc^s lhe islands on 11 th September, soon expelled the French settlers. Spain kept h n Tw° years later Sir Richard Hawkins in the French name, but rendered it as the the Dainty explored the coastline but made no Malvinas. That nation also sent warships to landing. A landing was made in 1690 by attack Port Egmont. The British Navy prepared Captain John Strong who named the islands a squadron to retaliate and among those after Anthony Viscount Falkland who at that mobilised at Chatham was a young volunteer time was the First Lord of the Admiralty. — Horatio Nelson. Whether the Spanish had rv/i ruary ^64 a party of 23 settlers from St Malo led by Louis Anton de Bougainville Above, the Falkland Islands Company c.1857, landed on East Falkland, naming that part/es showing from left to right, corporal, acting lies Maloumes after their home port The place sergeant-major, officer in frock coat and bugler. where they landed they called Fort St Louis Left, the coat-of-arms for the Falkland Islands as (later Port Louis) and 28 people were left heraldically approved in 1948 and carried in the behind as settlers, when the ship departed centre of the Union flag. 926 MILITARY MODELLING major wears a round forage cap with a flat foresight of that coming naval hero is doubtful used his connections to have a small party of jutting peak and the initials ”F I C“ on the band but they desisted from their agression and Sappers and Miners brought over to improve He appears to have gold lace round the top and handed the settlement back to the British in the condition of the islanders by newroads and front of his collar, also around his cuffs. He 1771. However the British could not make a an adequate water supply carries a crown and three chevrons on his right living in the islands and left in 1774, whilst Attempts were made to create a local upper arm and a crimson sash over his right retaining their claim to sovereignty, by military force and in 1847 among the material shoulder. Moustachioed and with several erecting a leaden plaque declaring that the which was sent out from Whitehall for the medals on his chest he obviously was a known islands were to be the sole right and property of islanders was cavalry equipment for local use. character. His white waistbelt has a circular King George II. Even Spain lost interest in the On October 3rd two groups of soldiery were clasp in front and his sword is behind him so East Falklands and their settlers left in 1811 formed, one for infantry consisting of a cap­ In 1816 the rebel government of La Plata tain. two lieutenants, an ensign, a sergeant, that the hilt is hidden. A corporal wears the same type of tunic, but (later to be named Argentina) broke away from two corporals and 47 privates The other group his two chevrons are white, not gold as the the control of Spain, but it was not until 1820 intended to be mounted was somewhat similar senior NCO and he has service stripes on his that it decided to lay claim to former Spanish in organisation, but had a cornet instead of an forearm His two medals suggest that he was possessions, including the Falklands Need­ ensign and in the other ranks only a corporal sketched from life He has white shoulder- less to say Great Britain made firm objections. and 1 8 men There was to be a small artillery straps and his dark blue kilmarnock cap has no After some delay, in 1 822. the new Argentine section with two 12pdr guns served by a Confederation gave Luis Vernet (born in sergeant, a corporal and 11 men. Whether all badge or device in front. His dark blue trousers Hamburg) permission to form a settlement at these men were recruited is not known have red welts down the sides. A bugler in a white tunic has red collar and Port Louis and to kill cattle because in the following year only 30 men cuffs The back-seams are shown with the Actually in 1823 Don Pablo Areguale was were to be provided with blue guernsey frock special drummer s lace or braid This braid has appointed as the first Argentinian governor, jackets and Scotch tartan bonnets (the latter a a narrow white line in the centre dividing but in 1828 Vernet was made governor of the feature to be noted later) at a total cost of chevrons of white and blue, with narrow red Malvinas and as may be expected he adopted a £39.12.0 However by the next year these local stripes down the outer sides His dark blue high-handed manner. He exceeded the bounds troops seem to have disappeared of permissible behaviour in 1829 when he kilmarnock cap has a red bobble on top and he carries a brass-hilted band sword on the left warned off an American schooner which he considered had infringed shipping rights and hip The 1864 Dress Regulations for officers subsequently seized it as a prize vessel When quotes the dress of the Falkland Islands three United States sailing vessels suffered Company as being "uniform and appointments c.milar indignities, the American Nation did as for officers of infantry; white facings, shako \c take this lightly and sent the warship and waist-plates and buttons according to the Kington. This destroyed Vernet's fleet, pattern at Horse Guards." This would indicate sacked his settlement and declared the Falk­ the low shako but Ebsworth's water-colour lands Islands free of all government. In 1832 only showed an undress rig Here was a the government of Buenos Aires sent lieutenant in the dark blue frock coat and a Mentovier to take charge of a settlement but he stiff-peaked forage cap The officer wears a was murdered by his own men! crimson sash over the left shoulder and a black The British government had renewed its scabbarded sword hanging from the white claim in 1829. but it was not until January waist-belt There is no discernible distinction 1 833 that Captain J. J Onslow in command of for the Falkland Islands Company It is said that HMS Clio and with another ship made a the regular company was formed from volun­ landing The British flag was raised at Port teers of fifteen years service. When it was dis­ Louis and some 150 Argentinians still re banded is not clear, but perhaps it was in 1866 maining were evicted when the appointment of Captain Moloney A log book covering this occasion is pre­ lapsed. served and on view at Rockingham Castle, There were local volunteers when the Northants Control was now in the hands of a Falkland Islands became a Crown Colony in British official, although there was nogarrison 1892 but details of uniforms are lacking By When former employees of Vernet murdered 1905 the 105 all-ranks volunteers were the appointed British superintendant and com­ wearing a norfolk jacket of dark grey cloth with mitted other crimes, action had to be taken green collars and cuffs, with scarlet piping Naval officers acted as superintendants of the Above, the modern cap badge, in gilding metal round the collar and cuffs, bronze buttons, Falkland Islands until 1841 when civil ad­ For the Falkland Islands Defence Force. silver chevrons and badges mounted on green ministration with a resident governor was es­ Trousers were of the same material as the tablished This man was Richard Claremont On 4th March, 1855 a militia guard and jackets with green stripes The field service cap Moody, who. although nominally a civilian, volunteers were to be considered with a per­ a had sides of black cloth and a green top. edged had been an officer in the Royal Engineers manent establishment of a sergeant, [r with scarlet piping and a scarlet embroidered From now onwards all was peaceful in the corporal and four men Theoutbreakofthe war badge The weapons were Lee-Enfield rifles ands. By 1847 there wasa newGovernor. with Russia brought about the movement of ge Rennie (he too had been a military regular troops from remote stations and and sword-bayonets In the 1914-18 war the volunteers were man, a Deputy Assistant Commissionary islands like those of the Mediterranean and called up for active service to handle the single General) In 1856 the new Governor and their replacement by garrisons of militia 1 2pdr gun and in 1918 the Falkland Island Commander-in-Chief was Thomas Edward regiments from Great Britain In the case of the Defence Corps was stood down In 1920 they Laws Moore As the war with Russia had Falkland Islands a local force was to be were re-constituted as the Falklands Islands broken out, a military presence was deemed created, the Falkland Islands Company In necessary in the islands, an aspect dealt with 1857 Captain Charles Compton Abbott of the Defence Force later. 75th Highlanders was listed as in command of On 3rd June. 1933 on the centenary of the In May 1864 the new Governor and Com­ detachments in the Falklands, so this may establishment of, the, colony,., a group photo-. .. mander-in-Chief was James George Mac- have included the new company In April 1860 graph shows that the uniform was of the Kenzie. who was a Captain in the Royal Navy Captain Abbott was replaced by Captain John practical khaki The officers service dress In 1866 the post was held by William C E Sharman Moloney as in command of detach- tunic had four large patch pockets and the Robinson, followed in 1870 by George A K ments and as captain of the Falkland Islands turned-down collar revealed a khaki shirt and D'Arcy, late colonel of the 3rd West India Company, a post which he held until m.d 1864. tie. The breeches were of the voluminous type. Regiment, a hero of both Indian and African No doubt these officers were responsible for High boots or puttees were worn the latter campaigns In 1876 the Governor and the oraan.s.ng and training of the recruits, with the tapes tied at the top for the infantry Commander-in-Chief was Thomas Callaghan Little is available about the new corps The company and those tied at the bottom for the and in 1881 Thomas Kerr. In May 1892 the Army Lists stated that the uniform was scarlet mounted section Gloves were of brown islands were created a Crown Colony and with white facings and it is lucky that a water- leather as was the normal Sam Browne belt, continued with up to the present Rex Hunt colour drawing by R Ebsworth show the complete with sword. The only distinctive In the early days of the British settlements in uniform. A memorandum of h.s picture reads feature was the khaki tam-o-shanter with the the Falklands there was little reason for a 'Style of uniform (as) our Line Regiments wore badge on the left side It will be remembered permanent military presence The Royal Navy in Crimea 1 856' The full dress tunic depicted that the early force also had Scottish head- which helped in the early administration is the short-lived double-breasted garment dress. ... • . ^ brought Royal Marines in the visiting ships and (1855-57) It is scarlet with white collar and When Coronation blues were introduced thus began a relationship which continued to cuffs as well as small turned-down lapels. The for the British army, lhHeV^enra's° ar^llaTb'® the present day. Eventually a governor with a cuffs have upright patches or flaps with three for the Falkland Islands defence Force. The military origin was appointed and Richard buttons and loops of lace, a fashion still closed-collartunic wasb‘uew.thredp.pngon Clement Moody from the Royal Engineers was surviving in the Foot Guards No full dress the cuff of semoi’NCOstinithe shape of a three- appointed as the first civilian governor. He head-dress is shown. The acting sergeant- pointed scalloped flap. The blue shoulder-strap DECEMBER 1983 appears to have red embroidered initials and the peaked forage caps had a red band and welt The dark blue trousers of the men had narrow red piping down the sides and the waist belts seem to be of black leather. The central device in the Union flag for the S < Falkland Islands had a bearing on the cap badge; eventually worn by the FIDF At the time of the First World War the round badge contained a naturalistic picture of the hills, the .'If water, the peaty land, with a ship on the water and a white bull in the foreground This was still described in 1928 as a white bull standing amid the characteristic tussock with a frigate near by This haphazard design was formalised in 1948 when proper heraldic arms were de­ signed and approved The blue shield had three wavy white bars below indicating water On the upper part was a white ram standing on - v-'i tussac grass while below on the water was 1-:'-' the golden ship 'Desire' On a scroll below was - the motto 'Desire the Right in black letters. This motto may be taken in two meanings — first, to have the desire to do right and secondly, the ship 'Desire' gives the right to the colony. This was the design in the centre of the Union flag which flew in Port Stanley and was of honour dressed in their 'blues' The uniform Falkland Island Defence Force. |une 1933. Note brought back by the Royal Marines. was as described previously, but there are officers sporting khaki tain-o-shantcrs and The badge of the Falkland Islands Defence minor differences. The chin-strap of the cap is various forms of legwear. See text for full details. Force had inspiration from thiscoat-of-arms. It worn down to combat the strong winds, collar v of gilding metal and the heater-shaped badges have appeared, and the piping on the %eld is divided diagonally so that the galley is sleeves seems abandoned The initials 'FIDF in the upper right hand part arid a seal on the are now blue on a scarlet "flash worn just lower left-hand section The surrounding label below the point of the shoulders. White belts with cord and toggle carries the words Desire have now appeared and as weapons vanished Sources the Right' during the Argentine invasion, the only protec- The infantry company as well as the moun­ tion seems to be a whistle worn from a lanyard 1 British Army Lists 1831 — date. 2 Handbook of the British Empire 1905. ted section were both allied to the West York­ on the left shoulder shire Regiment and this alliance continued in 3 The Falkland Islands and their dependencies the newly-formed Prince of Wales' Own 1970-71 H.M.S.O Regiment of Yorkshire 4 The Falkland Islands by Ian Strange David Those who watched the television coverage & Charles 1981 of the Falkland Islands events would have seen N.B Since this article was written the FIDF 5 Royal United Services Museum on June 29th, 1 982 Governor Rex Hunt on his have paraded with arms reissued since the 6 Various ''Flag ' books return to Port Stanley being greeted by a guard British regained the Islands 7 Author s own collection

THE BAVARIAN AND WESTPHALIAN ARMIES 1799-1815 1-519-623-4832 Translated from German sources, this book, organized by George Nafziger, describes the military organization of Bavaria and Westphalia during the Napoleonic era. The book covers in detail: infantry, cavalry, artillery and an- UNIT ORGANIZATIONS OF COMING SOON cilliary units with informanon on organization, uniforms, THE AMERICAN CIVIL WAR drill and formations. Ea. . $6.95 THE BRITISH MILITARY - by Richard J. Zmuncnnann

THE RUSSIAN ARMY The official organizations lor the Union Regular. Union Volunteer Armies and the Confederate Arms that (ought 1800-1815 each other during the American Civil War. The orpaniza- - by George Safztger lions of fiitccn historical umiv with strengths and organiza­ George Nafziger has made a tremendous effort in resear­ tional peculiarities, pluv siv selected orders of battle are in­ ching, in detail, the material for this book on the Russian cluded Army. Richard Zimmcrmann has researched the Coil War in great Detailed information is provided on all levels of organiza­ detail to give us a precise and comprehensive studv on the tions in the Russian Army - Company. Battalion. Regimen­ period. Ea. SX 51) tal and Divisional - for the 1800-1815 period. This book has a great wealth of information for the THE UNIVERSAL SOLDIER Napoleonic enthusiast. Ea...... $10.00 Wargame rules for Ancient. Medieval and Pike & Shot with 25 mm or 15 mm figurines. IRON-ON HEX TRANSFERS The Universal Soldier miniatures rules are comprehensive yet The iron-on transfers arc for application of a hex pattern on very playable. The game system spans history by allowing doth, wood or paper using an ordinary household iron. They each fighting unit 10 be umquclv assigned its fighting ability. arc available in black or white. weapons, formation and morale This information is sum- Shipping. Postage and Handling I” Hex - 4' x 4’ Area...... $2.75 marized for many armies in the Appendix. 2" Hex - 6' x 4' Area...... S3.25 Ea S7.95 U.S.A. and Canada please add S2.00 3” Hex - 8'x 4* Area...... $3.75 Universal Soldier Unit Sheets $3.00 Others please add lS'Vo Surface or 30^o Airmail V Minimum FI and ling Charge. ...S2.00 GUARDIAN 1.12.83 Clash over fate THE TIMES 1.12.83

of Crown Agents \ \ By Maggie Brown North, has tabled “hostile” The Treasury and the For- questions and “ during the Medal for iegn Office are at odds over the long delay which had ensued fate of the Crown Agents. The in taking a decision, it has Treasury wants the crisis- been made clear in answer to Falklands stricken Crown Agents to be parliamentary questions that abolished, and their aid-dis- closure is one of the options pensing functions and services being considered,” Mr Graham diver either privatised or handed said, By Our Defence Correspondent over to other government de- ”He added that he had per- Petty Officer Michael Harri­ partments. But their sponsors, haps been “guilty of wishful son, a Royal Navy diver, the Foreign Office, and the thinking ” in believing that the received the Queen’s Gallanti7 Overseas Development Admin- battle had gone his way. Medal yesterday for his part in istration, are backing a sur- The Crown Agents crisis vival plan for the Agents. was precipitated with the what is described as “possibly The matter will now have to bombshell news in July that the most dangerous task ever go before a Cabinet committee, the Sultan of Brunei was inl­ undertaken by a Royal Navy and the final decision — which mediately removing the £3.5 diving team”. The presentation is at least two weeks away — billion of investment funds was made during an investiture could rest with the Prime Min- handled for decades by them. held by the Queen at Bucking­ jster The loss of the £3 million man- ham Palace. Mr Peter Graham, the chair- agement fee brought about a Working at a depth of 30,0ft man of the Crown Agents, said trading loss, breaching the on the wreck of HMS Coventry, yesterday that after a “pleas- Agents articles of incorpo- which was sunk during the ant and cordial ” meeting with ration. Falklands conflict last year, Sir Geoffrey Howe, the Foreign To survive the Agents re- Petty Officer Harrison, aged 33, * Secretary, on November 7, he quire the backing of the Treas- squeezed through an 18in gap to expected a favourable decision ury, because they have £19 get into the operations room to to have been announced by million of outstanding loans recover code books and other now. from it, and a repayment tar- Instead, Mr Geoffrey Lawler, get which they now cannof classified equipment. Conservative MP for Bradford meet. Twice his oxygen and other supply lines from the surface snagged on the wreckage. Petty Officer Harrison, from Fareham, Hampshire, was one of a team of 26 divers who had to work from a diving bell wearing suits heated with warm water. It was while he was searching for a second set of codes that the umbilical line carrying his breathing mixture, communi­ cations, hot water, and safety rope snagged for the first time. It was more than an hour before he was released.

♦ DAILY TELEGRAPH 1.12.83

\ /Vet with a camera AN INTERESTING and highly pri- Falklands fishery fessional private enterprise scheme From'Mr N. J. Mus toe has come out of the Falklands in the form of a calendar for 1984 showing Sir, The waters around the Falkland colour photographs taken by the Falk­ Islands are fished by trawlers from lands Government’s veterinary officer, Poland, Russia, Spain and West Stephen Whitley. Germany. Why no British trawlers? Whitley, 33, who knows the islands We are said to have fleets of deep- as well as any man, travels around sea trawlers laid up after the loss of continually—mostly by airci aft—with grounds around Iceland and other one eye on the local animals and their areas. What has gone wrong? problems and the other ever vigilant Yours faithfully, for a good picture. He has also filled a vacuum in local communications by N. J. MUSTOE producing a series of coloured post­ The Gables, cards of island views, doubtless with Tiverton, Tarporley, the British forces in mind. Cheshire. Whitley’s schoolteacher wife, Susan, November 25. PO Harrison: Trapped for was killed by an artillery shell in the over an hour. last days of the fighting around Port Stanley and it was Whitley himself who suggested to the British Govern­ ment that the “Noah’s Ark” ship filled with animals be sent out to re­ stock the islands. McMillan-Scott Associates Public Adairs 41 Whitehall London SWlA 2BZ Telephone: 01-930 6935

1 Falklands cash offer likely by GUARDIAN 1.12.83 new Argentine Government By John Ezard. to buy land on the Falkland!. The Argentlirfan* told him Anrerrtiina would be willin* woulxl be prepared to offer that the first phase of negotia­ te iofn Britain in paying final? **nd reform via compensa- tions could be a joint adrals-

ISSsinf to3 Uie ful 1 est 1 study^yet would%-^f: als0 offer local IssSa®the Falklands in 1833-34, made of the negotiating Jsi- ^tonomy and rule under Argentina would be ready to tion of the democratic^fovern- En{fIlsh Common Law “for a deplore its 1982 invasion, ment, which takes office in ^?uUry ™°re’ “The ceasefire in the 1982 Buenos Aires, next week. 0n war would be signed and rati- ianguage education. fied by ^ future Argentine Argentina wouldrtffcAf also thp be pre-f,K Th,ece terms were outlined SenateonlyifArgenUna’stitu- P3n nnt«A by the Argentinian President- lar sovereignty appears as pos- milhon so far sj^nt by Britain elect Mr Raul Alfonsin, his for- gible in the light P of the Falklands lays fsTmmaS ?lgn + Dlinj5ter- Mr Dante negotiations which revolved the Falklands, says a summary caputo, and a number of their around leaseback,” Mr Makin’s dvil er' Radical PartV advisers, as well research paper says. Britain ’S and a^S'cs Tn what ™ by leading figures in the “would have to provide a new is a^readv be a con- SP.051.11?11 , Peronlst Party. Argentine regime with indi- clnt.f i/ th. nf the Thelr inte^ews were given to cations that there would be no m5.„ th i l/nr Mr Gunle™° “akin, a re- attempt to repeat" the delays claim to the islands searcher and tutor in South of previous negotiations be- But the price for this would American studies at Cam- tween 1965 and 1982 be a leaseback period of no bridge FINANCIAL TIMES more than 17 years, during Mr Makin was a leading tl In talkingIlt. . to him, the Argen-, which only a * nominal ” and witness in inquiries earlier this politicians stressed their 1.12.83 transitional British defence year into the future of the fears that nonexistent or fruit- force would be allowed to stay Falklands by the Commons less negotiations with Britain while genuine negotiatins took select committees on defence place for full sovereignty. and foreign affairs. His find- would “ greatly heighten the During this period, Ar^en- ings will be published shortly possibility ” of another military tina would Insist on the nght in the Bulletin of Latin Amer- coup in Buenos Aires in three of its nationals to make offers lean Research. years’ time. Lobbying by Crown Menendez under army fire From Jeremy Morgan formal charges against any of in Buenos Aires the 16 officers blamed by the Agents General Mario Menendez, report for the defeat Argentina’s military com­ The summonses came shortly mander and governor on the before publication of further increases Falklands last year, has details of the still secret Rat­ By Charles Batchelor appeared before the Armed tenbach report by a weekly THE Crown Agents for Oversea Forces Supreme Council. He magazine, Siete Dias, whose Governments and Administra­ was informed of the possible earlier report has yet to be tions has stepped up its cam­ charges against him recom­ denied by ithe authorities. paign to persuade the Govern­ mended by the Special The Commission accused Commission led by General General Menendez, who could ment to let it continue manag­ Benjamin Rattenbach, aged 87, face eight charges making him ing investment and providing after an investigation into the most responsible for the de­ other services for foreign causes and conduct of the feat, of “ not showing the abili­ governments. risis. ties of command essential in In a letter sent yesterday to General Leopoldo Galtieri, n emergency.” about 150 MPs and members of - resident and head of the The Commission also noted the House of Lords Mr Peter *was sumJloned with the £ General Menendez that^ a proper plan for defend­ Graham, the agency’s chairman, other two members of the rul­ ing the Falklands was not said closure of the organisation ing Junta then in power punishment or life imprison- ready until April 12, after Bri- would be detrimental to earlier this week. He and ment tain had despatched its task Britain’s interests. Admiral Jorge Anaya, navy Although the proceedings Force to retake the islands, The agency is pressing for a commander at the time of the are being conducted in secret, and that the Junta ignored rapid decision on its future by invasion, could both fac it appears that the council has chances of avoiding an armed ministers. It said more delay charges carrying capital yet to indict anyone or bring conflict. could damage confidence among foreign customers. In its letter the agency said its activities are undertaken at no cost to taxpayers and asked APPOINTMENTS how much of its business could be performed equally effec­ tively, or at all, by private organisations. Coalite Group chief To support its case it ques­ tions whether the 70,000 orders, Mr Peter A. Fowler, a board worth £300m, placed by it and member of the COALITE funded by non-UK sources GROUP since 1978, has been would still be placed in Britain. appointed group managing Small companies receiving director. He joined the company £200m-worth of orders might in 1972 from the NCB’s regional lose these export markets, the marketing department. A year agency said. later he became manager of the ” Coalite ” works at Grime- thorpe, returning to head office as general manager—group ser* . vices. In 1978. Mr Fowler was McMillan-Scott Associates Public Affairs appointed divisional managing director, a position he held until 41 Whitehall London SWlA 2BZ Telephone: 01*030 0935 , his new appointment. ★ Daily Mail 1st December 1983

Hero of RN’s most

dangerous mission A FALKLANBS hero was rewarded by the Queen yesterday for i ‘possibly the most dangerous task ever \ undertaken by a Royal Navy diving team.' Petty Officer Michael Harrison, 33, was one of 26 divers who searched for secret cede books and equipment inside ip*.-™, the upturned hull of the destroyer Co ./entry, sunk by Argentine bombs. lilpf' t. Surprise Twice he became trapped 300 feet down Brave Michael Harrison with his son, Morgan when his life-support cord snaggej on wreck­ harrowing hours on the I was flabbergasted,’ age. icy seabed of the South she said. I had no idea The second time, it Atlantic what he'd done, but now took more than an hour And she congratu­ I'm so proud of him.’ to release him after lated him as she pinned Petty Officer Harrison, ho had squeezed the Queen’s Gallantry who lives in Holbrook through an 18-inch gap Medal to his chest. Road, Fareham, Hamp­ Into the operations The award was a shire, and is based at room to retrieve secret surprise for his wife Portsmouth, said : ‘It equipment. Linda, who was at the was pretty chilly down Yesterday, at Buck­ ceremony with their there—and when I v>t ingham Palace, the five-year-old son, Mor­ stuck it made the old Queen heard of those gan. heart jump a bit.’

Standard 1st December 1983

Argentinians feared cannibal AUCKLAND, Thursday the fears of wounded Argen­ ARGENTINIAN troops tinians, who were put iu beds next to British wounded on wounded during the Falk- Britons the converted cruise ship lands War feared that Uganda. British soldiers would eat New Zealand Herald today “ More than one Argentinian them, and some actually that he became aware of the awoke to find his bed sur­ woke up to find themselves Argentinians’ fears onahospi- rounded by (British) para­ surrounded by paratroopers S*UP during the war. troopers, each with a knife and fork,” said Glover. I7ith knives and forkscs, a Argentine commanders had “ Actually we had to put a Royal Navy doctor sa;id. told their men they would be stop to that,” he said. " It Surgeon - Lieutenant Com­ eaten if they were taken pri­ probably didn’t help that I mander Simon Glover said in soner, Glo.er said. operated wearing cook's an interview published in the British soldiers played on trousers,” he said. lawDemocratm 6 m* November/December 1983 80p d ■n

Semi & &f £6billir m}

kill fe- - v- ..- * ■n

Paul Rogers surveys the , |. Enormous cost of defending Fortress Faiklands’2000 people W and 500,000 sheep. 2

%

Evan Luard calls for Lab/Alliance pact Owen plumps for privatisation Paul Rogers: The soaring cost of pensions Steel: Cruise and partnership O’Kennedy: United Ireland f

HOME POLITICS

Britain’s

running sores

Ulster and the Falklands bleed Mrs Thatcher’s popularity as well as Britain. New political initiatives are vital

THE major issues of controversy during There is strong evidence from opinion the next four years of this Parliament’s polls that the Liberal Assembly had life are clear. They are monetarism, public opinion on their side when they pensions, privatisation and the Falklands passed against the Parliamentary Party’s and Northern Ireland. better judgement the resolutions in Unless there is an electoral pact be­ favour of an United Ireland and for tween the Alliance and Labour about negotiations over the future of the Falk­ which seats to fight.the odds are that the lands. Richard Lamb Conservatives will be in a position to win The Thatcher Government intend to quer of Fortress Falkland between the over 40 per cent of the vote in the next preserve the status quo in Ireland regard­ end of hostilities and 1988 as around £6 general election and continue in gov­ less of the continuing loss of lives, and the billion. Make it clear to the voters what ernment for a third term. Still, if the escalating cost to the Exchequer. The this means in curtailment of health ser­ Alliance can bang the gong successfully nation is getting restive at this running vices. social security and measures to both in Parliament and in the argy bargy sore being left unhealed, for so long, and create new industries and mop up unem­ of by-elections they could, especially if public opinion could be stirred so that ployment, and the government will be in new Alliance MPs of the right calibre win there would be an almost irresistible de­ dead trouble in by-elections. the by-elections, stimulate public opinion mand for British forces to be withdrawn Ever since the end of the war succes­ so that they can challenge the Tories. from Ulster. Alas the Liberal official sive governments were trying to negoti­ Much depends on how Alliance spokes­ spokesmen in the Assembly Northern ate an end to the dispute with Argentina men in and out of parliament tackle the Ireland debate spoke in the language of over the Falklands. Until the victory of crucial issues. Carson and the SDP leadership so far the expeditionary force last year, change The Tories have had some apparent have been negative. Ulster is an issue of sovereignty or lease back were consi­ success over the economy. Inflation is in where the Alliance should go to town and dered reasonable solutions. Now the hand and according to the London Busi­ demand a change of policy, and if they do Prime Minister, drunk with the popularity ness School, the Guru. Nigel Lawson so there would be a fine dividend in terms of armed victory, has turned her back on of votes. may be correct in his prediction that any possible solution satisfactory to the recovery is on the way although accord- Argentine. She does not appreciate that ing to the CBI Survey it is pretty patchy. Democratic Argentina Raul Alfonsin. Argentina’s new leader Unemployment is as grave as ever but-it can only stay in power if he can deliver to is no longer an emotive issue with the With the defeat of the Peronistas, and his nation a satisfactory answer to his ^oters. the emergence of a moderate democratic countrymen’s ambitions over the Falk­ Government in Argentina the whole lands. Argentinians sincerely believe the ^ Pensions cry out for improvement so issue of the Falklands becomes red hot. Falklands to be theirs by right. that those changing jobs need not lose Almost unbelievably Margaret Thatcher out. For the sake of those contributing to \ / decrees, despite the change in govern- Thatcher helps extremists pension funds we must hope that the I ment, that the sovereignty of the Falk­ expected White Paper from the govern­ lands cannot even be discussed. Here she ment will be non-controversial and win Thatcher's intransigence is dangerous may soon be slipping down the road to because it makes probable another ex­ all party approval. For many now in grave unpopularity, because opinion tremist government in Argentina, and retirement it was a tragedy that the polls show a remarkable change in the she is alienating the whole of the Spanish Crossman Pension plan was killed by the nation’s view over our enormous expend­ and Italian world already horrified by the Tories and the Joseph Plan by Labour so iture on the Falklands, and this must callous Belgrano sinking. that many precious years of earnings steamroller as the new Argentine gov­ The Alliance was divided over the were wasted before the Castle Plan even­ ernment demonstrate how reasonable it Falklands invasion. Owen was a hawk. tually replaced the absurdly inadequate is. Jenkins was a dove. Steel was on the and out-of-date Boyd Carpenter scheme The least the Alliance should demand fence. Now the Alliance leadership during the third Wilson Government. now is both the immediate abandonment should be unanimous that negotiations of the exclusion zone and the postpone­ with the moderate Argentine Govern­ Liberallead ment of our plans to make the Falklands ment must be started immediately about a fortress at enormous expense. With an future sovereignty or leaseback, and that David Owen is taking a welcome lead Argentine government committed not to the enormous budget to make the islands in defining the Alliance stand over priva­ use force there can be no urgency about a Fortress must be postponed indefinite­ tisation, and David Steel shares his our immense defensive preparations in ly. Here the Alliance should lead public approach. On page 20 New Democrat the Falklands. Paul Rogers, an indepen­ opinion and debate. Then they will reap a spotlights David Owen’s stimulating dent academic expert, on page 6 esti­ rich harvest of votes in coming by- approach to his controversy. mates the total cost to the British Exche- elections. ®

4 NEW DEMOCRAT, NOVEMBER/DECEMBER 1983

J FALKLANDS

The cost of Fortress Falklands

In the cold war of attrition around the Falklands, rearming cess is not aimed at enabling Argentina to carry out another invasion of the Falk- Argentina has the geopolitical advantage. Paul Rogers, of land Islands. That would be hugely ex­ Bradford University School of Peace Studies, analyses the vast pensive in casualties and would be un-^ likely to succeed with the present British cost to Britain and NATO of defending 2,000 people and half a garrison available for defence. The million sheep. Argentine policy appears to be consider­ ably more subtle and is designed as a war of economic attrition, forcing Britain to ON March 21 this year, less than a year programme is similarly comprehensive. commit large forces to the South Atlan- after the start of the Falklands conflict, By May of this year, Argentina had tic the Argentine Navy took delivery of the replaced the 74 modern stnke aircraft lost Britain is at the continual disadvantage first of four new frigates from a West in the conflict with 107 acquisitions, many of never knowing when the next probing German shipyard. The Almirante Brown of them superior to the aircraft they foray might turn into a hit-and-run raid, is a Meko 360 frigate built at the Blohm replaced. At the start of the conflict. always concerned that Argentine forces and Voss shipyard and, with Rolls-Royce Argentina had five aircraft capable of might stage another flag-raising prop­ engines, David Brown gearboxes and firing Exocets, together with five mis­ aganda episode such as the one on Thule, Hawker Siddeley electronic propulsion siles. Now they already have 24 such and also worried that Argentina might controls, is one of the most modern aircraft and at least 20 missiles. goad Britain into some kind of rash fighting ships in the world. It and its three New transport aircraft have been military response to some such foray sister ships are expected to be equipped purchased, as have large numbers of which could then be made an excuse for with the Otomat anti-ship missile, super­ troop-carrying Super Puma helicopters. an escalated military response such as a ior to the Exocet, and the Aspide anti­ aircraft missile, considered at least as good as the British Sea Dart system. “We are having to keep between one-third and one-half Such a ship represents, in a nutshell, the problem facing the Ministry of De­ fence with Fortress Falklands. It is faced of our most modern ships in the Falklands” with defending a cluster of islands the size of Wales, only 400 miles away from what must remain potentially enemy territory. and the 21 home-produced Pucara air­ missile attack on a Royal Navy frigate. Moreover, that potential enemy is now craft which were destroyed or captured Thus the facts of geopolitical life equipping itself with armaments which during the conflict are being replaced by favour the Argentine armed forces in this are often as good as those of the British 71 new planes. Finally, and perhaps most stalemate. The whole process can actual­ forces which suffer the permanent dis­ significantly of all, Argentina is convert­ ly be far less costly to them than to advantage of being over 7,000 miles from ing three Lockheed Electra aircraft to an Britain and can, if need be, be stepped up their home base. Defence cuts by the new anti-submarine role, no doubt aimed at slowly to make the burden on the British Argentine Government will not affect the countering the effectiveness of the Royal forces even heavier. arms programme described in this article Navy’s nuclear-powered hunter-killer The British military response has been ^fcwhich is already in the pipeline. submarines which have been patrolling far more substantial and certainly far As time goes on, and as any talk of a the area ever since the war. more costly than has been revealed by the negotiated settlement involving The crucial point to grasp is that this Ministry of Defence, and the effect on sovereignty is ruled out by the British singularly impressive rearmament pro­ Britain’s defence posture, particularly its government, so the cost of Fortress Falk­ lands rises, both in direct economic terms and in relation to the distortion of British defence policy. Apart from the four frigates. Argenti­ na has a major modernisation program­ me for its navy. Blohm and Voss are building six Meko 1400 corvettes and another yard is building two Type 1700 diesel submarines. Eventually six of these will be built, adding to the two modern >v* *; ’ Argentinian submarines which were in service during the conflict and caused the Royal Navy such concern. Furthermore, ..fs • :v "V y- \> . Argentina has five fast attack craft on order from Spain and it is believed that such craft could be fitted with the Israeli Z -. ■ _ - Gabriel anti-ship missile, a potentially ■} devastating combination if used against ■ SSsS|§^®sSg -T- Royal Navy ships. The Argentine Air Force re-equipment Diverted from NATO NEW DEMOCRAT. NOVEMBER'DECEMBER 1983 6 FALKLANDS

naval forces, has been quite remarkable. 4( For several months after the war itself, . . to 1988, we find the cost to be around £6,000 Britain had to keep not just a task group of five frigates and destroyers in the

Falklands, but a carrier group as well. million, not far short of the government’s current Eventually, when the Stanley air base became operational to Phantoms, the estimate for the entire Trident programme!” carrier group could be withdrawn, but it was not safe to rely on a single runway so will therefore have to be maintained. the garrison itself will be little more than RAF and Royal Navy Harriers have had It is in terms of naval deployments that £200 million. However, they get this to be kept on. The formidable problems Fortress Falklands is proving most costly. figure on the basis of the additional costs of supplying outlying parts of the Falk­ For the past year, Britain has maintained of keeping the forces in the South Atlan­ lands garrison, communicating with ships a naval task group of at least five frigates tic, not on the total costs. But if we are and maintaining the air link with Ascen­ and destroyers. At times of tension this faced with a commitment measured in sion Island all means that many different has risen to twice that number. For every years rather than months, and if those aircraft types have had to be operated, ship on station, another is in transit or forces are, by reason of distance alone, serviced and repaired. They included. preparing for deployment. Allowing for not available for other defence functions,

!

t-

On guard forever? and still include. Phantoms, Sea Harriers, shore leave and servicing, Fortress Falk­ then such costings are highly misleading. Harriers, Hercules. Wessex, Chinook. lands is accounting for more than a A preliminary estimate of full function­ Gazelle, Sea King and Lynx. All require quarter of the Royal Navy’s entire force al costs puts the recurrent cost of Fortress spares, specialist equipment and skilled of operationally available destroyers and Falklands at well over £600 million per personnel. frigates. Moreover, because the Argen­ annum. If we add the cost of the war Even six months after the conflict tine armed forces are now acquiring more itself, replacement of equipment, capital ended, there were some 7,000 personnel sophisticated ships, some of them using costs of Fortress Falklands and recurrent on the Falklands and they included seven British-made components, we are having costs for a six-year term, from the end of complete squadrons of Royal Engineers, to keep between one-third and one-half the conflict in 1982 to the end of the 1,400 men in all. Five bases have been of our most modern ships in the Falk­ present parliament in 1988, we find the built on the islands outside of Stanley. All lands, and the Ministry of Defence has cost to be around £6,000 million, not too have to be maintained and defended in admitted that as the Argentine capabili­ far short of the government’s current difficult terrain. Even the building of a ties improve, so we may have to increase estimate for the entire Trident program­ new air base will do little to relieve the our commitments still further. me! strain. The main reason for having such a The cost in terms of distortion of At some stage, Britain will have to base is supposedly that it will enable defence policy is considerable, especially negotiate over the Falklands, and the rapid reinforcement of the islands from at a time when NATO naval chiefs are negotiating will have to include Britain. This is, of course, nonsense. The critical of the lack of naval forces avail­ sovereignty, perhaps involving some kind base will have just one full-length run­ able in the North Atlantic. But just as of leaseback. Until that time. Fortress way, the only one in the Falklands significant is the monetary cost. Apart Falklands will continue as a most remark­ capable of taking wide-bodied troop- from the considerable (£2,000 million or able example of an extravagant defence carrying aircraft, and it can be put out of more) costs of replacement equipment commitment. But then, 500,000 sheep action by a single strike aircraft using and capital costs of new bases on the can’t be wrong. ■ modern runway-busting weapons such as islands, the MoD appears insistent on Dr Rogers has submitted evidence to the the Durandel bomb. The army garrison arguing that the eventual annual cost of Commons committee on defence.

NOVEMBER/DECEMBER 1983. NEW DEMOCRAT 7 FALKLANDS

Belgrano: Expose the truth

David Steel and the Labour Party have both called for an enquiry, under a

Judge of the Court of Appeal, into the sinking of the Belgrano. Tam Dalyell marshals more evidence against Mrs Thatcher

AT an election meeting in the hall of the her sinking on the Saturday morning, 30 hours.” Where do MPs seriously picturesque village of St Boswell's, in his when she was much nearer units of the interested in Defence, such as David own constituency, on Saturday, May 28. Task Force, rather than 28 or more hours Owen, John Cartwright, Stephen Ross David Steel replied to a questioner that later, when she was sunk. Then, as at and Richard Wainwright think that this he would be in favour of a public en­ all other times. HM Submarine Con­ leaves the Prime Minister? Small inaccur­ quiry, chaired by a High Court Judge, queror., like all other HM submarines, acies are often part of larger inaccuracies, into the circumstances surrounding the was under the direct command of Fleet small lies part of larger lies. Liberals and sinking of the General Belgrano. The HQ Northwood, and not the Task Force members of the SDP should note that if audience, mostly wearing Liberal rosettes Commander. There were no communica­ Mrs Thatcher ever admitted that she and badges, applauded vigorously. They tion problems with Northwood Liberals knew about the Belgrano being in Con­ were right to do so. And David Steel was and Social Democrats need not only take queror s sights from the early forenoon of right to support a public enquiry, rather my word for this, nor that of my several Saturday, she would have to find a than reference to a Select Committee of informants. Lord Lewin himself con­ convincing answer to the question as to the House of Commons. Any Select firmed this point during that astonishing why she tarried until Sunday afternoon to Committee has a decisive Tory majority, interview on the "World this Weekend” order the sinking of the ship. (Especially, and you can imagine the fate which would on January 30, 1983. as she knew the orders given at 20.07 be in store for any Tor)' MP who cast a hours on Saturday from Admiral Allera, vote in favour of an enquiry' into the Going home confirmed at 01.19 on Sunday from the Prime Minister's conduct between Fri­ Argentine Naval Command, to return to day, April 30 and Sunday, May 2, 1982. From midday onwards, any conceiv­ port.) If it is possible to monitor a MiG Political Siberia would be the least of able threat receded. From a distance of fighter pilot’s orders over a Korean airlin­ punishments. 10,000 yards, the Conqueror discreetly er, it is chicken feed to monitor shore to The purpose of this article is to per­ followed the Belgrano and her escorts on ship orders via satellite and Nimrod AD suade members of parties — other than a 280 degree course, steadily proceeding 470 Transceiver Equipment, and with the Labour* — why they should join in the towards the port of Uschaia. decoding techniques currently in use the renewed demand for that which David Steel asked for at St Boswell’s. For the sake of clarity, let us consider the all- “The crucial threat to Mrs Thatcher came, not from the important chronology of events. Before 16.00 hours on Friday, April 30, 1982, Belgrano, but from the . . . Peruvian peace plan, which HM Submarine Conqueror picked up sonar signatures which her officers knew came from the Belgrano and her escorts, would have involved the withdrawal of all troops, the Piedra Buena, and the Hipplito Bouchard, accompanied by an oiler. British and Argentine” Identification was corroborated by pre­ vious intelligence. From that moment, there was no way in which a nuclear Now this is not the story that Mrs Admiralty would have known about submarine (SSN) could lose surface ves­ Thatcher has been giving to David Owen. these orders within minutes not hours, sels, though a nuclear submarine might David Steel, or anyone else. She refers and they would have rapidly been com­ have had some difficulty in keeping in MPs to the White Paper. The Falklands municated to the Prime Minister at Che­ contact with other submarines, given Campaign: The Lessons (Command quers. (See also International Defence such factors as differing water densities. 8758, published in December, 1982). Studies (May) 1983 and Asian Wall St Paragraph 110 begins: "On May 2, HMS Journal October 3, 1983.) A sitting duck Conqueror detected the Argentine cruis- er, General Belgrano, accompanied by From the early forenoon of Saturday, two destroyers, sailing near to the total Peruvian peace plan May 1, the Conqueror was lying at 4,000 exclusion zone.” This scenario, however, In International Defence Studies (2/ yards at some depth, monitoring the is contradicted by the submarine com- 1983) Juan Carlos Murguizar, Lecturer in Belgrano and her escorts “razzing” — mander, Christopher Wreford Brown, Military History at Argentine Staff Col­ refuelling at sea. It is important to under­ DSO, RN, who wrote (page 16) in lege, stated that because of the Peruvian line that during this period the Argenti­ Geoffrey Underwood’s book. Our Falk­ peace proposals and Pym’s reaction to nians constituted sitting-duck targets. If lands War - the men of the Task Force them the Argentine Government were Mrs Thatcher argues that the Belgrano tell their story the following sentence: about to make arrangements for peaceful was a threat to our Task Force, she is “We took up a position astern and withdrawal of their forces from the Falk­ obliged to explain why she did not order followed the General Belgrano for over lands, and that “the British intercepted

8 NEW DEMOCRAT, NOVEMBER/DECEMBER 1983 FALKLANDS

all our radio transmissions and almost certainly broke all our codes" (page “It is the sheer enormity of the charges against Mrs 138). On May 2. the crucial threat to Mrs Thatcher that makes people reluctant to take them up. Thatcher came, not from the Belgrano. but from the very detailed Peruvian peace plan, which would have involved the People just cannot believe that British Prime Ministers withdrawal of all troops, British and Argentine. Were this to have come are guilty of gross deception, and sending young men to about, does any Liberal or Social Demo­ crat MP really doubt that elements in the their graves in large numbers, for domestic political Tory Party would have wished to replace Mrs Thatcher with Mr Pym in Downing reasons. Yet, on the present evidence, this is precisely Street? An incident had to be created to scupper the Peruvian peace proposals. what this Prime Minister did” Now Mrs Thatcher claims that she did not know about the Peruvian proposals until been told they would have objected, did. “Wicked" and “evil” are not adjec­ three hours after the Belgrano was sunk. unconvinced that the Ancient USS tives I have ever applied to political Rubbish! Everyone else involved knew Phoenix, survivor of Pearl Harbor, or opponents in over 21 years as a Member what President Belaunde Terry of Peru her escorts with Exocets, maximum range of the House of Commons. It would not was doing. And Manual Ulloa, Prime 20 miles, could have been a threat to the occur to me in a month of Sundays to Minister of Peru at the time, points out British carriers. 300 miles to the East? apply "wicked" and “evil" to Ted Heath, (Observer, August 21) that they were Alec Home, or my first Prime Minister, talking to Hugh Thomas. As her biog­ Enquiry essential Harold Macmillan. Unhesitatingly 1 app­ raphers, Brock and Wapshott point out. ly them to Margaret Thatcher. Only an no one is closer to Mrs Thatcher than It is the sheer enormity of the charges against Mrs Thatcher that makes people enquiry, under a Judge of the Court of Hugh Thomas, a fluent Spanish speaker Appeal, will do. Tam Dalyell and head of her think-tank. It is incon­ reluctant to take them up. People just ceivable that she did not know about his cannot believe that British Prime Minis­ * At the Labour Parly Conference in October a discussions with Ulloa. ters are guilty of gross deception, and resolution calling for a public enquiry under a sending young men to their graves in High Court Judge into the sinking of the large numbers, for domestic political Bclgrano was passed overwhelmingly. Pym did not know purposes. Yet. on the present evidence, tDavid Owen is known not to favour an Besides would anyone of elementary this is precisely what this Prime Minister enquiry into the Belgrano sinking — Editor goodwill have ordered the sinking of the Belgrano, in the knowledge that as many U ■/- as 1,200 people, many of them known to be kids and conscripts, could be drowned, without first checking with her Foreign Secretary who was in a negotiat­ ing position? Remember Newsnight of June 2. Peter Snow asked Francis Pym if he was con­ sulted about the decision to sink the \Belgrano. No, he wasn’t! Well, why not? “I was away,” said Pym. What on earth was he away doing? He was not the Secretary of State for the Environment away at some housing conference in Stockholm. Pym was the Foreign Secret­ ary, sweating his guts out to get some solution, without bloodshed, closeted with the American Secretary of State, on the very subject of the Falklands. What possible excuse is there for not consulting one’s Foreign Secretary in a negotiating position? And, men like David Owent might ask themselves, not only how they would have felt as Foreign Secretary, but how come that the American Govern­ ment was not consulted about the deci­ sion to escalate the war by sinking the Belgranol Supposedly, we are to have this intimate relationship on Trident, Pershing, Cruise etc? Why take an irre­ vocable step involving war in the Amer­ icas without consulting Washington? The Americans were appalled. There is only one reason — that had the Americans Maggie's unexploded political bomb

NOVEMBER/DECEMBER 1983, NEW DEMOCRAT